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Stonehenge ? ?Stonehenge (英格兰南部的巨石阵), the mysterious ring of ancient monoliths (独块石) from the dawn o...
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Sheexhibitedgreatpowersofenduranceduringtheclimb.
WhateverHappenstoOldComputers Youhavejustgotanewcomputerandyouaredelightedwithit.Itisdoingeverythingyouwantedyournewcomputertodo.ButwhatareyougoingtodowithyouroldcomputerHaveyoueverwonderedwhatotherpeopledowiththeiroldcomputersInthepasttheyhaveoftenpaidhighpricesfortheiroldcomputersbuthowmuchdoyouthinkthesecomputersareworthnowFewpeoplewanttobuyacomputerthathasbecomeoutofdateorhasbeenreplacedbyanewermodel.Unfortunatelytheonlythingyoucandowithacomputerthatyouhavehadforfiveorsixyearsistothrowitawaywithyourothergarbage! WhatdomanypeopledowhentheytrytoselltheiroldcomputersFoolishlytheytakeintoaccountitsoriginalcostandthenreducethepriceaccordingtotheageofthecomputerratherlikeasecond-handcar.Theyarewrong.Theyforgetthatnewcomputersarebecomingcheapereverydaymakingoldcomputersalmostworthless.In1985forexampleagoodcomputercostoverUS$4000.Tenyearslateritsownerwouldbeluckytoget$400.Althougholdcomputersarestillmoreusefulthanoldtypewritersyoumustbecarefulaboutbuyingasecond-handcomputer.Themicrochipsinacomputermaylastalongtimebuttheharddiskwillnot.Itwillprobablycostmoretoreplacetheharddiskwithanewonethanthecomputeritselfisworth.Moreoverreplacingtheoldprocessorinacomputerissimplynotworththetroubleasitwillprobablybeincapableofrunningnewersoftware.Ultimatelysavingandrepairinganoldcomputerislikebuildingacarfromspareparts.Itisfarcheapertobuyanewcar. Onewell-knowncomputermagazinerecentlycompiledalistoftenthingstodowithanoldcomputer.Onesuggestionwastodonateittocharityorgiveitasoneofthesmallprizesinacompetition.Thefinalsuggestionwastostoreitinasafeplaceandhopethatitwouldbecomeacollector’siteminfifteenortwentyyearsthoughthearticleinthemagazineadmittedthatinfifteenortwentyyearstheremaybesomanyoldcomputersthattheywillallbeworthless. Whateveryoudecidetodowithanoldcomputerwillnotalterthefactthatitwillbeuselessasapieceoftechnologyinseveralyears.TheworldofcomputersisquicklychangingandeventuallyallcomputerswillnotonlybeintegratedwithvideotelephoneandrunCD-ROMdisksbutwillalsobeabletoperformacountlessnumberoftaskswhichasyetwecannotevenimagine.Alltheseuseswillrequiremuchmoreadvancedandpowerfulmachinesthatwillautomaticallycondemneventhemostadvancedcomputertodaytothegarbagecanofthetwentiethcentury. Theauthorarguesthatthemostadvancedcomputertoday.
WhateverHappenstoOldComputers Youhavejustgotanewcomputerandyouaredelightedwithit.Itisdoingeverythingyouwantedyournewcomputertodo.ButwhatareyougoingtodowithyouroldcomputerHaveyoueverwonderedwhatotherpeopledowiththeiroldcomputersInthepasttheyhaveoftenpaidhighpricesfortheiroldcomputersbuthowmuchdoyouthinkthesecomputersareworthnowFewpeoplewanttobuyacomputerthathasbecomeoutofdateorhasbeenreplacedbyanewermodel.Unfortunatelytheonlythingyoucandowithacomputerthatyouhavehadforfiveorsixyearsistothrowitawaywithyourothergarbage! WhatdomanypeopledowhentheytrytoselltheiroldcomputersFoolishlytheytakeintoaccountitsoriginalcostandthenreducethepriceaccordingtotheageofthecomputerratherlikeasecond-handcar.Theyarewrong.Theyforgetthatnewcomputersarebecomingcheapereverydaymakingoldcomputersalmostworthless.In1985forexampleagoodcomputercostoverUS$4000.Tenyearslateritsownerwouldbeluckytoget$400.Althougholdcomputersarestillmoreusefulthanoldtypewritersyoumustbecarefulaboutbuyingasecond-handcomputer.Themicrochipsinacomputermaylastalongtimebuttheharddiskwillnot.Itwillprobablycostmoretoreplacetheharddiskwithanewonethanthecomputeritselfisworth.Moreoverreplacingtheoldprocessorinacomputerissimplynotworththetroubleasitwillprobablybeincapableofrunningnewersoftware.Ultimatelysavingandrepairinganoldcomputerislikebuildingacarfromspareparts.Itisfarcheapertobuyanewcar. Onewell-knowncomputermagazinerecentlycompiledalistoftenthingstodowithanoldcomputer.Onesuggestionwastodonateittocharityorgiveitasoneofthesmallprizesinacompetition.Thefinalsuggestionwastostoreitinasafeplaceandhopethatitwouldbecomeacollector’siteminfifteenortwentyyearsthoughthearticleinthemagazineadmittedthatinfifteenortwentyyearstheremaybesomanyoldcomputersthattheywillallbeworthless. Whateveryoudecidetodowithanoldcomputerwillnotalterthefactthatitwillbeuselessasapieceoftechnologyinseveralyears.TheworldofcomputersisquicklychangingandeventuallyallcomputerswillnotonlybeintegratedwithvideotelephoneandrunCD-ROMdisksbutwillalsobeabletoperformacountlessnumberoftaskswhichasyetwecannotevenimagine.Alltheseuseswillrequiremuchmoreadvancedandpowerfulmachinesthatwillautomaticallycondemneventhemostadvancedcomputertodaytothegarbagecanofthetwentiethcentury. Accordingtothepassageifacomputerisoldyou’dbetter.
{{*HTML*}}TheSupercomputerNetwork1?Recentlytenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycantalktoeachother.ThismaynotseemverydramaticnewsbutitIsthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillIncreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2?TheInternetIsanInterconnected互联systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheInternetisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload下载fileshowmuchdatayoucanstoreetc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslowaccessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3?Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalledthegrid网格技术anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.ThegridwillworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformationyouwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4?Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.Thegridwilldecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerinJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5?Thegridcanbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangiveyourassistantataskandhewilldoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearchcollectthedatacomparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentresinthegridthathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Allyouhavetodoisassignthetasksitbackandwait.6?AtpresentpossibleapplicationsofthegridinscientificresearcharebeingexploredWhileIthastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespreadexpertsbelievethatthegridcouldbeupandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworkingongridprojectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.ItIsbelievedthatthewidespreaduseofthegridwillbecomepossibleinthenext______.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 60
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 62
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 64
{{*HTML*}}TheSupercomputerNetwork1?Recentlytenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycantalktoeachother.ThismaynotseemverydramaticnewsbutitIsthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillIncreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2?TheInternetIsanInterconnected互联systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheInternetisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload下载fileshowmuchdatayoucanstoreetc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslowaccessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3?Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalledthegrid网格技术anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.ThegridwillworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformationyouwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4?Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.Thegridwilldecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerinJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5?Thegridcanbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangiveyourassistantataskandhewilldoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearchcollectthedatacomparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentresinthegridthathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Allyouhavetodoisassignthetasksitbackandwait.6?AtpresentpossibleapplicationsofthegridinscientificresearcharebeingexploredWhileIthastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespreadexpertsbelievethatthegridcouldbeupandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworkingongridprojectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.{{*HTML*}}Paragraph5______AthebiggercomputerstationsBtheadvantageCtenyearsDinformationEyourpersonalassistantFfifteenyears
ATaleofScottishRuralLife LewisGrassicGibbon’sSunsetSong1932wasvoted"thebestScottishnovelofalltime"byScotland’sreadingpublicin2005.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmersithasbeenadaptedforstagefilmTVandradioinrecentdecades. ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinraddieinthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWart.AtitsheartisthestoryofChriswhoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit. GrassicGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine女主人公.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard-workingfather;experiencetragedyhermother’ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildrenandlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarryloseherhusbandthenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannotbelievethatsheisthecreationofaman. ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinraddie’slonghistoryinalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting. Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.Itistoldfrom’Chris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunityacommunitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelss’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten; SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassicGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethisthewartakestheyoungmenawayanumberofthemtotheirdeaths.InparticularittakesawayChris’husbandEwanTavendale.ThewarfinallykillsEwanbutnotinthewayhiswidowistold.InfacttheGermansaren’tresponsibleforhisdeathbuthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle. IfthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksaheadItisa"SunsetSong"butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinraddieindeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassicGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory. WhokilledChris’husbandEwan
{{*HTML*}}YouNeedCourage!??ShortlyafterIbeganacareerinbusinessIlearnedthatCarlWeatheruppresidentofPepsiCo百事可乐公司wasspeakingattheUniversityofColorado.Itrackeddownthepersonhandlinghisscheduleandmanagedtogetmyselfanappointment.?46?.??SothereIwassittingoutsidetheuniversity’sauditoriumwaitingforthepresidentofPepsiCo.Icouldhearhimtalkingtothestudents..andtalkingandtalking.?47?Hewasnowfiveminutesoverwhichdroppedmytimewithhimdownto10minutes.Decisiontime.??Iwroteanoteonthebackofmybusinesscardremindinghimthathehadameeting.YouhaveameetingwithJeffHoyeat2:30pm.Itookadeepbreathpushedopenthedoorsoftheauditoriumandwalkedstraightupthemiddleaisle过道towardhimashetalked.Mr.Weatherupstopped.?48?JustbeforeIreachedthedoorIheardhimtellthegroupthatbewasrunninglate.HethankedthemfortheirattentionwishedthemluckandwalkedouttowhereIwasnowsittingholdingmybreath.???49?Hespentthenext30minutesofferingmehistimesomewonderfulstoriesthatIstilluseandaninvitationtovisithimandhisgroupinNewYork.ButwhathegavemethatIvaluethemostwastheencouragementtocontinuetodoasIhaddone.?50?Whenthingsneedtohappenyoueitherhavethenervetoactoryoudon’t.A.Ibeganbreathingagainandwegrabbed霸占anofficerightthereatschoolandclosedthedoor.B.AsIsatlisteningtohimIknewthatIcouldtrusthimandthathedeservedeverybitofloyaltyIcouldgivetohim.C.Ibecamealarmed:histalkwasn’tendingwhenitshouldhave.D.Hesaidthatittooknerveformetointerrupthimandthatnervewasthekeytosuccessinthebusinessworld.E.Iwastoldhoweverthathewasonatightscheduleandonlyhad15minutesavailableafterhistalktothebusinessclass.F.IhandedhimthecardthenIturnedandwalkedoutthewayIcame.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 52
{{*HTML*}}TheSupercomputerNetwork1?Recentlytenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycantalktoeachother.ThismaynotseemverydramaticnewsbutitIsthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillIncreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2?TheInternetIsanInterconnected互联systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheInternetisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload下载fileshowmuchdatayoucanstoreetc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslowaccessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3?Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalledthegrid网格技术anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.ThegridwillworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformationyouwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4?Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.Thegridwilldecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerinJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5?Thegridcanbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangiveyourassistantataskandhewilldoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearchcollectthedatacomparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentresinthegridthathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Allyouhavetodoisassignthetasksitbackandwait.6?AtpresentpossibleapplicationsofthegridinscientificresearcharebeingexploredWhileIthastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespreadexpertsbelievethatthegridcouldbeupandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworkingongridprojectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.Paragraph3______
TVGamesShows Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthe"bestsellers"listwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight. Thisistheprinciplebehind"quiz"or"game"showswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater. CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions. Winnersofpresent-dayTVshowsnolongergetmoneyfromtheshows.
LongerLivesforWildElephants Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimalswherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon’texist.Withoutsuchproblemsanimalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage. ButmattermaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseasesjointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimestheyevenbecomeinfertileorunabletohavebabies. Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephantsateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircaredocumentingfactorssuchasbirthdatesillnessesweightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.ThescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoobornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcampsoverapproximatelythesametimeperiod. TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years--morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoostheylived18.9yearswhilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years. Scientistsdon’tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMasonabiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudythinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame.Zooelephantsdon’tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewildandmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewildwheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups. AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlierthanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive. Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulationswhichdoesn’tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currentlyzoosalertconsumersofelephantsnotnetproducers"Masonsays. Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists’researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue
{{*HTML*}}YouNeedCourage!??ShortlyafterIbeganacareerinbusinessIlearnedthatCarlWeatheruppresidentofPepsiCo百事可乐公司wasspeakingattheUniversityofColorado.Itrackeddownthepersonhandlinghisscheduleandmanagedtogetmyselfanappointment.?46?.??SothereIwassittingoutsidetheuniversity’sauditoriumwaitingforthepresidentofPepsiCo.Icouldhearhimtalkingtothestudents..andtalkingandtalking.?47?Hewasnowfiveminutesoverwhichdroppedmytimewithhimdownto10minutes.Decisiontime.??Iwroteanoteonthebackofmybusinesscardremindinghimthathehadameeting.YouhaveameetingwithJeffHoyeat2:30pm.Itookadeepbreathpushedopenthedoorsoftheauditoriumandwalkedstraightupthemiddleaisle过道towardhimashetalked.Mr.Weatherupstopped.?48?JustbeforeIreachedthedoorIheardhimtellthegroupthatbewasrunninglate.HethankedthemfortheirattentionwishedthemluckandwalkedouttowhereIwasnowsittingholdingmybreath.???49?Hespentthenext30minutesofferingmehistimesomewonderfulstoriesthatIstilluseandaninvitationtovisithimandhisgroupinNewYork.ButwhathegavemethatIvaluethemostwastheencouragementtocontinuetodoasIhaddone.?50?Whenthingsneedtohappenyoueitherhavethenervetoactoryoudon’t.A.Ibeganbreathingagainandwegrabbed霸占anofficerightthereatschoolandclosedthedoor.B.AsIsatlisteningtohimIknewthatIcouldtrusthimandthathedeservedeverybitofloyaltyIcouldgivetohim.C.Ibecamealarmed:histalkwasn’tendingwhenitshouldhave.D.Hesaidthatittooknerveformetointerrupthimandthatnervewasthekeytosuccessinthebusinessworld.E.Iwastoldhoweverthathewasonatightscheduleandonlyhad15minutesavailableafterhistalktothebusinessclass.F.IhandedhimthecardthenIturnedandwalkedoutthewayIcame.
{{*HTML*}}TheSupercomputerNetwork1?Recentlytenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycantalktoeachother.ThismaynotseemverydramaticnewsbutitIsthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillIncreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2?TheInternetIsanInterconnected互联systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheInternetisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload下载fileshowmuchdatayoucanstoreetc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslowaccessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3?Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalledthegrid网格技术anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.ThegridwillworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformationyouwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4?Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.Thegridwilldecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerinJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5?Thegridcanbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangiveyourassistantataskandhewilldoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearchcollectthedatacomparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentresinthegridthathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Allyouhavetodoisassignthetasksitbackandwait.6?AtpresentpossibleapplicationsofthegridinscientificresearcharebeingexploredWhileIthastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespreadexpertsbelievethatthegridcouldbeupandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworkingongridprojectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.Thegridwillenableyoutogetonyourcomputerthepowerof______intheworld.
{{*HTML*}}YouNeedCourage!??ShortlyafterIbeganacareerinbusinessIlearnedthatCarlWeatheruppresidentofPepsiCo百事可乐公司wasspeakingattheUniversityofColorado.Itrackeddownthepersonhandlinghisscheduleandmanagedtogetmyselfanappointment.?46?.??SothereIwassittingoutsidetheuniversity’sauditoriumwaitingforthepresidentofPepsiCo.Icouldhearhimtalkingtothestudents..andtalkingandtalking.?47?Hewasnowfiveminutesoverwhichdroppedmytimewithhimdownto10minutes.Decisiontime.??Iwroteanoteonthebackofmybusinesscardremindinghimthathehadameeting.YouhaveameetingwithJeffHoyeat2:30pm.Itookadeepbreathpushedopenthedoorsoftheauditoriumandwalkedstraightupthemiddleaisle过道towardhimashetalked.Mr.Weatherupstopped.?48?JustbeforeIreachedthedoorIheardhimtellthegroupthatbewasrunninglate.HethankedthemfortheirattentionwishedthemluckandwalkedouttowhereIwasnowsittingholdingmybreath.???49?Hespentthenext30minutesofferingmehistimesomewonderfulstoriesthatIstilluseandaninvitationtovisithimandhisgroupinNewYork.ButwhathegavemethatIvaluethemostwastheencouragementtocontinuetodoasIhaddone.?50?Whenthingsneedtohappenyoueitherhavethenervetoactoryoudon’t.A.Ibeganbreathingagainandwegrabbed霸占anofficerightthereatschoolandclosedthedoor.B.AsIsatlisteningtohimIknewthatIcouldtrusthimandthathedeservedeverybitofloyaltyIcouldgivetohim.C.Ibecamealarmed:histalkwasn’tendingwhenitshouldhave.D.Hesaidthatittooknerveformetointerrupthimandthatnervewasthekeytosuccessinthebusinessworld.E.Iwastoldhoweverthathewasonatightscheduleandonlyhad15minutesavailableafterhistalktothebusinessclass.F.IhandedhimthecardthenIturnedandwalkedoutthewayIcame.
ATaleofScottishRuralLife LewisGrassicGibbon’sSunsetSong1932wasvoted"thebestScottishnovelofalltime"byScotland’sreadingpublicin2005.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmersithasbeenadaptedforstagefilmTVandradioinrecentdecades. ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinraddieinthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWart.AtitsheartisthestoryofChriswhoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit. GrassicGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine女主人公.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard-workingfather;experiencetragedyhermother’ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildrenandlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarryloseherhusbandthenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannotbelievethatsheisthecreationofaman. ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinraddie’slonghistoryinalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting. Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.Itistoldfrom’Chris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunityacommunitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelss’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten; SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassicGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethisthewartakestheyoungmenawayanumberofthemtotheirdeaths.InparticularittakesawayChris’husbandEwanTavendale.ThewarfinallykillsEwanbutnotinthewayhiswidowistold.InfacttheGermansaren’tresponsibleforhisdeathbuthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle. IfthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksaheadItisa"SunsetSong"butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinraddieindeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassicGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory. WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris
LongerLivesforWildElephants Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimalswherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon’texist.Withoutsuchproblemsanimalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage. ButmattermaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseasesjointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimestheyevenbecomeinfertileorunabletohavebabies. Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephantsateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircaredocumentingfactorssuchasbirthdatesillnessesweightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.ThescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoobornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcampsoverapproximatelythesametimeperiod. TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years--morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoostheylived18.9yearswhilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years. Scientistsdon’tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMasonabiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudythinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame.Zooelephantsdon’tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewildandmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewildwheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups. AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlierthanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive. Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulationswhichdoesn’tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currentlyzoosalertconsumersofelephantsnotnetproducers"Masonsays. Whatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityzoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom
Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.
At90manyindividualsstillremainhealthyandenergetic.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 58
TVGamesShows Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthe"bestsellers"listwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight. Thisistheprinciplebehind"quiz"or"game"showswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater. CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions. PrizesandmoneyareusuallyprovidedbyTVstarsandlargecompaniesforwinners.
Hehastroubleunderstandingthatotherpeoplejudgehimbyhissocialskillsandconduct.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 56
TVGamesShows Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthe"bestsellers"listwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight. Thisistheprinciplebehind"quiz"or"game"showswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater. CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions. ThehugescandalofcheatinginTVgamesshowswasnotexposeduntil40yearslaterinthemovieQuizShow.
Hewassaidtohavebeenremovedfromthepositionofmanagerforarecentconflictwithanimportantcustomer.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 54
Theuseofthechemicalmaypresentacertainhazardtothelaboratoryworkers.
WhateverHappenstoOldComputers Youhavejustgotanewcomputerandyouaredelightedwithit.Itisdoingeverythingyouwantedyournewcomputertodo.ButwhatareyougoingtodowithyouroldcomputerHaveyoueverwonderedwhatotherpeopledowiththeiroldcomputersInthepasttheyhaveoftenpaidhighpricesfortheiroldcomputersbuthowmuchdoyouthinkthesecomputersareworthnowFewpeoplewanttobuyacomputerthathasbecomeoutofdateorhasbeenreplacedbyanewermodel.Unfortunatelytheonlythingyoucandowithacomputerthatyouhavehadforfiveorsixyearsistothrowitawaywithyourothergarbage! WhatdomanypeopledowhentheytrytoselltheiroldcomputersFoolishlytheytakeintoaccountitsoriginalcostandthenreducethepriceaccordingtotheageofthecomputerratherlikeasecond-handcar.Theyarewrong.Theyforgetthatnewcomputersarebecomingcheapereverydaymakingoldcomputersalmostworthless.In1985forexampleagoodcomputercostoverUS$4000.Tenyearslateritsownerwouldbeluckytoget$400.Althougholdcomputersarestillmoreusefulthanoldtypewritersyoumustbecarefulaboutbuyingasecond-handcomputer.Themicrochipsinacomputermaylastalongtimebuttheharddiskwillnot.Itwillprobablycostmoretoreplacetheharddiskwithanewonethanthecomputeritselfisworth.Moreoverreplacingtheoldprocessorinacomputerissimplynotworththetroubleasitwillprobablybeincapableofrunningnewersoftware.Ultimatelysavingandrepairinganoldcomputerislikebuildingacarfromspareparts.Itisfarcheapertobuyanewcar. Onewell-knowncomputermagazinerecentlycompiledalistoftenthingstodowithanoldcomputer.Onesuggestionwastodonateittocharityorgiveitasoneofthesmallprizesinacompetition.Thefinalsuggestionwastostoreitinasafeplaceandhopethatitwouldbecomeacollector’siteminfifteenortwentyyearsthoughthearticleinthemagazineadmittedthatinfifteenortwentyyearstheremaybesomanyoldcomputersthattheywillallbeworthless. Whateveryoudecidetodowithanoldcomputerwillnotalterthefactthatitwillbeuselessasapieceoftechnologyinseveralyears.TheworldofcomputersisquicklychangingandeventuallyallcomputerswillnotonlybeintegratedwithvideotelephoneandrunCD-ROMdisksbutwillalsobeabletoperformacountlessnumberoftaskswhichasyetwecannotevenimagine.Alltheseuseswillrequiremuchmoreadvancedandpowerfulmachinesthatwillautomaticallycondemneventhemostadvancedcomputertodaytothegarbagecanofthetwentiethcentury. Thepassagetellsusthatitwillcostfarmoretorepairanoldcomputerthanto.
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