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Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration.
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{{*HTML*}}HousesofFuture??Whatwillhousesbelikeinthirtyyears’time?Noonereallyknowsbutarchitectsaretrying?topredict?46?.??Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.Inthirtyyears’timeevenmoreofuswillbeworkingat?home.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarrivinggrowingupandleavinghome.?47?nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.??Everyoneagreesthatinthirtyyears’timewewillbelivinginintelligenthouses.Wewillbe?abletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethiswe’llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook??48?.Wewillbeabletoleavemostofthecookingtothemachinesjusttastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.??Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonal-eachhouse?49?youwon’thavetopaint?themyou’llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!Andifyoudon’tlikethecolorthenextdayyouwillbeabletohaveanewone.?50?.??A.youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily??B.Theonlythingyouwon’tbeabletodoismovingthehousesomewhereelse??C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit??D.whatourhomewillbelike??E.?Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily??F.?hekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyhave
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. Thefirstscientificairflightwasdesignedby
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TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.AccordingtothelastparagraphwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutAmericanliterature
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.Whatdoes’thathope’inthefirstparagraphreferto
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsoftheseacucumberseemstofascinatetheauthormost
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
Inprevioustimeswhenfreshmeatwasinadequatepigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.
EasyListening Studentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep. Bythetimebabiesareoneyearoldtheycanrecognizealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake. TotestthetheoryCheourandtheircolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsoundsonethatsoundslike"oo";anotherlike"ee"andthethirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEG脑电图recordingoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds. Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmotherswheretherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowelswhiletheotherslistenedtotheothereasier-to-distinguishvowelsounds. Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheeveningthebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelsallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognizethissound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall. Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnighttimelearningbutshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’t"turnoft"theircerebralcortex大脑皮层whiletheysleep:TheskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearsoflifesheaddssoforgettheideathatyoucanpickupthetrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders. Aninfantcanrecognizealotofvowelsbythetimeheorsheisoneyearold.
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Accordingtothepassagetheshapeofseacucumberisimp6rtantbecause
IamfeelingalotmorehealthythanIwas
{{*HTML*}}AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomething*whichtheymissedinearlierschoolinggetnewskillsorjobtrainingfindoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsseekbetterself-understandingordevelopnewtalentsandskills.??2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibrariescorrespondencecoursesorbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegesstudygroupsworkshopsclubsandprofessionalassociations.??3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocitiesnewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.??4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790swiththefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanics’instituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.??5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexamplepartsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.{{*HTML*}}Someadultswanttolearn______.A.bysocialandeconomicchangesB.guidedself-studyandcorrespondencecoursesC.bystudyingtogetherwithchildrenD.whattheydidnotmanagetolearnearlierE.dateshacktotheeighteenthcenturyF.massproduction
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
Weshalltakethetreasureawaytoasafeplace.
EasyListening Studentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep. Bythetimebabiesareoneyearoldtheycanrecognizealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake. TotestthetheoryCheourandtheircolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsoundsonethatsoundslike"oo";anotherlike"ee"andthethirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEG脑电图recordingoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds. Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmotherswheretherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowelswhiletheotherslistenedtotheothereasier-to-distinguishvowelsounds. Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheeveningthebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelsallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognizethissound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall. Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnighttimelearningbutshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’t"turnoft"theircerebralcortex大脑皮层whiletheysleep:TheskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearsoflifesheaddssoforgettheideathatyoucanpickupthetrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders. Ifanadultwantstolearnalanguagefasterhecanputalanguagetapeunderhispillow.
AlthoughaherdofAfricanelephantsmayhaveuptoonethousandmembersAsiaticelephantsliveinbandsoffivetosixtyanimals.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph4______.
EasyListening Studentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysawaybutthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep. Bythetimebabiesareoneyearoldtheycanrecognizealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake. TotestthetheoryCheourandtheircolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsoundsonethatsoundslike"oo";anotherlike"ee"andthethirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEG脑电图recordingoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds. Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmotherswheretherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowelswhiletheotherslistenedtotheothereasier-to-distinguishvowelsounds. Whentestedinthemorningandagainintheeveningthebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelsallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognizethissound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschangedwhilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall. Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnighttimelearningbutshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadultsbabiesdon’t"turnoft"theircerebralcortex大脑皮层whiletheysleep:TheskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearsoflifesheaddssoforgettheideathatyoucanpickupthetrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-upsCheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders. ThethreevowelsmentionedinthisarticleareallFinnishsounds.
Theseprogrammesareofimmenseimportancetotheyoungstudents.
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. HowdidDaedalusmanagetoescapetoSicilyaccordingtothepassage
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. Accordingtothelastparagraphmancouldnotflywithflapping-wingflyingmachinesbecause
Thesensationofalumpinone'sthroatarisesfromanincreasedflowofbloodintothetissuesofthepharynxandlarynx.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
{{*HTML*}}HousesofFuture??Whatwillhousesbelikeinthirtyyears’time?Noonereallyknowsbutarchitectsaretrying?topredict?46?.??Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.Inthirtyyears’timeevenmoreofuswillbeworkingat?home.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarrivinggrowingupandleavinghome.?47?nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.??Everyoneagreesthatinthirtyyears’timewewillbelivinginintelligenthouses.Wewillbe?abletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethiswe’llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook??48?.Wewillbeabletoleavemostofthecookingtothemachinesjusttastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.??Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonal-eachhouse?49?youwon’thavetopaint?themyou’llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!Andifyoudon’tlikethecolorthenextdayyouwillbeabletohaveanewone.?50?.??A.youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily??B.Theonlythingyouwon’tbeabletodoismovingthehousesomewhereelse??C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit??D.whatourhomewillbelike??E.?Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily??F.?hekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyhave
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.WhatcanwelearnfromtheliteratureofthetribesofthenativeAmericans
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