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In 1837, to the age of seventeen, Florence Nightingale decided to become a nurse, (51) horrified h...
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日本历史上第一次由下级武士领导的起义是1837年领导的大阪米骚动
哪一年英国画家罗伯茨创作卡尔纳克巨柱写生图
1836
1837
1838
1839
蒙古民族一代文豪生于1837年他是成吉思汗第28代嫡孙
简明广东史记载1846年广州进口货物价值不含鸦片12390213元比1837年减少33.2%出口降至
《南京条约》的签订
自然经济的顽强抵抗
“闭关锁国”政策的影响
太平天国运动的影响
幼儿园一词是诞生的
1837年
1840年
1842年
1903年
1837年时英国首先建立了全国游泳协会并在人工游泳池中举行了正规的游泳比赛
742+397+233+626的值为
2000
1837
1975
1998
电报机是哪一年发明的
1737年
1787年
1837年
1877年
按图所示的实物连接图画出电路图
芭蕾舞剧仙女于首演于巴黎歌剧院
1830年
1832年
1837年
1841年
摄影术的诞生年份是
1839
1837
1838
1836
QueenVictoriaandHerTime1837-1901
世界上最早的发报机是1837年的
1837年英国物理学家最早引入了电场概念并提出用电场线表示电场
幼儿园一词是年诞生的
1837
1840
1842
1903
已知a是的整数部分b是的小数部分求ab-的值
1837年人民宪章的起草人是
琼斯
洛维特
奥布莱恩
哈尼
__宣言的发表标志着马克思主义诞生
1837年
1848年
1917年
第一次鸦片战争在哪一年正式爆发
1837
1840
1845
1893
龚自珍己亥杂诗写于哪一年
1837年
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Washeverydayandyou’lldieyoungmyson!Peopleoftensaidthosewords;longagoofcourse.Napoleon’swifehadnewclotheseverymonthinsteadofabath.It’squickerShealwayssaid.Richpeopledidnotoftenhaveabath.Theywashedtheirhandsandfacesbutnottheirbodies.Manypoorpeopledidnotwashatall.Ayoungmanoncesaidtoadoctor;Soapandwaterhavenevertouchedmybody.Andthedoctoranswered.That’strue.Iknow...whydidn’tpeoplewashinthosedayslongagoWelltheydidnothavewaterintheirhouse.Theycarriedwaterfromriversorfromholesintheground=wells.Townspeopleboughtitfromawater--carrier.Sometimesitwasexpensive;andsoapwasalwaysexpensive.Theydrankwaterofcourse;andsotheywerecleaninside.Theydidnotthinkabouttheoutside!Andthisistrue;theyjustdidnotlikeabath.Modernlifeisdifferent.Weusealotofsoapandwater.Andweareallquiteclean.Howeverafewpeopleusetoomuchsoap;andtheyoftengetill.WhoarethesepeopleManyyoungwomenworkashairdressers.Theywashandthendressotherwomen’shair.Thatistheirjobandtheylikeit.Younghairdresserssometimeswashdirtyheadsonabusyday!Theirhandsaresoapyforsevenoreighthours;andthatisnotagoodthing.Ayounghairdresser’shandsareoftenredandugly;andshemustthengotodoctor.Longagopeople______.
Americansocietyisnotnap午睡friendly.InfactsaysDavidDingesasleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine.There’sevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep.Nobodywantstobecaughtnappingorfoundasleepatwork.Toquoteaproverb:Somesleepfivehoursnaturerequiressevenlazinessnineandwickednesseleven~Wrong.Thewaynottofallasleepatworkistotakenapswhenyouneedthem.wehavetototallychangeourattitudetowardnappingsaysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversitythegodfatherofsleepresearch.LastyearanationalcommissionledbyDementidentifiedanAmericansleepdebtwhichonemembersaidwasaimportantasthenationaldebt.Thecommissionwasconcernedaboutthedangersofsleepinesspeoplecausingindustrialaccidentsoffailingasleepwhiledriving.ThismaybewhywehaveanewsleeppolicyintheWhiterHouse.AccordingtorecentreportspresidentClintonistryingtotakeahalf-hoursnooze打瞌睡everyafternoon.About60percentofAmericanadultsnapwhengiventheopportunity.Weseemtohaveamid-afternoonquietphasealsocalledasecondarysleepgate.Sleeping15minutestotwohoursintheearlyafternooncanreducestressandmakeusrefreshed.Clearlywewereborntonap.WeSuperstarsofsnoozedon’tnaptoreplacelostshuteyeortoprepareforanightshift.Ratherwesnackonsleepwheneverwhereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.Imyselfhavenappedinbusescarsplanesandonboats;onfloorsandbedsandinlibrariesofficesandmuseums.TheAmericansleepdebtPar
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Para2______.
Awell-knownphysicianagreedtoperformtheoperation.
Amongallcancerslungcanceristhebiggestkiller:morethan100000Americansdieofthediseaseeachyear.GivingupsmokingisonewaytoreducetheriskbutanotheranswermaylieinthekitchenaccordingtoareportinBritishmedicaljournalTheLancet.Since1957ateamofresearchershasmonitoredthedietaryhabitsandmedicalhistoriesof2000middle-agedmenemployedbytheWesternElectricCo.inChicago.LedbyDr.PritichardShekelleofChicago’sRush--Presbyterian--St.Luke’smedicalCentretheteamrecentlybegantosortoutthelinksbetweenthesubjects’dietarypatternsandcancer.OtheranimalandhumanstudieshassuggestedthatvitaminAmightoffersomeprotectionagainstlungcancerbutdidnotdistinguishvitaminAmadeinthebodyfromthatincarotene胡萝卜素whichisabundantinavarietyofvegetablesandfruitsincludingcarrotsspinachbroccolisquashtomatoesandapples.TheWesternElectricstudyshowedlittlecorrelation相互关系betweentheincidenceoflungcancerandtheconsumptionoffoodscontainingperformedvitaminA.Butthedataoncaroteneintake摄入revealedasignificantrelationship.Amongthe488menwhohadthelowestcaroteneconsumptiontherewere14casesoflungcancer;inagroupofthesamesizethatatethemostcaroteneonlytwoeasesdeveloped.Theapparentprotectiveeffectofcaroteneheldupevenforlong-timesmokers.Furtherstudieswillbenecessarybeforethelinkbetweenlungcancerandcarotenecanbefirmlyestablished.Meanwhileresearcherswarnagainsttakinglargeamountsofvitamin-Asupplementswhichcanbeextremelypoisonousinhighdoses.Insteadtheyadviseawell-balanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichincarotene.Stomachcanceristhemostdangerousamongallcancers.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Annualrenewalisautomatic.
Iknowyouhavemadeallthearrangementsfortheconference.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Theoscillatorwaseasiertousemorestableandlessexpensivethanothersavailableatthetime.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
lackingacareforAIDSsocietymustoffereducationnotonlybypublicpronouncementbutinclassrooms.ThosewithAIDSorthoseathighriskofAIDSsufferprejudicetheyarefearedbysomepeoplewhofindlivingitselfunsafewhileothersconductthemselveswithabravado冒险心理thatcouldbefatal.AIDShasafflictedasocietyalreadyshortonhumbanismopen--handednessandoptimism.Attemptstostrikeitoutwiththeoffendingmicrobearenotabetted教唆bypre--existingsocialills.Suchconcernsimpelledmetoofferthefirstuniversity--levelundergraduateAIDScoursewithitstwoimportantaims:ToaddressthefactthatAIDSiscausedbyavirusnotbymoralfailureorsocialcollapse.TheproperresponsetoAIDSiscompassioncoupledwithanunderstandingofthediseaseitself.Wewantedtofosterhelpthegrowthoftheideaofahumanesociety.TodescribehowAIDSteststheinstitutionsuponwhichoursocietyrests.TheeconomythepoliticalsystemsciencethelegalEstablishmentthemediaandourmoralethical--philosophicalattitudesmustrespondtothedisease.ThoseresponseswhisperedorshriekedeasilyacceptedorhighlycontroversialmustbeputinorderifthenationistomanageAIDS.ScholarshavesuggestedthathowasocietydealswiththethreatofAIDSdescribestheextenttowhichthatsocietyhastherighttocallitselfcivilized.AIDStheniswovenintothetapestry挂毯ofmodernsociety;inthecourseofexplainingthattapestryateacherrealizesthatAIDSmaybringaboutchangesofhistoricproportions.DemocracyobligesitseducationalsystemtopreparestudentstobecomeinformedcitizenstojointheirvoicestothepublicdebateinspriedbyAIDS.WhoshalldirectjustwhatresourcesofmanpowerandmoneytotheproblemofAIDSEvenmorebasicwhoshallformulateanationalpolicyonAIDSTheeducationalchallengethenistoenlighten启发theindividualandthesocialorpublicresponsestoAIDS.Whydidtheauthorofferthe’AIDScourse
Faceslikefingerprintsareunique.DidyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeopleEvenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimalsuchasapigeon--canlearntorecognizefaces.46.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheactsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatindividualdifferentfromothers.47.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicefacelookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicepersonyoumightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth.48.GordonAllportanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality.Bookwormsconservativesmilitarytypes--peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.49.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s坏人orthehero’srole.InfactthewordspersonandpersonalitycomefromtheLatinpersonameaningmask.50.Butwecaneasilytellthegoodguysfromthebadguysbecausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.A.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.B.Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.C.Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.D.Werecognizeapersonbyhisorherappearance.E.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.F.Peoplehavealwaystriedtotypeeachother.
Washeverydayandyou’lldieyoungmyson!Peopleoftensaidthosewords;longagoofcourse.Napoleon’swifehadnewclotheseverymonthinsteadofabath.It’squickerShealwayssaid.Richpeopledidnotoftenhaveabath.Theywashedtheirhandsandfacesbutnottheirbodies.Manypoorpeopledidnotwashatall.Ayoungmanoncesaidtoadoctor;Soapandwaterhavenevertouchedmybody.Andthedoctoranswered.That’strue.Iknow...whydidn’tpeoplewashinthosedayslongagoWelltheydidnothavewaterintheirhouse.Theycarriedwaterfromriversorfromholesintheground=wells.Townspeopleboughtitfromawater--carrier.Sometimesitwasexpensive;andsoapwasalwaysexpensive.Theydrankwaterofcourse;andsotheywerecleaninside.Theydidnotthinkabouttheoutside!Andthisistrue;theyjustdidnotlikeabath.Modernlifeisdifferent.Weusealotofsoapandwater.Andweareallquiteclean.Howeverafewpeopleusetoomuchsoap;andtheyoftengetill.WhoarethesepeopleManyyoungwomenworkashairdressers.Theywashandthendressotherwomen’shair.Thatistheirjobandtheylikeit.Younghairdresserssometimeswashdirtyheadsonabusyday!Theirhandsaresoapyforsevenoreighthours;andthatisnotagoodthing.Ayounghairdresser’shandsareoftenredandugly;andshemustthengotodoctor.Whoarethepeoplethatusetoomuchsoapinmodernlife
1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Itispossibleforeyesurgeonstooperatebypassingalaserbeenthroughthe______.A.eyeballB.livingcellsC.laserD.cancerE.lungF.handyrocks
Americansocietyisnotnap午睡friendly.InfactsaysDavidDingesasleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine.There’sevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep.Nobodywantstobecaughtnappingorfoundasleepatwork.Toquoteaproverb:Somesleepfivehoursnaturerequiressevenlazinessnineandwickednesseleven~Wrong.Thewaynottofallasleepatworkistotakenapswhenyouneedthem.wehavetototallychangeourattitudetowardnappingsaysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversitythegodfatherofsleepresearch.LastyearanationalcommissionledbyDementidentifiedanAmericansleepdebtwhichonemembersaidwasaimportantasthenationaldebt.Thecommissionwasconcernedaboutthedangersofsleepinesspeoplecausingindustrialaccidentsoffailingasleepwhiledriving.ThismaybewhywehaveanewsleeppolicyintheWhiterHouse.AccordingtorecentreportspresidentClintonistryingtotakeahalf-hoursnooze打瞌睡everyafternoon.About60percentofAmericanadultsnapwhengiventheopportunity.Weseemtohaveamid-afternoonquietphasealsocalledasecondarysleepgate.Sleeping15minutestotwohoursintheearlyafternooncanreducestressandmakeusrefreshed.Clearlywewereborntonap.WeSuperstarsofsnoozedon’tnaptoreplacelostshuteyeortoprepareforanightshift.Ratherwesnackonsleepwheneverwhereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.Imyselfhavenappedinbusescarsplanesandonboats;onfloorsandbedsandinlibrariesofficesandmuseums.TheresearchdonebytheDementCommissionshowsthatAmericans______.
Washeverydayandyou’lldieyoungmyson!Peopleoftensaidthosewords;longagoofcourse.Napoleon’swifehadnewclotheseverymonthinsteadofabath.It’squickerShealwayssaid.Richpeopledidnotoftenhaveabath.Theywashedtheirhandsandfacesbutnottheirbodies.Manypoorpeopledidnotwashatall.Ayoungmanoncesaidtoadoctor;Soapandwaterhavenevertouchedmybody.Andthedoctoranswered.That’strue.Iknow...whydidn’tpeoplewashinthosedayslongagoWelltheydidnothavewaterintheirhouse.Theycarriedwaterfromriversorfromholesintheground=wells.Townspeopleboughtitfromawater--carrier.Sometimesitwasexpensive;andsoapwasalwaysexpensive.Theydrankwaterofcourse;andsotheywerecleaninside.Theydidnotthinkabouttheoutside!Andthisistrue;theyjustdidnotlikeabath.Modernlifeisdifferent.Weusealotofsoapandwater.Andweareallquiteclean.Howeverafewpeopleusetoomuchsoap;andtheyoftengetill.WhoarethesepeopleManyyoungwomenworkashairdressers.Theywashandthendressotherwomen’shair.Thatistheirjobandtheylikeit.Younghairdresserssometimeswashdirtyheadsonabusyday!Theirhandsaresoapyforsevenoreighthours;andthatisnotagoodthing.Ayounghairdresser’shandsareoftenredandugly;andshemustthengotodoctor.Peopledidn’twashinthosedaysbecause______.
lackingacareforAIDSsocietymustoffereducationnotonlybypublicpronouncementbutinclassrooms.ThosewithAIDSorthoseathighriskofAIDSsufferprejudicetheyarefearedbysomepeoplewhofindlivingitselfunsafewhileothersconductthemselveswithabravado冒险心理thatcouldbefatal.AIDShasafflictedasocietyalreadyshortonhumbanismopen--handednessandoptimism.Attemptstostrikeitoutwiththeoffendingmicrobearenotabetted教唆bypre--existingsocialills.Suchconcernsimpelledmetoofferthefirstuniversity--levelundergraduateAIDScoursewithitstwoimportantaims:ToaddressthefactthatAIDSiscausedbyavirusnotbymoralfailureorsocialcollapse.TheproperresponsetoAIDSiscompassioncoupledwithanunderstandingofthediseaseitself.Wewantedtofosterhelpthegrowthoftheideaofahumanesociety.TodescribehowAIDSteststheinstitutionsuponwhichoursocietyrests.TheeconomythepoliticalsystemsciencethelegalEstablishmentthemediaandourmoralethical--philosophicalattitudesmustrespondtothedisease.ThoseresponseswhisperedorshriekedeasilyacceptedorhighlycontroversialmustbeputinorderifthenationistomanageAIDS.ScholarshavesuggestedthathowasocietydealswiththethreatofAIDSdescribestheextenttowhichthatsocietyhastherighttocallitselfcivilized.AIDStheniswovenintothetapestry挂毯ofmodernsociety;inthecourseofexplainingthattapestryateacherrealizesthatAIDSmaybringaboutchangesofhistoricproportions.DemocracyobligesitseducationalsystemtopreparestudentstobecomeinformedcitizenstojointheirvoicestothepublicdebateinspriedbyAIDS.WhoshalldirectjustwhatresourcesofmanpowerandmoneytotheproblemofAIDSEvenmorebasicwhoshallformulateanationalpolicyonAIDSTheeducationalchallengethenistoenlighten启发theindividualandthesocialorpublicresponsestoAIDS.WhatdoestheauthorthinkisthecorrectresponsetoAIDS
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Tomfounddamnablydifficultforthreereasons.
1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Differentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertain______.
Amongallcancerslungcanceristhebiggestkiller:morethan100000Americansdieofthediseaseeachyear.GivingupsmokingisonewaytoreducetheriskbutanotheranswermaylieinthekitchenaccordingtoareportinBritishmedicaljournalTheLancet.Since1957ateamofresearchershasmonitoredthedietaryhabitsandmedicalhistoriesof2000middle-agedmenemployedbytheWesternElectricCo.inChicago.LedbyDr.PritichardShekelleofChicago’sRush--Presbyterian--St.Luke’smedicalCentretheteamrecentlybegantosortoutthelinksbetweenthesubjects’dietarypatternsandcancer.OtheranimalandhumanstudieshassuggestedthatvitaminAmightoffersomeprotectionagainstlungcancerbutdidnotdistinguishvitaminAmadeinthebodyfromthatincarotene胡萝卜素whichisabundantinavarietyofvegetablesandfruitsincludingcarrotsspinachbroccolisquashtomatoesandapples.TheWesternElectricstudyshowedlittlecorrelation相互关系betweentheincidenceoflungcancerandtheconsumptionoffoodscontainingperformedvitaminA.Butthedataoncaroteneintake摄入revealedasignificantrelationship.Amongthe488menwhohadthelowestcaroteneconsumptiontherewere14casesoflungcancer;inagroupofthesamesizethatatethemostcaroteneonlytwoeasesdeveloped.Theapparentprotectiveeffectofcaroteneheldupevenforlong-timesmokers.Furtherstudieswillbenecessarybeforethelinkbetweenlungcancerandcarotenecanbefirmlyestablished.Meanwhileresearcherswarnagainsttakinglargeamountsofvitamin-Asupplementswhichcanbeextremelypoisonousinhighdoses.Insteadtheyadviseawell-balanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichincarotene.IfyouintakeenoughvitaminAyouwon’tgetlungcancerwithoutgivingupsmoking.
Faceslikefingerprintsareunique.DidyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeopleEvenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimalsuchasapigeon--canlearntorecognizefaces.46.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheactsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatindividualdifferentfromothers.47.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicefacelookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicepersonyoumightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth.48.GordonAllportanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality.Bookwormsconservativesmilitarytypes--peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.49.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s坏人orthehero’srole.InfactthewordspersonandpersonalitycomefromtheLatinpersonameaningmask.50.Butwecaneasilytellthegoodguysfromthebadguysbecausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.A.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.B.Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.C.Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.D.Werecognizeapersonbyhisorherappearance.E.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.F.Peoplehavealwaystriedtotypeeachother.
Amongallcancerslungcanceristhebiggestkiller:morethan100000Americansdieofthediseaseeachyear.GivingupsmokingisonewaytoreducetheriskbutanotheranswermaylieinthekitchenaccordingtoareportinBritishmedicaljournalTheLancet.Since1957ateamofresearchershasmonitoredthedietaryhabitsandmedicalhistoriesof2000middle-agedmenemployedbytheWesternElectricCo.inChicago.LedbyDr.PritichardShekelleofChicago’sRush--Presbyterian--St.Luke’smedicalCentretheteamrecentlybegantosortoutthelinksbetweenthesubjects’dietarypatternsandcancer.OtheranimalandhumanstudieshassuggestedthatvitaminAmightoffersomeprotectionagainstlungcancerbutdidnotdistinguishvitaminAmadeinthebodyfromthatincarotene胡萝卜素whichisabundantinavarietyofvegetablesandfruitsincludingcarrotsspinachbroccolisquashtomatoesandapples.TheWesternElectricstudyshowedlittlecorrelation相互关系betweentheincidenceoflungcancerandtheconsumptionoffoodscontainingperformedvitaminA.Butthedataoncaroteneintake摄入revealedasignificantrelationship.Amongthe488menwhohadthelowestcaroteneconsumptiontherewere14casesoflungcancer;inagroupofthesamesizethatatethemostcaroteneonlytwoeasesdeveloped.Theapparentprotectiveeffectofcaroteneheldupevenforlong-timesmokers.Furtherstudieswillbenecessarybeforethelinkbetweenlungcancerandcarotenecanbefirmlyestablished.Meanwhileresearcherswarnagainsttakinglargeamountsofvitamin-Asupplementswhichcanbeextremelypoisonousinhighdoses.Insteadtheyadviseawell-balanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichincarotene.Toomuchvitamin-Asupplementscanbepoisonous.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Amongallcancerslungcanceristhebiggestkiller:morethan100000Americansdieofthediseaseeachyear.GivingupsmokingisonewaytoreducetheriskbutanotheranswermaylieinthekitchenaccordingtoareportinBritishmedicaljournalTheLancet.Since1957ateamofresearchershasmonitoredthedietaryhabitsandmedicalhistoriesof2000middle-agedmenemployedbytheWesternElectricCo.inChicago.LedbyDr.PritichardShekelleofChicago’sRush--Presbyterian--St.Luke’smedicalCentretheteamrecentlybegantosortoutthelinksbetweenthesubjects’dietarypatternsandcancer.OtheranimalandhumanstudieshassuggestedthatvitaminAmightoffersomeprotectionagainstlungcancerbutdidnotdistinguishvitaminAmadeinthebodyfromthatincarotene胡萝卜素whichisabundantinavarietyofvegetablesandfruitsincludingcarrotsspinachbroccolisquashtomatoesandapples.TheWesternElectricstudyshowedlittlecorrelation相互关系betweentheincidenceoflungcancerandtheconsumptionoffoodscontainingperformedvitaminA.Butthedataoncaroteneintake摄入revealedasignificantrelationship.Amongthe488menwhohadthelowestcaroteneconsumptiontherewere14casesoflungcancer;inagroupofthesamesizethatatethemostcaroteneonlytwoeasesdeveloped.Theapparentprotectiveeffectofcaroteneheldupevenforlong-timesmokers.Furtherstudieswillbenecessarybeforethelinkbetweenlungcancerandcarotenecanbefirmlyestablished.Meanwhileresearcherswarnagainsttakinglargeamountsofvitamin-Asupplementswhichcanbeextremelypoisonousinhighdoses.Insteadtheyadviseawell-balanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichincarotene.VitaminAcanbefoundinmeat.
Faceslikefingerprintsareunique.DidyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeopleEvenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchildorevenananimalsuchasapigeon--canlearntorecognizefaces.46.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheactsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatindividualdifferentfromothers.47.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicefacelookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribeanicepersonyoumightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth.48.GordonAllportanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality.Bookwormsconservativesmilitarytypes--peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.49.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s坏人orthehero’srole.InfactthewordspersonandpersonalitycomefromtheLatinpersonameaningmask.50.Butwecaneasilytellthegoodguysfromthebadguysbecausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.A.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.B.Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.C.Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.D.Werecognizeapersonbyhisorherappearance.E.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.F.Peoplehavealwaystriedtotypeeachother.
1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Para5______.A.Theuseofanewtoolasasurgicalinstrument.B.Thecostofanoperation.C.Theprospectofsurgicalfuturewiththehelpoflaser.D.Theusageoflaser.E.Howlaserfunctions.F.Theadvantageoflaser.
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