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Strawberries: In a study that tracked the diets and health of 1, 271 people in Massachusetts, resear...
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Whenhewasachildheusedto__________strawberries.
liking
like
liked
likes
arenotfruit.
Pears
Apples
Hamburgers
Strawberries
Inearlysummeroneofthemostpopularfruitsisstrawberry
Haveyouevertriedastrawberypizza?IfyouwenttoOxnard6
Idon'tlikestrawberriescarrots.
and
or
but
with
Thetwinsareeatingsomestrawberries.一般疑问句thetwinsea
Inearlysummeroneofthemostpopularfruitisstrawberry草
—IthinkJohnlikesstrawberriesandapples.—OK.Let'sha
Idon'tlikestrawberries________tomatoes.
or
and
with
but
第三部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项Itisabeau
Thosestrawberriesareonly$2.划线部分提问_________________
ItisabeautifuldayinJunE.Thesunishot.It'stimetoharv
Doyoulikethose______inthebox?
tomatos
familys
strawberries
dictionarys
Strawberriescanofcoursebefrozenbuttheytastebestwhe
fresh
freshly
more freshly
fresher
Ilikesomeandforlunch.
broccoli; strawberries
broccolis; strawberries
broccoli; strawberry
broccolis; strawberry
There______thirteenstrawberriesonthetablE.
is
are
have
has
Thevillageroftengrowstrawberries.Hisstrawberriess
Thereare________ofmilkand________onthetablE.
two glasses，a plate of strawberry
two glass，a plate of strawberries
two glass，a plate of strawberry
two glasses，a plate of strawberries
Hereissome_______.Doyoulikeit?
bread
tomatoes
strawberries
cakes
–What’syourfavorite____________?–Strawberries.
subject
color
fruit
book
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It'stoughfindingajobthesedays.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 7
Theiceisnotthickenoughtobeartheweightofatank.
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 10
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 3
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 14
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 11
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 8
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 12
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Itcostmuchtohaveatest-tubebaby.
Sheshowslittleregardforthefeelingsofothersanddoesexactlywhatshewantsto.
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Doctorsaresurethatmoretest-tubebabiesaregirlsthanboys.
Ittookmeawholehourtosolvetheproblem.
Wehavetoaskthemtoquittalkinginorderthatallpeoplepresentcouldhearusclearly.
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 5
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 13
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 9
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 1
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 7
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 2
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 9
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 15
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 6
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 13
Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 15
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 11
YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores YoungadultswhoarefithaveahigherIQandaremore1togoontouniversityrevealsamajornewstudycarriedoutattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital. TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesPNAS.Thestudyinvolved1.2millionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.Theresearchgroupanalysedthe2ofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy. Thestudyshowsaclearlink3goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.Thestrongestlinksarefor4thinkingandverbalcomprehension.Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa5intheresultsfortheIQtestandnotstrength."Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung6andthatyourbraingetsplentyof7"saysMichaelNilssonprofessorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital."Thismaybeoneofthereasons8wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitnessbutnotwithmuscular9.Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant." Byanalysingdatafortwinstheresearchershavebeen10todeterminethatitisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetweenfitnessanda11IQ. "Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswho12theirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance"saysMariaAbergresearcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre."Thisbeingthecasephysical13isasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects." Theresearchershavealsocomparedtheresultsfromfitnesstests14nationalservicewiththesocio-economicstatusofthemenlaterin15.Thosewhowerefitat18weremorelikelytogointohighereducationandmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs. 4
Herbalmedicine草药canbeusedtocuresleeplessness.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearly-warningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.Thosemostatriskarepatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithanimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslautemhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem"HagenKnafsays"13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 5
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