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Heart Attack In the United States, and especially in big citie...
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理工类《单选集填空》真题及答案
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????????{{B}}SootandSnow:aHot Combination{{/B}}??1?NewresearchfromNASAscientists suggestsemissionsofblacksootalterthewaysunlightreflectsoffsnow. Accordingtoacomputersimulationblacksootmayberesponsiblefor25percent ofobservedglobalwarmingoverthepastcentury.??2?Soot inthehigherlatitudesoftheEarthwhereiceismorecommonabsorbsmoreof thesun’senergyandwarmththananicywhitebackground.Dark-coloredblack carbonorsootabsorbssunlightwhilelightercoloredicereflects sunlight.??3?Sootinareaswithsnowandicemayplayan importantroleinclimatechange.Alsoifsnowandicecoveredareasbegin meltingthewarmingeffectincreasesasthesootbecomesmoreconcentratedon thesnowsurface.Thisprovidesapositivefeedbackasglaciersandicesheets melttheytendtogetevendirtiersaidDr.JamesHansenaresearcherat NASA’sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudiesNewYork.??4 ?Hansenfoundsoot’seffectonsnowalbedosolarenergyreflectedbackto spacewhichmaybecontributingmtrendstowardearlyspringsintheNorthern HemispheresuchasthinningArcticseaicemeltingglaciersandpermafrost. Sootalsoisbelievedtoplayaroleinchangesintheatmosphereabovethe oceansandland.??5?Blackcarbonreducestheamountof energyreflectedbysnowbackintospacethusheatingthesnowsurfacemore thaniftherewerenoblackcarbonHansensaid.Soot’sincreasedabsorptionof solarenergyisespeciallyeffectiveinwarmingtheworld’sclimate.This forcingisunusuallyeffectivecausingtwiceasmuchglobalwarmingasa carbon-dioxideforcingofthesamemagnitudeHansennoted.??6 ?Hansencautionedalthoughtheroleofsootinalteringglobalclimateis substantialitdoesnotalterthefactthatgreenhousegasesaretheprimary causeofclimatewarmingduringthepastcenturySuchgasesareexpectedtobe thelargestclimateforcingfortherestofthiscentury.??7 ?TheresearchersfoundthatobservedwarmingintheNorthernHemispherewas largeinthewinterandspringatmiddleandhighlatitudes.Theseobservations wereconsistentwiththeresearchers’climatemodelsimulationswhichshowed someofthelargestwarmingeffectsoccurredwhentherewereheavysnowcover andsufficientsunlight.Hansencautionedthatgreenhousegases______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????? ?{{B}}Late-NightDrinking{{/B}}??Coffeeloversbeware.Havinga quickpick-me-upcupofcoffeelateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyour sleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.??Melatonin levelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeak between2amand4ambeforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethat controlsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesays MauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpiderniologyResearchCenteratStanford UniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinated coffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.??Lotan ShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthat sixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafter drinkingthesameamountofdecalOnaveragesubjectsslept336minutesper nightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecaf. Theyalsotookhaftanhourtodropoff--twiceaslongasusual--andjigged aroundinbedtwiceasmuch.??Inthesecondphaseofthe experimenttheresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthem togiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductof melatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeine drinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.Inapaperacceptedforpublication inSleepMedicinetheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionof theenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.??Becauseitcantake manyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffee loversswitchtodecafafterlunch.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}MotoringTechnology{{/B}}??1.2millionroaddeaths worldwideoccureachyearplusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecar crashratemuchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels--thoughsome electricvehicleandbiofuelresearchaimsatgoingfaster.? ?Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeenrisky.Onecuttingedgearea2of researchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.Theycan ensureyoudon’tmisscrucialroadsignsorfallasleep.Theuseofartificial intelligencesoftwareallowstheseassistantstomonitoryourdrivingandmakes sureyourphoneorradiodoesn’tdistractyouatavitalmoment.Mostcrashes resultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.??Somesafety developmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspotobstaclesinfogwhile othertechnologyseesthroughhigh-sidedvehiclesblockingyour view.??Andimprovementstoseatbeltspedalcontrolsandtyres aremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobe linkedwithsafetyashavelesssurprisinglysizeandshape.? ?Andalternativestofossil-fuelbasedpetrolsuchasplantoilsarea hotareaofresearch.Fuelcellsbasedonhydrogenburncleanlyandarethe subjectofaseriousresearcheffort??Butwhateverisinthe fueltankyoudon’twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmany innovationssomeusingsatellitetrackingandremotecommunicationstofight againstcartheft.Thesecommunicationsystemscanalsocomeintoplayifyou crashautomaticallycallingforhelp.??Accidentscausemany trafficjamsbuttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcan causejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeanalysedusing statisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflow smoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryone’spersonalchauffeurbuttheir latesteffortssuggestthatwon’tbesoon.Accordingtothesecondparagraphmostroadaccidentshappen
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}ElNino{{/B}}??Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimited successpredictingthe1997ElNinoafewmonthsinadvancetheColumbia UniversityresearcherssaytheirmethodcanpredictlargeElSinoeventsupto twoyearsinadvance.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforgovernmentsfarmersand othersseekingtoplanforthedroughtsandheavyrainfallthatElNinocan produceinvariouspartsoftheworld.??Usingacomputerthe researchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolaterElNinooccurrences between1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipateElNinoeventsdating backto1857usingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.Theresultswerereportedin thelatestissueofthejournalNature.??Theresearcherssay theirmethodisnotperfectbutBryanC.Weareameteorologistatthe UniversityofCaliforniaDaviswhowasnotinvolvedintheworksaidit suggestsElNinoisindeedpredictable.??Thiswillprobably convinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbettermethodssaidWeare.He addedthatthenewmethodmakesitpossibletopredictElNinoatlonglead timess.Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperaturesbuttheyhavenot lookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdatawhichisonlyavailablefor recentdecadesWearesaid.??Theabilitytopredictthewarming andcoolingofthePacificisofimmenseimportance4.The1997ElNinofor examplecausedanestimated$20billionindamageworldwideoffsetby beneficialeffectsinotherareassaidDavidAndersonoftheEuropeanCentre forMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsinReadingEngland.The1877ElNino meanwhilecoincidedwithafailureoftheIndianmonsoonandafaminethat killedperhaps40millioninIndiaandChinapromptingthedevelopmentof seasonalforecastingAndersonsaid.??WhenElNinohitin1991 and1997200millionpeoplewereaffectedbyfloodinginChinaaloneaccording toa2002UnitedNationsreport.??WhilepredictingsmallerEl Ninoeventsremainstrickytheabilitytopredictlargeronesshouldbe increasedtoatleastayearffthenewmethodisconfirmed.??El NinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand occurseverytwotosevenyears.??Thenewforecastingmethoddoes notpredictanymajorElNinoeventsinthenexttwoyearsalthoughaweak warmingtowardtheendofthisyearispossible.TheColumbiaUniversityresearchersarethefirsttousesea-surfacetemperaturestomatchthepastElNinooccurrences.
Below600feetoceanwatersrangefrom{{U}}dimly{{/U}}littocompletelydark.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????{{B}}TheWorld’sLongest Bridge{{/B}}??Rumor’hasitthatalegendarysix-headedmonster lurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandof Sicily.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Whencompletedin2010theworld’slongest bridgewillweighnearly300000tons--equivalenttotheicebergthatsankthe Titanic--andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50percentlongerthan anyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.? ?{{U}}?47?{{/U}}They’resuspensionbridgesmassivestructures builttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwo towerstoshoulderthestructure’smammothweightthankstoheftysupporting cablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementat eachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54100-ton towerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefycablesofthe bridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestandwidestbridge deckeverbuilt.??WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStrait Bridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteel towers.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It’s notjusttheirlength--totally5.3kilometers--buttheirweight.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??Afterloweringverticalsuspender cablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60-meter-wide54630-ton steelroadwayordeck--wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.The deck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.In returnthecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof 159000tons--equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchors areessential.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.A?Someenvironmentalistsare againsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.B?Whatdotheworld’s longestbridgeshaveincommon?C?Iftrueonedayyoumightspythe beastwhilezipping呼啸而过acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.D?They’re whatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.E?Thesecondjobwillbe topulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof 44352individualsteelwires.F?Theywilltipupthescalesat166500 tons--morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????????{{B}}SootandSnow:aHot Combination{{/B}}??1?NewresearchfromNASAscientists suggestsemissionsofblacksootalterthewaysunlightreflectsoffsnow. Accordingtoacomputersimulationblacksootmayberesponsiblefor25percent ofobservedglobalwarmingoverthepastcentury.??2?Soot inthehigherlatitudesoftheEarthwhereiceismorecommonabsorbsmoreof thesun’senergyandwarmththananicywhitebackground.Dark-coloredblack carbonorsootabsorbssunlightwhilelightercoloredicereflects sunlight.??3?Sootinareaswithsnowandicemayplayan importantroleinclimatechange.Alsoifsnowandicecoveredareasbegin meltingthewarmingeffectincreasesasthesootbecomesmoreconcentratedon thesnowsurface.Thisprovidesapositivefeedbackasglaciersandicesheets melttheytendtogetevendirtiersaidDr.JamesHansenaresearcherat NASA’sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudiesNewYork.??4 ?Hansenfoundsoot’seffectonsnowalbedosolarenergyreflectedbackto spacewhichmaybecontributingmtrendstowardearlyspringsintheNorthern HemispheresuchasthinningArcticseaicemeltingglaciersandpermafrost. Sootalsoisbelievedtoplayaroleinchangesintheatmosphereabovethe oceansandland.??5?Blackcarbonreducestheamountof energyreflectedbysnowbackintospacethusheatingthesnowsurfacemore thaniftherewerenoblackcarbonHansensaid.Soot’sincreasedabsorptionof solarenergyisespeciallyeffectiveinwarmingtheworld’sclimate.This forcingisunusuallyeffectivecausingtwiceasmuchglobalwarmingasa carbon-dioxideforcingofthesamemagnitudeHansennoted.??6 ?Hansencautionedalthoughtheroleofsootinalteringglobalclimateis substantialitdoesnotalterthefactthatgreenhousegasesaretheprimary causeofclimatewarmingduringthepastcenturySuchgasesareexpectedtobe thelargestclimateforcingfortherestofthiscentury.??7 ?TheresearchersfoundthatobservedwarmingintheNorthernHemispherewas largeinthewinterandspringatmiddleandhighlatitudes.Theseobservations wereconsistentwiththeresearchers’climatemodelsimulationswhichshowed someofthelargestwarmingeffectsoccurredwhentherewereheavysnowcover andsufficientsunlight.Paragraph7______
Icannolonger{{U}}tolerate{{/U}}hisactions.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????? ?{{B}}Late-NightDrinking{{/B}}??Coffeeloversbeware.Havinga quickpick-me-upcupofcoffeelateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyour sleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.??Melatonin levelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeak between2amand4ambeforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethat controlsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesays MauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpiderniologyResearchCenteratStanford UniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinated coffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.??Lotan ShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthat sixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafter drinkingthesameamountofdecalOnaveragesubjectsslept336minutesper nightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecaf. Theyalsotookhaftanhourtodropoff--twiceaslongasusual--andjigged aroundinbedtwiceasmuch.??Inthesecondphaseofthe experimenttheresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthem togiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductof melatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeine drinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.Inapaperacceptedforpublication inSleepMedicinetheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionof theenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.??Becauseitcantake manyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffee loversswitchtodecafafterlunch.Theauthormentionspick-me-uptoindicatethat
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????????{{B}}SootandSnow:aHot Combination{{/B}}??1?NewresearchfromNASAscientists suggestsemissionsofblacksootalterthewaysunlightreflectsoffsnow. Accordingtoacomputersimulationblacksootmayberesponsiblefor25percent ofobservedglobalwarmingoverthepastcentury.??2?Soot inthehigherlatitudesoftheEarthwhereiceismorecommonabsorbsmoreof thesun’senergyandwarmththananicywhitebackground.Dark-coloredblack carbonorsootabsorbssunlightwhilelightercoloredicereflects sunlight.??3?Sootinareaswithsnowandicemayplayan importantroleinclimatechange.Alsoifsnowandicecoveredareasbegin meltingthewarmingeffectincreasesasthesootbecomesmoreconcentratedon thesnowsurface.Thisprovidesapositivefeedbackasglaciersandicesheets melttheytendtogetevendirtiersaidDr.JamesHansenaresearcherat NASA’sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudiesNewYork.??4 ?Hansenfoundsoot’seffectonsnowalbedosolarenergyreflectedbackto spacewhichmaybecontributingmtrendstowardearlyspringsintheNorthern HemispheresuchasthinningArcticseaicemeltingglaciersandpermafrost. Sootalsoisbelievedtoplayaroleinchangesintheatmosphereabovethe oceansandland.??5?Blackcarbonreducestheamountof energyreflectedbysnowbackintospacethusheatingthesnowsurfacemore thaniftherewerenoblackcarbonHansensaid.Soot’sincreasedabsorptionof solarenergyisespeciallyeffectiveinwarmingtheworld’sclimate.This forcingisunusuallyeffectivecausingtwiceasmuchglobalwarmingasa carbon-dioxideforcingofthesamemagnitudeHansennoted.??6 ?Hansencautionedalthoughtheroleofsootinalteringglobalclimateis substantialitdoesnotalterthefactthatgreenhousegasesaretheprimary causeofclimatewarmingduringthepastcenturySuchgasesareexpectedtobe thelargestclimateforcingfortherestofthiscentury.??7 ?TheresearchersfoundthatobservedwarmingintheNorthernHemispherewas largeinthewinterandspringatmiddleandhighlatitudes.Theseobservations wereconsistentwiththeresearchers’climatemodelsimulationswhichshowed someofthelargestwarmingeffectsoccurredwhentherewereheavysnowcover andsufficientsunlight.Asootforcingisunusuallyeffectivewhich______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????{{B}}TheWorld’sLongest Bridge{{/B}}??Rumor’hasitthatalegendarysix-headedmonster lurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandof Sicily.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Whencompletedin2010theworld’slongest bridgewillweighnearly300000tons--equivalenttotheicebergthatsankthe Titanic--andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50percentlongerthan anyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.? ?{{U}}?47?{{/U}}They’resuspensionbridgesmassivestructures builttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwo towerstoshoulderthestructure’smammothweightthankstoheftysupporting cablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementat eachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54100-ton towerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefycablesofthe bridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestandwidestbridge deckeverbuilt.??WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStrait Bridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteel towers.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It’s notjusttheirlength--totally5.3kilometers--buttheirweight.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??Afterloweringverticalsuspender cablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60-meter-wide54630-ton steelroadwayordeck--wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.The deck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.In returnthecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof 159000tons--equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchors areessential.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.A?Someenvironmentalistsare againsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.B?Whatdotheworld’s longestbridgeshaveincommon?C?Iftrueonedayyoumightspythe beastwhilezipping呼啸而过acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.D?They’re whatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.E?Thesecondjobwillbe topulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof 44352individualsteelwires.F?Theywilltipupthescalesat166500 tons--morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Hair Detectives{{/B}}??Scientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigure outwhereapersonisfromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcould helpsolvecrimesamongotherusefulapplications.??Wateris centraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitsparts: hydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinourtissuesand hair.??Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatoms canvaryinhowmuchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalled isotopes.Anddependingonwhereyoulivetapwatercontainsuniqueproportions oftheheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.? ?Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That’swhatJamesR.Ehleringeran environmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity wondered.??Tofindoutheandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrom barbersandhairstylistsin65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates. Theresearchersassumedthatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholived inthearea.??Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwater thesedaysthescientistsfoundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedthe concentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That’s probablybecausepeopleusuallycooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.What’smore mostoftheotherliquidspeopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontain largeamountsofwaterthatalsocomefromsourceswithintheir region.??Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwater variesthroughoutthecountry.Ehleringerandcolleaguescombinedthat informationwiththeirresultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefrom differentregions.OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer’sstudycamefromaman whohadrecentlymovedfromBeijingChinatoSaltLakeCityAshishairgrew itreflectedhischangeinlocation.??Thenewtechniquecan’t pointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrombecausesimilartypesofwaterappear indifferentregionsthatspanabroadarea.Butauthoritiescannowusethe informationtoanalyzehairsamplesfromcriminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrow theirsearchforclues.lamesR.Ehleringertriedtofindout
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}ElNino{{/B}}??Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimited successpredictingthe1997ElNinoafewmonthsinadvancetheColumbia UniversityresearcherssaytheirmethodcanpredictlargeElSinoeventsupto twoyearsinadvance.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforgovernmentsfarmersand othersseekingtoplanforthedroughtsandheavyrainfallthatElNinocan produceinvariouspartsoftheworld.??Usingacomputerthe researchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolaterElNinooccurrences between1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipateElNinoeventsdating backto1857usingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.Theresultswerereportedin thelatestissueofthejournalNature.??Theresearcherssay theirmethodisnotperfectbutBryanC.Weareameteorologistatthe UniversityofCaliforniaDaviswhowasnotinvolvedintheworksaidit suggestsElNinoisindeedpredictable.??Thiswillprobably convinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbettermethodssaidWeare.He addedthatthenewmethodmakesitpossibletopredictElNinoatlonglead timess.Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperaturesbuttheyhavenot lookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdatawhichisonlyavailablefor recentdecadesWearesaid.??Theabilitytopredictthewarming andcoolingofthePacificisofimmenseimportance4.The1997ElNinofor examplecausedanestimated$20billionindamageworldwideoffsetby beneficialeffectsinotherareassaidDavidAndersonoftheEuropeanCentre forMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsinReadingEngland.The1877ElNino meanwhilecoincidedwithafailureoftheIndianmonsoonandafaminethat killedperhaps40millioninIndiaandChinapromptingthedevelopmentof seasonalforecastingAndersonsaid.??WhenElNinohitin1991 and1997200millionpeoplewereaffectedbyfloodinginChinaaloneaccording toa2002UnitedNationsreport.??WhilepredictingsmallerEl Ninoeventsremainstrickytheabilitytopredictlargeronesshouldbe increasedtoatleastayearffthenewmethodisconfirmed.??El NinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand occurseverytwotosevenyears.??Thenewforecastingmethoddoes notpredictanymajorElNinoeventsinthenexttwoyearsalthoughaweak warmingtowardtheendofthisyearispossible.AspecialinstitutehasbeensetupinAmericatostudyElNino.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????? ?{{B}}Late-NightDrinking{{/B}}??Coffeeloversbeware.Havinga quickpick-me-upcupofcoffeelateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyour sleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.??Melatonin levelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeak between2amand4ambeforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethat controlsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesays MauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpiderniologyResearchCenteratStanford UniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinated coffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.??Lotan ShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthat sixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafter drinkingthesameamountofdecalOnaveragesubjectsslept336minutesper nightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecaf. Theyalsotookhaftanhourtodropoff--twiceaslongasusual--andjigged aroundinbedtwiceasmuch.??Inthesecondphaseofthe experimenttheresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthem togiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductof melatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeine drinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.Inapaperacceptedforpublication inSleepMedicinetheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionof theenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.??Becauseitcantake manyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffee loversswitchtodecafafterlunch.Theauthorofthis’passageprobablyagreesthat
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}MotoringTechnology{{/B}}??1.2millionroaddeaths worldwideoccureachyearplusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecar crashratemuchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels--thoughsome electricvehicleandbiofuelresearchaimsatgoingfaster.? ?Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeenrisky.Onecuttingedgearea2of researchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.Theycan ensureyoudon’tmisscrucialroadsignsorfallasleep.Theuseofartificial intelligencesoftwareallowstheseassistantstomonitoryourdrivingandmakes sureyourphoneorradiodoesn’tdistractyouatavitalmoment.Mostcrashes resultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.??Somesafety developmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspotobstaclesinfogwhile othertechnologyseesthroughhigh-sidedvehiclesblockingyour view.??Andimprovementstoseatbeltspedalcontrolsandtyres aremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobe linkedwithsafetyashavelesssurprisinglysizeandshape.? ?Andalternativestofossil-fuelbasedpetrolsuchasplantoilsarea hotareaofresearch.Fuelcellsbasedonhydrogenburncleanlyandarethe subjectofaseriousresearcheffort??Butwhateverisinthe fueltankyoudon’twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmany innovationssomeusingsatellitetrackingandremotecommunicationstofight againstcartheft.Thesecommunicationsystemscanalsocomeintoplayifyou crashautomaticallycallingforhelp.??Accidentscausemany trafficjamsbuttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcan causejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeanalysedusing statisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflow smoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryone’spersonalchauffeurbuttheir latesteffortssuggestthatwon’tbesoon.WhatisNOTthepurposeofinnovationsthatusesatellitetrackingandremotecommunications?
Iexpectthatshewillbeableto{{U}}caterfor{{/U}}yourparticularneeds.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
Haveyoutalkedtoher{{U}}lately{{/U}}?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Hair Detectives{{/B}}??Scientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigure outwhereapersonisfromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcould helpsolvecrimesamongotherusefulapplications.??Wateris centraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitsparts: hydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinourtissuesand hair.??Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatoms canvaryinhowmuchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalled isotopes.Anddependingonwhereyoulivetapwatercontainsuniqueproportions oftheheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.? ?Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That’swhatJamesR.Ehleringeran environmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity wondered.??Tofindoutheandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrom barbersandhairstylistsin65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates. Theresearchersassumedthatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholived inthearea.??Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwater thesedaysthescientistsfoundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedthe concentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That’s probablybecausepeopleusuallycooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.What’smore mostoftheotherliquidspeopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontain largeamountsofwaterthatalsocomefromsourceswithintheir region.??Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwater variesthroughoutthecountry.Ehleringerandcolleaguescombinedthat informationwiththeirresultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefrom differentregions.OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer’sstudycamefromaman whohadrecentlymovedfromBeijingChinatoSaltLakeCityAshishairgrew itreflectedhischangeinlocation.??Thenewtechniquecan’t pointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrombecausesimilartypesofwaterappear indifferentregionsthatspanabroadarea.Butauthoritiescannowusethe informationtoanalyzehairsamplesfromcriminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrow theirsearchforclues.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellyou?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}ElNino{{/B}}??Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimited successpredictingthe1997ElNinoafewmonthsinadvancetheColumbia UniversityresearcherssaytheirmethodcanpredictlargeElSinoeventsupto twoyearsinadvance.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforgovernmentsfarmersand othersseekingtoplanforthedroughtsandheavyrainfallthatElNinocan produceinvariouspartsoftheworld.??Usingacomputerthe researchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolaterElNinooccurrences between1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipateElNinoeventsdating backto1857usingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.Theresultswerereportedin thelatestissueofthejournalNature.??Theresearcherssay theirmethodisnotperfectbutBryanC.Weareameteorologistatthe UniversityofCaliforniaDaviswhowasnotinvolvedintheworksaidit suggestsElNinoisindeedpredictable.??Thiswillprobably convinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbettermethodssaidWeare.He addedthatthenewmethodmakesitpossibletopredictElNinoatlonglead timess.Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperaturesbuttheyhavenot lookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdatawhichisonlyavailablefor recentdecadesWearesaid.??Theabilitytopredictthewarming andcoolingofthePacificisofimmenseimportance4.The1997ElNinofor examplecausedanestimated$20billionindamageworldwideoffsetby beneficialeffectsinotherareassaidDavidAndersonoftheEuropeanCentre forMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsinReadingEngland.The1877ElNino meanwhilecoincidedwithafailureoftheIndianmonsoonandafaminethat killedperhaps40millioninIndiaandChinapromptingthedevelopmentof seasonalforecastingAndersonsaid.??WhenElNinohitin1991 and1997200millionpeoplewereaffectedbyfloodinginChinaaloneaccording toa2002UnitedNationsreport.??WhilepredictingsmallerEl Ninoeventsremainstrickytheabilitytopredictlargeronesshouldbe increasedtoatleastayearffthenewmethodisconfirmed.??El NinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand occurseverytwotosevenyears.??Thenewforecastingmethoddoes notpredictanymajorElNinoeventsinthenexttwoyearsalthoughaweak warmingtowardtheendofthisyearispossible.AccordingtoaChinesereportthefloodinginChinacausedbyElNinoin1991and1997affected200millionChinesepeople.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AvalancheandItsSafety{{/B}}??Anavalanche isasuddenandrapidflowofsnowoftenmixedwithairandwaterdowna mountainside.Avalanchesare{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thebiggestdangersinthe mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.??Allavalanchesarecaused byanover-burdenofmaterialtypicallysnowpackthatistoomassiveand unstablefortheslope{{U}}?52?{{/U}}supportsit.Determiningthe criticalloadtheamountofover-burdenwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}to causeanavalanche{{U}}?54?{{/U}}acomplextaskinvolvingthe evaluationofanumberoffactors.??Terrainslopesflatterthan 25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot{{U}}?56?{{/U}}significantlyon steepslopes;alsosnowdoesnot{{U}}?57?{{/U}}easilyonflatslopes. Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleof restis{{U}}?58?{{/U}}35and45degrees;thecriticalangletheangle atwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatestis38degrees.Therule ofthumbis:Aslopethatis{{U}}?59?{{/U}}enoughtoholdsnowbut steepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalancheregardlessof theangle.Additionallyavalancheriskincreaseswith{{U}}?60?{{/U}}; thatisthemoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiersthemorelikelyitisthatan avalanchewilloccur.??Ductothecomplexityofthesubject wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafety isacontinuous{{U}}?61?{{/U}}includingrouteselectionand examinationofthesnowpackweather{{U}}?62?{{/U}}andhuman factors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso{{U}}?63?{{/U}}the risk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreportstheyshouldbe consideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid{{U}}?64?{{/U}}to.Never followinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsare almostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainand noteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}or damaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeran avalanche.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}ElNino{{/B}}??Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimited successpredictingthe1997ElNinoafewmonthsinadvancetheColumbia UniversityresearcherssaytheirmethodcanpredictlargeElSinoeventsupto twoyearsinadvance.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforgovernmentsfarmersand othersseekingtoplanforthedroughtsandheavyrainfallthatElNinocan produceinvariouspartsoftheworld.??Usingacomputerthe researchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolaterElNinooccurrences between1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipateElNinoeventsdating backto1857usingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.Theresultswerereportedin thelatestissueofthejournalNature.??Theresearcherssay theirmethodisnotperfectbutBryanC.Weareameteorologistatthe UniversityofCaliforniaDaviswhowasnotinvolvedintheworksaidit suggestsElNinoisindeedpredictable.??Thiswillprobably convinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbettermethodssaidWeare.He addedthatthenewmethodmakesitpossibletopredictElNinoatlonglead timess.Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperaturesbuttheyhavenot lookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdatawhichisonlyavailablefor recentdecadesWearesaid.??Theabilitytopredictthewarming andcoolingofthePacificisofimmenseimportance4.The1997ElNinofor examplecausedanestimated$20billionindamageworldwideoffsetby beneficialeffectsinotherareassaidDavidAndersonoftheEuropeanCentre forMedium-RangeWeatherForecastsinReadingEngland.The1877ElNino meanwhilecoincidedwithafailureoftheIndianmonsoonandafaminethat killedperhaps40millioninIndiaandChinapromptingthedevelopmentof seasonalforecastingAndersonsaid.??WhenElNinohitin1991 and1997200millionpeoplewereaffectedbyfloodinginChinaaloneaccording toa2002UnitedNationsreport.??WhilepredictingsmallerEl Ninoeventsremainstrickytheabilitytopredictlargeronesshouldbe increasedtoatleastayearffthenewmethodisconfirmed.??El NinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand occurseverytwotosevenyears.??Thenewforecastingmethoddoes notpredictanymajorElNinoeventsinthenexttwoyearsalthoughaweak warmingtowardtheendofthisyearispossible.ThemethodusedbytheColumbiaUniversityresearcherscanpredictElNinoafewmonthsinadvance.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????????{{B}}SootandSnow:aHot Combination{{/B}}??1?NewresearchfromNASAscientists suggestsemissionsofblacksootalterthewaysunlightreflectsoffsnow. Accordingtoacomputersimulationblacksootmayberesponsiblefor25percent ofobservedglobalwarmingoverthepastcentury.??2?Soot inthehigherlatitudesoftheEarthwhereiceismorecommonabsorbsmoreof thesun’senergyandwarmththananicywhitebackground.Dark-coloredblack carbonorsootabsorbssunlightwhilelightercoloredicereflects sunlight.??3?Sootinareaswithsnowandicemayplayan importantroleinclimatechange.Alsoifsnowandicecoveredareasbegin meltingthewarmingeffectincreasesasthesootbecomesmoreconcentratedon thesnowsurface.Thisprovidesapositivefeedbackasglaciersandicesheets melttheytendtogetevendirtiersaidDr.JamesHansenaresearcherat NASA’sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudiesNewYork.??4 ?Hansenfoundsoot’seffectonsnowalbedosolarenergyreflectedbackto spacewhichmaybecontributingmtrendstowardearlyspringsintheNorthern HemispheresuchasthinningArcticseaicemeltingglaciersandpermafrost. Sootalsoisbelievedtoplayaroleinchangesintheatmosphereabovethe oceansandland.??5?Blackcarbonreducestheamountof energyreflectedbysnowbackintospacethusheatingthesnowsurfacemore thaniftherewerenoblackcarbonHansensaid.Soot’sincreasedabsorptionof solarenergyisespeciallyeffectiveinwarmingtheworld’sclimate.This forcingisunusuallyeffectivecausingtwiceasmuchglobalwarmingasa carbon-dioxideforcingofthesamemagnitudeHansennoted.??6 ?Hansencautionedalthoughtheroleofsootinalteringglobalclimateis substantialitdoesnotalterthefactthatgreenhousegasesaretheprimary causeofclimatewarmingduringthepastcenturySuchgasesareexpectedtobe thelargestclimateforcingfortherestofthiscentury.??7 ?TheresearchersfoundthatobservedwarmingintheNorthernHemispherewas largeinthewinterandspringatmiddleandhighlatitudes.Theseobservations wereconsistentwiththeresearchers’climatemodelsimulationswhichshowed someofthelargestwarmingeffectsoccurredwhentherewereheavysnowcover andsufficientsunlight.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????{{B}}TheWorld’sLongest Bridge{{/B}}??Rumor’hasitthatalegendarysix-headedmonster lurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandof Sicily.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Whencompletedin2010theworld’slongest bridgewillweighnearly300000tons--equivalenttotheicebergthatsankthe Titanic--andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50percentlongerthan anyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.? ?{{U}}?47?{{/U}}They’resuspensionbridgesmassivestructures builttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwo towerstoshoulderthestructure’smammothweightthankstoheftysupporting cablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementat eachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54100-ton towerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefycablesofthe bridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestandwidestbridge deckeverbuilt.??WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStrait Bridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteel towers.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It’s notjusttheirlength--totally5.3kilometers--buttheirweight.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??Afterloweringverticalsuspender cablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60-meter-wide54630-ton steelroadwayordeck--wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.The deck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.In returnthecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof 159000tons--equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchors areessential.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.A?Someenvironmentalistsare againsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.B?Whatdotheworld’s longestbridgeshaveincommon?C?Iftrueonedayyoumightspythe beastwhilezipping呼啸而过acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.D?They’re whatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.E?Thesecondjobwillbe topulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof 44352individualsteelwires.F?Theywilltipupthescalesat166500 tons--morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
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