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I’ll Be Bach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original w...
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PhilipRothwas{{U}}hailed{{/U}}asamajornewauthorin1960.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ????{{B}}EasyLearning{{/B}}??Studentsshould bejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealso masteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.??Bythetime babiesareayearoldtheycanrecognisealotofsoundsandevensimplewords. MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymight progressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhen theyareawake.??TotestthetheoryCheourandhercolleagues studied45newbornbabiesinthefirstfewdaysoftheirlives.Theyexposedall theinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds--onethatsoundslikeoo anotherlikeeeandathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilar languagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEGrecordingsoftheinfants brainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnot distinguishthesounds.??Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentback withtheirmotherswhiletherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.One groupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethree vowelswhiletheotherslistenedtoothereasier-to-distinguishvowel sounds.??Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheevening thebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelallnightshowedbrainwave activityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognisethisnewsound.Theycould identifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheother babiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.??Cheourdoesn’t knowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnight-timelearningbutshesuspectsthatthe specialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’tturnofftheir cerebralcortexwhiletheysleep.Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthe firstyearoflifesheadds--soforgettheideathatyoucanpickuptricky Frenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow. Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghours togiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguage disorders.ThethreevowelsmentionedinthisarticleareallFinnishsounds.
NaturalMedicines Sinceearliestdayshumanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicines.Weknowthisbecausehumanshavesurvived.Ancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddiseaseweresuccessfulenoughtokeephumansfromdyingoutcompletely. Theyweresuccessfullongbeforethetimeofmodernmedicine.Beforethetimeofdoctorswithwhitecoatsandshiny发亮的instruments.Beforethetimeofbighospitalswithstrangeandwonderfulequipment. Manypartsoftheworldstilldonothaveuniversity-educateddoctors.Nordotheyhaveexpensivehospitals.Yetinjuriesaretreated.Anddiseasesareoftencured.How?Byancientmethods.Bymedicinesthatmightseemmysteriousevenmagical有魔力的.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnormagicalhowever. Throughthecenturiestribal部落的medicinemenexperimentedwithplants.Theyfoundmanyusefulchemicalsintheplants.Andscientistsbelievemanyofthesetraditionalmedicinesmayprovidethecureforsomeoftoday’’smostseriousdiseases. Expertssayalmost80%ofthepeopleintheworlduseplantsforhealthcare.Thesenaturalmedicinesareusednotjustbecausepeoplehavenootherformoftreatment.Theyareusedbecausepeopletrustthem.Indevelopedareasfewpeoplethinkaboutthesourceofthemedicinestheybuyinastore.Yetmanywidely-usedmedicinesarefromancientsourcesespeciallyplants.Someexpertssaymorethan25%ofmodernmedicinescomeinonewayoranotherfromnature. Scientistshavelongknownthatnatureisreallyachemicalfactory.Alllivingthingscontainchemicalsthathelpthemsurvive.Soscientists’interestintraditionalmedicineisnotnew.Butithasbecomeanurgentconcern.Thisisbecausetheearth’’ssupplyofnaturalmedicinesmaybedroppingrapidly. Whatdothemajorityofthepeopleintheworlduseforhealthcare?
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthor?
ThenumberoftheUnitedStatescitizenswhoare{{U}}eligible{{/U}}tovotecontinuestoincrease.
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ????{{B}}EasyLearning{{/B}}??Studentsshould bejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealso masteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.??Bythetime babiesareayearoldtheycanrecognisealotofsoundsandevensimplewords. MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymight progressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhen theyareawake.??TotestthetheoryCheourandhercolleagues studied45newbornbabiesinthefirstfewdaysoftheirlives.Theyexposedall theinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds--onethatsoundslikeoo anotherlikeeeandathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilar languagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEGrecordingsoftheinfants brainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnot distinguishthesounds.??Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentback withtheirmotherswhiletherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.One groupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethree vowelswhiletheotherslistenedtoothereasier-to-distinguishvowel sounds.??Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheevening thebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelallnightshowedbrainwave activityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognisethisnewsound.Theycould identifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheother babiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.??Cheourdoesn’t knowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnight-timelearningbutshesuspectsthatthe specialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’tturnofftheir cerebralcortexwhiletheysleep.Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthe firstyearoflifesheadds--soforgettheideathatyoucanpickuptricky Frenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow. Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghours togiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguage disorders.Aninfantcanrecognizealotofvowelsbythetimeheorsheisayearold.
Food ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdaleheadofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheuniversityofMassachusettsAmherstsaysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve.Thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere. Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfoodthereisnosuchthing.BruceAmeschairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleypointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides杀虫剂.Sayshe;Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselvestheyemploychemicalwarfare.Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicalsthoughoccurringintinyamountsproveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms蘑菇mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives添加剂.DeclaresChristinaStarkanutritionistatCornellUniversity:We’’vegotfarworstnaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made. Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontotheterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertabletheyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogensitdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwateratleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink. TomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbettertheGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandardsstiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportantconsumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychainfromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens. Thegovernmenthavenoresponsibilityinreducingthepossiblehazardsinfood.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????{{B}}TheMir SpaceStation{{/B}}??1?TheRussianMirSpaceStationwhich camedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-term humanspaceflightisrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspace flighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.??2 ?DuringMir’slifetimeRussiaspentaboutUS＄4.2billiontobuildand maintainthestation.??3?TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyearsonFebruary201986and housed104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonthsmostofwhomwerenot Russian.Infactitbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplaying hostto62peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998sevenastronauts fromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach.They wereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversby spaceshuttles.??4?Themorethan400milliontheUnited StatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperatingbutalso gavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationproject valuableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.? ?5?AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringits existenceMirwasthelaboratoryfor23000experimentsandcarriedscientific equipmentestimatedtobeworth＄80millionfrommanynations.Experimentson Mirarecreditedwitharangeoffindingsfromthefirstsolidmeasurementof therationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butfor thosefavouringhumanspaceexplorationMirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveand workinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspace isthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994 to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripsto thespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucidwho spent188daysaboardMirin1996.??6?Despitethemany firstsMiraccomplished1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir.In1997an oxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Laterthemaincomputersystembrokedown causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepower failures.??7?Mostoftheseproblemswererepairedwith AmericanhelpandsuppliersbutMir’sreputationasaspacestationwas ruined.??8?Mir’ssetbacksarenothingthoughwhenwe comparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccesswhichwill berememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthat showedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit’stimetomove ontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbe betterbutitowesagreatdebttoMir.Paragraph6?______
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. Thenursingstaff______.
Somethingsweknowaboutlanguage Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow. Firstweknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguagenosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewithonemother.Furthermoreinhistoricaltimestherehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage. Secondthereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundevelopedwhoareaswesayuncivilizedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown1anguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping. Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeedthedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.ThereareorwerehundredsofAmericanIndianlanguagesandallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.TheyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwithbuttheyarenomoreprimitivefivethanEnglishandGreek. Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatiseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage. Finallyweknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage. race/n.种族 primitive/adj.原始的 uncivilized/adj.不开化的落后的 complexity/n.复杂性复杂现象 nonsense/n.胡说没有根据的话 vocabulary/n.词汇 TheauthorhasusedAmericanIndianlanguagesasanexampletoshowthattheyare______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????{{B}}TheMir SpaceStation{{/B}}??1?TheRussianMirSpaceStationwhich camedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-term humanspaceflightisrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspace flighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.??2 ?DuringMir’slifetimeRussiaspentaboutUS＄4.2billiontobuildand maintainthestation.??3?TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyearsonFebruary201986and housed104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonthsmostofwhomwerenot Russian.Infactitbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplaying hostto62peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998sevenastronauts fromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach.They wereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversby spaceshuttles.??4?Themorethan400milliontheUnited StatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperatingbutalso gavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationproject valuableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.? ?5?AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringits existenceMirwasthelaboratoryfor23000experimentsandcarriedscientific equipmentestimatedtobeworth＄80millionfrommanynations.Experimentson Mirarecreditedwitharangeoffindingsfromthefirstsolidmeasurementof therationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butfor thosefavouringhumanspaceexplorationMirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveand workinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspace isthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994 to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripsto thespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucidwho spent188daysaboardMirin1996.??6?Despitethemany firstsMiraccomplished1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir.In1997an oxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Laterthemaincomputersystembrokedown causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepower failures.??7?Mostoftheseproblemswererepairedwith AmericanhelpandsuppliersbutMir’sreputationasaspacestationwas ruined.??8?Mir’ssetbacksarenothingthoughwhenwe comparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccesswhichwill berememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthat showedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit’stimetomove ontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbe betterbutitowesagreatdebttoMir.Paragraph4______ A?UndeniableMiffsAchievements B?RewardsFollowingtheUSFinancialInjection C?Mir’sProblemYear D?MirRegardedasaCompleteFailure E?Mir’sFirstsinScientificExperimentsandSpaceExploration F?AGreatDebtOwedtotheInternationalSpaceStation
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????{{B}}TheMir SpaceStation{{/B}}??1?TheRussianMirSpaceStationwhich camedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-term humanspaceflightisrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspace flighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.??2 ?DuringMir’slifetimeRussiaspentaboutUS＄4.2billiontobuildand maintainthestation.??3?TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyearsonFebruary201986and housed104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonthsmostofwhomwerenot Russian.Infactitbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplaying hostto62peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998sevenastronauts fromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach.They wereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversby spaceshuttles.??4?Themorethan400milliontheUnited StatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperatingbutalso gavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationproject valuableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.? ?5?AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringits existenceMirwasthelaboratoryfor23000experimentsandcarriedscientific equipmentestimatedtobeworth＄80millionfrommanynations.Experimentson Mirarecreditedwitharangeoffindingsfromthefirstsolidmeasurementof therationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butfor thosefavouringhumanspaceexplorationMirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveand workinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspace isthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994 to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripsto thespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucidwho spent188daysaboardMirin1996.??6?Despitethemany firstsMiraccomplished1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir.In1997an oxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Laterthemaincomputersystembrokedown causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepower failures.??7?Mostoftheseproblemswererepairedwith AmericanhelpandsuppliersbutMir’sreputationasaspacestationwas ruined.??8?Mir’ssetbacksarenothingthoughwhenwe comparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccesswhichwill berememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthat showedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit’stimetomove ontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbe betterbutitowesagreatdebttoMir.Mirenhancedtheconfidenceinthescientiststhathumanslivinginspaceforalongtimewas______. A?everything B?agreatsuccess C?atremendousfailure D?nothing E?manyfirsts F?quitepossible
Somethingsweknowaboutlanguage Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow. Firstweknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguagenosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewithonemother.Furthermoreinhistoricaltimestherehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage. Secondthereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundevelopedwhoareaswesayuncivilizedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown1anguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping. Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeedthedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.ThereareorwerehundredsofAmericanIndianlanguagesandallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.TheyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwithbuttheyarenomoreprimitivefivethanEnglishandGreek. Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatiseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage. Finallyweknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage. race/n.种族 primitive/adj.原始的 uncivilized/adj.不开化的落后的 complexity/n.复杂性复杂现象 nonsense/n.胡说没有根据的话 vocabulary/n.词汇 Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorthinksthat______.
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. Whymustnursesworkinshifts?
Somethingsweknowaboutlanguage Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow. Firstweknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguagenosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewithonemother.Furthermoreinhistoricaltimestherehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage. Secondthereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundevelopedwhoareaswesayuncivilizedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown1anguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping. Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeedthedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.ThereareorwerehundredsofAmericanIndianlanguagesandallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.TheyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwithbuttheyarenomoreprimitivefivethanEnglishandGreek. Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatiseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage. Finallyweknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage. race/n.种族 primitive/adj.原始的 uncivilized/adj.不开化的落后的 complexity/n.复杂性复杂现象 nonsense/n.胡说没有根据的话 vocabulary/n.词汇 Accordingtotheauthorlanguagechangesaremostlikelytooccurin______.
NaturalMedicines Sinceearliestdayshumanshaveusedsomekindsofmedicines.Weknowthisbecausehumanshavesurvived.Ancienttreatmentsforinjuryanddiseaseweresuccessfulenoughtokeephumansfromdyingoutcompletely. Theyweresuccessfullongbeforethetimeofmodernmedicine.Beforethetimeofdoctorswithwhitecoatsandshiny发亮的instruments.Beforethetimeofbighospitalswithstrangeandwonderfulequipment. Manypartsoftheworldstilldonothaveuniversity-educateddoctors.Nordotheyhaveexpensivehospitals.Yetinjuriesaretreated.Anddiseasesareoftencured.How?Byancientmethods.Bymedicinesthatmightseemmysteriousevenmagical有魔力的.Traditionalmedicinesareneithermysteriousnormagicalhowever. Throughthecenturiestribal部落的medicinemenexperimentedwithplants.Theyfoundmanyusefulchemicalsintheplants.Andscientistsbelievemanyofthesetraditionalmedicinesmayprovidethecureforsomeoftoday’’smostseriousdiseases. Expertssayalmost80%ofthepeopleintheworlduseplantsforhealthcare.Thesenaturalmedicinesareusednotjustbecausepeoplehavenootherformoftreatment.Theyareusedbecausepeopletrustthem.Indevelopedareasfewpeoplethinkaboutthesourceofthemedicinestheybuyinastore.Yetmanywidely-usedmedicinesarefromancientsourcesespeciallyplants.Someexpertssaymorethan25%ofmodernmedicinescomeinonewayoranotherfromnature. Scientistshavelongknownthatnatureisreallyachemicalfactory.Alllivingthingscontainchemicalsthathelpthemsurvive.Soscientists’interestintraditionalmedicineisnotnew.Butithasbecomeanurgentconcern.Thisisbecausetheearth’’ssupplyofnaturalmedicinesmaybedroppingrapidly. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
Thelittleboywassofascinatedbythe{{U}}mighty{{/U}}riverthathewouldspendhourssittingonitsbankandgazingatthepassingboatsandrafts.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ????{{B}}EasyLearning{{/B}}??Studentsshould bejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealso masteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.??Bythetime babiesareayearoldtheycanrecognisealotofsoundsandevensimplewords. MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymight progressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhen theyareawake.??TotestthetheoryCheourandhercolleagues studied45newbornbabiesinthefirstfewdaysoftheirlives.Theyexposedall theinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds--onethatsoundslikeoo anotherlikeeeandathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilar languagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEGrecordingsoftheinfants brainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnot distinguishthesounds.??Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentback withtheirmotherswhiletherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.One groupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethree vowelswhiletheotherslistenedtoothereasier-to-distinguishvowel sounds.??Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheevening thebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelallnightshowedbrainwave activityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognisethisnewsound.Theycould identifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheother babiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.??Cheourdoesn’t knowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnight-timelearningbutshesuspectsthatthe specialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’tturnofftheir cerebralcortexwhiletheysleep.Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthe firstyearoflifesheadds--soforgettheideathatyoucanpickuptricky Frenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow. Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghours togiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguage disorders.Ifanadultwantstolearnalanguagefasterhecanputalanguagetapeunderhispillow.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Thetraincametoan{{U}}abrupt{{/U}}stopmakinguswonderwherewewere.
Ifeel{{U}}regret{{/U}}aboutwhat'shappened.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
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