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新课程改革课程目标设计的三个维度是知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度和价值观。
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体育教师招聘考试《判断》真题及答案
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新课程改革中学科课程目标均由下列哪些方面构成①知识与技能目标②德育目标③过程与方法目标④能力目标⑤情
①②③
②③④
①③⑤
①④⑤
语文课程标准中的总目标是从知识与能力过程与方法三个维度来阐明语文课程目标的
关于化学课程目标的表述正确的是
化学课程目标规定了学生通过化学课程的学习应达到的最高要求
化学课程目标描述的是教师的教学行为和教学效果
化学课程目标包含知识与技能、过程与方法、情感·态度·价值观三个维度
化学课程目标比课程内容标准更加详细和具体
第八次基础教育课程改革提出了三个维度的课程目标他们是
能力与素质
知识与技能
过程与方法
情感态度与价值观
新课程改革提出的课程目标具有三个维度它们是①知识与技能②知识与兴趣③过程与方法④情感态度与价值观
.①②③
①②④
①③④
②③④
新课程的总目标是按照三个维度来表述的既知识与技能情感态度和价值观
过程与方法
实践与方法
过程与方式
创造与发现
新课程的三维课程目标是指知识与技能过程与方法__________
新课程的总目标是按照知识技能过程与方法情感态度价值观三个维度进行表述的
新课程标准从知识与技能过程与方法______三个方面阐述课程具体目标
课程目标按______整体设计根据__________________三个维度设计
课程目标根据知识和能力过程和方法情感态度和价值观三个维度设计三个方面相互渗透融为一体注重的整体提高
语文知识
语文能力
语文素养
语文课程目标根据知识和能力过程和方法情感态度和价值观三个维度设计
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下列汉字中三个字都不读的一组是
Thisareaexperienced____heaviestrainfallin_________monthofMay.
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto．
Itjustisn’tfair________Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth myfriendswerelyingonthebeach．
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasediehardinParagraphIprobablymean
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． BysayingLanguageisthetoolofmytradetheauthormeansthat
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
_______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
加强和改进师德建设的总体要求是以马克思列宁主义——重要思想为指导紧紧 围绕全面实施素质教育全面加强青少年思想道德建设和思想政治教育2分
It’SthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia________
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． BrasBasahRoadisnamed．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
ExcusemeMarciaareporterfromVanityFair_________allday. Couldyouspeaktohernow
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
下列词语结构完全一样的一组是
评价教师课堂教学质量的基本因素有3分
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3
Childrenneedfriends________theirownagetoplaywith．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhomememorycame________back.
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
启发式和注入式是两种对立的教学方法体系试对两者作简要分析
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
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