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AdaptationofLivingThings Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments. Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave. Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear. Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions. Inthefirstparagraphthewordenvironmentscouldbestbereplacedby______.
AdaptationofLivingThings Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments. Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave. Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear. Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions. Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?
MemoryClass StanFieldknowswhatagecandotoaperson’’smemoryandhe’’snottakinganychanceswithhis.Hechooseshisfoodcarefullyandgetsplentyofexercise.Healsoavoidsstresscocacolaandcigarettesmoke. What’’smoreatbreakfasteachmorningthe69-year-oldchemicalengineerswallowsaplatefulofpillsinthehopeofboostinghisbrainpower. MichelleAmoveislessthanhalfField’’sagebutnolessconcernedabouthermemory.Whileworkingroundtheclocktofinishadegreeinfilmstudiesthe33-year-oldNewYorkerhadthealarmingsensationthatshehadstoppedretaininganything.Icouldn’’tevenremembernamesshesays.IthoughtOhnoI’’mover30.It’’salldownhillfromhere.BesidesloadinguponsupplementsAmovesignedupforamemoryenhancingcourseatNewYork’’sMountSianiMedicalCenter.Andwhenshegotthereshefoundherselfsurroundedbypeoplewhowerejustasworriedasshewas. FormillionsofAmericansandespeciallyforbabyboomers生育高峰出生的人thedemandsoftheInformationAgeconflictwithasenseofdecliningphysicalpower.Whenboomerswereintheir30sand40stheylaunchedthefitnessboomsaysCynthiaGreenthepsychologistwhoteachesMountSinai’’smemoryclass.Nowwehavethemental-fitnessboomMemoryistheboomers’’newlife-crisisissue.Andofcourseamajormarketingopportunity.ThedemandforbooksandseminarshasneverbeengreatersaysJackLannomalongtimememorytrainerwhoseweeklyTVshowMindUnlimitedgoesoutto33millionhomesontheChristianNetwork.Anxiousconsumersarerushingtobuydo-it-yourselfprogramsandsupplementmakersaretryingtoselleverythingbutsawdust木屑asabrainbooster. Butbeforeyougetoutyourcheckbookafewquestionsareinorder.Doeseverydayforgetfulnesssignaldecliningbrainfunction?Ismegamemory超级记忆arealisticgoalfornormalpeople?Andifyoucouldhaveaperfectmemorywouldyoureallywantit?Untilrecentlynoonecouldaddressthoseissueswithmuchauthoritybutourknowledgeofmemoryisexploding.Newtechniquesarerevealinghowdifferentpartsofthebraininteracttopreservemeaningfulexperiences.Biologistsaretryingtounderstandtheunderlying潜在的chemicalprocessesandneuroscientists神经系统科学家arediscoveringhowagestressandotherfactorscandisruptthem.Nooneisclosetofindingthesecrettoperfectrecallbutasyou’’llseethatmaybejustaswell. Accordingtothewriterthesecrettoperfectmemory______.
Becauseofherrudenesstocustomersthewaitresshasbeenfired.
MemoryClass StanFieldknowswhatagecandotoaperson’’smemoryandhe’’snottakinganychanceswithhis.Hechooseshisfoodcarefullyandgetsplentyofexercise.Healsoavoidsstresscocacolaandcigarettesmoke. What’’smoreatbreakfasteachmorningthe69-year-oldchemicalengineerswallowsaplatefulofpillsinthehopeofboostinghisbrainpower. MichelleAmoveislessthanhalfField’’sagebutnolessconcernedabouthermemory.Whileworkingroundtheclocktofinishadegreeinfilmstudiesthe33-year-oldNewYorkerhadthealarmingsensationthatshehadstoppedretaininganything.Icouldn’’tevenremembernamesshesays.IthoughtOhnoI’’mover30.It’’salldownhillfromhere.BesidesloadinguponsupplementsAmovesignedupforamemoryenhancingcourseatNewYork’’sMountSianiMedicalCenter.Andwhenshegotthereshefoundherselfsurroundedbypeoplewhowerejustasworriedasshewas. FormillionsofAmericansandespeciallyforbabyboomers生育高峰出生的人thedemandsoftheInformationAgeconflictwithasenseofdecliningphysicalpower.Whenboomerswereintheir30sand40stheylaunchedthefitnessboomsaysCynthiaGreenthepsychologistwhoteachesMountSinai’’smemoryclass.Nowwehavethemental-fitnessboomMemoryistheboomers’’newlife-crisisissue.Andofcourseamajormarketingopportunity.ThedemandforbooksandseminarshasneverbeengreatersaysJackLannomalongtimememorytrainerwhoseweeklyTVshowMindUnlimitedgoesoutto33millionhomesontheChristianNetwork.Anxiousconsumersarerushingtobuydo-it-yourselfprogramsandsupplementmakersaretryingtoselleverythingbutsawdust木屑asabrainbooster. Butbeforeyougetoutyourcheckbookafewquestionsareinorder.Doeseverydayforgetfulnesssignaldecliningbrainfunction?Ismegamemory超级记忆arealisticgoalfornormalpeople?Andifyoucouldhaveaperfectmemorywouldyoureallywantit?Untilrecentlynoonecouldaddressthoseissueswithmuchauthoritybutourknowledgeofmemoryisexploding.Newtechniquesarerevealinghowdifferentpartsofthebraininteracttopreservemeaningfulexperiences.Biologistsaretryingtounderstandtheunderlying潜在的chemicalprocessesandneuroscientists神经系统科学家arediscoveringhowagestressandotherfactorscandisruptthem.Nooneisclosetofindingthesecrettoperfectrecallbutasyou’’llseethatmaybejustaswell. Manybaby-boomerslivingintheInformationAgefeelthat______.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
UnitedNations AmajorsegmentoftheUntiedNationsistheGeneralAssemblywhichconsistsofrepresentativesfromallgovernmentsthathaveratifiedtheUNCharter.Asof1995185stateshadmembershipinthegeneralAssembly.AdditionallytheVaticanSwitzerlandandthePalestineLiberationOrganizationhavenonvotingobserverstatusintheGeneralAssembly.TheGeneralAssemblyapprovestheUN’’sbudgetactswiththeSecurityCounciltoselecttheSecretary-generalandjudgesoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandpassesresolutionsonissuesrangingfromself-determinationandcolonialismtowomen’’srightsandtheglobaldistributionofwealth. TheGeneralAssemblycanmeetandvoteonanysubjectunlesstheSecurityCouncilisdealingwithitoratleastpretendingto.Howeveritsdecisionsonlycarrymoralforce—unliketheCouncil’’s.They’’renotbindingininternationallaws.ButtheAssemblyvotesareanimportantopinionpollonhowandwhatthemajorityoftheworldthinksaboutissues.Importantquestionsneedatwo-thirdsvoteoftheAssemblytopass. Thequestionofwhatisanimportantquestionisn’’timportant.Itsdecidedbythedelegatesthemselves—byasimplemajority. AlthoughtheGeneralAssemblyhasnotrecognizedauthoritytoenforceitsconclusionsonanythingotherthaninternalUNmattersitmakesitsviewpointsonissuesthatarebroughtbeforeitisknowninoneofthethreeways.AGeneralAssemblydeclarationisabroadstatementofgeneralprinciplesuchastheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightspassedin1948.Declarationsareoftenputforwardasanexpressionofanidealinpracticetheyareregularlyignored.AGeneralAssemblyresolutionisessentiallyadocumentthatrecommendsthatmemberstatestakeaparticularpolicyaction.StatesclaimsovereigntyandmaketheirowndecisionsastowhethertheywillfollowaGeneralAssemblyresolution.Insomecaseshoweverifmanystatesimplementaparticularresolutionotherstatesthatmaynotwishtoactontheresolutionmayfeelthemselvespressuredtodosoanyway.Attheveryleastaresolutionhastheeffectoflegitimizingthepoliciesofthosestatesthatwishtocomplywiththeresolution.FinallyaGeneralAssemblyconventionortreatyhastwomeanings.ThemorecomprehensiveconventionreferstomultilateraltreatiesvotedonbytheGeneralAssemblythatuponpassagebytheGeneralAssemblyarecarriedbacktothecapitalsofmemberstatesforratificationbywhatevermeanseachstateusesdomestically.InothercasesaGeneralAssemblyconventionrefersspecificallytoatreatysignedbetweentheUnitedNationsandthegovernmentofanation-stateaswhenin1956EgyptagreedtoallowUnitedNationspeacekeepingforcestoenterEgyptianterritory. ThePassageofimportantissuesisdecidedbyatwo-thirdsvoteoftheAssembly.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
UnitedNations AmajorsegmentoftheUntiedNationsistheGeneralAssemblywhichconsistsofrepresentativesfromallgovernmentsthathaveratifiedtheUNCharter.Asof1995185stateshadmembershipinthegeneralAssembly.AdditionallytheVaticanSwitzerlandandthePalestineLiberationOrganizationhavenonvotingobserverstatusintheGeneralAssembly.TheGeneralAssemblyapprovestheUN’’sbudgetactswiththeSecurityCounciltoselecttheSecretary-generalandjudgesoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandpassesresolutionsonissuesrangingfromself-determinationandcolonialismtowomen’’srightsandtheglobaldistributionofwealth. TheGeneralAssemblycanmeetandvoteonanysubjectunlesstheSecurityCouncilisdealingwithitoratleastpretendingto.Howeveritsdecisionsonlycarrymoralforce—unliketheCouncil’’s.They’’renotbindingininternationallaws.ButtheAssemblyvotesareanimportantopinionpollonhowandwhatthemajorityoftheworldthinksaboutissues.Importantquestionsneedatwo-thirdsvoteoftheAssemblytopass. Thequestionofwhatisanimportantquestionisn’’timportant.Itsdecidedbythedelegatesthemselves—byasimplemajority. AlthoughtheGeneralAssemblyhasnotrecognizedauthoritytoenforceitsconclusionsonanythingotherthaninternalUNmattersitmakesitsviewpointsonissuesthatarebroughtbeforeitisknowninoneofthethreeways.AGeneralAssemblydeclarationisabroadstatementofgeneralprinciplesuchastheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightspassedin1948.Declarationsareoftenputforwardasanexpressionofanidealinpracticetheyareregularlyignored.AGeneralAssemblyresolutionisessentiallyadocumentthatrecommendsthatmemberstatestakeaparticularpolicyaction.StatesclaimsovereigntyandmaketheirowndecisionsastowhethertheywillfollowaGeneralAssemblyresolution.Insomecaseshoweverifmanystatesimplementaparticularresolutionotherstatesthatmaynotwishtoactontheresolutionmayfeelthemselvespressuredtodosoanyway.Attheveryleastaresolutionhastheeffectoflegitimizingthepoliciesofthosestatesthatwishtocomplywiththeresolution.FinallyaGeneralAssemblyconventionortreatyhastwomeanings.ThemorecomprehensiveconventionreferstomultilateraltreatiesvotedonbytheGeneralAssemblythatuponpassagebytheGeneralAssemblyarecarriedbacktothecapitalsofmemberstatesforratificationbywhatevermeanseachstateusesdomestically.InothercasesaGeneralAssemblyconventionrefersspecificallytoatreatysignedbetweentheUnitedNationsandthegovernmentofanation-stateaswhenin1956EgyptagreedtoallowUnitedNationspeacekeepingforcestoenterEgyptianterritory. TheGeneralAssemblymakesitsviewpointsintheGeneralAssemblyratification.
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. TherewasapparentlyatrendintheU.S.______.
UnitedNations AmajorsegmentoftheUntiedNationsistheGeneralAssemblywhichconsistsofrepresentativesfromallgovernmentsthathaveratifiedtheUNCharter.Asof1995185stateshadmembershipinthegeneralAssembly.AdditionallytheVaticanSwitzerlandandthePalestineLiberationOrganizationhavenonvotingobserverstatusintheGeneralAssembly.TheGeneralAssemblyapprovestheUN’’sbudgetactswiththeSecurityCounciltoselecttheSecretary-generalandjudgesoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandpassesresolutionsonissuesrangingfromself-determinationandcolonialismtowomen’’srightsandtheglobaldistributionofwealth. TheGeneralAssemblycanmeetandvoteonanysubjectunlesstheSecurityCouncilisdealingwithitoratleastpretendingto.Howeveritsdecisionsonlycarrymoralforce—unliketheCouncil’’s.They’’renotbindingininternationallaws.ButtheAssemblyvotesareanimportantopinionpollonhowandwhatthemajorityoftheworldthinksaboutissues.Importantquestionsneedatwo-thirdsvoteoftheAssemblytopass. Thequestionofwhatisanimportantquestionisn’’timportant.Itsdecidedbythedelegatesthemselves—byasimplemajority. AlthoughtheGeneralAssemblyhasnotrecognizedauthoritytoenforceitsconclusionsonanythingotherthaninternalUNmattersitmakesitsviewpointsonissuesthatarebroughtbeforeitisknowninoneofthethreeways.AGeneralAssemblydeclarationisabroadstatementofgeneralprinciplesuchastheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightspassedin1948.Declarationsareoftenputforwardasanexpressionofanidealinpracticetheyareregularlyignored.AGeneralAssemblyresolutionisessentiallyadocumentthatrecommendsthatmemberstatestakeaparticularpolicyaction.StatesclaimsovereigntyandmaketheirowndecisionsastowhethertheywillfollowaGeneralAssemblyresolution.Insomecaseshoweverifmanystatesimplementaparticularresolutionotherstatesthatmaynotwishtoactontheresolutionmayfeelthemselvespressuredtodosoanyway.Attheveryleastaresolutionhastheeffectoflegitimizingthepoliciesofthosestatesthatwishtocomplywiththeresolution.FinallyaGeneralAssemblyconventionortreatyhastwomeanings.ThemorecomprehensiveconventionreferstomultilateraltreatiesvotedonbytheGeneralAssemblythatuponpassagebytheGeneralAssemblyarecarriedbacktothecapitalsofmemberstatesforratificationbywhatevermeanseachstateusesdomestically.InothercasesaGeneralAssemblyconventionrefersspecificallytoatreatysignedbetweentheUnitedNationsandthegovernmentofanation-stateaswhenin1956EgyptagreedtoallowUnitedNationspeacekeepingforcestoenterEgyptianterritory. AnanwaschosenasUNSecretary-generalontheGeneralAssembly.
Limestonethatcanbehighlypolishedistermedmarble.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Knitting Mymotherknewhowtoknit编织butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationoffeminism女权主义andconsumerism浪费主义mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknittedthoughandeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandmeofredwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates冰鞋whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet. Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertimewasted. Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It’’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownwoolmygrandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’’seyestakingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends. Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthstherewillbeareward.WhenImakeamistakeIknowthatangerwillnotfixitthatIjusthavetogobackandtakeoutthestitches针脚betweenandstartoveragain. PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.InthefirstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.ButmoreimportantthisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy. Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbutonthetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove. Whydidmanywomenfeelthatknittingwasoutofdate?
Experimentsenableyoungscientiststojudgeaccuratelywhatmustbeacceptedandwhatmustbeviewedwithsuspicion.
Knitting Mymotherknewhowtoknit编织butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationoffeminism女权主义andconsumerism浪费主义mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknittedthoughandeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandmeofredwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates冰鞋whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet. Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertimewasted. Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It’’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownwoolmygrandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’’seyestakingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends. Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthstherewillbeareward.WhenImakeamistakeIknowthatangerwillnotfixitthatIjusthavetogobackandtakeoutthestitches针脚betweenandstartoveragain. PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.InthefirstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.ButmoreimportantthisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy. Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbutonthetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove. ThewordquitinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Ifwoolisputintohotwaterittendstoshrink.
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat______.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
Cometsarestillregardedwithfrightbysomepeople.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Knitting Mymotherknewhowtoknit编织butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationoffeminism女权主义andconsumerism浪费主义mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknittedthoughandeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandmeofredwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates冰鞋whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet. Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertimewasted. Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It’’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownwoolmygrandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’’seyestakingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends. Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthstherewillbeareward.WhenImakeamistakeIknowthatangerwillnotfixitthatIjusthavetogobackandtakeoutthestitches针脚betweenandstartoveragain. PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.InthefirstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.ButmoreimportantthisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy. Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbutonthetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove. WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewriter’spurposeofknitting?
TheU.Swasin1850adividednationhalfslaveandhalffree.
Itwasveryhardtograspwhatheactuallymeant.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
TheDepartmentofResourcesnotifiedthetowncouncilthatthewatersupplywascontaminated.
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