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______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.
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Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofany
Hewasrejectedforthejobvacancybecausehecouldn’tbe__
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Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofany
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Heissurroundedbybadfriends.Asweallknowamanisknownb
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HewasimpolitetotheCustomOfficer____ofcoursemadethi
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Fillinthefollowingfoursentenceswithhabitpractice;c
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Itisdifficulttosayexactlyhowthemusicwecallrockorrockandrollbegan.Itsrootsgobacktomanydifferentcountriesandmanydifferentkindsofmusicandmusicians.
DoesyourfamilycallyouveryoftenYesmymothercallsaboutonceaweekand.______.
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 52
MostAmericantouristsvisitChinajustfor______.
PassageTwo Americanhaslongbeenconsideredthelandofopportunitybythosefromothercountries.AmericanstoobelievethattheUnitedStatesprovidesalmostlimifiessopportunityforthosewhowanttoopenbusinessesontheirown. TodayAmericansarestillfondoftryingtheirhandatbecomingsmallbusinesspeopleeventhoughonlyoneoutoftwosurvivesthefirsttwoyears.Manyofthesepeoplestarttheirbusinessesforthewrongreasons:togetawayfromthepaperworkoftheirpresentjobsortoexchangetheresponsibilityoftheirpresentjobsforfreerlifestyles.Butmorenotlesspaperworkandresponsibilitycomewithownershipofasmallbusiness.JohnShuttleworthowneroftherecentlysuccessfullife-ecologynewsmagazineMotherEarthreportshavinghadtoworksixtyhoursstraightinordertobringoutthefirstissue. JohnShuttleworthwaitedyearsafterconceivingtheideaforMotherEarthbeforeheattemptedtoputoutthefirstissue.Duringthattimehecollectedasmuchinformationashecouldabouthisproposedventure.Heborrowedbooksaboutbusinessfromthelibrary;hetalkedtopeoplealreadyestablishedinthefield;andhebeganplanningindetailtheamountofmoneyandthekindsandnumbersofsupplieshewouldneed.Whenhefinallyopenedwithacapitalof$1500hesetuphisofficeinthekitchenofhishomeandhisprintingpressinthegarage.DuetohisdevotiontobusinesshismanagerialskillandhistalentMotherEarthnowhasacirculationof300000: NotallsmallbusinesssucceedaswellasMotherEarthhas.Fiftypercentofthe450000thatstartintheUnitedStateseveryyearfail.Stillninety-fivepercentbusinessesintheStatescanbedescribedassmall.CombinedthesebusinessesaccountforfortypercentofAmerica’sgrossnationalproduct. Accordingtothispassagemanypeoplestarttheirownbusinessesforthewrongreasons.Thereasonsarewrongbecausetheydonotrealizethat
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Teenagersdonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhatevertheydobecausethey
PassageThree Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems;andthattheyhavenosenseofhumoratleastinparent-childrelationships. Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung. Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainmentsandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Thenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainmentsorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste. Sometimesyouareresistantandproudbecauseyoudonotwantyourparentstoapproveofwhatyoudo.Iftheydidapproveitlooksasifyouarebetrayingyourownagegroup.Butinthatcaseyouareassumingthatyouaretheunderdog:youcan’twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhoodwhenyouwerecompletelyunderyourparents’control.Butitignoresthefactthatyouarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforyourself. Ifyouplantocontrolyourlifecooperationcanbepartofthatplan.Youcancharmothersespeciallyyourparentsintodoingthingsthewaysyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiativesothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo. Teenagerstendtohavestrangeclothesandhairstylesbecausethey
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 46
了解中国的历史和文化有助于了解中国人民
Laterthesmallworkshop______aworld-famouscompany.
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 40
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Beforeyoucanhearamessageonthetelephoneusingthenewsystem
PassageFour WhathasthetelephonedonetousorforusinthehundredyearsofitsexistenceAfeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.Ithassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillnessinjuryorfirefromremoteplaces.Byjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuildingithasmadepossible--forbetterorworse--themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandspacewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplaceithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.Beyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonwithnormalsocialimpulses;bydoingsoithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscenturythebreakingupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.Ithasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhapsthoughnotprovable可证实ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps--againnotprovable--bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontactitimpartiallydisseminates传播theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignoranttheaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice恶意ofthemalicious. Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 48
Everyone______tomakeaproposal.
这个村庄是以矗立在它前面的那座山命名的
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 44
wastetimeaccidentsolutionroadscrowdedadvantagedisadvantage
PassageTwo Americanhaslongbeenconsideredthelandofopportunitybythosefromothercountries.AmericanstoobelievethattheUnitedStatesprovidesalmostlimifiessopportunityforthosewhowanttoopenbusinessesontheirown. TodayAmericansarestillfondoftryingtheirhandatbecomingsmallbusinesspeopleeventhoughonlyoneoutoftwosurvivesthefirsttwoyears.Manyofthesepeoplestarttheirbusinessesforthewrongreasons:togetawayfromthepaperworkoftheirpresentjobsortoexchangetheresponsibilityoftheirpresentjobsforfreerlifestyles.Butmorenotlesspaperworkandresponsibilitycomewithownershipofasmallbusiness.JohnShuttleworthowneroftherecentlysuccessfullife-ecologynewsmagazineMotherEarthreportshavinghadtoworksixtyhoursstraightinordertobringoutthefirstissue. JohnShuttleworthwaitedyearsafterconceivingtheideaforMotherEarthbeforeheattemptedtoputoutthefirstissue.Duringthattimehecollectedasmuchinformationashecouldabouthisproposedventure.Heborrowedbooksaboutbusinessfromthelibrary;hetalkedtopeoplealreadyestablishedinthefield;andhebeganplanningindetailtheamountofmoneyandthekindsandnumbersofsupplieshewouldneed.Whenhefinallyopenedwithacapitalof$1500hesetuphisofficeinthekitchenofhishomeandhisprintingpressinthegarage.DuetohisdevotiontobusinesshismanagerialskillandhistalentMotherEarthnowhasacirculationof300000: NotallsmallbusinesssucceedaswellasMotherEarthhas.Fiftypercentofthe450000thatstartintheUnitedStateseveryyearfail.Stillninety-fivepercentbusinessesintheStatescanbedescribedassmall.CombinedthesebusinessesaccountforfortypercentofAmerica’sgrossnationalproduct. Thispassageismainlyabout
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 36
PassageFour WhathasthetelephonedonetousorforusinthehundredyearsofitsexistenceAfeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonce.Ithassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillnessinjuryorfirefromremoteplaces.Byjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemulti-storyresidenceorofficebuildingithasmadepossible--forbetterorworse--themoderncity.Bybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandspacewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplaceithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustry.Beyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwriting.Ithasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonwithnormalsocialimpulses;bydoingsoithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscenturythebreakingupofthemulti-generationalhousehold.Ithasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerly.Perhapsthoughnotprovable可证实ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunication.Orperhaps--againnotprovable--bymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontactitimpartiallydisseminates传播theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignoranttheaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice恶意ofthemalicious. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 42
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 50
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 38
PersonalrelationsarethekeystodoingbusinessinArabcountries.
PassageOne Themakingofglassisaveryoldindustry--atleast4500yearsold.Glasshasmanyextraordinaryqualitiesanditisfrequentlybeingusedinnewways. Oneofthemostinterestingnewusesforglassisintelephonecommunication.Scientistshavedevelopedglassfibersasthinashumanhairwhicharedesignedtocan-ylightsignals.Whenthelightreachestheotherenditisfirstchangedintoelectricalsignalswhichareinturnconvertedintosoundmessages. CalledlightwavecommunicationthenewsystemwasusedsuccessfullyinanexperimentinChicagoin1997.Duringtheexperimenttwoglassfiberswereabletocarry672conversationsatthesametime.Thelightwavecablecontaining144glassfibershasthecapacitytocarry50000conversationsatthesametime. Thelightwavecommunicationsystemhastwoimportantadvantages.Firsttheglassfibercablesaresmallerandweighlessthancopper.Secondtheycostless. Perhapsitcanbesaidthattelephonecommunicationhasenteredtheageoflight. Accordingtothepassagethenewtelephonecommunicationsystem
Electroniccomputerswhichmakeitpossibletofreemanfromthelaborofcomplexmeasurementsandcomputationshavefoundwideapplicationsinengineering.
Apieceofwritinggivinginstructionshasmuchincommonwiththeexplanationofaprocess36itisaddressedtoadifferentreaderand37adifferentpurpose.Thereaderissomeonewhomaybeexpectedto38theprocessandthepurposeistoenable39toperformitproperlyratherthan40tounderstandit.Inonesenseoftheworld41seemtomeanthesamething42orders;butthereisadifferencebetweenorderingapersonto43somethingandtellinghim44todosomething.Thetwopossibilitiesarenotmutually相互地exclusiveand45maybecalledforonsomeoccasions.46ourcontexthowevergivinginstructionsmeansgiving47ratherthangivingorders48suchinformationmaysometimesbeexpressedintheimperative命令地49. Intechnicalwriting50instructionsisusuallya51oftellinghowtoperformsomephysicalprocesssuchasassemblingusinginspecting52repairingequipmentperformingatestordoingsomejobinalaboratory.Suchinstructionsaregiven53manufacturerstodealers商人whosellandservicetheirproductsandtoconsumerswhousethem;they54thebulkofthecontentsoflaboratorymanuals;theyareproducedintheformofinstructionmanualsasaresultof55laborbythemultimillion-dollarindustriesthatservethearmedforces. 54
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