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The president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, is asking for foreign help to fight forest and agricultura...
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高中英语《福建省漳州市第一中学2015-2016学年高二上学期期末考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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补全对话请阅读下面对话从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成对话并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑其中有两个
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Lastfallbeekeepersfromstateswithwarmclimatesbegantoreportasuddenlossofhoneybees.LosseswerereportedintwentyfourstatesandspreadtoCanadA.TodaysomebeekeeperssaythirtypercenttoninetypercentoftheirhoneybeesaregonE.Foodpricecouldgoupasaresult.AndsomebeekeepingbusinesseshavefaileD.Manykindsofplantstreesandgrassesneedbeestopollinatethem.Beesgathernectarfromflowersduringthisprocess.Theliquidgivesthemfoodandmaterialtomakehoney.Asthebeeslandonflowerstheirbodiespickupanddropoffparticlesofpollen花粉.MostfloweringplantsneedpollinationtoreproducE.Honeybeescandieduringthewinter.ButfewdeadbeeshavebeenfoundthistimE.InsteadthebeesseemtohavedisappeareD.Expertscalltheconditioncolonycollapsedisorder.AgricultureDepartmentofficialCairdRexroadsaidthecolonycollapsedisorderthreatensaboutfifteenbilliondollarsworthofthecountry'sfarmeconomy.Mr.RexroadcommentedatahearingofaHouseofRepresentativesagriculturesubcommitteE.Mr.Rexroadsaidthecauseofthesuddenlossofbeeswasnotclear.Thenumberofhoneybeeshadalreadyfallenbeforethecolonycollapsedisorderbegan.Expertssaythevarroamiteisatleastpartlyresponsiblefortheearlierdecreaseinhoneybees.Themiteisatinycreaturethatfeedsonhoneybees.Itmayplayapartincolonycollapsedisorderbycarryingbeeviruses.Ortheproblemmaybecausedbyotherdiseaseandweatherconditions.DianaCoxFosterofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityispartofthescientificgroup.Ms.CoxFostersaysthenationneedshoneybeesthatcandefendthemselvesbetteragainstdiseaseandinsects.Therecentmappingofmostofthehoneybees'genesoffersthehopeofastrongerhoneybeesomeday.63.Somepeoplehavefailedinbeekeepingbusinessesbecause________.A.theywanttomakemoremoneybydoingsomethingelseB.theclimatesweretoowarmtoraisebeeslastfallC.toomanybeeshavedisappearedfornoreasonD.moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoraisebees64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A.Itisnormalthatsomebeesdieinthecoldseason.B.Theplantscan'tlivewithoutbeesatall.C.Manybeeshavediedbecauseofthebadweather.D.Researchershavefoundthereasonofthedeathofbees.65.Thepassageismainlytotellusthat________.A.thehoneybeesareimportanttoplantstreesandgrassesB.manyAmericansaresurprisedatthelossofhoneybeesC.stronghoneybeesareingreatneedinAmericaD.somethinghashappenedtoAmericanhoneybees
Weallknowwhatabrainis.A.doctorwilltellyouthatthebrainistheorganofthebodyintheheaD.Itcontrolsourbody'sfunctionsmovementsemotionsandthoughts.ButabraincanmeansomuchmorE.A.braincanalsosimplybeasmartpersonIfapersoniscalledbrainysheissmartandintelligent.IfafamilyhasmanychildrenbutoneofthemissupersmartyoucouldsayShe'sthebrainsinthefamily.Andifyouarethebrainsbehindsomethingyou.areresponsiblefordevelopingororganizingsomething.ForexampleBillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoftBraintrustisagroupofexpertswhogiveadvicE.WordexpertssaythephrasebraintrustbecamepopularwhenFranklinD.Rooseveltfirstranforpresidentin1932SeveralprofessorsgavehimadviceonsocialandpoliticalissuesfacingtheU.S.Theseprofessorswerecalledhisbraintrust.ThesewaysweusethewordbrainallmakesensE.ButotherwaysweusethewordarenotsoeasytounderstanD.Forexampletounderstandthenextbrainexpressionyoufirstneedtoknowtheworddrain.Asaverbtodrainmeanstoremovesomethingbylettingitflowaway.Soabraindrainmaysoundlikeadiseasewherethebrainflowsouttheears.Butbraindrainiswhenacountry'smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsaresortofdrainingoutofthecountry.Howeverifpeopleareresponsibleforagreatideayoucouldsaytheybrainstormedit.Herebrainstormisnotanactofweather.ItisaprocessofthinkingcreativelyaboutacomplextopiC.Forexamplebusinessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproductsandgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.Ifpeoplearebrainwasheditdoesnotmeantheirbrainsareniceandclean.Tobrainwashmeanstomakesomeoneacceptnewbeliefsbyusingrepeatedpressureinaforcefulortrickyway.Keepinmindthatbrainwashisneverusedinapositiveway.25.Accordingtothetextifyou'retheCEOofBaiDuyoucanbecalledA.thebrainsbehindBaiDuB.BaiDu'sbraintrustC.thebraindrainofBaiDuD.theorganofBaiDu26.WhydidRooseveltsuccessfullywintheelection?A.BecausehewassmartatgivingadvicE.B.Becausewordexpertswerepopular.C.Becausehegothisbraintrust.D.BecausehewasthebrainsbehindAmericA.27.Whichofthefollowingexpressionisalwaysusedinanegativeway?A.BraintrustB.BraindrainC.BrainstormD.Brainwash
InthisageofInternetchatvideogamesandrealitytelevisionthereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupieD.Yetdespitethecompetitionmy8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontestacompetitionshewonlastyear.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontestsandaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn'twinthecontestagain?That'sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.SomanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurfacE.Arevelation启示camelastweekwhenIaskedher―Don‘tyouwanttowinagain?‖―No‖shereplied―IjustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgradE.‖Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously自发地toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehallIofferedsuggestionsforcharactersconflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly―guided‖bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgradeIhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting借用mydaughter‘sexperiencE.WhilesteppingbackwasdifficultformeitwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmorestepsputtingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifaskeD.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperimentgrowandfindtheirownvoices.41.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manysenselessactivitiescompeteforchildren‘stimenowadays.B.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivitiestoday.C.Rebeccabenefitsalotfromtheonlinematerialsforherwriting.D.RebeccaismuchtoobusytoenjoyherleisuretimE.42.Whatdidthewritersayaboutherownwritingexperience?A.Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B.Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.C.Therearepainsaswellasgainsinherwritingcareer.D.Shecouldnolongerstandanypressurefromwriting.43.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear‘swritingcontest?A.Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B.Shesimplyintendedtoshareherstorywithreaders.C.Shewassureofwinningwithhermother‘shelp.D.Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.44.FromtheunderlinedpartinParagraph4wecaninferthatthewriter________________.A.hadunconsciouslydonetoomuchwhilecorrectingherdaughter‘sstoryB.hadalreadyofferedpracticalsuggestionsforherdaughter‘sstoryC.hadnearlyreplacedherdaughtertotakepartinthecontestD.hadsuccessfullyturnedherdaughterintoayoungwriter45.What‘sthewriter‘sadviceforparents?A.Parentsshouldsparenoefforttomaketheirchildrensuccessfulwriters.B.Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirchildrenengagein.C.Childrenshouldbegivenproperguidancetobecomemoreexcellent.D.ChildrenshouldbeallowedmorefreedomtogrowthroughexperiencE.
A.loyalcathasbeenbringinghisownersmallgiftseverydayinashowofaffection.Afterallthecat’sownerhasbeendeadforoverayear.Toldo—acute3-year-oldblackandwhitecatlivesinMontagnananorthernItaly.Toldohasbeenvisitinghisowner—IozzelliRenzowhodiedonSeptember222013aged71—everydayforthepastyearandleavingsmallpresentsatthegravE.Thegiftsusuallyconsistofleavessticksplasticcupsorpapertowels.EventodayIwenttothecemeterywithToldo.OnthewaybacksomeoneIknowtoldmethecathasalreadybeenthereearlythismorningRenzo’swifeAdatoldtheCorriereFiorentino.NeighborshavealsoseenToldowanderingaroundthecemeterythroughtheday.Itstartedthedayofthefuneralwhenthecatfollowedthecoffinfromthehousetothecemetery.ThenextmorningAdawenttothegraveagain.WewenttothecemeterywithmydaughterandfoundafloweronthegravE.IimmediatelythoughtthatitwasthecatbutmydaughterwasconvincedthatIwasjustinaveryemotionalstateatthatmoment.ShetoldthenewssourcE.ThatnighthoweverRenzo’ssonreturnedtothecemeteryandfoundToldostandingguardatthegravE.AdasaysthatherlatehusbandsharedaparticularlystrongbondwithToldo—he’dadoptedthecatfromacatcolonywhenhewasjust3monthsolD.UnfortunatelynoteveryonebelievesinthemovingrelationshipbetweenToldoandhisowner.Adasaidthatpeopleoftentrytodrivethecataway.ThereareinsensitivepeoplewhosendhimawaywithstonesorotherthingsconvincedthatthepresenceofananimalinthecemeteryisnotgooD.ShetoldthenewssourcE.StillToldocontinuestovisitthegraveeveryday.21.Whydoesthecattakesomegiftsforhisowner?A.Thecatlikessmallgiftsverymuch.B.ThecatwantstobepraisedbypeopleC.Thecatwantstoshowhislovefortheowner.D.Thecat’sownerhasbeendeadforoverayear.22.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thecathasbeentothecemeterysincethedayofthefuneral.B.ThecatiswelcometothecemeterybyallpeoplearounD.C.Toldowaslovedbyhisownerverymuch.D.ToldowasadoptedataveryyoungagE.23.Somepeopletrytodrivethecatawaybecause_____.A.thegiftswhichToldobringsinwillmakethecemeterydirty.B.theybelievethatthecatisnotagoodanimal.C.theythinkacatshouldnotappearinthecemetery.D.theythinkthereisnoneedtoguardatthegravE.
Scientistshaveneverknownforsurewhetherdinosaurswerewarm-bloodedanimalslikemammalsandbirdsorcold-bloodedlikereptilesandfish.A.recentstudyshowsthatinfactmanydinosaursmightnothavebelongedtoeithercategorybutinsteadhavefallensomewhereinthemiddlE.Warm-bloodedanimalshavebodiesthatareabletomaketheirownheat.TheirbodytemperaturesstayaboutthesamewhetheritishotorcoldoutsidE.Cold-bloodedanimalscannotmaketheirownheatsotheirbodytemperaturesdependonhowwarmtheoutsidetemperatureis.Warm-bloodedanimalshavemuchmoreactivelifestylesthancold-bloodedones.Whenscientistsfirstdiscoveredthebonesofancientdinosaursinthe1800stheyweresurethehugecreaturesmusthavebeenslow.ButasscientistsfoundmorebonesofsmallerquickerdinosaurslikeVelociraptortheyrealizedthatthecreaturesmayhavebeenmuchmoreactivethantheyhadthought.AteamofbiologistsbegantoexaminE.Theyknewthatwarm-bloodedanimalsgrowfasterthancold-bloodedones.Theresearcherrealizedthattheycoulddeterminewhetheradinosaurhadbeenwarm-orcold-bloodedbyfindingitsgrowthratE.Thescientistsexaminethegrowthringsinbonesfrom21differentdinosaurspecies.Thewidthofthegrowthringsshowedhowmuchthedinosaursgreweachyearmuchliketheringsinthetreetrunkdo.Ourresultsshowedthatdinosaurshadgrowthratesthatwereactuallynotcharacteristicofwarm-bloodedorcold-bloodedanimalssaidBrianEnquistascientistontheresearchteam.Theydidn’tactlikemammalsorbirdsnordidtheyactlikereptilesorfish.Insteaddinosaursfellsomewhereinbetween.Scientistscalledthemiddle-of-the-roadcreaturesmesotherms.Beingmesothermsgavedinosaursmanyadvantages.Theywerefasterandstrongerthanreptilesthathadtorelyonthesunforwarmth.Beingsomewhatcold-bloodedhaditsbenefitstoo.Cold-bloodedanimalsbumenergymoreslowly.Sotheyneedmuchlessfoodtolivethanwarm-bloodedanimals.ItisdoubtfulthatalionsizeofT-rexcouldeatenoughtosurviveexplainsJohnGradyanotherbiologistontheresearchteam.Bybeingmesothermicthedinosaurscouldbebothfastandbig.12.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theadvantageofcold-bloodedanimals.B.Thedisadvantagesofwarm-bloodedanimals.C.Thedifferencesbetweenwarm-andcold-bloodedanimals.D.Theadvantagesofbothwarm-andcold-bloodedanimals.13.Itcanbeinferredthatmesothermsgrow_______.A.asslowlyascold-bloodedanimalsB.asfastaswarm-bloodedanimalsC.slowerthancold-bloodedanimalsD.slowerthanwarm-bloodedanimals14.A.lionismentionedinthelastparagraphtostressthat________.A.dinonsaursmovedveryfastB.dinonaursarelargeanimalsC.dinosaursneededlessfoodtosurviveD.dinosaurshadtorelyonthesunforwarmth15.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.howdinosaursdisappearedB.thegrowthareasofdinosaursC.theappearanceandbehaviorofdinosaursD.ifdinosaurswerewarm-orcold-bloodedanimals
Afarmergrewsomevegetablesinhisgarden.Onedayhiswifewasillandhehadnomoney.Hehadtosellsomecabbagesandcarrotsinthemarket.Thenextmorninghetooktwobasketsofvegetablestotown.Butitwasraininghardthatafternoonandtherewerefewpeopleinthestreet.Whenhisvegetablesweresoldoutitwasdark.HeboughtsomemedicineandhurriedtohisvillagE.Onhiswayhomehesawapersonlyingonthesnow.Heplacedhisbasketsonthegroundandwasgoingtohelpthepersontogetup.Atthattimehefounditwasadeadmanandtherewasmuchbloodonhisbody.Hewassoafraidthatheranawayquicklywithouttakingthebasketswithhim.Thenextafternoonthefarmerwassenttothepolicestation.Havingshownthebasketsanofficerasked:Aretheseyours?Yessir.thefarmeransweredtimidly胆怯地.Haveyoukilledtheman?Nonosir.thefarmersaidinahurry.Whendidyouseethedeadman?Aboutsevenlastevening.Didyouseewhokilledtheman?NoSir.TheofficerbroughtoutaknifeandaskedHaveyouseenityet?NoSir.’Theofficerbecameangryandtoldthepolicementobeathimupandsendhimintoprison.Thateveningtheofficerwentontrying.PointingtotheknifeheaskedagainHaveyouseenityet?YesSir.TheofficerwashappyandaskedWhenandwhere?Isawitherethisafternoonsir.25.Thefarmerdecidedtosellthevegetablesto.A.buysomefoodforhisfamilyB.buysomemedicineforhiswifeC.gotoseeadoctorD.gotothecinema26.Thefarmerdidn’tsellouthisvegetablesuntiltheeveningbecause.A.theyweretoobadB.theywereveryexpensiveC.itrainedhardthatmorningD.fewpeoplelikedtogooutonsuchabadday27.Theofficertriedthefarmerto.Aknowwhohadkilledtheman.B.knowifhehadseenthedeadmanC.askwhenhesawthedeadmanD..askifhehadseentheknife
HumansmaynothavelandedonMars火星justyetbutthatisn’tstoppingaEuropeancompanyfromdevisingaplantosendfourpeopletotheRedPlanetwithinthenextfewyears.ThisprojectcalledMarsOneaimstosendasmallgroupofpeopletoMarsin2022andeventuallyestablishapermanentcolony殖民地ontheplanet.EverythingweneedtogotoMarsexistssaidMarsOneco-founderBasLansdorpinMarch2014.WehavetherocketstosendpeopletoMarstheequipmenttolandonMarstherobotstopreparethesettlementforhumans.Foraone-waymission任务allthetechnologyexists.YetthefourastronautschosenforthetripwillbestuckonMars—forever.AnddespiteMarsOne’sthoroughplanningthereareanumberofchallengesthatmaypreventthemissionfromevertakingplacE.Thebiggestroadblockcouldbethemission’shugecost$6billion.HoweverLansdorpisconfidentthatMarsOnewillbeabletofundtheprojectbysellingthebroadcastrightsforthemissionandsubsequentexperienceslivingontheplanet.ThosebroadcastrightswillalsoplayapartinhelpingtoselectthepeoplewhowillbesenttoMars.Lansdorpsaidthecompanywillholdaselectionprocesssimilartoarealityshow.Lansdorpisexpectingatleast1millionapplicationsfrompeoplearoundtheworlD.Inadditiontothecostseveralotherpotentialproblemscouldinhibit阻止themissiontoMars.It’sevenmorechallengingtosendpeopletherewithlifesupportwithfoodwithairwithalltheotherthingslikebooksentertainmentmeansofcommunicationandofprovidingfortheirownresourcesforalongstayonMarssaidAdamBakerseniorlecturerinspaceengineeringatKingstonUniversityinLondon.Thesizeoftherocketsyou’dneedtodothiswouldbeabsolutelycolossal.29.AccordingtoBasLansdorpwhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Robotsarepreparedforthesettlementforhumans.B.HecouldnotcomeupwiththefundforMarsOnE.C.WehumanshavetherocketstosendpeopletoMars.D.TheequipmentisreadyforhumanstolandonMars.30.Thewordcolossalinthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___________.A.verylargeB.verysmallC.mediumD.average31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ReadyforaRoundTriptoMarsB.ReadyforaShortVisittoMarsC.ReadyforaOne-wayTriptoMarsD.ReadyforaWalkonMars
Asweallknoweversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990sgeneticallymodifiedGM转基因foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworldmainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwouldisitthebestsolution?DespitewhatitpromisesGMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycrop.InfactstudiesshowthatthemostwidelygrownGMcropGMsoybeanshassufferedreducedproductivity.ForinstanceareportthatanalyzednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.SomethingelsehoweverhasbeenontheriseWhileGMseedsareexpensiveGMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides杀虫剂.OnthecontraryUSgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.ButneitheristruesaidBillChristisonPresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.AtthesametimetheauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproductionbutbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhiletheriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfoodaccordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.AsamatteroffactscientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworlD.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhungerbecausebetterwaysoutareavailableamongwhichgreenfarmingissupposedtobethefirstchoicE.67.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess68.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordboostinthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.control.B.evaluateC.increaseD.obtain.69.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.A.useoflesschemicalsB.practicinggreenfarmingC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel70.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.CasualD.Disapproving
500dogownersplayedthesamegamesathonethatresearchersuseinthelaboratoryandcontributeddatatoastudyofwhatgoesoninsidethemindsoftheirdogs.Inoneofthegame-liketeststhedogswatchedastheirownerhidfoodunderoneoftwocups.Thenwhilethedog'eveswerecoveredtheownerswitchedthefoodtotheothercup.AndtheownersfoundthatmostdogswenttowheretheylastsawthefooD.Theresulthasbeenrepeatedinsevendifferentresearchgroupsandmorethanadozendifferentstudies.MostpeoplethinkdogsusetheirsenseofsmellforeverythingaresearchersaiD.Butactuallydogsuseawholerangeofsenseswhensolvingproblems.ThedatawerecollectedthroughawebsitecalledDognilion.comthatwasdevelopedbyBrianHareanassociateprofessorwhostudiesdogcognition认知.AnalysisoftheunusuallylargedatasetcreatedbyDognitionhasalsofoundthatalldogshaveauniquesetofcognitive认知的skillsthattheyusetodealwiththeworldaroundthem.Somedogswerefoundtobegoodcommunicatorssomehadbettermemoriesandotherswerebetterattakingtheirowners'perspectivE.MostpeoplethinkofintelligenceasaglassthatismoreorlessfullHaresaiD.Butintelligenceismorelikeicecream.Everybodyhasdifferentflavors.Beinggoodatonethingdoesn’tmeanyouwillbegoodateverythingelsE.Haresaidthesekindsoffindingswereonlypossiblewiththebigdatasetsthatcitizenscientistswereabletooffer.SomuchispossiblewhenyouhavethismuchdataHaresaiD.I.’mlookingforwardtodogownersansweringallthebigquestionsthathavepuzzledscientistsfordecades.32.Whatdidmostdogsusetofindthehiddenfoodinthetest?A.Memory.B.Feeling.C.Ears.D.NosE.33.Dogownersactivelyparticipatedintheresearch_.A.toentertainthemselvesB.totesttheIQoftheirdogsC.totraintheirdogstobemoreintelligentD.tohelpfindoutdogs`problemsolvingskills'34.WhatcanweinferfromwhatHaresaid?A.Intelligenceisuniquetomananddogs.B.Dogsusethesamecognitiveskilltohandleproblems.C.Thereisstillsomethingaboutdogspuzzlingscientists.D.Dogsuseawholerangeofsenseswhensolingproblems.35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.DogsarenotascleverasexpecteD.B.Citizenscontributealottodogresearch.C.At-hometestsproducefindingsdifferentfromlaboratories.D.ProblemspuzzledscientistsfordecadeshavebeensolveD.
Doyouoftenfeeltiredinthemorningeventhoughyou’vebeeninbedforsevenoreighthoursthenightbefore?LikemanypeopleyouarenotsleepingasmuchasyouthinkyouarE.InotherwordsyoursleepefficiencyisnotthatgooD.Sleepexpertsdefinesleepefficiencyasthepercentageoftimelyingdownthatyouareactuallysleeping.AccordingtojournalismwebsiteVox.comthescienceofsleepefficiencyisstillyoung.Thereisnospecificnumberforefficiencythat’sbeenprovenaslinkedtopoorhealth.HoweveraccordingtoaNewYorkTimesreportaboutsleepqualitysomeexpertsestimatearoughrangeof85percentoraboveasareasonableplacetobE.Thereforesometipsforimprovingsleepefficiencyareasfollows:Keepaconsistent一致的sleepscheduleGotobedandwakeupatthesametimeorrelativelythesametimeeveryday.Consistencyiskeytoagoodnight’ssleepespeciallywhenitcomestowakingup.Whenyouhaveaconsistentwake-uptimeyourbrainadaptstothisandmovesthroughthesleepcycleinpreparationforyoutofeelrestedandalertatyourwakeuptimE.AvoidbluelightatnightBluelightgivenoffbythescreensofcomputersiPadsandsmartphonesmakesyoufeelmorealert.Bluelighttellsyourbrainit’sdaytimE.Expertssuggestturningoffyourcomputersandsmartphones1houroratleast30minutesbeforebeD.TakenapsIfyouaren’tgettingenoughsleepatnightyou’relikelygoingtofeelastrongdesiretosleepintheafternoon.Whenthishappensyou’rebetterofftakingashortnapthanturningtocaffeineorstrongteatokeepyouawakE.A.shortnapwillgiveyoutherestyouneedtogetthroughtherestoftheafternoonandyou’llsleepmuchbetterintheevening.21.Accordingtothepassagewecanlearnthatsleepefficiency.A.isanadvancedwaytomeasuresleepqualityB.hascloserelationshipwiththestateofhealthC.isdecidedbythetimeyouarelyinginbedD.canbegreatlyimprovedwithcertainmeasurestaken22.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoabettersleepintheevening?A.Takingalongafternoonnap.B.SleepingforawhileinthedaytimE.C.Havingafixedgo-to-bedtimE.D.Avoidingbluelightintheevening.23.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageA.Enoughsleepwillleadtoachangeablewake-uptimE.B.Bluelightwillaffectthesleepduetoitsharmtothebrains.C.Wakinguptwohoursbeforethebodyclocksmeansgoodsleepefficiency.D.90%forsleepefficiencycanpossiblymeanaquitegoodsleepstatE.24.Whatwillbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ScheduleyourbedtimE.B.Sleepwelltobewell.C.Ensurelongsleepinghours.D.Knowmoreaboutyoursleep.
Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana大麻.Thatisthestatementofresearcherswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuanaaccordingtoBritishresearcherswhohavedescribedthephenomenonofimprovedstupidityasinfomania.TheresearchconductedbyHewlettPackardthetechnologycompanyhasconcludedthatitismainlyaproblemforadultworkersespeciallymen.Itisconcludedthattoomuchuseofmoderntechnologycandamageaperson’sminD.Itcancauseaconstantdistractionofalwaysontechnologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.InfomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhanD.ThereportalsoaddedthatinalongtermthebrainwillbeconsiderablyshapedbywhatwedotoitandbytheexperienceofdailylifE.Atamicrocellularlevelthecomplexnetworksofnervecellsthatmakeuppartsofthebrainactuallychangeinresponsetocertainexperiences.Toomuchuseofmoderntechnologycanbedamagingnotonlytoaperson’smindbuttotheirsocialrelationship.1100adultswereinterviewedduringtheresearch.Morethan62percentofthemadmittedthattheywereaddictedtocheckingtheire-mailsandtextmessagessooftenthattheyscrutinizedwork-relatedonesevenwhenathomeoronholiday.Halfsaidthattheyalwaysrespondedimmediatelytoanemailandwilleveninterruptameetingtodoso.Itisconcludedthatinfomaniaisincreasingstressandanxietyandaffectingone’scharacteristics.Nineoutoftenthoughtthatcolleagueswhoanswerede-mailsormessagesduringaface-to-facemeetingwereextremelyrudE.TheeffectsonIQwerestudiedbyDrGlennWilsonapsychologistatUniversityofLondon.ThisisaveryrealandwidespreadphenomenonhesaiD.Wehavefoundthatinfomaniawilldamageaworker’sperformancebyreducingtheirmentalsharpnessandchangingtheirsociallifE.Companiesshouldencourageamorebalancedandappropriatewayofworking.32.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatinfomania______.A.hasapositiveinfluenceonone’sIQB.resultsinthechangeofpartofthebrainC.liesintheproblemoflackofconcentrationD.iscausedbytoomuchuseofmoderntechnology33.Theresearchmentionedinthepassageismostprobablyabout______.A.theimportantfunctionofadvancedtechnologyB.thedamagetoone’sbraindonebyunhealthyhabitsC.therelevancebetweenIQanduseofmoderntechnologyD.therelationshipbetweenintelligenceandworkingeffectiveness34.Theunderlinedwordscrutinizedprobablymeans______.A.examinedcarefullyB.copiedpatientlyC.correctedquicklyD.admittedfreely35.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanbecomparedtosmokingmarijuanA.B.Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanharmyourIQ.C.Moderntechnologycandamageaperson’sminD.D.Electronicmessageshavesideeffectsontheuser’slifE.
FortyyearsagoFinlandwasasmallcountrywithmediocrepublicschools.TodayFinlandisstillsmallbutnoonecallsFinland’spublicschoolsmediocreanymorE.In2000theFinnssurprisedtheworldwhentheir15-year-oldsscoredatthetopofacloselywatchedinternationalexamcalledthePISA.FinlandhasstayednearthetopeversincewhiletheU.S.scoresaroundthemiddlE.PasiSahlberganofficialwithFinland’sMinistryofEducationandCultureisinSeattlethisweektosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccessandwhatstateslikeWashingtoncanlearnfromit.Sahlberg’smessagealthoughheistoopolitetoputitsobluntly:Stoptestingsomuchtrustteachersmore;givelesshomework;shortentheschoolday.OnTuesdayinaroomfilledwithteachersprincipalsprofessorsschool-boardmembersandpolicymakersSahlbergjokedabouttheFinns’reputationforbeingaquiethumblepeoplE.WhenFinlandhitthetopofthePISAhesaidthebiggestdisbelieverswereFinns.MoreseriouslyFinlandneversetouttocreatetheworld’stopschoolsystem.Insteadhesaidthecountrydecidedinthe1970sthatitwantedtoensurethatastudent’ssuccessdidn’tdependonfamilybackgrounD.Finlandreliedoncooperationamongteachersandschoolsratherthanoncompetition.RatherthanjudgingteachersandschoolsbasedontestscoreshesaidFinlandputstrustinitsteachersandprincipals.TeachersdevelopthecurriculuminFinlandanddesigntheirowntests.Therearenonationaltestsexceptoneattheendofhighschool.That’sjustthestart.AlongwithashorterschooldayFinnishstudentsdon’tevenstartschooluntiltheyare7yearsolD.Manyprimaryschoolshaveapolicyagainstgivinghomework.ButFinlandhesaidsucceededinpartbyadoptingideasfromtheU.S.andothercountries.AndthosecountrieshesaidcanlearnfromFinlandtoo.25.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceaFinnishofficial.B.TocomparetheeducationsystemsofFinlandandtheUS.C.TosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccessineducation.D.ToasktheUStoimproveitseducation.26.PeoplefirstlearnedFinland’ssuccessineducationfrom_____.A.itsstudents’performanceinaninternationalexam.B.itsinternationalexchangeprorrams.C.lecturesgivenbyPasiSahlberg.D.itssmall-sizedpublicschools.27.WhichofthefollowingcancontributetoFinland’ssuccessineducation?A.Givingstudentsfewertests.B.Givingteachersmoretrust.C.Evaluatingstudents’familybackgrounds.D.Creatingtheworld’stopschoolsystem.E.StartingschoollatE.A.abcB.cdeC.abeD.bcd28.WhatPasiSahlergsaidinParagraph7suggestedthat______.A.childrenshouldstartschoolasearlyaspossiblE.B.competitionamongteachersmightbeharmfultoeducation.C.theUSeducationsystemisstillthemostadvanceD.D.it’snecessarytosetupanationalcurriculum.
CNN—Anultra-marathonertryingtorunfromFloridatoBermudainahuman-poweredinflatable充气的bubblewasrescuedSaturdaymorningafterhesignaledforhelptheCoastGuardsaiD.RezaBaluchiaccordingtohiswebsitehassetagoalofrunningacrossmorethan190recognizednationstoencourageworldpeacE.TheCoastGuardfirstencounteredBaluchionWednesdayafterreceivingareportaboutamaninabubbleoffthecoastofMiamidisorientedandaskingfordirectionstoBermudaaCoastGuardpressreleasesaiD.ItwasnotclearwhenhestartedhisadventurE.A.CoastGuardshipfoundBaluchi.Officialsdescribedthecraftasahydropodbubbleandamanina2013YouTubevideocalledaBaluchibubbleabighamsterwheel.ItmovedalongthegroundasBaluchiraninsidE.InthepressreleasetheCoastGuardsaidBaluchihadproteinbarsbottledwateraGPSandasatellitephonE.TheCoastGuardconveyedthevoyage’sdangersandaskedBaluchitoquithisjourneybecausehedidn’thaveenoughsupplies.Buthewouldn’tleavehisbubbleofficialssaiD.TheCoastGuardmonitoredhisprogressandonSaturdaymorningexhaustedBaluchiactivated激活hispersonallocatingbeacon灯塔theCoastGuardsaiD.A.CoastGuardairplaneandahelicopteralongwiththeboatMaerskMontanaweresenttorescueBaluchi70nauticalmileseastofSt.AugustinetheCoastGuardsaiD.HewasexhaustedandtakentotheCoastGuardairstationwherehismedicalconditionwasevaluateD.TherewerenoreportedinjuriestheCoastGuardsaiD.PartofhiseffortwastomakeworldpeacebuthegotcaughtupintheGulfStreamsaidCoastGuardpublicaffairsspecialistMarkBarney.ThechancesofmusclingoutoftheGulfStreamwereprettylow.BaluchicouldnotbereachedforcommentbutavideopostedonBaluchi’sFacebookpagedescribedhisplanstotravelinthebubbleacrosstheCaribbeanaswellashisotherathleticexploits.TheCNN.comstoryquotedBaluchisayinghe’drunacrosstheUnitedStatestwiceandarounditsborderoncE.HesaidhefledIrantoescapepersecution__.NowheisanAmericancitizen.21.WhathappenedtoBaluchiwhenhefirstencounteredtheCoastGuard?A.Hewasconfusedaboutwhichdirectionheshouldgo.B.Hisbubblewasbroken.C.HewasexhaustedbytheadventurE.D.Heactivatedhislocatingbeacon.22.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat__________.A.TheCoastGuardadvisedBaluchitoquitthejourneybecausetheweatherwasterriblE.B.Baluchiendedhisjourneysincehehadn’tenoughsupplies.C.InthepressreleaseBaluchidescribedhisplantocrosstheCaribbeaninthebubblE.D.AlthoughBaluchiwasexhaustedtherewerenoreportedinjuriesafterhisbeingrescueD.23.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRezaBaluchi’spersonality?A.OptimisticB.AdventurousC.HardworkingD.DevoteD.
Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops笔记本电脑.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornotetakingbecauseofspeedandlegibility清晰度.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.ResearchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotesmindlesslybytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaiD.Inthefirstexperimentstudentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnotetakingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalktheywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.TheresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhanD.Howeverthetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers'reportsaidWhilemorenotesarebeneficialifthenotesaretakenmindlesslyasismorelikelythecaseonalaptopthebenefitdisappears.InanotherexperimentaimedattestinglongtermmemorystudentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecturE.Thistimethestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstandingbutthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture33.Whiletakingnoteslaptopuserstendtobe________.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless34.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto________.A.examinetheimportanceoflongtermmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptops35.Thepassageislikelytoappearin________.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport
Bathsandbathinghavelongbeenconsideredofmedicalimportancetoman.InGreecetherearetheruinsofawatersystemforbathsbuiltover3000yearsago.TheRomanshadwarmpublicbaths.Insomebathsasmany3000personscouldbatheatthesametimE.Treatingdiseasebytakingbathinghasbeenpopularforcenturies.ModernmedicalbathingfirstbecamepopularinEuropeandbythelate1700’shasalsobecomepopularintheUnitedStates.Formanyyearsfrequentbathingwasbelievedtobebadforone’shealth.Ordinarybathingjusttokeepcleanwasavoidedandperfumewasoftenusedtocoverupbodysmells!Bythe1700’sdoctorsbegantosaythatsoapandwaterweregoodforhealth.Theybelievedthatitwasgoodforpeopletobeclean.Slowlypeoplebegantobathemorefrequently.DuringtheVictorianAgeofthelate19thcenturytakingabathonSaturdaynightbecamecommon.IntheUnitedStatesordinarybathingwasslowtobecomepopular.Duringthe18thandearly19thcenturiesmanyAmericanswereknownasTheGreatUnwashed!InoneAmericancityforexampleapersonwasonlyallowedtotakeabatheverythirtydays!Thatwasalaw!Frequencyofbathingtodayispartlyamatterofhabit.Peopleknowthatbathingforcleanlinessisimportanttohealth.Doctorsknowthatdirtybodiesincreasethechanceofdiseases.AsaresultintheUnitedStatespeoplegenerallybatheoften.Somepeoplebatheonceadayatleast.Theyconsideradailybathessentialtogoodhealth.25.Inthe18thcenturydoctorsbelievedthatbeingcleanwas________.A.unimportantB.harmfulC.goodforhealthD.popular26.DuringtheVictorianAge________.A.theBritishpeoplegenerallytookabathonceaweek.B.frequentbathingwasavoidedC.peopleusedperfumetocoverupbodysmellsafterbathingD.theAmericansevertookabatheverythirtydays27.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.bathingintheUSAB.thegoodpointsandbadpointsofbathingC.themodernmedicalbathingD.thehistoryofbathing
Owningasmartphonemaynotbeassmartasyouthink.ItmayletyousurftheInternetlistentomusicandsnapphotoswhereveryouarebutitalsoturnsyouintoaworkaholicitseems.A.studysuggeststhatbygivingyouaccesstoemailsatalltimestheall-singingall-dancingmobilephoneaddsasmuchastwohourstoyourworkingday.ResearchersfoundthatBritonsworkanadditional460hoursayearonaverageastheyareabletorespondtoemailsontheirmobiles.ThestudybytechnologyretailerPixmaniarevealstheaverageUKworkingdayisbetween9and10hoursbutafurthertwohoursisspentrespondingtoorsendingworkemailsormakingworkcalls.Morethan90percentofofficeworkershaveemail-enabledphoneswithathirdaccessingthemmorethan20timesaday.Almostoneintenadmitsspendinguptothreehoursoutsidetheirnormalworkingdaycheckingworkemails.Someworkersconfess承认theyareoncallalmost24hoursadaywithnineoutoftensayingtheymakeworkemailsandcallsoutsidetheirnormalworkinghours.Theaveragetimeforfirstcheckingemailsisbetween6A.m.and7A.m.withmorethanathirdcheckingtheirfirstemailsinthisperiodandaquartercheckingthembetween11p.m.andmidnight.GhadiHobeikamarketingdirectorofPixmaniasaidTheabilitytoaccessliterallymillionsofappskeepincontactviasocialnetworksandtakephotosandvideoaswellastextandcallhasmadesmartphonesinvaluableformanypeoplE.Howevertherearedrawbacks.Manycompaniesexpecttheiremployeestobeoncall24hoursadaysevendaysaweekandsmartphonesmeanthatpeopleliterallycannotgetawayfromwork.Themoreconstantlyincontactwebecomethemoreisexpectedofusinaworkcapacity容量.29.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.AllthatglittersisnotgolD.B.Itneverrainsbutpours.C.Everycoinshastwosides.D.It’snogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.30.Theunderlinedwordaccessinginthethirdparagraphcanbereplacedby________.A.callingB.reachingC.gettingD.using31.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.TheaverageUKworkingtimeisbetweennineandtwelvehours.B.Nine-tenthsspentoverthreehourscheckingworkemails.C.One-fourthchecktheirfirstmailbetween11p.m.andmidnight.D.Theaveragetimeforfirstcheckingemailsisbetween6A.m.and8.am..32.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Workaholicslikesmartphones.B.Smartphonesbringaboutextrawork.C.Smartphonesmakeourlifeeasier.D.Employersdon’tlikesmartphones.
Teenagersareoftenadifficultgroup.Withallthosehormones荷尔蒙floodingtheirbodiestheycanbemoodyunpredictableandtendtomakeuncertainchoices.Buthoweverconfusingtheirteenageyearsarekidscanstillbegenerallyhappydependingontheirlifestylechoices.AccordingtoanewresearchbyBritishscientiststeenswhodon’tsmokedrinkonlymoderatelyornotatallandwhodon’teatmuchjunkfoodarelikelytobehappierthanotherteens.Thestudylookedat40000Britishfamiliesandcameupwithsomeinterestingfindings.Forexamplekidswhoneverdrankalcoholwereuptosixtimesmorelikelytoreporthigherlevelsofhappinessthankidswhodrank.Andteenswhosmokedwerefivetimeslesslikelytoratehighonhappinesschartscomparedtokidswhodon’tsmokE.Samegoesfordietandphysicalactivity.ThemorefruitsandvegetableskidseatandthemorehourstheyspendplayingsportsthehappiertheyarE.Nowofcoursethisdoesn’tmeanthatnotsmokingordrinkingandplayingsportsguaranteeshappiness.Itcouldbethatkidswhohavehappycharactertendtobemoreactiveandlessaddictedtodrinkingorsmoking.AnditcouldequallybethecasethatkidswhoareunhappyaremorerelatedtodrinkingandsmokingandeatingjunkfooD.Otherstudieshaveshownthatexerciseisaprovenwaytotreatanxietyanddepression.Futurestudiesmaysupporttheideathatotherhealthfulbehaviorsincludingrefraining克制fromsmokingdrinkingandeatingtoomuchjunkcanavoidsadnessandincreasehappinesstoo.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Notsmokingordrinkingguaranteeshappiness.B.Teenswithfloodinghormonescannotbehappy.C.Playingsportscandecreaseteen’sunhappiness.D.Unhappinesscancertainlyresultinsmokinganddrinking.26.Whichofthefollowingmighthelpteensquitanxiety?A.Smokinganddrinking.B.TakingexercisE.C.EatingjunkfooD.D.Goingonadiet.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Waystotreatanxietyanddepression.B.Exerciseandteenagers’health.C.Teenagersshouldn’tdrinkorsmokE.D.Teenagers’lifestyleandtheirhappiness.
Anearthquakeisatremblingorshakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenrelease释放ofenergystoredintherocksbelowthesurfacE.Generallyearthquakeslastonlyseconds.Stronggroundshakingduringamediumtolargeearthquakegenerallylastsabout10to30seconds.After-shocks余震canoccuronceinawhileforweeksorevenmonths.Manypeoplethinkthatthereisanearthquakeseasonorakindofearthquakeweather.Asamatteroffactthereisn’t.Earthquakescanoccuratanytimeoftheyearandatanytimeofthedayornight.Earthquakesoccurunderallweatherconditions—sunnywethotorcold—withoutanyspecialweathertendency倾向.Alsoyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutthatthegroundwillopenupandswallowpeoplewhenearthquakesoccur.Opengroundcracksmayformduringanearthquake—relatedforexampletolandslidingorgroundfalling;howeversuchcrackstendtobeopengaps间隙theydon’tswallowthatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisinanopenfieldwherenothingcanfallonyou.Earthquakesdonotinjureorkillpeoplebutbuildingsandfallingobjectsdo.Ifyouareindoorswhenyoufeelthegroundstarttoshaketakecoverimmediatelyunderatableorstrongpieceoffurnitureplacingsomethingbetweenfallingobjectsandyourself.Donotattempttousethestairsoranelevatortogetoutofthebuilding.29.Thereasonwhythereisn’tearthquakeweatheristhat______.A.anearthquakeonlylastssecondsanddoesn’thappenfrequentlyB.earthquakesdon’tchangewiththeseasonsC.whenanearthquakehappensisrelatedtotheweatherD.anearthquakecanhappenatanytimeandinanykindofweather30.TheunderlinedwordswallowinParagraph3probablymeans________.A.makesB.frightenedB.takesB./sth.inC.makeroomforsB.tostandinD.makethegroundslide31.DuringanearthquakewhichofthefollowingthingsshouldyouNOTdo?A.FindanopenfieldandstaytherE.B.Takeanelevator.C.TakecoverunderatablE.D.Stayawayfrombuildings.32.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.A.tellpeoplewhatanearthquakeisB.argueiftherereallyisearthquakeweatherC.tellusabouttheearthquakeandwhattodowhenithappensD.giveussomesuggestionsonwhattododuringanearthquake
SixSigmaisaprocessthathelpscompaniesfocusondevelopinganddeliveringnear-perfectproductsandservices.Thewordsigmaisastatisticaltermthatmeasureshowfaragivenprocessfallsshortofperfection.ThecentralideabehindSixSigmaisthatifacompanycanmeasurehowmanydefectstheyhaveinacommercialproductionprocesstheycansystematicallyfigureouthowtogetridoftheproblemsandgetasclosetozerodefectsaspossible.TrainingandteamworkarefundamentalelementsoftheSixSigmamethodology.InotherwordscompaniesneedtohavetheirteamleadersandteammemberstrainedtocarryouttheSixSigmaprocesses.Theymustlearntousethemeasurementandimprovementtools.Theyalsoneedtolearncommunicationskillsnecessaryforthemtoinvolvecustomersandsuppliersandtoservetheirneeds.SixSigmawasdevelopedin1986byMotorolaanAmericantelecommunicationscompany.EngineersinMotorolauseditasaninformalnameforaplantoreducefaultsinproductionprocesses.AfewyearslaterMotorolaextendedthenameSixSigmatomeanageneralperformanceimprovementmethodbeyondpurelydefectreductionintheproductionprocess.In1995JackWelchCEOofGeneralElectricsGEdecidedtoadoptSixSigmainGEandby1998GEclaimedthatSixSigmahadbroughtaboutoverthree-quartersofabilliondollarsofcostsavings.By2000SixSigmawaseffectivelyestablishedasanindustryinitsownrightinvolvingthetrainingconsultancyandpracticingofSixSigmamethodologyinallsortsoforganizationsaroundtheworld.Organizationsasdiverseaslocalgovernmentsprisonshospitalsthearmedforcesbanksandmulti-nationalcorporationshavebeenadoptingSixSigmaforqualityandprocessimprovement.32.AccordingtothepassagewhatisSixSigma?A.Adigitaldevicetospeedupproductionprocesses.B.Asetoftechniquesforqualityandprocessimprovement.C.Aprogramfortrainingbusinessleadersandemployees.D.Anear-perfectprocessinbusinesscommunication.33.TheunderlinedworddefectsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.faultsB.ideasC.measuresD.products34.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Teamleadersareresponsiblefortraining.B.Measurementandimprovementtoolsmustbeused.C.It’snecessarytolearncommunicationskills.D.It’simportanttohaveawell-trainedteam.35.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.SixSigmawasinventedbyJackWelch.B.SixSigmahasexistedforabout30years.C.GeneralElectricsbegantoadoptSixSigmain1998.D.SixSigmaisadoptedonlybyinternationalcorporations.
AssealevelsclimbevenWashingtonD.C.couldseemorefrequentandwidespreadfloodingathightidE.Strongstormsandhighwindssometimesbringfloodstocoastalareas.ButcitiesandtownsalongtheUSEastCoastarefloodingevenincalmandsunnyweather.AmongthemisMaryland’scapitalAnnapolis.Touriststheremustsometimeswalkthroughwaterfloodingdowntownstreetssurroundingthehabor.SometimeswatercoversroadsinAtlanticCityN.J.EventheyardsandbasementsofcoastalhomesnearNewYorkCitysometimesflooD.Allaresufferingfromthistrend-----normalhightidessurpass超过arisingsealevelSealevelshaveclimbedonaverageabout20centimeters8inchesoverthepast135years.AndasharpincreaseintidefloodingisoneofthemorevisibleimpactsaffectingmanycoastalareasnotesWilliamSweetanoceanographer.Sweetandhisco-workersrecentlyanalyzeddatafrom45tidegauges计量表alongtheUScoasts.Thesetoolsrecordthechangingheightsoftidesastheyriseandfall.FromthesedataSweet’steamcalculatedthenumberoftroublesomefloodsinvariouscoastalcities.ThesefloodsSweetexplainstypicallyoccurwhenwaterlevelisabout30centimeters1footabovethehistoriclevelofthehighesttides.InJune2014theteamreportedfindingagrowingriseinthesefloodingevents.InCharlestonS.Cfrom1957to1963thecityexperiencedtroublesomefloodsanaverageof4.6daysperyear.Burfrom2007to2013theoccurringrateoftroublesomefloodsjumpedfivetimes.Annapoliscitywasevenmoreserious.From1957to1963troublesomefloodswereroughly3.8daysperyear.From2007to2013theaveragewas10timeshigher---39.3daysayear.OverthenextfewdecadesclimatechangeprobablydrivessealevelsevenhigherSweetsays.Sotoday’sfloodingproblemspromisetobecomeonlymorewidespreadandfrequent.28.WhatisParagraph2mainlydevelopedby?A.Usingexamples.B.Analyzingcauses.C.Makingcomparisons.D.Followingtimeorder.29.Whyaremorefloodingproblemscaused?A.Becausetheriverlevelshavebeenclimbing.B.Becauseclimatehaschangedovertheyears.C.BecausetheweatherconditionsarenotstablE.D.Becausepeoplearelivingtooclosetoharbors.30.WhatcanitbeinferredaccordingtodatainParagraph5?A.Therehasbeenagrowingriseintheseanalyzedfloodingevevts.B.ThechangesofheightsoftidesareusuallyinasmallrangE.C.Thefloodsincoastalcitiesoftenoccurwhenwaterlevelisabove1foot.D.Thenumberoftroublesomefloodsgraduallygetsless.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Sweet’steamB.A.floodresearch.C.TheUSEastCoast.D.Americanoceanographers.
Londonhasbecomeacycle-friendlyzoneafterthelaunch启动ofanewbikehireschemE.IthasbeendesignedtoencouragemorepeopletocycleinandaroundcentralLondon.SohowdoesitworkFirstyouhavetosignuptotheschemetobesentakey.Thekeywillunlockoneofthebikeswhicharekeptatdockingstations系泊系统inandaroundcentralLondon.YouhavetopayanaccessfeeforthekeyandthenyoupayasyougoforthelengthoftimeyouusethebikE.TransportforLondonwhichrunstheschemearehopingtohave6000bikesand400dockingstationsinplacebytheendoftheyear.ThenewhiresystemishopingtoeasetrafficjamsinLondonandisexpectedtocreateupto40000extracycletripsadayintothecitycentrE.LondonMayorBorisJohnstonlaunchedtheschemeandsaidLondonhasbeenfilledwiththousandsofgleaming闪闪发光的machinesthatwilltransformthelookandfeelofourstreetandbecomeascommonplaceonourroadsasblackcabsandredbuses.HowevertherehavebeenafewproblemssincetheschemewaslaunchedlastFriday.Onthefirstdaysomepeoplefoundtheycouldn’tdocktheirbikeproperlyandtheirusageofthebikehadnotregistereD.TransportforLondondidadmittheyhadbeenexpectingafewteethingproblemsandhavesaidtheywouldnotchargeforthefirstdayasagestureofgoodwill.Someotherpeoplehavecriticizedthelackofdockingstationsandlocksforthebikesaswellasthepriceitcoststohirethebicycles.Despitethecommentsthegreen-thinkingLondonMayorstillsayswithcertaintyMycrusadeforthecapitaltobecomethegreatestbigcyclingcityintheworldhastakenagreatpedal-poweredpushforwards.21.WhatistheaimofthenewbikehireschemeinLondon?A.TopromotethebicycleindustryinLondon.B.TomakeLondonseemmorefriendly.C.ToreducetheairpollutioninLondonD.TorelievethetrafficprobleminLondon.22.WhatisNottheproblemhappeningsincetheschemewascarriedout?A.Peoplecouldn’tfindtheregisteredbicycles.B.Somepeoplecouldn’tdockbikesproperly.C.Dockingstationisnotenoughatall.D.Thechargesforhiringbikesaretoohigh.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseprobablymean?A.Difficultiesincarryingoutaplan.B.CriticismfromallthepeoplE.C.Toothdecaysorothertoothdiseases.D.Quarrelsfrombothsides.24.LondonMayor’sattitudetowardsthenewbikehireschemeisprobably__________.A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.indifferentD.critical
Technologyischangingourlives.Ourpresentaerospace航天航空companiesaregraduallydisappearingasprivatespaceconcernsarebeingborneveryday.I'mgoingtodiscussthreespacebasedbusinessesthataresuretosooninfluenceusall.Firstwehavetomakespacetravelcheaplyandsafely.EnginedesignisthemainchallengE.Tomakemoneyinspacethecostofspacetravelwillhavetodiminish减少.ThisproblemwillbethemostdifficulttosolvE.LiquidfueledrocketsaretheonlywaytogetoutofEarth'sorbit.FindingnewwaystopowertheflighttospaceisalsoanotherbigchallengE.Findingthekeytocheapspacetravelmightbethebiggeststoryofourtimes.Therearealotofgreatmindsworkingonthisproblem.Andcompaniesarepouringmoneyintoresearchanddevelopment.Inthenextfewyearswe'llseethefirstsuborbitaltourist.Andnotlongafterthatweshouldreallystarttoseenewandexcitingthingsascompetitionheatsup.Spacecraftdesignandproductionwillnaturallyfollowrockettechnology.Allsortsofcraftswillbeneededforthewideusesthey'llbetaskedwith.SeveralcompaniesintheUnitedStateshavealreadymadesmalllowcosttestvehicles.Resourcesinspacewillprovidegreatminingprofitstothosewhocanaffordthecostofsettingupsuchahugeoperation.Canyouimaginefindingahugeasteroid小行星ofpuregold?Thebenefittomankindislimitless.MiningonotherplanetslikeMarsalsoaddsCO2intotheverythinatmospherE.OvertimethiscanleadtotheformationofanatmospheresimilartoEarth's.Spaceisgoingtoofferusuntoldopportunityandwealth.ButthisisonlygoingtooccurifwealthyinvestorsstepforwardandfundthefirststepsforwarD.ItiscertainthattechnologywilltakeustoworldswecouldneverhaveimagineD.32.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thefutureofspacetravelB.thecostofspacetravelinthefutureC.thedevelopmentofspacecraftsD.cheaptravelinthefuture33.Whatshouldbedonefirsttomaketravelinspacecheapandsafe?A.AdirectroutefromEarthtootherstarsshouldbefounD.B.Somenewkindsoffuelshouldbeusedintherockets.C.Newmaterialshouldbeusedtobuildtherockets.D.NewrocketenginesshouldbedesigneD.34.Accordingtothepassageminingonotherplanetsmighthelp________.A.increasethetravelbenefitsthereB.formtheatmospherelikeEarth'sthereC.bringsomenewspeciesthereD.createmorejobopportunitiesthere35.Accordingtothepassagethespacebasedbusinessesare________.A.likelyB.imaginaryC.unbelievableD.valuable
FinallyacellphoneThat's...aphoneWithratesaslowas$3.75perweek!WellIfinallydidit.IfinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetacellphonE.MykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedownandIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecellphonestoreIalmostchangedmyminD.Thephonesallhavecamerascomputersandaglobal-positioningsomethingorotherthat'ssupposedtospotmefromspacE.GoodnessallIwanttodoistobeabletotalktomygrandkids!Thepeopleatthestoreweren'tmuchhelp.Theycouldn'tunderstandwhysomeonewouldn'twantaphonethesizeofapostagestamp.Andtherateplans!Theywereconfusingandexpensive...andthecontract合同lastedfortwoyears!I'dalmostgivenupuntilafriendtoldmeabouthernewJitterbugphonE.NowIhavetheconvenienceandsafetyofbeingabouttostayintouch---withaphoneIcanactuallyusE.AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign签订！UnlikeothercellphonesJitterbughasplansthatmakesensE.WhyshouldIpayforminutesI'mnevergoingtouse?AndifIdotalkmorethanIplanIwon'tfindmyselfwithnominuteslikemyfriendwhohasaprepaidphonE.Bestofallthereisnocontracttosign—soI'mnotlockedinforyearsatatimE.TheUS-basedcustomerserviceissecondtononE.Andthephonegetsserviceanywhereinthecountry.MonthlyMinutes50100MonthlyRate$14.99$19.99911AccessFREEFREELongDistanceCallsNoadditionalchargeNoadditionalchargeFriendlyReturnPolicy30days30daysCallnowandreceiveaFREEgiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudon'tloveitjustreturnit!WhywaittheJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.Ifyouaren'tashappywithitasIamyoucanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.CallnowtheJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call1-888-809-8794orvisitwww.jitterbugdirect.com.25.WhatmadeIfinallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonesalespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.26.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutestheJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_______.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99D.$19.9927.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_______.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworldD.itsglobal-positioningsystemwith911access28.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.tellacustomer'sstoryofJitterbugB.providetwowaystoorderJitterbugC.giveabriefintroductionofJitterbugD.attractpotentialcustomerstoJitterbug
HuntingThedaysofthehunterarealmostoverinIndiA.Thisispartlybecausethereispracticallynothinglefttokillandpartlybecausesomestepshavebeentakenmainlybybanningtiger-shootingtoprotectthoseanimalswhichstillsurvivE.SomepeoplesaythatManisnaturallyahunter.Idisagreewiththisview.Surelyoutearliestforefatherswhoatfirstpossessednoweaponsspenttheirtimediggingforrootsandwerenodoubtthemselvesoftenhuntedbymeat-eatinganimals.Ibelievethemainreasonwhythemodernhunterkillsisthathethinkspeoplewilladmirehiscourageinoverpoweringdangerousanimals.OfcoursetherearesomewhotrulybelievethatthekillingisnotreallytheimportantthingandthatthechiefpleasureliesinthejoyofthehuntandthebeautiesofthewildcountrysidE.Therearealsothoseforwhomhuntinginfactoffersachancetoprovethemselvesandriskdeathbydesign;thesemengooutafterdangerousanimalsliketigerseveniftheysaytheyonlydoittoridthecountrysideofathreat.Icanrespectreasonslikethesebuttheyareclearlydifferentfromtheneedtostrengthenyourhighopinionofyourself.Thegreatestbig-gamehuntersexpressedintheirwritingssomethingofthesefinermotives动机.OneofthemwrotE.Youmustproperlyrespectwhatyouareafterandshootitcleanlyandontheanimal’sownterritory领地Youmustfixforeverinyourmindallthewondersofthatparticularday.ThisisbetterthanlettinghimgrowafewyearsoldertobeattackedandwoundedbyhisownsonandeventuallyeatenhalfalivebyotheranimalsHuntingisnotacruelandsenselesskilling–notifyourespectthethingyoukillnotifyoukilltoenrichyourmemoriesnotifyoukilltofeedyourpeoplE.Icanunderstandsuchbeliefsandcancomparethesehunterswiththosewhohuntedlionswithspears矛andbravelycaughtthembythetail.Butthisisverydifferentfrommanytiger—shootsIhaveseeninwhichmodernweaponswereuseD.Theso—calledhuntersfiredfromtalltreesorfromthebacksoftrainedelephants.Suchmethodsmadetigersseemnomoredangerousthanrabbits.25.ThereisnomorehuntinginIndianowpartlybecause___.A.itisdangeroustohuntthereB.huntingisalreadyoutofdateC.hunterswanttoprotectanimalsD.therearefewanimalslefttohunt26.Theauthorthinksmodernhunterskillmainly____.A.tomakethecountrysidesafeB.toearnpeople’sadmirationC.togainpowerandinfluenceD.toimprovetheirhealth27.Whatdowelearnaboutthebig-gamehunters?A.TheyhuntoldanimalsB.TheymistreatanimalsC.TheyhuntforfoodD.Theyhuntformoney28.Whatistheauthor’sviewonthetiger-shootshehasseen?A.Modernhunterslackthecouragetohuntface-to-faceB.ModernhuntersshouldusemoreadvancedweaponsC.ModernhuntersliketohuntrabbitsinsteadoftigersD.Modernhuntersshouldputtheirsafetyfirst
Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplacessomeofthecountry'smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe2500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritainalmost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridorswaitingareasandtreatmentrooms.TheserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartistPeterSeniorwhosetuphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringtheearly1970s.HefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsocietyandthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudiencE.Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseachweek.Whatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?Seniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaoftheManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain'sfirsthospitalartistSeniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitorexperiencesafullviewoffreshcolorsplayfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.A.studyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.32.Accordingtothepassagetosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildingsmeans______.A.topulldownhospitalbuildingsB.todecoratehospitalswithartcollectionsC.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitalsD.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround33.AccordingtoPeterSenior_______.A.artisnotasimportantinpeople’sdailylifeasinhospitalB.artgalleriesshouldbechangedintohospitalsC.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpaintingD.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospitals34.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment_______.A.patientsnolongerneedexpensivedrugsintheirrecoveryB.patientsarelessdependentonexpensivedrugsintheirrecoveryC.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecoveryD.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecoverythanbefore35.ThefactthatSeniorisingreatdemandshowsthat_______.A.Peter'senterpriseisdevelopinggreatlyB.PeterSeniorenjoysgreatpopularityC.heisatalentedhospitalartistD.theroleofhospitalenvironmentisbeingrecognized
ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth’satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth’smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind’smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth’smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenish-whitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth’smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind’smagneticfieldC.theEarth’sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind’schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth’spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenish-whiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth’smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora’scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.
WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdiedIcouldn’tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeupmylaughturnedintocrying..Soitcameasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingcomefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantagesscientistsarediscoveringthatsotoodoescrying.Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotional情感的healthandcryingseemstostudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.BesidestearsattracthelpfromotherpeoplE.Researchersagreethatwhenwecrypeoplearoundusbecomekinderandfriendlyandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandcomfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter;sometimeswedon'tevenknowwe'reverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcryingandthenwecandealwiththem.Justascryingcanbehealthynotcrying—holdingbacktearsofangerpainorsuffering—canbebadforphysical身体的healthStudieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressureheartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblemdoctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecryingdon'tfightit.It'sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse反应.48.Whydidn'ttheauthorcrywhenhergrandmotherdied?A.BecauseherfatherdidnotwanthertofeeltoosaD.B.Becauseshedidnotlovehergrandmother.C.BecauseshewastooshytocryatthattimE.D.Theauthordoesn’tgivetheexplanation.49.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.WemustcryifwewanttoreducepressurE.50.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PowerofTearsB.HowtoKeepHealthyC.WhyWeCryD.A.NewScientificDiscovery
Storeshelvesarefillingupwithso-calledgreenproductspromisingtobenefittheenvironment.A.recentargumentshowsthatitcanbeasdifficultforbuyerstoconfirmsuchstatementasforproducerstodefendthem.TheargumentconcernstheGreenPlugElectricitySaver.TheGreenPlugissupposedtopreventenergywastebyelectricalequipmentwhoseconstant-speedmotorsoperateatlessfullload---asisespeciallytrueofolderrefrigerators.Researchshowedthatsuchmotorscanbemadetodothesameworkwithlessheatnoiseandpowerconsumptionjustbyloweringthevoltage电压ofthepowersupply.JohnandWyckHaystartedGreenTechnologiestoapplythatfindingtohomeappliances.IntheUSAtherearemorethan140millionrefrigeratorsinuseaccountingforanaverageof16%ofthehouseholdelectricbill.TwoyearsofresearchresultedintheGreenPlug.Connectingbetweenwallsocketandrefrigeratortheequipmentcontainsaminicomputerthatgivesamotorfullpower120voltsonaverageforstart-upthenreducesthepowerto106volts.OlderrefrigeratorsarethemostoverpoweredandthussavethemostenergywithaGreenPlug.Refrigeratorslessthantwoyearsoldarealreadyenergy-savingthataGreenPlugactuallymakesthemwasteelectricity.ThehigherthevoltagethelargerthedifferenceaGreenPlugmakes.HigherpowercostsshortenthepaybacktimE.Thepopulation-weightednationalaverageis10centsperkilowatt-hour.ButsomeresidentsinWashingtonStatepay1.5cents.SomeinAlaskapay41.6cents.Thencomehighlyindividualhouseholddifferenceslikethenumberofchildrenorrefrigerator-openingagE.AllinalltheGreenPlugshouldsavetheaverageconsumer$20ayear.AlthoughtheGreenPlugloweredthevoltageasitwasdesignedtodoConsumerReportsaninfluentialmagazinequestionedhowquickly---ifever---electricitysavingsduetotheplugwouldrepayitscost.Peoplewouldbebetteroffbuyinganewhigh-efficiencyrefrigeratorthemagazineadviseD.ConsumerReportsalsosaidthattheGreenPlugdidn’tgiveapromised25%savingsworth$50ayear.Thesavingsontheoldestmodelwasthebestat8.6%worth$20ayear.GreenTechnologiesorderedtestsoftheGreenPlugonupto2800refrigeratorsthroughnextyear.Thecompanywillnotputthatdatainstores.InsteadpotentialbuyerswillcalltolearnhowtheirmodelofrefrigeratorperformeD.Meanwhilethereislittleevidenceofconsumerdissatisfaction.Salestopped45000unitslastmonth.Thereturnrateislessthan0.2%.32.TheGreenPlugonstoreshelvesareduemostlyto__________.A.anincreasedconcernabouttheenvironmentB.ademandformoney-savingtechnologyC.thehighcostofelectricalpowerD.theshortageofpowersupply33.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreenPlug?A.ItisespeciallydesignedforoldrefrigeratorsB.Itcan’tguaranteelowerelectricbillsC.ItworkswellwithallhomeappliancesD.Itdoesn’tfunctionwithlowervoltage34.IntheGreenPlugargumentthemagazineConsumerReports__________.A.advocatesfortheGreenPlugB.suggestsGreenTechnologiesnevertellthetruthC.doubtstheeffectoftheGreenPlugD.informsthepublicofdifferentopinions35.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor___________.A.feelsoptimisticaboutthefutureofGreenPlug.B.believestheGreenPlughascheatedcustomers.C.encouragesfurtherinvestigation.D.holdsanobjectiveattitudetotheissuE.
Allanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:theyarelistedonsomeoneelse'smenuandalwaysruntheriskofendingupassomeoneelse'slunchdinnerorsnack.Toprotectthemselvesfrombeingeatenandtosurviveinthewildmanyanimalshavedevelopedcleverwaystoescapefromoravoiddanger.LikehumanbeingsanimalsoftentrytohideorrunawaywhentheyarebeingattackeD.Manyanimalshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentinsuchawaythattheycanhidebetter.HavingtherightcolourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Manyanimalshavethesameorsimilarcolourastheirenvironmentmakingitmoredifficultforotheranimalstofindthem.Somecanchangecolourveryquicklyeveninafewseconds.OtheranimalsandinsectshaveabodyshapethathelpsthemhidE.Someinsectslookjustlikeasmallstickandcaneasilyhideinatreeorbush.Ifitistoolatetohideorrunawayananimalmustuseothermethodstosurviveanattack.OnetypeofsnakethatlivesinTexashasdevelopedaninterestingwaytodefenditself.IfitisattackeditfirstmakesitselflookbiggerandpretendstobeadangeroussnakE.Ifthatdoesn'tworkthesnakeusesanothertrick:itrollsoveropensitsmouthandactsasifitweredeaD.ThesnakeissuchagoodactorthatitseemsquitedeaD.Ifsomeonepicksitupithangslikearopeanddoesn'tmovE.HoweverifyourollitbackonitsstomachitwillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.Anotherwaytosurviveanattackistohaveusefulbodyparts.Theturtlehasathickshellthatprotectsitfromitsenemiesandotheranimalshaveteethclawsandhornsthattheycanusetodefendthemselves.Therearealsoanimalsthatcanusetheirtailstofightoffattackers.A.longtailcanbeusedtohitanattackerandthereisevenananimalwhosetailwillbreakoffsothatitcanrunawayifsomeonegrabs抓住it.Thebestwaytostaysafeistodevelopawaytoreceiveanearlywarningwhendangercomes.Manyanimalsstaytogetherinlargegroupsandusesoundsandbodylanguagetowarneachotheriftheyseeorhearsomethingsuspicious.SomeanimalsevenworktogetherwithotherspeciestostaysafE.Thebirdsyouoftenseeonthebackofawaterbuffalohaveanimportantjob:theyhelpwarnthebuffaloofdanger.58.Whatdoallanimalshaveincommontoprotectthemselves?A.PretendingtobedeaD.B.Hidingorrunningaway.C.Usingtheirbodiestofightback.D.ChangingtheirsizE.59.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceAllanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:?A.AllanimalsmusthelpeachothertosurvivE.B.Everykindofanimalhasaneating-and-being-eatenrelationwithotheranimals.C.Allanimalsareabigfamily.D.AllanimalsdependonfoodtolivE.60.ThekindofsnakementionedinthepassagewillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.showsits_____.A.clevernessB.stupidityC.quicknessD.laziness
TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat栖息地.Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunderbushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C.TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfooD.D.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.FixingthetimE.B.WorseningthestatE.C.Improvingthequality.D.Decidingtheconditions.27.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.28.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby_____.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamples
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