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What Makes Me the Weight I Am? ? ?There’s no easy answer to this question. "your genetic makeup, the...
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22.---Mike!Don'ttellmeyouaretheguyIamwaitingfor?It
You set me up.
I don't know
What if
You are kidding!
I’verecentlyturnedfiftywhichisyoungforatreemidlife
time alone will tell
time goes by quickly
time will show what is right
time makes one forget the past
—WhatareyoudoingTim?—IamlisteningtothesongLongLive
which
who
/
MyparentsalwaysaskmewhatIamdoingatschooland_______
that
what
which
whether
DearStephenIamwrittentotellyouaboutmyproblemwithmy
DeardoctorMynameisWangLin.I’mamiddleschoolstudent.
IhavebeenplayingtenniseverydayandIreallydon’tunder
how
what
when
why
.-----Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?----
how I feel excited
if I feel excited
what makes me feel excited
why makes me feel excited
-WhatareyoudoingTim-IamlisteningtothesongLongLive_
which
who
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增加在缺词处加一个漏词符号/\并在此符号下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线\划掉修改在错的词下划一
GoingtoSouthAfricafortheWorldCupmakesme_______forI
relaxed
relaxing
excited
exciting
Theproblemismyweight.I’mjust1.57metershighbut51.__
C I’verecentlyturnedfiftywhichisyoungforatreemi
time alone will tell
time goes by quickly
time will show what is right
time makes one forget the past
Theproblemismyweight.I’mjust1.57metershighbut61.__
_________Iwassayingisnot__________Iamgoingtosay.Le
What/what
That/what
What/ that
Which/who
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{{*HTML*}}HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthcarethatisconcernedwithpromotinghealthybehavior.Aperson’sbehaviormaybethemaincauseofahealthproblembutitcanalsobethemainsolution.Thisistruefortheteenagerwhosmokesthemotherwiththepoorlynourished营养childandthebutcher屠夫卖肉的人whogetsacutonhisfinger.Bychangingtheirbehaviortheseindividualscansolveandpreventmanyoftheirownproblems.2.Healtheducationdoesnotreplaceotherhealthservicesbutitisneededtopromotetheproperuseoftheseservices.Oneexampleofthisisimmunization免疫:scientistshavemademanyvaccines疫苗topreventdiseasesbutthisachievementisofnovalueunlesspeopletogoreceivetheimmunization.3.Healtheducationencouragesbehaviorthatpromoteshealthpreventsillnesscuresdiseaseandcontributestorecovery.Theneedsandinterestsofindividualsfamiliesgroupsorganizationsandcommunitiesareattheheartofhealtheducationprograms.Thustherearemanyopportunitiesforpracticinghealtheducation.4.Healtheducationisnotthesamethingashealthinformation.Correctinformationiscertainlyabasicpartofhealtheducationbuthealtheducationmustalsoaddresstheotherfactorsthataffecthealthbehaviorsuchasavailability可获性ofresouceseffectivenessofcommunityleadershipsocialsupportfromfamilymembersandlevelsofself-helpskills.Healtheducationthereforeusesavarietyofmethodstohelppeopleunderstandtheirownsituationsandchooseactionsthatwillimprovetheirhealth.Healtheducationisincompleteunlessitencouragesinvolvementandchoicebythepeoplethemselves.5.Alsoinhealtheducationwedonotblamepeopleiftheydonotbehaveinahealthyway.Oftenunhealthybehaviorisnotthefaultoftheindividual.Inhealtheducationwemustworkwithfamiliescommunitiesandevenregionalandnationalauthoritiestomakesurethatresourcesandsupportareavailabletoenableeachindividualtoleadahealthylife.Paragraph3
Compoundmicroscopeshavetwoseparatelensesorsetsoflenses.
Everyweekthemagazinepresentstheprofileofawell-knownsportspersonality.
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 55
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 59
{{*HTML*}}PublicRelations??Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.???46?Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.?47?Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.???48?Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.?49???Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.?50?Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.??A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.??B.Furthermorenotallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmsomecanresultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.??C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.??D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.??E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.??F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 63
TheHammersmithHospitalinWestLondonhomeoftheRoyalPost-graduateMedicalSchoolhasbeenthescene发生地点ofmanyinnovationsinmedicine.Itisnowhome中心地根据地tothemostexpensiveandambitiousmedicaltechnologyprojecteverinBritainwhichthisyearwillmaketheHammersmiththeworld’sfirstfullydigitalhospital.Thepaper-freeofficebroughtaboutbycomputerizationandmoderninformationtechnologyisfamiliarto为所熟悉manyofficeworkerstoday.Ithastakenlongerforthesametechnologytobeappliedtomedicalimaging医学影像学becauseoftheimmensecomputingpowerandhighcostotheequipmentrequired.ButnowtheHammersmithisbecomingthefirsthospitalinwhichallimagingdata--X-raysultrasonicCTandMRIimages--arestorednotoncumbersomeinflammablefilmsbutasdigitaldataonopticaldiscs.Thefirstconsequenceofthiscanbeseenintheair-conditionedcomputerroominthenewbuildingwheretwocompact坚实的结实的cabinetseachaboutastallasamanand0.6mwidearereadytostoreeveryX-rayandscanmadeattheHammersmithinthenext16yearsonopticaldiscs光盘.Spacesavingisthemostobviousbutnotthemostimportantadvantageofthedigitalh6spital.Aconsultantconductingaclinicwithaworkstationlinkedbyfibreoptics光纤tothedatastorehasnoneedofcumbersometrolleysloadedwithpatients’X-rays.Thenewtechnologyconsiderablyreducestheexposuretoionizing电离的radiationneededtogetpicturesdoctorsneedcorrespondingtoreducingtheslightbutinevitablehealthriskthatcomewithrepeatedX-rays.X-raysrecordtheirimagesonfluorescent荧光的plateslasersreadoffandstorethedataandtheplatesarewipedcleantouseagain.Thisrequireslessradiationthanconventional常规的imaging.Theabilitytoenhanceimagingalsoreducestheneedforextraexposures.Anotheradvantageisthatanystoredimagecanbesenttoanyofthehospital’s138workstationsinfoursecondssoonthatwillcomedown降落totwoseconds.SoonitwillbepossibletosenditdirecttootherhospitalsortocomputerscreensinGP’s全科医生clinics.PACS图像存档通讯系统isthemostexpensivesinglemedicaltechnologyprojecteverfundedinUK.MostofthemoneyhascomefromtheDepartmentofHealthwhichhasrealizedthatitwillbenefitpatientsattheHammersmithHospitalandthosereferredfromelsewhereintermsof按照betterquickerandsaferdiagnosisandtreatment.Anothertechniqueusesradioabelled用放射性同位素示踪的whitebloodcellstoguidedoctorstothesitesofhiddenabscesses脓肿orothertroublespots.Inthemostinnovativetechniqueofallinterventional干预的介入的radiologydoctorsusetinyinstrumentsattheendsoffinecatheters导管inserteddeepintothebodyunderlocalanaesthetictoperformagrowingamountofmicrosurgeryviewedbysurgeons—andpatientsifappropriate—inextremelycleardetail.Everyscrap碎片段ofunwantedimageiselectronicallyeditedoffthescreenbythecomputer.TheHammersmithHospitalisalsopioneeringinterventionalradiographyinwhichdoctorcarryoutmicrosurgeryatthesametimeastheyimagethepatients’organsinminutedetail.Theblockingorunblockingofarteriestopreventdamageduetobleedingorthrombosis血栓形成isamongtheconditionsnowbeingtreatedinthisway.AttheHammersmithHospital______.
{{*HTML*}}PublicRelations??Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.???46?Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.?47?Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.???48?Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.?49???Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.?50?Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.??A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.??B.Furthermorenotallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmsomecanresultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.??C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.??D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.??E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.??F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.
ThefirmofBonninandMorrisinPhiladelphiawasprobablythefirstAmericancompanytomanufactureporcelain.
TheHammersmithHospitalinWestLondonhomeoftheRoyalPost-graduateMedicalSchoolhasbeenthescene发生地点ofmanyinnovationsinmedicine.Itisnowhome中心地根据地tothemostexpensiveandambitiousmedicaltechnologyprojecteverinBritainwhichthisyearwillmaketheHammersmiththeworld’sfirstfullydigitalhospital.Thepaper-freeofficebroughtaboutbycomputerizationandmoderninformationtechnologyisfamiliarto为所熟悉manyofficeworkerstoday.Ithastakenlongerforthesametechnologytobeappliedtomedicalimaging医学影像学becauseoftheimmensecomputingpowerandhighcostotheequipmentrequired.ButnowtheHammersmithisbecomingthefirsthospitalinwhichallimagingdata--X-raysultrasonicCTandMRIimages--arestorednotoncumbersomeinflammablefilmsbutasdigitaldataonopticaldiscs.Thefirstconsequenceofthiscanbeseenintheair-conditionedcomputerroominthenewbuildingwheretwocompact坚实的结实的cabinetseachaboutastallasamanand0.6mwidearereadytostoreeveryX-rayandscanmadeattheHammersmithinthenext16yearsonopticaldiscs光盘.Spacesavingisthemostobviousbutnotthemostimportantadvantageofthedigitalh6spital.Aconsultantconductingaclinicwithaworkstationlinkedbyfibreoptics光纤tothedatastorehasnoneedofcumbersometrolleysloadedwithpatients’X-rays.Thenewtechnologyconsiderablyreducestheexposuretoionizing电离的radiationneededtogetpicturesdoctorsneedcorrespondingtoreducingtheslightbutinevitablehealthriskthatcomewithrepeatedX-rays.X-raysrecordtheirimagesonfluorescent荧光的plateslasersreadoffandstorethedataandtheplatesarewipedcleantouseagain.Thisrequireslessradiationthanconventional常规的imaging.Theabilitytoenhanceimagingalsoreducestheneedforextraexposures.Anotheradvantageisthatanystoredimagecanbesenttoanyofthehospital’s138workstationsinfoursecondssoonthatwillcomedown降落totwoseconds.SoonitwillbepossibletosenditdirecttootherhospitalsortocomputerscreensinGP’s全科医生clinics.PACS图像存档通讯系统isthemostexpensivesinglemedicaltechnologyprojecteverfundedinUK.MostofthemoneyhascomefromtheDepartmentofHealthwhichhasrealizedthatitwillbenefitpatientsattheHammersmithHospitalandthosereferredfromelsewhereintermsof按照betterquickerandsaferdiagnosisandtreatment.Anothertechniqueusesradioabelled用放射性同位素示踪的whitebloodcellstoguidedoctorstothesitesofhiddenabscesses脓肿orothertroublespots.Inthemostinnovativetechniqueofallinterventional干预的介入的radiologydoctorsusetinyinstrumentsattheendsoffinecatheters导管inserteddeepintothebodyunderlocalanaesthetictoperformagrowingamountofmicrosurgeryviewedbysurgeons—andpatientsifappropriate—inextremelycleardetail.Everyscrap碎片段ofunwantedimageiselectronicallyeditedoffthescreenbythecomputer.TheHammersmithHospitalisalsopioneeringinterventionalradiographyinwhichdoctorcarryoutmicrosurgeryatthesametimeastheyimagethepatients’organsinminutedetail.Theblockingorunblockingofarteriestopreventdamageduetobleedingorthrombosis血栓形成isamongtheconditionsnowbeingtreatedinthisway.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage
Speechtherapistsdividetheircasesintocommonandcomplex.Anexampleofacomplexcaseisapersonsufferingfromaphasia.Thisisthelossoftheabilitytounder-standand/orusespeech.Therearemanycausesofaphasiaincludingpartialbraindam-agethatleavestheindividualwiththephysicalabilitytospeak.Iftheindividualisabletospeakbutdoesnotthetherapistmustdeterminethecauseofsuchconduct.Oftenspeechtherapistsdeterminethatproblemsareemotionalandrefertheindividualswithsuchproblemstopsychologistsorpsychiatriststrainedtohelpthem.Whileaspeechtherapistisnottrainedtohelppersonswithsevereemotionaldisordersthetherapistdoesreceiveextensivetraininginsuchareasasanatomyasitrelatestospeechconcentratingonthediaphragmtongueandpalatephysicsparticularlyrelatingtosoundandlanguageandcommunications.Sometherapiststakeclassesinelementarypsychologyaswell.Thespeechtherapistmustbeabletodiagnosethetypeandseverityofthespeechdefectthenprescribeaseriesoftreatments.Whilesomepeoplewithseverehandicapsreceiveindividualinstructionmostpatientsarecomfortablereceivinggrouptherapywithotherswhohavethesameproblem.Ifapatientisfoundtohaveaphysicalhandicapthatisimpedinghisprogressheissenttoadoctorwithwhomthetherapistworksclosely.Manytherapistshaveahighsuccessratewiththeirpatients.Noscientificstudieshaveyetshownwhethertheinterventionofthetherapistwasinfactthesolecauseoftheimprovementofthepatientsorwhethertimeandmaturityhelpedaswell.Arecentstudyhasshownthatpersonswhohavenotreceivedspeechtherapyhaveoftenbeencured’oftheirproblemsmerelybybeingaroundotherswithouttheproblem.Howeverthatsamestudyshowedthatthosefewpersonswhowerenottreatedbytherapistshadextremelylowself-esteemandconsideredthemselvesdifferentandretarded.Thetherapistsoftenareabletomakethepatientsseethatwhiletheyaredifferentthedifferenceisnotoftheirownmakingthattheyhavenotdonesomethingwrong.Therapiststrytoreachchildrenwhentheyareveryyoungbeforetheyhavehadanopportunitytobeteasedbyotherchildrenormadetofeeltheyarestupid.Therapistsoftenworkwithwholefamiliesencouragingtheparentsandsiblingstolistentothepatientstakingthetimetohelpthemfeeltheyareanimportantpartofthefamilynotjustbrushingthemoffbecausetheeffortofinterpretingtheirspeechistoogreatortime-consuming.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage
TheHammersmithHospitalinWestLondonhomeoftheRoyalPost-graduateMedicalSchoolhasbeenthescene发生地点ofmanyinnovationsinmedicine.Itisnowhome中心地根据地tothemostexpensiveandambitiousmedicaltechnologyprojecteverinBritainwhichthisyearwillmaketheHammersmiththeworld’sfirstfullydigitalhospital.Thepaper-freeofficebroughtaboutbycomputerizationandmoderninformationtechnologyisfamiliarto为所熟悉manyofficeworkerstoday.Ithastakenlongerforthesametechnologytobeappliedtomedicalimaging医学影像学becauseoftheimmensecomputingpowerandhighcostotheequipmentrequired.ButnowtheHammersmithisbecomingthefirsthospitalinwhichallimagingdata--X-raysultrasonicCTandMRIimages--arestorednotoncumbersomeinflammablefilmsbutasdigitaldataonopticaldiscs.Thefirstconsequenceofthiscanbeseenintheair-conditionedcomputerroominthenewbuildingwheretwocompact坚实的结实的cabinetseachaboutastallasamanand0.6mwidearereadytostoreeveryX-rayandscanmadeattheHammersmithinthenext16yearsonopticaldiscs光盘.Spacesavingisthemostobviousbutnotthemostimportantadvantageofthedigitalh6spital.Aconsultantconductingaclinicwithaworkstationlinkedbyfibreoptics光纤tothedatastorehasnoneedofcumbersometrolleysloadedwithpatients’X-rays.Thenewtechnologyconsiderablyreducestheexposuretoionizing电离的radiationneededtogetpicturesdoctorsneedcorrespondingtoreducingtheslightbutinevitablehealthriskthatcomewithrepeatedX-rays.X-raysrecordtheirimagesonfluorescent荧光的plateslasersreadoffandstorethedataandtheplatesarewipedcleantouseagain.Thisrequireslessradiationthanconventional常规的imaging.Theabilitytoenhanceimagingalsoreducestheneedforextraexposures.Anotheradvantageisthatanystoredimagecanbesenttoanyofthehospital’s138workstationsinfoursecondssoonthatwillcomedown降落totwoseconds.SoonitwillbepossibletosenditdirecttootherhospitalsortocomputerscreensinGP’s全科医生clinics.PACS图像存档通讯系统isthemostexpensivesinglemedicaltechnologyprojecteverfundedinUK.MostofthemoneyhascomefromtheDepartmentofHealthwhichhasrealizedthatitwillbenefitpatientsattheHammersmithHospitalandthosereferredfromelsewhereintermsof按照betterquickerandsaferdiagnosisandtreatment.Anothertechniqueusesradioabelled用放射性同位素示踪的whitebloodcellstoguidedoctorstothesitesofhiddenabscesses脓肿orothertroublespots.Inthemostinnovativetechniqueofallinterventional干预的介入的radiologydoctorsusetinyinstrumentsattheendsoffinecatheters导管inserteddeepintothebodyunderlocalanaesthetictoperformagrowingamountofmicrosurgeryviewedbysurgeons—andpatientsifappropriate—inextremelycleardetail.Everyscrap碎片段ofunwantedimageiselectronicallyeditedoffthescreenbythecomputer.TheHammersmithHospitalisalsopioneeringinterventionalradiographyinwhichdoctorcarryoutmicrosurgeryatthesametimeastheyimagethepatients’organsinminutedetail.Theblockingorunblockingofarteriestopreventdamageduetobleedingorthrombosis血栓形成isamongtheconditionsnowbeingtreatedinthisway.TheHammersmithHospital______.
{{*HTML*}}HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthcarethatisconcernedwithpromotinghealthybehavior.Aperson’sbehaviormaybethemaincauseofahealthproblembutitcanalsobethemainsolution.Thisistruefortheteenagerwhosmokesthemotherwiththepoorlynourished营养childandthebutcher屠夫卖肉的人whogetsacutonhisfinger.Bychangingtheirbehaviortheseindividualscansolveandpreventmanyoftheirownproblems.2.Healtheducationdoesnotreplaceotherhealthservicesbutitisneededtopromotetheproperuseoftheseservices.Oneexampleofthisisimmunization免疫:scientistshavemademanyvaccines疫苗topreventdiseasesbutthisachievementisofnovalueunlesspeopletogoreceivetheimmunization.3.Healtheducationencouragesbehaviorthatpromoteshealthpreventsillnesscuresdiseaseandcontributestorecovery.Theneedsandinterestsofindividualsfamiliesgroupsorganizationsandcommunitiesareattheheartofhealtheducationprograms.Thustherearemanyopportunitiesforpracticinghealtheducation.4.Healtheducationisnotthesamethingashealthinformation.Correctinformationiscertainlyabasicpartofhealtheducationbuthealtheducationmustalsoaddresstheotherfactorsthataffecthealthbehaviorsuchasavailability可获性ofresouceseffectivenessofcommunityleadershipsocialsupportfromfamilymembersandlevelsofself-helpskills.Healtheducationthereforeusesavarietyofmethodstohelppeopleunderstandtheirownsituationsandchooseactionsthatwillimprovetheirhealth.Healtheducationisincompleteunlessitencouragesinvolvementandchoicebythepeoplethemselves.5.Alsoinhealtheducationwedonotblamepeopleiftheydonotbehaveinahealthyway.Oftenunhealthybehaviorisnotthefaultoftheindividual.Inhealtheducationwemustworkwithfamiliescommunitiesandevenregionalandnationalauthoritiestomakesurethatresourcesandsupportareavailabletoenableeachindividualtoleadahealthylife.Healtheducationaredifferentfrom
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 61
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 51
Thegreatchangeofthecityastonishedallthevisitors.
OnBritishNewspapers BesidesthedailynewspapersthereareanumberofSundaynewspapersinBritain.Manyofthemareconnectedwiththe"dailies"thoughnotrunbythesameeditorandhismembers.TheSundaypapersarelargerthanthedailypapersandusuallycontainmorearticlesconcernedwithcomment评论andgeneralinformationratherthannews.ThenationaldailyandSundaypapershavethelargestcirculation发行intheworld.OftheSundaypaperstheObserverandtheSundayTimesarethebestknown. Itisaregrettablefactthatthenumberofmagazinesofaliteraryorpoliticalnaturehasdroppeddownsincethewar.Thishasprobablybeencausedbytheever-wideruseofradioandtelevision.Themostsuccessfulmagazinesarethosepublishedforwomen.Theircoversaredesignedtocatchtheeyeandtheycertainlysucceedindoingso!Theyoffertheirreadersarticlesoncookery烹饪法fashionneedleworkandmanyothermattersofwomeninterest.Theyalsoprovideadvicetothoseinloveandadventureswithhandsomeheroes.Somewomen’smagazinesalsoincludeseriousarticlesofmoregeneralinterest. Thevisitorwholooksatthemagazinesdisplayedinalargebookstall书摊whichmaybefoundinanimportantrailwaystationwillnoticethatthereisawidevarietyoftechnicalorsemitechnical半专业的booksandmagazines.Therearemagazinesforthemotoristthefarmerthegardenerthenurseandmanyothers. Therearemanylocalandregionalnewspapers.ItiscommoninBritainforanewsagent报刊经售人todeliver投递themorningpaperstohiscustomersforasmallextrapaymentthisserviceisusuallyperformedbyboysandgirlswhowanttoearnsomepocket-money. Bookstallsonlyselltechnicalorsemitechnicalmagazines.
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 53
{{*HTML*}}HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthcarethatisconcernedwithpromotinghealthybehavior.Aperson’sbehaviormaybethemaincauseofahealthproblembutitcanalsobethemainsolution.Thisistruefortheteenagerwhosmokesthemotherwiththepoorlynourished营养childandthebutcher屠夫卖肉的人whogetsacutonhisfinger.Bychangingtheirbehaviortheseindividualscansolveandpreventmanyoftheirownproblems.2.Healtheducationdoesnotreplaceotherhealthservicesbutitisneededtopromotetheproperuseoftheseservices.Oneexampleofthisisimmunization免疫:scientistshavemademanyvaccines疫苗topreventdiseasesbutthisachievementisofnovalueunlesspeopletogoreceivetheimmunization.3.Healtheducationencouragesbehaviorthatpromoteshealthpreventsillnesscuresdiseaseandcontributestorecovery.Theneedsandinterestsofindividualsfamiliesgroupsorganizationsandcommunitiesareattheheartofhealtheducationprograms.Thustherearemanyopportunitiesforpracticinghealtheducation.4.Healtheducationisnotthesamethingashealthinformation.Correctinformationiscertainlyabasicpartofhealtheducationbuthealtheducationmustalsoaddresstheotherfactorsthataffecthealthbehaviorsuchasavailability可获性ofresouceseffectivenessofcommunityleadershipsocialsupportfromfamilymembersandlevelsofself-helpskills.Healtheducationthereforeusesavarietyofmethodstohelppeopleunderstandtheirownsituationsandchooseactionsthatwillimprovetheirhealth.Healtheducationisincompleteunlessitencouragesinvolvementandchoicebythepeoplethemselves.5.Alsoinhealtheducationwedonotblamepeopleiftheydonotbehaveinahealthyway.Oftenunhealthybehaviorisnotthefaultoftheindividual.Inhealtheducationwemustworkwithfamiliescommunitiesandevenregionalandnationalauthoritiestomakesurethatresourcesandsupportareavailabletoenableeachindividualtoleadahealthylife.{{*HTML*}}Paragraph1??A.RelationshipBetweenHealthEducationandHealthInformation??B.WhatIsHealthEducation???C.RelationshipBetweenHealthEducationandotherHealthServices??D.CreationofNecessaryConditionsforHealthyBehavior??E.EncouragingUnhealthyBehavior??F.WhatDoesHealthEducationMainlyDo?
EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Themainpurposeofthiswritingisto______.
He'sspentyearscultivatingaknowledgeofart.
OnBritishNewspapers BesidesthedailynewspapersthereareanumberofSundaynewspapersinBritain.Manyofthemareconnectedwiththe"dailies"thoughnotrunbythesameeditorandhismembers.TheSundaypapersarelargerthanthedailypapersandusuallycontainmorearticlesconcernedwithcomment评论andgeneralinformationratherthannews.ThenationaldailyandSundaypapershavethelargestcirculation发行intheworld.OftheSundaypaperstheObserverandtheSundayTimesarethebestknown. Itisaregrettablefactthatthenumberofmagazinesofaliteraryorpoliticalnaturehasdroppeddownsincethewar.Thishasprobablybeencausedbytheever-wideruseofradioandtelevision.Themostsuccessfulmagazinesarethosepublishedforwomen.Theircoversaredesignedtocatchtheeyeandtheycertainlysucceedindoingso!Theyoffertheirreadersarticlesoncookery烹饪法fashionneedleworkandmanyothermattersofwomeninterest.Theyalsoprovideadvicetothoseinloveandadventureswithhandsomeheroes.Somewomen’smagazinesalsoincludeseriousarticlesofmoregeneralinterest. Thevisitorwholooksatthemagazinesdisplayedinalargebookstall书摊whichmaybefoundinanimportantrailwaystationwillnoticethatthereisawidevarietyoftechnicalorsemitechnical半专业的booksandmagazines.Therearemagazinesforthemotoristthefarmerthegardenerthenurseandmanyothers. Therearemanylocalandregionalnewspapers.ItiscommoninBritainforanewsagent报刊经售人todeliver投递themorningpaperstohiscustomersforasmallextrapaymentthisserviceisusuallyperformedbyboysandgirlswhowanttoearnsomepocket-money. ItisobviousthatdailynewspaperscarrymoreinformationthantheSundaypapers.
OnBritishNewspapers BesidesthedailynewspapersthereareanumberofSundaynewspapersinBritain.Manyofthemareconnectedwiththe"dailies"thoughnotrunbythesameeditorandhismembers.TheSundaypapersarelargerthanthedailypapersandusuallycontainmorearticlesconcernedwithcomment评论andgeneralinformationratherthannews.ThenationaldailyandSundaypapershavethelargestcirculation发行intheworld.OftheSundaypaperstheObserverandtheSundayTimesarethebestknown. Itisaregrettablefactthatthenumberofmagazinesofaliteraryorpoliticalnaturehasdroppeddownsincethewar.Thishasprobablybeencausedbytheever-wideruseofradioandtelevision.Themostsuccessfulmagazinesarethosepublishedforwomen.Theircoversaredesignedtocatchtheeyeandtheycertainlysucceedindoingso!Theyoffertheirreadersarticlesoncookery烹饪法fashionneedleworkandmanyothermattersofwomeninterest.Theyalsoprovideadvicetothoseinloveandadventureswithhandsomeheroes.Somewomen’smagazinesalsoincludeseriousarticlesofmoregeneralinterest. Thevisitorwholooksatthemagazinesdisplayedinalargebookstall书摊whichmaybefoundinanimportantrailwaystationwillnoticethatthereisawidevarietyoftechnicalorsemitechnical半专业的booksandmagazines.Therearemagazinesforthemotoristthefarmerthegardenerthenurseandmanyothers. Therearemanylocalandregionalnewspapers.ItiscommoninBritainforanewsagent报刊经售人todeliver投递themorningpaperstohiscustomersforasmallextrapaymentthisserviceisusuallyperformedbyboysandgirlswhowanttoearnsomepocket-money. ThemostsuccessfulmagazinesinBritainarethosepublishedforwomen.
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 57
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 65
Speechtherapistsdividetheircasesintocommonandcomplex.Anexampleofacomplexcaseisapersonsufferingfromaphasia.Thisisthelossoftheabilitytounder-standand/orusespeech.Therearemanycausesofaphasiaincludingpartialbraindam-agethatleavestheindividualwiththephysicalabilitytospeak.Iftheindividualisabletospeakbutdoesnotthetherapistmustdeterminethecauseofsuchconduct.Oftenspeechtherapistsdeterminethatproblemsareemotionalandrefertheindividualswithsuchproblemstopsychologistsorpsychiatriststrainedtohelpthem.Whileaspeechtherapistisnottrainedtohelppersonswithsevereemotionaldisordersthetherapistdoesreceiveextensivetraininginsuchareasasanatomyasitrelatestospeechconcentratingonthediaphragmtongueandpalatephysicsparticularlyrelatingtosoundandlanguageandcommunications.Sometherapiststakeclassesinelementarypsychologyaswell.Thespeechtherapistmustbeabletodiagnosethetypeandseverityofthespeechdefectthenprescribeaseriesoftreatments.Whilesomepeoplewithseverehandicapsreceiveindividualinstructionmostpatientsarecomfortablereceivinggrouptherapywithotherswhohavethesameproblem.Ifapatientisfoundtohaveaphysicalhandicapthatisimpedinghisprogressheissenttoadoctorwithwhomthetherapistworksclosely.Manytherapistshaveahighsuccessratewiththeirpatients.Noscientificstudieshaveyetshownwhethertheinterventionofthetherapistwasinfactthesolecauseoftheimprovementofthepatientsorwhethertimeandmaturityhelpedaswell.Arecentstudyhasshownthatpersonswhohavenotreceivedspeechtherapyhaveoftenbeencured’oftheirproblemsmerelybybeingaroundotherswithouttheproblem.Howeverthatsamestudyshowedthatthosefewpersonswhowerenottreatedbytherapistshadextremelylowself-esteemandconsideredthemselvesdifferentandretarded.Thetherapistsoftenareabletomakethepatientsseethatwhiletheyaredifferentthedifferenceisnotoftheirownmakingthattheyhavenotdonesomethingwrong.Therapiststrytoreachchildrenwhentheyareveryyoungbeforetheyhavehadanopportunitytobeteasedbyotherchildrenormadetofeeltheyarestupid.Therapistsoftenworkwithwholefamiliesencouragingtheparentsandsiblingstolistentothepatientstakingthetimetohelpthemfeeltheyareanimportantpartofthefamilynotjustbrushingthemoffbecausetheeffortofinterpretingtheirspeechistoogreatortime-consuming.Youmayinferthattheauthorfeelsthatoneoftheprimarybenefitsofspeechtherapyisthatit______.
{{*HTML*}}HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthcarethatisconcernedwithpromotinghealthybehavior.Aperson’sbehaviormaybethemaincauseofahealthproblembutitcanalsobethemainsolution.Thisistruefortheteenagerwhosmokesthemotherwiththepoorlynourished营养childandthebutcher屠夫卖肉的人whogetsacutonhisfinger.Bychangingtheirbehaviortheseindividualscansolveandpreventmanyoftheirownproblems.2.Healtheducationdoesnotreplaceotherhealthservicesbutitisneededtopromotetheproperuseoftheseservices.Oneexampleofthisisimmunization免疫:scientistshavemademanyvaccines疫苗topreventdiseasesbutthisachievementisofnovalueunlesspeopletogoreceivetheimmunization.3.Healtheducationencouragesbehaviorthatpromoteshealthpreventsillnesscuresdiseaseandcontributestorecovery.Theneedsandinterestsofindividualsfamiliesgroupsorganizationsandcommunitiesareattheheartofhealtheducationprograms.Thustherearemanyopportunitiesforpracticinghealtheducation.4.Healtheducationisnotthesamethingashealthinformation.Correctinformationiscertainlyabasicpartofhealtheducationbuthealtheducationmustalsoaddresstheotherfactorsthataffecthealthbehaviorsuchasavailability可获性ofresouceseffectivenessofcommunityleadershipsocialsupportfromfamilymembersandlevelsofself-helpskills.Healtheducationthereforeusesavarietyofmethodstohelppeopleunderstandtheirownsituationsandchooseactionsthatwillimprovetheirhealth.Healtheducationisincompleteunlessitencouragesinvolvementandchoicebythepeoplethemselves.5.Alsoinhealtheducationwedonotblamepeopleiftheydonotbehaveinahealthyway.Oftenunhealthybehaviorisnotthefaultoftheindividual.Inhealtheducationwemustworkwithfamiliescommunitiesandevenregionalandnationalauthoritiestomakesurethatresourcesandsupportareavailabletoenableeachindividualtoleadahealthylife.{{*HTML*}}Healtheducationpromotes??A.promotinghealth??B.healthinformation??C.leadahealthylife??D.healthybehavior??E.changeunhealthybehavior??F.otherhealthservices
EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Inthesequenceofeventsforemotionstooccurwhichisnexttotheencounterofanimportantevent
EmotionsEmotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslovehappinessandcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotionssuchaslonelinessworryandgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwordsavarietyofsoundsfacialexpressionsandgestures.Forexampleangercausesmanypeopletofrownmakeafistandyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsocietythoughheredity遗传maydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwinfamousforthetheoryofnaturalselectionalsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880speoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoeventssuchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchangesbuttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.WatsonanAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorismobservedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions--fearangerandlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson’sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexamplesomeonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeactionwhichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thusapersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions--whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity--areangerfearjoysadnessacceptancedisgustssurpriseandinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotionsjustascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatthosewhoarebornblind______.
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