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PassageFive WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrain Hardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnot thewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproper connectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficient servicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthe mind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwe saythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegor eventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundred yearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax. Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaid CharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.If thisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarrying thoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessof ordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhave asurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimes sovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain. Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyare seldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.These peoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingto makeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousof movement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahuman environmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yetthey conversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolve practicallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeople reallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmaking peoplethink.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforpassage
PassageTwo Duringthesummersessionthesewillbe arevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchanges forintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary 医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletin beardoutsideofthecafeteria.Weeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhicharein theprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthe cafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhour onthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthe campus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m. to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.Thelibrary willmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysand Sundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..All studentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreational athleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentification cards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudent newspaper.Whichofthefollowingisthemainpurposeofthisannouncement
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Choosethehestanswerandblackenthecorresponding letteronANSWERSHEETI.PassageOne Inancienttimesmostculturesand civilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.However theydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfar aswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentson theoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.Butthe GreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.An EgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’s oldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewborn babiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywould havenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildren wouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.Aftersome monthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos. ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.Therefore PhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflint languageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhis court.Theauthorthinksthattheking’sexperiment______.
Directions:Pickouttheappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoices belowandcompletethefollowingdialoguesbyblackeningthecorresponding letterontheAnswerSheet. A.WhataboutmakingitalittleearlierB.Ihaveno idea.C.Let’sgotogether. D.Thankyouallthesame.E.Doyou likebasketball F.WhenandwhereshallwemeetG.Itdoesn’tmatter H. WhatareyougoingtodoA:WhatdoyouplantodothisweekendB: 61A:Ihearthere’sgoingtobeabasketballmatch thisSunday.TomandIaregoingtowatchit.62B:Of course.Basketballismyfavourite.ButIhavenoticketforthematch.Whata pity!A:You’relucky.Ihavesomefreetickets.63 B:Great!64A:Let’smeetatthebus stopathalfpastfive.B:Ithinktheremustbeabigcrowdofpeoplethere. 65A:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock.B:Seeyou.
Thewordsintelligentandbrilliantinthefirstparagraphprobablymean______whiledullinthesecondparagraphmeans______.
PassageThree Despitethefactthattodayviruses 病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsa greatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basic biologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromone speciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblem andnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcell suddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparent restraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancer cellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.The transformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekind ofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexist betweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethat humancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethat becausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportancein humancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhicha virusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthat alwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous 无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer. Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeidea thatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsof mostifnotallcancerincludingcancerin man.Cancershouldbeconsideredtobeabiologicalproblemratherthanamedicalonebecause______.
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Choosethehestanswerandblackenthecorresponding letteronANSWERSHEETI.PassageOne Inancienttimesmostculturesand civilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.However theydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfar aswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentson theoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.Butthe GreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.An EgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’s oldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewborn babiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywould havenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildren wouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.Aftersome monthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos. ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.Therefore PhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflint languageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhis court.Thetwobabiesweredeliberatelykeptfromadults______.
BeringStraitis______.
IntheUnitedStatesaprimaryelectionisamethod______votersselectthenominees被提名的候选人forpublicoffice.
Theworldyieldsline13means______.
Directions:Pickouttheappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoices belowandcompletethefollowingdialoguesbyblackeningthecorresponding letterontheAnswerSheet. A.WhataboutmakingitalittleearlierB.Ihaveno idea.C.Let’sgotogether. D.Thankyouallthesame.E.Doyou likebasketball F.WhenandwhereshallwemeetG.Itdoesn’tmatter H. WhatareyougoingtodoA:WhatdoyouplantodothisweekendB: 61A:Ihearthere’sgoingtobeabasketballmatch thisSunday.TomandIaregoingtowatchit.62B:Of course.Basketballismyfavourite.ButIhavenoticketforthematch.Whata pity!A:You’relucky.Ihavesomefreetickets.63 B:Great!64A:Let’smeetatthebus stopathalfpastfive.B:Ithinktheremustbeabigcrowdofpeoplethere. 65A:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock.B:Seeyou.
EarlyformsoflifeonEarth______inabsenceofoxygenrequiredotherelements.
Hetriedhardtomakehimself______withhisbrokenEnglish.
PassageFive WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrain Hardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnot thewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproper connectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficient servicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthe mind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwe saythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegor eventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundred yearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax. Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaid CharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.If thisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarrying thoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessof ordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhave asurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimes sovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain. Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyare seldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.These peoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingto makeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousof movement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahuman environmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yetthey conversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolve practicallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeople reallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmaking peoplethink.Incommunicationitisessentialnotonlytoemployspeechbutalso______.
Accordingtothecontextwecanguessthatageniusis__whileanidiotis______.
Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyon______bestinitsclimateandsoil.
AccordingtothewritertheNewWorldmeans______.
Theauthorimplythat______.
Thecustomeraccusedtheseller______fakemonkey.
Directions:Pickouttheappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoices belowandcompletethefollowingdialoguesbyblackeningthecorresponding letterontheAnswerSheet. A.WhataboutmakingitalittleearlierB.Ihaveno idea.C.Let’sgotogether. D.Thankyouallthesame.E.Doyou likebasketball F.WhenandwhereshallwemeetG.Itdoesn’tmatter H. WhatareyougoingtodoA:WhatdoyouplantodothisweekendB: 61A:Ihearthere’sgoingtobeabasketballmatch thisSunday.TomandIaregoingtowatchit.62B:Of course.Basketballismyfavourite.ButIhavenoticketforthematch.Whata pity!A:You’relucky.Ihavesomefreetickets.63 B:Great!64A:Let’smeetatthebus stopathalfpastfive.B:Ithinktheremustbeabigcrowdofpeoplethere. 65A:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock.B:Seeyou.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthedifferencebetweenBtcottonandcommoncotton
Onlyrarely______earthquakesoccurintheUnitedStateseastoftheMississippiRiver.
PassageTwo Duringthesummersessionthesewillbe arevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchanges forintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary 医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletin beardoutsideofthecafeteria.Weeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhicharein theprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthe cafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhour onthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthe campus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m. to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.Thelibrary willmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysand Sundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..All studentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreational athleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentification cards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudent newspaper.Timesformoviesandconcertsarenotlistedinthisannouncementbecause______.
Ican't______hisbadtemperanylonger.
PassageThree Despitethefactthattodayviruses 病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsa greatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basic biologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromone speciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblem andnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcell suddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparent restraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancer cellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.The transformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekind ofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexist betweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethat humancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethat becausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportancein humancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhicha virusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthat alwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous 无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer. Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeidea thatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsof mostifnotallcancerincludingcancerin man.Manypeoplebelievethatvirusescannotpossiblybeofimportanceinhumancancerbecause______.
Mercury水银is______allmetalbecauseitisliquid.
PassageFour Therearevariousinwhichindividual economicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribed asthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditional system.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreeto interactamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommodities fromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactions maytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoods suchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmay notalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumof exchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsand servicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe .marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions. Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodand serviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit. Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentral plandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproduced bythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.This isanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangefor thewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionand consumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithinthe economicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstake placeonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingroupor castemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfood andsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyin asystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogress maybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymay result.Whatismainpurposeofthepassage
Hespeakssoclearlythat______studentscanunderstandhim.
PassageFour Therearevariousinwhichindividual economicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribed asthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditional system.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreeto interactamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommodities fromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactions maytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoods suchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmay notalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumof exchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsand servicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe .marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions. Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodand serviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit. Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentral plandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproduced bythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.This isanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangefor thewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionand consumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithinthe economicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstake placeonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingroupor castemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfood andsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyin asystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogress maybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymay result.Accordingtothepassageabartereconomycanleadto______.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcorrect
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