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The White House We got up early this morning and (51) a long walk after breakfast. We walked thro...
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InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
A.ReasonfornaminghurricanesB.WarningofanapproachinghurricaneC.DeadlywomenD.HistoryofnaminghurricanesE.OrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanesF.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph2______
InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
MindThoseMannersontheSubwaySothereyouarejustsittingthereinthesubwaycarenjoyingthatbookyoujustbought46Orthepersonsittingnexttoyoutakesoutanailclipper指甲刀andbeginscuttinghisorhernails.AnnoyingManyofushavetospendsometimeeverydayonpublictransportation47Sotomakethetripmorepleasantwesuggestthefollowing:Letpassengersgetoffthebusorsubwaycarbeforeyoucangeton48StandawayfromthedoorswhentheyareclosingDon’ttalkloudlyonabusorsubway.Chattingloudlywithyourfriendscanbeannoyingtoothers.49Don’tthinkyourbagsandsuitcases手提箱deserveaseatoftheirown.Useatissuewheneveryoucoughorsneeze打喷嚏.Anuncoveredsneezecanspreadgerms细菌especiallyincrowdedplaces.Don’tcutyournailsorpickyournoseonpublictransportation.Don’treadoverotherpeople’sshoulder51Itcanmakepeopleuncomfortable.Theymightthinkyou’retoostingy小气的eventobuyanewspaper.Ortheymightthinkyou’rejudgingtheirbehavior.A.Don’teatfoodinyourcar.B.Don’tshoutintoyourmobilephoneonabusorsubway.C.Weallknowthatsomebehaviorsaresimplyunacceptable.D.Manypeopledothisonsubwaysbutit’sreallyannoyingE.Gettingoffandoninanorderlymannercansavetimeforall.F.Suddenlyyoufeelsomeoneleaningoveryourshoulderreadingalongwithyou
A.ReasonfornaminghurricanesB.WarningofanapproachinghurricaneC.DeadlywomenD.HistoryofnaminghurricanesE.OrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanesF.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph4______
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MindThoseMannersontheSubwaySothereyouarejustsittingthereinthesubwaycarenjoyingthatbookyoujustbought46Orthepersonsittingnexttoyoutakesoutanailclipper指甲刀andbeginscuttinghisorhernails.AnnoyingManyofushavetospendsometimeeverydayonpublictransportation47Sotomakethetripmorepleasantwesuggestthefollowing:Letpassengersgetoffthebusorsubwaycarbeforeyoucangeton48StandawayfromthedoorswhentheyareclosingDon’ttalkloudlyonabusorsubway.Chattingloudlywithyourfriendscanbeannoyingtoothers.49Don’tthinkyourbagsandsuitcases手提箱deserveaseatoftheirown.Useatissuewheneveryoucoughorsneeze打喷嚏.Anuncoveredsneezecanspreadgerms细菌especiallyincrowdedplaces.Don’tcutyournailsorpickyournoseonpublictransportation.Don’treadoverotherpeople’sshoulder51Itcanmakepeopleuncomfortable.Theymightthinkyou’retoostingy小气的eventobuyanewspaper.Ortheymightthinkyou’rejudgingtheirbehavior.A.Don’teatfoodinyourcar.B.Don’tshoutintoyourmobilephoneonabusorsubway.C.Weallknowthatsomebehaviorsaresimplyunacceptable.D.Manypeopledothisonsubwaysbutit’sreallyannoyingE.Gettingoffandoninanorderlymannercansavetimeforall.F.Suddenlyyoufeelsomeoneleaningoveryourshoulderreadingalongwithyou
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InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
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InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Neverthelessithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnolimits.Itcantakeplaceanywherewhetherintheshowerorinthejobwhetherinakitchenorinatheatre.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromarespectedgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradiofromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictabilityeducationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancy婴儿期on.Educationthenisaverybroadinclusiveterm.Itisalifelong一生的processaprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegral基本的partofone’sentirelife.Schoolingontheotherhandisaspecificformalizedprocesswhosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountrychildrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametimetakeassigned指定的seatsaretaughtbyanadultusesimilartextbooksdohomeworktakeexamsandsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearnedwhethertheyarewordsoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernmenthaveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexamplehighschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardschooling
SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Neverthelessithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnolimits.Itcantakeplaceanywherewhetherintheshowerorinthejobwhetherinakitchenorinatheatre.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromarespectedgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradiofromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictabilityeducationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancy婴儿期on.Educationthenisaverybroadinclusiveterm.Itisalifelong一生的processaprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegral基本的partofone’sentirelife.Schoolingontheotherhandisaspecificformalizedprocesswhosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountrychildrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametimetakeassigned指定的seatsaretaughtbyanadultusesimilartextbooksdohomeworktakeexamsandsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearnedwhethertheyarewordsoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernmenthaveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexamplehighschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor
Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.
SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Neverthelessithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnolimits.Itcantakeplaceanywherewhetherintheshowerorinthejobwhetherinakitchenorinatheatre.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromarespectedgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradiofromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictabilityeducationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancy婴儿期on.Educationthenisaverybroadinclusiveterm.Itisalifelong一生的processaprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegral基本的partofone’sentirelife.Schoolingontheotherhandisaspecificformalizedprocesswhosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountrychildrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametimetakeassigned指定的seatsaretaughtbyanadultusesimilartextbooksdohomeworktakeexamsandsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearnedwhethertheyarewordsoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernmenthaveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexamplehighschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.Whendoeseducationbegin
TooLatetoRegretItWhenIwasajuniorImetasecond-yearstudentinmydepartment.Hewasn’ttallorgood-lookingbuthewasveryniceattractiveandathletic.HehadsomethingthatIadmiredverymuch.Hewasnaturalwarmandsincere.Idisregarded不顾myparents’disapproval.Wewereveryhappytogether.Hepickedmeupfrommydormeverymorningandafterclasswewouldsitalongsidethestreamthatranthroughcampusorsunbathe晒太阳onthelawn.Atnighthewouldwalkmebacktomydorm.Hecamefromapoorfamilybutinordertomakemehappyheborrowedmoneyfromhisfriendtobuypresentsandmealsforme.Ourfellowstudentslookeduptohimasarolemodelandthegirlsenvied嫉妒me.Hewasn’talocalbutwantedtostayhereaftergraduation.Ithoughtwehadafuturetogether.HoweverwhenIgotapart-timejobduringthesummervacationpeoplebegangivingmealotofpressuresayingthataprettyintelligentgirllikemeshouldfindabetterguytospendtimewith.Thiswasalsowhatmyfamilythought.HespentthesummerinhishometownsoIwasallbymyself.WhenhegotbackIbeganfindingfaultswithhim.Buthisbigheartandwarmthsoondroveallunpleasantthoughtsaway.HoweverIhadnoideahowbadlyIhadhurthimandthatthingswouldgetworse.Ihadagoodpart-timejoboffcampusthatpaidprettywell.WithmygoodperformanceatschoolIalsogotadmissiontograduateschoolatoneofChina’sbestuniversities.Heontheotherhanddidnotdosowellatschooloratwork.Ihadtoworryabouthislivingexpensesjobandscores.Almostallmycolleaguesandfriendsadvisedmetobreakupwithhim.ThenwehadaquarrellastJune.Hewasingreatpainandmycoldwordsandbadmoodsstartedturninghimaway.Graduationtimewasdrawingnear.Hesaidthathecouldn’tputupwithmeanymoreandhesaidhewantedtogobacktohishometown.Iwasshockedandlookedathimindespair.TruelovehappensonlyoncebutIfounditouttoolate.Whydidheleaveher
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EasyLearningStudentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.Bythetimebabiesareayearoldtheycanrecognizealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheuniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake.TotestthetheoryCheourandtheircolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds-onethatsoundslikeooanotherlikeeeandathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEGrecordingoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds.Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmotherswhiletherestweresplitintotwosleepstudygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowelswhiletheotherslistenedtotheothereasier-to-distinguishvowelsounds.Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheeveningthebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelsallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognizethissound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnighttimelearningbutshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’tturnofftheircerebralCortexwhiletheysleep.TheskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearsoflifesheaddsosoforgettheideathatyoucanpickupthetrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders.Aninfantcanrecognizealotofvowelsbythetimeheorsheisayearold.
A.totrackhurricanesandissuewarningsB.toavoidconfusionC.tostayathomeD.tobegiventotropicalstormsE.tomakepredictionsF.tokillatleast15peopleTheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis______.
ThisisnottypicalofEnglishbutisafeatureoftheChineselanguage.
Whendovesareabouttwoweeksoldtheyarecoveredwithgreyfeathersandarereadytotrytheirwings.
TooLatetoRegretItWhenIwasajuniorImetasecond-yearstudentinmydepartment.Hewasn’ttallorgood-lookingbuthewasveryniceattractiveandathletic.HehadsomethingthatIadmiredverymuch.Hewasnaturalwarmandsincere.Idisregarded不顾myparents’disapproval.Wewereveryhappytogether.Hepickedmeupfrommydormeverymorningandafterclasswewouldsitalongsidethestreamthatranthroughcampusorsunbathe晒太阳onthelawn.Atnighthewouldwalkmebacktomydorm.Hecamefromapoorfamilybutinordertomakemehappyheborrowedmoneyfromhisfriendtobuypresentsandmealsforme.Ourfellowstudentslookeduptohimasarolemodelandthegirlsenvied嫉妒me.Hewasn’talocalbutwantedtostayhereaftergraduation.Ithoughtwehadafuturetogether.HoweverwhenIgotapart-timejobduringthesummervacationpeoplebegangivingmealotofpressuresayingthataprettyintelligentgirllikemeshouldfindabetterguytospendtimewith.Thiswasalsowhatmyfamilythought.HespentthesummerinhishometownsoIwasallbymyself.WhenhegotbackIbeganfindingfaultswithhim.Buthisbigheartandwarmthsoondroveallunpleasantthoughtsaway.HoweverIhadnoideahowbadlyIhadhurthimandthatthingswouldgetworse.Ihadagoodpart-timejoboffcampusthatpaidprettywell.WithmygoodperformanceatschoolIalsogotadmissiontograduateschoolatoneofChina’sbestuniversities.Heontheotherhanddidnotdosowellatschooloratwork.Ihadtoworryabouthislivingexpensesjobandscores.Almostallmycolleaguesandfriendsadvisedmetobreakupwithhim.ThenwehadaquarrellastJune.Hewasingreatpainandmycoldwordsandbadmoodsstartedturninghimaway.Graduationtimewasdrawingnear.Hesaidthathecouldn’tputupwithmeanymoreandhesaidhewantedtogobacktohishometown.Iwasshockedandlookedathimindespair.TruelovehappensonlyoncebutIfounditouttoolate.Whatdidhedotomakeherhappy
InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
InflationBusinessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhenadollarisnotworthadollaranymore.Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears.
ASocietyWithoutaFormalAuthorityIntheseventeenthcenturyEuropeansoldierswhocameacrosssomeIndiangroupsinthewesternGreatLakesfoundthatseveralnativetribes部落werelivingintheareawithoutaformalleadershipsystem.Theyappearedtobequitefriendlywitheachotherwithoutaformalauthority!NotonlydidtheIndiansappeartolackaformalsystemofauthoritybuttheyalsodeeplyhatedanyeffortstocontroltheiractions.Allmembersofthetribesknewwhatwasrequiredofthembylifelong一生的familiaritywiththetasksofthearea.ThesetaskstendedtobesimplesincetheIndians’rateofsocialchangewasslow.Thusalthoughsubgroupssuchassoldiershadrecognizedleadersnorealauthoritywasrequired.Ratherthangivingdirectorderswhichwereconsideredroughmembersofthetribeswouldarouseotherstoactionbyexamples.Itwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletocarryoutsuchasysteminourownsociety.Mostofushavegownupunderoneauthorityoranotherforaslongaswecanremember.Ourparentsourteachersourbossesourgovernmentallhavetherecognizedrightundercertainconditionstotelluswhattodo.Theauthorityissomuchapartofourculturethatitishardforustoimagineaworkablesocietywithoutit.WehavebeenusedtorelyingonauthoritytogetthingsdoneandwouldprobablybeuncomfortablewiththeIndianmethodsofexamplesonalargescale.OfcoursethemajorreasonwhytheIndiansystemwouldnotbesuitableforusisthatoursocietyistoolarge.ThenumberoftasksthatvariousmembersofoursocietyhavetoperformoftenundertighttimeandresourcelimitationscouldnotbetreatedbytheIndiansysteminmodernsocietiestheformalauthoritysystemisnecessarytoachieveanysocialobjectives.Afterreadingthepassageyoumayconcludethat______.
Sculpturehasoccasionallybeenfoundintheearthinanalmostpurestate.
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