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When We Are Asleep Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely...
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TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraintthetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegreegoodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Fordwasthefirsttoadopt______.
CreditCardOnlyWorksWhenSpokenToAcreditcardthatwillnotworkunlessithearsitsowner’svoicecouldbecomeanimportantweaponinthefightagainstfraud欺骗.Thecardrequiresuserstogiveaspokenpasswordthatitrecognizesusingabuilt-invoice-recognitionchip.Theideaistopreventthievesusingastolencardorfraudstersusingsomeoneelse’screditcarddetailstobuygoodsonline.AmodelbuiltbyengineersatBeepcardinSantaMonicaCaliforniarepresentsthefirstattempttopackamicrophonealoudspeakerabatteryandavoice-recognitionchipintoastandard-sizedcreditcard.Theyarenotquitethereyet:thecardisthelengthandwidthofanordinarycreditcardbutitisstillaboutthreetimesasthick.Thecompanynowplanstomakeitthinner.ThevoicecardisbasedonanearlierBeepcardtechnologydesignedtopreventfraudinonlinetransactions.Thisearliercardhasnomicrophonebuthasabuilt-inloudspeakerthatitusestosquawk发出叫声avoiceIDsignalviaacomputer’smicrophonetoanonlineserver.Byverifying证实thatthesignalmatchesthecarddetailstheservercanestablishthattheuserisnotsimplykeyinginacreditcardnumberbutactuallyhasthecardtohand.TheIDcodechangeseachtimethecardisusedinapre-orderedsequencethatonlytheserverknows.ThispreventsfraudstersrecordingthebeepsnotingthecarddetailsandthenplayingbacktheaudibleIDwhentheykeyinthedetailslater.Butthisearliertechnologycannotpreventfraudulentuseofstolencards.Thenewonecan.ThenewvoicecardalsoidentifiesitselfbyitsIDsquawkbutitwillnotdothisuntilithasverifiedthelegitimate合法的user’sspokenpassword.Thieveswillbeunabletousethecardbecauseeveniftheyknewthepasswordtheywouldhavetobeabletocopytheowner’svoicewithahighdegreeofaccuracy.ThechallengeforBeepcardhasbeentodevelopvoice-recognitionandaudiocircuitrythatcanbepoweredbyaminibatteryembedded潜入的inacreditcard.Tomaximizebatterylifetheelectronicsareonlyswitchedonwhenthecardisbeingused.Pressingabuttononthecard’ssurfacepromptsittoutterSayyourpasswordinfemalevoice.Ifthevoice-recognitionsoftwareprovesthatthepasswordisauthentic真实的itsendsitsIDsquawkwhichtheserverthenidentifiesallowingthetransactiontoproceed.Thevoicecreditcardisanimportantinventionbecause
Hurricane飓风KatrinaA．hurricaneisafiercelypowerfulrotating旋转的formoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHuricanthenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameterknownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetimeoneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10000nuclearbombs.Theseedforhurricaneformationisacluster聚焦ofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernpartoftheworld.Undertheseconditionslargequantitiesofwaterevaporate蒸发andcondense冷凝intocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.ItisthisheatenergycombinedwiththerotationoftheEarththatdrivesahurricane.Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstoriseitcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoistairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatstrengthensthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.Initiallywhenwindspeedsreach23milesperhourthesemildwetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressionsorlowairpressure.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUSleavingadisasterzoneof90000squaremilesinitswake尾迹—almostthesizeoftheUK.Thousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebecomehomelessinahumanitarian人道主义的crisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincetheGreatDepression.Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothelastparagraph
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph4______
TapeStore:A．NewTapeStorageSystemTapeStoreisanewkindoftapestoragesystemwhichcanstoreupto6000computertapes.NoothertapestoragesystemcanholdasmanycomputertapesasTapeStore.Thetapeslookexactlylikevideocassettes.Manyhundredsofdatafilescanbestoredoneachtapeuptoamaximumof500millionbytes字节ofdata.Ifyoustoredthesameamountofinformationonpaperyouwouldneednearly4.5billionprintedpages.Themachineisatallblackboxwithamechanicalarm.Themachineis2.5metreshighand3.0metreswide.Thisishowitworks.Eachtapehasacodeprintedonit.YoufeedthecodenumberintoTapeStorewhichthenlooksforthecode.AssoonasTapeStorelocatesthecodethearmreachesinandpullsoutthetape.Thesystemisveryfast.Ittakesthemechanicalarmabout10secondstofindthetapeitislookingfor.Themachinethensearchesthetapetoextract提取therequiredfileandthistakeslessthanaminute.A．humantechnicianwouldhavetolocateandremovethetapebyhandandcouldtakeatleastanhourtofindtherightfileonthetape.Someoftheworld’sbiggestcompaniesincludingbanksinsurancecompaniesairlinestelephonecompaniesutilitiesandcomputercentreshaveboughtthesystem.Theylikeitparticularlybecausethesystemguaranteesthesecurityoftheirdata.TapeStorewasoriginallydevelopedinCanadaandisnowbeingmarketedworldwide.InEuropealone750havealreadybeeninstalledatacostof480000dollarseach.TapeStoreisbetterthananyotherstoragesystembecause
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Paragraph2______
Hurricane飓风KatrinaA．hurricaneisafiercelypowerfulrotating旋转的formoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHuricanthenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameterknownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetimeoneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10000nuclearbombs.Theseedforhurricaneformationisacluster聚焦ofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernpartoftheworld.Undertheseconditionslargequantitiesofwaterevaporate蒸发andcondense冷凝intocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.ItisthisheatenergycombinedwiththerotationoftheEarththatdrivesahurricane.Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstoriseitcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoistairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatstrengthensthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.Initiallywhenwindspeedsreach23milesperhourthesemildwetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressionsorlowairpressure.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUSleavingadisasterzoneof90000squaremilesinitswake尾迹—almostthesizeoftheUK.Thousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebecomehomelessinahumanitarian人道主义的crisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincetheGreatDepression.Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.Theeyeofahurricanereferstoits
{{*HTML*}}UnderstandingAutism??1．Autism孤独症isalife-longdevelopmentaldisabilitythatpreventsindividualsfromproperlyunderstandingwhattheyseehearandothersenses.Thisresultsinsevereproblemsofsocialrelationshipscommunicationandbehavior.Individualswithautismhavetopainstakingly费力地learnnormalpatternsofspeechandcommunicationandappropriatewaystorelatetopeopleobjectsandeventsinasimilarmannertothosewhohavehadastroke.??2．Thecauseofautismisstillunknown.Someresearchsuggestsaphysicalproblemaffectingthosepartsofthebrainthatprocesslanguageandinformationcominginfromthesenses.Theremaybesomeimbalanceofcertainchemicalsinthebrain.Genetic遗传的factorsmaysometimesbeinvolved.Autismmayindeedresultfromacombinationofseveralcauses.??3．Mostpeoplewithmentalretardation智力迟钝showrelativelyevenskilldevelopment.Individualswithautismhowevertypicallyshowunevenskilldevelopmentwithdeficits欠缺incertainareas—mostfrequentlyintheirabilitytocommunicateandrelatetoothers—anddistinctskillsinotherareas.Itisimportanttodistinguishautismfrommentalretardationorotherdisorderssincediagnostic诊断的confusionmayleadtoinappropriateandineffectivetreatmenttechniques.??4．Ingeneralindividualswithautismperformbestatjobswhicharestructuredandinvolveadegreeofrepetition.Somepeoplewhohaveautismareworkingasartistspianotunerspaintersfarmworkersofficeworkerscomputeroperatorsdishwashersassemblylineworkersoremployeesofshelteredworkshopsorothershelteredworksettings.Itispossiblethatautismhappensasaresultof______.
{{*HTML*}}UnderstandingAutism??1．Autism孤独症isalife-longdevelopmentaldisabilitythatpreventsindividualsfromproperlyunderstandingwhattheyseehearandothersenses.Thisresultsinsevereproblemsofsocialrelationshipscommunicationandbehavior.Individualswithautismhavetopainstakingly费力地learnnormalpatternsofspeechandcommunicationandappropriatewaystorelatetopeopleobjectsandeventsinasimilarmannertothosewhohavehadastroke.??2．Thecauseofautismisstillunknown.Someresearchsuggestsaphysicalproblemaffectingthosepartsofthebrainthatprocesslanguageandinformationcominginfromthesenses.Theremaybesomeimbalanceofcertainchemicalsinthebrain.Genetic遗传的factorsmaysometimesbeinvolved.Autismmayindeedresultfromacombinationofseveralcauses.??3．Mostpeoplewithmentalretardation智力迟钝showrelativelyevenskilldevelopment.Individualswithautismhowevertypicallyshowunevenskilldevelopmentwithdeficits欠缺incertainareas—mostfrequentlyintheirabilitytocommunicateandrelatetoothers—anddistinctskillsinotherareas.Itisimportanttodistinguishautismfrommentalretardationorotherdisorderssincediagnostic诊断的confusionmayleadtoinappropriateandineffectivetreatmenttechniques.??4．Ingeneralindividualswithautismperformbestatjobswhicharestructuredandinvolveadegreeofrepetition.Somepeoplewhohaveautismareworkingasartistspianotunerspaintersfarmworkersofficeworkerscomputeroperatorsdishwashersassemblylineworkersoremployeesofshelteredworkshopsorothershelteredworksettings.Atypicalfeatureofpeoplewithautismistheiruneven______.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Ford’shigher-wageandlower-coststrategywasstrongly______.
TheCherokeeNation LongbeforethewhitemancametoAmericathelandbelongedtotheAmericanIndiannations.ThenationoftheCherokeeslivedinwhatisnowthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.AfterthewhitemancametheCherokeescopiedmanyoftheirways.OneCherokeenamedSequoyahsawhowimportantreadingandwritingweretothewhiteman.HedecidedtoinventawaytowritedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.Hebeganbymakingwordpictures.Foreachwordhedrewapicture.Butthatprovedimpossible—therewerejusttoomanywords.Thenhetookthe85soundsthatmadeupthelanguage.UsinghisownimaginationandanEnglishspellingbookSequoyahinventedasignforeachsound.Hisalphabetprovedamazinglyeasytolearn.BeforelongmanyCherokeesknewhowtoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage.By1828theywereevenprintingtheirownnewspaper.In1830theU.S.Congresspassedalaw.ItallowedthegovernmenttoremoveIndiansfromtheirlands.TheCherokeesrefusedtogo.Theyhadlivedontheirlandsforcenturies.Itbelongedtothem.WhyshouldtheygotoastrangelandfarbeyondtheMississippiRiverThearmywassenttodrivetheCherokeesout.Soldierssurroundedtheirvillagesandmarchedthematgunpoint在枪口的威胁下intothewesternterritory.Thesicktheoldandthesmallchildrenwentincartsalongwiththeirbelongings.Therestofthepeoplemarchedonfootorrodeonhorseback.ItwasNovemberyetmanyofthemstillworetheirsummerclothes.ColdandhungrytheCherokeeswerequicklyexhaustedbythehardshipsofthejourney.Manydroppeddeadandwereburiedbytheroadside.WhenthelastgrouparrivedintheirnewhomeinMarch1839morethan4000haddied.Itwasindeedamarchofdeath. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSequoyahisNOTtrue
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave______.
{{*HTML*}}UnderstandingAutism??1．Autism孤独症isalife-longdevelopmentaldisabilitythatpreventsindividualsfromproperlyunderstandingwhattheyseehearandothersenses.Thisresultsinsevereproblemsofsocialrelationshipscommunicationandbehavior.Individualswithautismhavetopainstakingly费力地learnnormalpatternsofspeechandcommunicationandappropriatewaystorelatetopeopleobjectsandeventsinasimilarmannertothosewhohavehadastroke.??2．Thecauseofautismisstillunknown.Someresearchsuggestsaphysicalproblemaffectingthosepartsofthebrainthatprocesslanguageandinformationcominginfromthesenses.Theremaybesomeimbalanceofcertainchemicalsinthebrain.Genetic遗传的factorsmaysometimesbeinvolved.Autismmayindeedresultfromacombinationofseveralcauses.??3．Mostpeoplewithmentalretardation智力迟钝showrelativelyevenskilldevelopment.Individualswithautismhowevertypicallyshowunevenskilldevelopmentwithdeficits欠缺incertainareas—mostfrequentlyintheirabilitytocommunicateandrelatetoothers—anddistinctskillsinotherareas.Itisimportanttodistinguishautismfrommentalretardationorotherdisorderssincediagnostic诊断的confusionmayleadtoinappropriateandineffectivetreatmenttechniques.??4．Ingeneralindividualswithautismperformbestatjobswhicharestructuredandinvolveadegreeofrepetition.Somepeoplewhohaveautismareworkingasartistspianotunerspaintersfarmworkersofficeworkerscomputeroperatorsdishwashersassemblylineworkersoremployeesofshelteredworkshopsorothershelteredworksettings.Paragraph4______
RenewableEnergySourcesTodaypetroleum石油providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneedsmostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillusedmostlyinpowerstationstocoverone-quarterofourenergyneedsbutitistheleastefficientunhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel矿物燃料.Naturalgasreservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoilbutreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Renewablereferstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.Hydroelectric水力发电的powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergysupplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDamisthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDamits26turbines涡轮机willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.In2003thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal潮汐的currentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill风车butotherstaketheformofturbines.Aspricesfallwindpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration—quadrupling翻两番worldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensivethereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeautyandareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallyharmless—theycaninterferewithradaralterclimateandkillseabirds.ScotlandisbuildingEurope’slargestwindfarmwhichwillpower200000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesourcesmainlywindby2020.Butthismaycauseproblemsbecausewindisunreliable.Oneoftheproblemswithwindfarmsisthat
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.RichardSeed’sannouncementreceived______.
TapeStore:A．NewTapeStorageSystemTapeStoreisanewkindoftapestoragesystemwhichcanstoreupto6000computertapes.NoothertapestoragesystemcanholdasmanycomputertapesasTapeStore.Thetapeslookexactlylikevideocassettes.Manyhundredsofdatafilescanbestoredoneachtapeuptoamaximumof500millionbytes字节ofdata.Ifyoustoredthesameamountofinformationonpaperyouwouldneednearly4.5billionprintedpages.Themachineisatallblackboxwithamechanicalarm.Themachineis2.5metreshighand3.0metreswide.Thisishowitworks.Eachtapehasacodeprintedonit.YoufeedthecodenumberintoTapeStorewhichthenlooksforthecode.AssoonasTapeStorelocatesthecodethearmreachesinandpullsoutthetape.Thesystemisveryfast.Ittakesthemechanicalarmabout10secondstofindthetapeitislookingfor.Themachinethensearchesthetapetoextract提取therequiredfileandthistakeslessthanaminute.A．humantechnicianwouldhavetolocateandremovethetapebyhandandcouldtakeatleastanhourtofindtherightfileonthetape.Someoftheworld’sbiggestcompaniesincludingbanksinsurancecompaniesairlinestelephonecompaniesutilitiesandcomputercentreshaveboughtthesystem.Theylikeitparticularlybecausethesystemguaranteesthesecurityoftheirdata.TapeStorewasoriginallydevelopedinCanadaandisnowbeingmarketedworldwide.InEuropealone750havealreadybeeninstalledatacostof480000dollarseach.TheTapeStoresystemispopularamongbigcompaniesmainlybecause
Hurricane飓风KatrinaA．hurricaneisafiercelypowerfulrotating旋转的formoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHuricanthenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameterknownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetimeoneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10000nuclearbombs.Theseedforhurricaneformationisacluster聚焦ofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernpartoftheworld.Undertheseconditionslargequantitiesofwaterevaporate蒸发andcondense冷凝intocloudsandrain-releasingheatintheprocess.ItisthisheatenergycombinedwiththerotationoftheEarththatdrivesahurricane.Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstoriseitcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoistairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatstrengthensthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.Initiallywhenwindspeedsreach23milesperhourthesemildwetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressionsorlowairpressure.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUSleavingadisasterzoneof90000squaremilesinitswake尾迹—almostthesizeoftheUK.Thousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebecomehomelessinahumanitarian人道主义的crisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincetheGreatDepression.Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.Whenthewarmairfromtheseasurfacebeginstoriseit
TapeStore:A．NewTapeStorageSystemTapeStoreisanewkindoftapestoragesystemwhichcanstoreupto6000computertapes.NoothertapestoragesystemcanholdasmanycomputertapesasTapeStore.Thetapeslookexactlylikevideocassettes.Manyhundredsofdatafilescanbestoredoneachtapeuptoamaximumof500millionbytes字节ofdata.Ifyoustoredthesameamountofinformationonpaperyouwouldneednearly4.5billionprintedpages.Themachineisatallblackboxwithamechanicalarm.Themachineis2.5metreshighand3.0metreswide.Thisishowitworks.Eachtapehasacodeprintedonit.YoufeedthecodenumberintoTapeStorewhichthenlooksforthecode.AssoonasTapeStorelocatesthecodethearmreachesinandpullsoutthetape.Thesystemisveryfast.Ittakesthemechanicalarmabout10secondstofindthetapeitislookingfor.Themachinethensearchesthetapetoextract提取therequiredfileandthistakeslessthanaminute.A．humantechnicianwouldhavetolocateandremovethetapebyhandandcouldtakeatleastanhourtofindtherightfileonthetape.Someoftheworld’sbiggestcompaniesincludingbanksinsurancecompaniesairlinestelephonecompaniesutilitiesandcomputercentreshaveboughtthesystem.Theylikeitparticularlybecausethesystemguaranteesthesecurityoftheirdata.TapeStorewasoriginallydevelopedinCanadaandisnowbeingmarketedworldwide.InEuropealone750havealreadybeeninstalledatacostof480000dollarseach.Thewordmarketedinthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby
RenewableEnergySourcesTodaypetroleum石油providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneedsmostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillusedmostlyinpowerstationstocoverone-quarterofourenergyneedsbutitistheleastefficientunhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel矿物燃料.Naturalgasreservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoilbutreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Renewablereferstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.Hydroelectric水力发电的powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergysupplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDamisthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDamits26turbines涡轮机willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.In2003thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal潮汐的currentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill风车butotherstaketheformofturbines.Aspricesfallwindpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration—quadrupling翻两番worldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensivethereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeautyandareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallyharmless—theycaninterferewithradaralterclimateandkillseabirds.ScotlandisbuildingEurope’slargestwindfarmwhichwillpower200000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesourcesmainlywindby2020.Butthismaycauseproblemsbecausewindisunreliable.China’sThreeGorgesDam
PoolWatchSwimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyareintrouble.Areportsaysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstationandalifeguard’spager呼机.IntrialsatapoolinAncenisnearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMcQuadeaspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnologies.Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheadvideocameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmers’trajectories轨迹.Todothisreliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Itdoesthesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftware’spre-alert预先警戒listsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreareconsideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeingwhetheritobscures使模糊thepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifsoitalertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolsidescreen.Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweekatapoolinHighWycombeBuckinghamshire.OnemanwhoisimpressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockwork时钟装置radio.Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools-andhewasonceanunderwaterescapologist脱身杂技演员withacircus马戏团.Isayfullmarkstothemifthisworksandcansaveliveshesays.HowdoesBaylislookatthePoseidonsystem
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraintthetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegreegoodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple
PoolWatchSwimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyareintrouble.Areportsaysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstationandalifeguard’spager呼机.IntrialsatapoolinAncenisnearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMcQuadeaspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnologies.Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheadvideocameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmers’trajectories轨迹.Todothisreliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Itdoesthesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftware’spre-alert预先警戒listsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreareconsideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeingwhetheritobscures使模糊thepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifsoitalertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolsidescreen.Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweekatapoolinHighWycombeBuckinghamshire.OnemanwhoisimpressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockwork时钟装置radio.Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools-andhewasonceanunderwaterescapologist脱身杂技演员withacircus马戏团.Isayfullmarkstothemifthisworksandcansaveliveshesays.Almeansthesameas
AlmostHumanScientistsareracingtobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefiction:somesaytheywillhavemadeitbytheyear2020.CarolPackerreports.Machinesthatwalkspeakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid机器人whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMIT.Kismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions.Itseyesearsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappysadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids—robotsthatlooklikehumanbeings—whichcanimitatehumanfeelings.CoganotherandroidinventedbytheMITimitatestheactionofamother.HoweverscientistsadmitthatsofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo-year-old.Theoptimists乐观主义者saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids机器人withbrainssimilartothoseofanadulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.WhatkindofjobswilltheydoInthefuturerobotslikeRobonautahumanoidinventedbyNASAwillbedoingdangerousjobslikerepairingspacestations.Theywillalsobedoingmoreandmoreofthehouseholdworkforus.InJapanscientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainusbydancingandplayingthepiano.Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholds:willrobotsbecomemonsters怪物WillpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobotsExpertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro-computersconnectedtotheInternetinthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro-chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbodywhichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets小装置.Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate夸大theimportanceoftechnologybutonewonderswhetherinyearstocomewewillstillbefallinginloveandwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.WhoknowsWhatmakesCogspecial
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph2______
AlmostHumanScientistsareracingtobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefiction:somesaytheywillhavemadeitbytheyear2020.CarolPackerreports.Machinesthatwalkspeakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid机器人whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMIT.Kismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions.Itseyesearsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappysadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids—robotsthatlooklikehumanbeings—whichcanimitatehumanfeelings.CoganotherandroidinventedbytheMITimitatestheactionofamother.HoweverscientistsadmitthatsofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo-year-old.Theoptimists乐观主义者saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids机器人withbrainssimilartothoseofanadulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.WhatkindofjobswilltheydoInthefuturerobotslikeRobonautahumanoidinventedbyNASAwillbedoingdangerousjobslikerepairingspacestations.Theywillalsobedoingmoreandmoreofthehouseholdworkforus.InJapanscientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainusbydancingandplayingthepiano.Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholds:willrobotsbecomemonsters怪物WillpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobotsExpertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro-computersconnectedtotheInternetinthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro-chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbodywhichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets小装置.Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate夸大theimportanceoftechnologybutonewonderswhetherinyearstocomewewillstillbefallinginloveandwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.WhoknowsInthefuturerobotswillalso
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Paragraph4______
TheCherokeeNation LongbeforethewhitemancametoAmericathelandbelongedtotheAmericanIndiannations.ThenationoftheCherokeeslivedinwhatisnowthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.AfterthewhitemancametheCherokeescopiedmanyoftheirways.OneCherokeenamedSequoyahsawhowimportantreadingandwritingweretothewhiteman.HedecidedtoinventawaytowritedownthespokenCherokeelanguage.Hebeganbymakingwordpictures.Foreachwordhedrewapicture.Butthatprovedimpossible—therewerejusttoomanywords.Thenhetookthe85soundsthatmadeupthelanguage.UsinghisownimaginationandanEnglishspellingbookSequoyahinventedasignforeachsound.Hisalphabetprovedamazinglyeasytolearn.BeforelongmanyCherokeesknewhowtoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage.By1828theywereevenprintingtheirownnewspaper.In1830theU.S.Congresspassedalaw.ItallowedthegovernmenttoremoveIndiansfromtheirlands.TheCherokeesrefusedtogo.Theyhadlivedontheirlandsforcenturies.Itbelongedtothem.WhyshouldtheygotoastrangelandfarbeyondtheMississippiRiverThearmywassenttodrivetheCherokeesout.Soldierssurroundedtheirvillagesandmarchedthematgunpoint在枪口的威胁下intothewesternterritory.Thesicktheoldandthesmallchildrenwentincartsalongwiththeirbelongings.Therestofthepeoplemarchedonfootorrodeonhorseback.ItwasNovemberyetmanyofthemstillworetheirsummerclothes.ColdandhungrytheCherokeeswerequicklyexhaustedbythehardshipsofthejourney.Manydroppeddeadandwereburiedbytheroadside.WhenthelastgrouparrivedintheirnewhomeinMarch1839morethan4000haddied.Itwasindeedamarchofdeath. TheCherokeeswenttotheirnewlands
PoolWatchSwimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyareintrouble.Areportsaysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstationandalifeguard’spager呼机.IntrialsatapoolinAncenisnearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMcQuadeaspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnologies.Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheadvideocameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmers’trajectories轨迹.Todothisreliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Itdoesthesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftware’spre-alert预先警戒listsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreareconsideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeingwhetheritobscures使模糊thepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifsoitalertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolsidescreen.Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweekatapoolinHighWycombeBuckinghamshire.OnemanwhoisimpressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockwork时钟装置radio.Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools-andhewasonceanunderwaterescapologist脱身杂技演员withacircus马戏团.Isayfullmarkstothemifthisworksandcansaveliveshesays.HowdoesPoseidonsavealife
MoreThanaRidetoSchool TheNationalEducationAssociationclaims"Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity."Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyareright—sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDenson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl. BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus. ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.Shesays"It’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant."HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree. BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany.LarryAlthousepresidentofthecompanyacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord."YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays.Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemiles.Hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus." Althousefurtheradds"AlthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusCompanyisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome."Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict. BruceHardyhasbeenworkingwithAlthouseBusCompany
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