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Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Accordingtotheauthortheking’sconclusion______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 40
______changed:whatevermencandowomencanalsodo.
A.Whataboutmakingitalittleearlier B.Ihavenoidea. C.Let’sgotogether. D.Thankyouallthesame. E.Doyoulikebasketball F.Whenandwhereshallwemeet G.Itdoesn’tmatter H.Whatareyougoingtodo A:Whatdoyouplantodothisweekend B:61 A:Ihearthere’sgoingtobeabasketballmatchthisSunday.TomandIaregoingtowatchit.62 B:Ofcourse.Basketballismyfavourite.ButIhavenoticketforthematch.Whatapity! A:You’relucky.Ihavesomefreetickets.63 B:Great!64 A:Let’smeetatthebusstopathalfpastfive. B:Ithinktheremustbeabigcrowdofpeoplethere.65 A:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock. B:Seeyou. 62
Thereason______heexplainedwasnot______!expected.
WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrainHardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnotthewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproperconnectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficientservicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthemind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwesaythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegoreventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundredyearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax.Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaidCharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.Ifthisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarryingthoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessofordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhaveasurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimessovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain.Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyareseldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.Thesepeoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingtomakeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousofmovement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahumanenvironmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yettheyconversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolvepracticallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeoplereallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmakingpeoplethink.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebasicfunctionofbodilyactivityinspeechisto______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 34
Theteachercameintotheroomwithhishands______behindhisback.
Therearevariousinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoodssuchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviouslyfindingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe.marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfoodandsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyinasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.Inthesecondparagraphthewordrealinrealgoodscouldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing
ItwasSunday.Thetrainswerecrowded.Agentlemanwaswalkingalongtheplatform21aplace.Inoneof22hesawavacantseat.Butasmallsuitcasewas23onitandastoutgentlemanwassittingnexttoit."Isthisseatvacant"askedthegentleman."Noitismy24"answeredthestoutgentleman.Heisjustcoming.Thisishissuitcase."Well"saidthegentleman"Iwillsitheretillhe25."Fiveminuteslaterthetrainstarted26nobodycame."Yourfriendislate"saidthegentleman"He27histrainbutheneednot28suitcase."And29thesewordshe30thecaseandthrewitoutofthewindow.Thestoutgentlemanjumpeduptocatchthecasebutitwastoolate.Heregrettedtakingtwoseatsforhisowncomfort. 22
Therearevariousinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoodssuchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviouslyfindingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe.marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfoodandsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyinasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.Accordingtothepassagewhohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem
A.Whataboutmakingitalittleearlier B.Ihavenoidea. C.Let’sgotogether. D.Thankyouallthesame. E.Doyoulikebasketball F.Whenandwhereshallwemeet G.Itdoesn’tmatter H.Whatareyougoingtodo A:Whatdoyouplantodothisweekend B:61 A:Ihearthere’sgoingtobeabasketballmatchthisSunday.TomandIaregoingtowatchit.62 B:Ofcourse.Basketballismyfavourite.ButIhavenoticketforthematch.Whatapity! A:You’relucky.Ihavesomefreetickets.63 B:Great!64 A:Let’smeetatthebusstopathalfpastfive. B:Ithinktheremustbeabigcrowdofpeoplethere.65 A:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock. B:Seeyou. 64
每个人都对人口问题很关注2．为什么会有巨大的人口增长呢3．要改变环境人们应采取措施
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 36
Agood______ofanimalshibernateandduringtheirhibernationtheyeat______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 38
Despitethefactthattodayviruses病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsagreatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basicbiologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromonespeciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblemandnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcellsuddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparentrestraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancercellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.Thetransformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekindofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexistbetweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethathumancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethatbecausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportanceinhumancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhichavirusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthatalwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer.Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeideathatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsofmostifnotallcancerincludingcancerinman.Thepossibilitythataviruscauseshumancancerisindicatedby______.
Duringthesummersessionthesewillbearevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchangesforintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletinbeardoutsideofthecafeteria.WeeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhichareintheprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthecafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhouronthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthecampus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m.to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.ThelibrarywillmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysandSundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..Allstudentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreationalathleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentificationcards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudentnewspaper.Specificschedulerevisionsforwhichofthefollowingfacilitiesarelistedinthisannouncement
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 32
Allwasquietthewholenight______thelightnoisegivenbytheelectricfan.
Duringthesummersessionthesewillbearevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchangesforintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletinbeardoutsideofthecafeteria.WeeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhichareintheprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthecafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhouronthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthecampus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m.to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.ThelibrarywillmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysandSundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..Allstudentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreationalathleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentificationcards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudentnewspaper.Accordingtotheannouncementwhichofthefollowingistreeofspecialsummerhoursforthelibrary
I______hertogiveuptakingthemedicinebutsherefused.
Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Fromhisexperimentthekingconcludedthat______.
--WhichforeignlanguageareyoubetteratEnglishorFrench--IamsorryIknow______ofEnglishand______ofFrench.
ItwasSunday.Thetrainswerecrowded.Agentlemanwaswalkingalongtheplatform21aplace.Inoneof22hesawavacantseat.Butasmallsuitcasewas23onitandastoutgentlemanwassittingnexttoit."Isthisseatvacant"askedthegentleman."Noitismy24"answeredthestoutgentleman.Heisjustcoming.Thisishissuitcase."Well"saidthegentleman"Iwillsitheretillhe25."Fiveminuteslaterthetrainstarted26nobodycame."Yourfriendislate"saidthegentleman"He27histrainbutheneednot28suitcase."And29thesewordshe30thecaseandthrewitoutofthewindow.Thestoutgentlemanjumpeduptocatchthecasebutitwastoolate.Heregrettedtakingtwoseatsforhisowncomfort. 24
--Howdeliciousthefishis!--butIdon'tthinkit______whatIcookedyesterday.
A．cycle B．city C．crop D．certain
Despitethefactthattodayviruses病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsagreatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basicbiologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromonespeciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblemandnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcellsuddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparentrestraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancercellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.Thetransformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekindofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexistbetweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethathumancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethatbecausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportanceinhumancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhichavirusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthatalwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer.Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeideathatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsofmostifnotallcancerincludingcancerinman.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.
A．thought B．bought C．caught D．though
WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrainHardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnotthewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproperconnectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficientservicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthemind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwesaythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegoreventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundredyearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax.Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaidCharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.Ifthisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarryingthoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessofordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhaveasurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimessovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain.Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyareseldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.Thesepeoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingtomakeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousofmovement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahumanenvironmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yettheyconversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolvepracticallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeoplereallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmakingpeoplethink.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith
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