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TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. Peopledidnotlikeusingthesubwaybeforeanorganizedgroupofgraffitiaritistscame.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
Ihadsomedifficultyincarryingouttheplan.
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. Henrymanleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. IfGeorgeStrongtookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetoleavehisfamilyinwyeford.
第2篇 TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight Youhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight. Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Welldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswamthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultInnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Afterleavingthehospitaltheeightfatpeople__________.
第1篇 TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIceman
Theprojectrequiredtenyearsof{{U}}diligent{{/U}}research.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. Temperisinvolvedinmanydifferentaspectsofhip-hopculture.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
第2篇 TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight Youhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight. Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Welldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswamthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultInnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatourweightisdeterminedeby__________.
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. Henrymanleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
Sheseemedtohavedetectedsomeangerinhisvoice.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
Canyoufollowtheplot?
InshortIamgoingtolivetheremyself.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
第1篇 TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?
Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
Theyonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.
第3篇 FoodforLearning InEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob. ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountneshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem. TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforleaming.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome. AnothergovemmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies. TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore. TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. Thenewliteracyprogramsareanexampleof__________.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. MostoftheothergraffitiartistsinEnglandwereabouttenyearsolderthanTemper.
WeallthinkthatMary'shusbandisaveryboringperson.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejucideisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries_________51thewhitemanimposeshisrudebybrute粗暴force;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby_52firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢夺.Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein_________53ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution_________54anyother.Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally_________55youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual_________56atall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstictsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecorded_________57ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthat_________58neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering_________59nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto_________60themomingafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus. Thetrulyreasonablemenwho_________61wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted_________62theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslowenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto_________63actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat_________64uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto_________65atasolution.
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. Henrymanleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManley’scompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraisetheworkers’wages.
第3篇 FoodforLearning InEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate.Thatpercentageisevenhigherinwoman.AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmanyEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen.Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob. ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritrieaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation.Experienceinmanydevelopingcountneshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies.InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement.Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld.FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem. TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforleaming.Inprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies.Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceivemorefoodthantheboys.Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughtertoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome. AnothergovemmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining.ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramofferfoodrewardsalsofromWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandeldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram.BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown.Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney.Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob.Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies. TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpsthetennagersandwomenchangetheirlives.Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth.Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliterateclassesfortwohourseveryday.WhenFoodforTrainingclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths.Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore. TheorganizersofFoodforTraingalsoplanstoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards.Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving.Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite.Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountry. TheEritreangovemmentisofferingextrafoodtogirlsinschoolinorderto__________.
第2篇 TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight Youhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo?Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight. Howcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdieting?Welldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswamthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultInnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. DemetriuswasateenagerbominNewYork.
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