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? ?阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请先A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选C。 ...
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HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved1tobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46A.reportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfrothesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50AccordingtoRobertBellitisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.AHesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationatratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.BBytheyear2004itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.CIfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaid.D.ThenwhofinancestheresearchEForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.FTheconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.
Dyslexia Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisorder2calleddyslexia. Expertsondyslexiasaythattheproblemisnotadisease.Theysaythatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.Oneoftheworldsgreatthinkersandscientists.AlbertEinsteinwasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordsthewaythatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead. TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.DyslexiafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan80yearsago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredthatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowordisabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswithdyslexiaaredifferent. Inmostpeopletheleftsideofthebrain—thepartthatcontrolslanguageislargerthantherightside.Inpersonswithdyslexiatherightsideofthebrainisbigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.Howeverresearchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthaninfemalesanditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoarelefthanded4.Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexiabutsomescientistsbelievethatitmayresultfromchemicalchangesinababy’’sbodylongbeforeitisborn.Theyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithdyslexia.Dyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindsofteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirproblemswithlanguagetheyoftenshowthemselvestobeespeciallyintelligentorcreative. Theleftsideofthebraininadyslexicpersonisbiggerthantherightside.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
AmericansDecrease IncreasinglyhistoriansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthestaggeringdisparity不同betweentheindigenous本土的populationofAmericain1492—newestimatesofwhichsoarashighas100millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime—andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorintheprecipitous险峻的declineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdiseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soil处女地epidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologically免疫学的almostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies病—smallpoxmeasles麻疹malaria疟病yellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveralmore—wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontainreportsofhorrendous可怕的epidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmanycasesbyrecentequantitativeanalysesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegintokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventiethcenturybywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.FurthermoretheBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthanenslavingthemastheSpaniardsdidsothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonistsdirectobservation. EvensothesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongtheindigenouspopulation.In1616—1619anepidemicpossiblyofbubonicorpneumonic肺的plague瘟疫sweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630’’ssmall-poxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeopleeliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820’’sfeverdevastatedthepeopleoftheCoulumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutoftenofthem. UnfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedoknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBay.Quebecaffected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedevastatingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity. Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
OntheTrain ThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassocrowdedthatDonaldwhowasonhiswaytoLondontofindatemporaryjobfortheuniversityvacationwishedthathehaddecidedtotravelbyday.Hehadneverbeensohardup. Hegotonthetrainandwalkedalongthecorridorofthesecond-classcompartments.Hecouldn’’tfindaseatanywhere.Hecouldnotaffordtotravelfirstclassandhedidnotwanttostandinthecorridor.Neitherdidhewanttositonhissuitcase.Hewassotiredthathedecidedtositdowninafirstclasscompartmentatleastforawhile.Hesoonfoundonewithasingleoccupant乘客agentlemanreadingdocumentsfromabriefcase.Withtheself-assuranceofafirstclasstravelerheopenedthedoorandwentin.Nosoonerhadhesatdownthantheticketinspectorarrived.Whatbadluck!Nowhewouldhavetopaytheexcess额外的fare.Asheturnedouthispockettofindenoughmoneyhesawthegentlemanwaswatchinghimwithamusement.Itwashumiliating令人感到羞辱的.Howeverhewassotiredthathesoonfellasleep. Presentlyhearinganoisehehalfopenedhiseyes.Notonlydidhenoticethathistravelingcompanionhadgonebuthealsosawthatarough-lookingmanwassearchingthroughthebusinessman’’sbriefcase.Donaldgrabbedthebriefcaseandwrenched猛夺itfreekickingattheman’’sleg.Themanfled. ThenthebusinessmanreturnedandfoundDonaldholdingthebriefcaseandpeeringinsideit.Donaldrealizedthathewasinquiteanawkwardsituationbutthemanwassmiling.Norwasthistheonlysurprisingthing.NotonlywasthegentlemanwhointroducedhimselfasMr.SmithsmilingbuthethankedDonaldwarmly.OnhiswaybacktothecompartmentMr.Smithhadseenthemanleavinginagreathurry.HehadsoquicklyassessedthesituationthatheknewDonaldwasinnocent. OnlyafteralongchatinwhichDonaldwasaskedmanyquestionsabouthimselfdidDonalddiscoverthatMr.SmithwasinfactmanagingdirectorofalargefactoryinLondon.DonaldhadneverimaginedthatthisstrangeincidentwouldhelphimtofindajobbutjustastheywereleavingthetrainMr.SmithofferedhimthepostoftemporaryNightSecurityOfficerforhisfactory. Accordingtoparagraphs1and2whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDonaldisNOTtrue?
Thedoctorshaveabandonedthehopetorescuetheoldman.
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved1tobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46A.reportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfrothesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50AccordingtoRobertBellitisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.AHesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationatratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.BBytheyear2004itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.CIfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaid.D.ThenwhofinancestheresearchEForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.FTheconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.
OntheTrain ThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassocrowdedthatDonaldwhowasonhiswaytoLondontofindatemporaryjobfortheuniversityvacationwishedthathehaddecidedtotravelbyday.Hehadneverbeensohardup. Hegotonthetrainandwalkedalongthecorridorofthesecond-classcompartments.Hecouldn’’tfindaseatanywhere.Hecouldnotaffordtotravelfirstclassandhedidnotwanttostandinthecorridor.Neitherdidhewanttositonhissuitcase.Hewassotiredthathedecidedtositdowninafirstclasscompartmentatleastforawhile.Hesoonfoundonewithasingleoccupant乘客agentlemanreadingdocumentsfromabriefcase.Withtheself-assuranceofafirstclasstravelerheopenedthedoorandwentin.Nosoonerhadhesatdownthantheticketinspectorarrived.Whatbadluck!Nowhewouldhavetopaytheexcess额外的fare.Asheturnedouthispockettofindenoughmoneyhesawthegentlemanwaswatchinghimwithamusement.Itwashumiliating令人感到羞辱的.Howeverhewassotiredthathesoonfellasleep. Presentlyhearinganoisehehalfopenedhiseyes.Notonlydidhenoticethathistravelingcompanionhadgonebuthealsosawthatarough-lookingmanwassearchingthroughthebusinessman’’sbriefcase.Donaldgrabbedthebriefcaseandwrenched猛夺itfreekickingattheman’’sleg.Themanfled. ThenthebusinessmanreturnedandfoundDonaldholdingthebriefcaseandpeeringinsideit.Donaldrealizedthathewasinquiteanawkwardsituationbutthemanwassmiling.Norwasthistheonlysurprisingthing.NotonlywasthegentlemanwhointroducedhimselfasMr.SmithsmilingbuthethankedDonaldwarmly.OnhiswaybacktothecompartmentMr.Smithhadseenthemanleavinginagreathurry.HehadsoquicklyassessedthesituationthatheknewDonaldwasinnocent. OnlyafteralongchatinwhichDonaldwasaskedmanyquestionsabouthimselfdidDonalddiscoverthatMr.SmithwasinfactmanagingdirectorofalargefactoryinLondon.DonaldhadneverimaginedthatthisstrangeincidentwouldhelphimtofindajobbutjustastheywereleavingthetrainMr.SmithofferedhimthepostoftemporaryNightSecurityOfficerforhisfactory. Mr.SmithrealizedthatDonaldwasinnocent______.
ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeopleBeingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskillbutnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenofthesocalledGenerationMarespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthatinfacttheseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.AtthesametimethattheyareworkingyoungadultsarealsosurfingontheInternetorsendingoutemailstotheirfriendsand/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPodsoronanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedupintheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople’sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmodemgadgetsontheirperformanceoftaskstheoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskillsresultinginadeclineinthequalityofwritingforexamplebecauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarlyemployersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragainastheyhavebecomedeskilled.Whileallthismaybetrueitmustbeborneinmindthatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infacttoomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectofthewaytoday’syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities
PeoplefrommanycountriesweredrawntotheUnitedStatesbythegrowingcitiesandindustries.
Aseismographisadevicedesignedtomeasurevibrationsoftheground.
Theexplorationofouterspaceisagreattriumphofmodernscience.
Thequestionwasdiscardedbecauseitwasambiguous.
OntheTrain ThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassocrowdedthatDonaldwhowasonhiswaytoLondontofindatemporaryjobfortheuniversityvacationwishedthathehaddecidedtotravelbyday.Hehadneverbeensohardup. Hegotonthetrainandwalkedalongthecorridorofthesecond-classcompartments.Hecouldn’’tfindaseatanywhere.Hecouldnotaffordtotravelfirstclassandhedidnotwanttostandinthecorridor.Neitherdidhewanttositonhissuitcase.Hewassotiredthathedecidedtositdowninafirstclasscompartmentatleastforawhile.Hesoonfoundonewithasingleoccupant乘客agentlemanreadingdocumentsfromabriefcase.Withtheself-assuranceofafirstclasstravelerheopenedthedoorandwentin.Nosoonerhadhesatdownthantheticketinspectorarrived.Whatbadluck!Nowhewouldhavetopaytheexcess额外的fare.Asheturnedouthispockettofindenoughmoneyhesawthegentlemanwaswatchinghimwithamusement.Itwashumiliating令人感到羞辱的.Howeverhewassotiredthathesoonfellasleep. Presentlyhearinganoisehehalfopenedhiseyes.Notonlydidhenoticethathistravelingcompanionhadgonebuthealsosawthatarough-lookingmanwassearchingthroughthebusinessman’’sbriefcase.Donaldgrabbedthebriefcaseandwrenched猛夺itfreekickingattheman’’sleg.Themanfled. ThenthebusinessmanreturnedandfoundDonaldholdingthebriefcaseandpeeringinsideit.Donaldrealizedthathewasinquiteanawkwardsituationbutthemanwassmiling.Norwasthistheonlysurprisingthing.NotonlywasthegentlemanwhointroducedhimselfasMr.SmithsmilingbuthethankedDonaldwarmly.OnhiswaybacktothecompartmentMr.Smithhadseenthemanleavinginagreathurry.HehadsoquicklyassessedthesituationthatheknewDonaldwasinnocent. OnlyafteralongchatinwhichDonaldwasaskedmanyquestionsabouthimselfdidDonalddiscoverthatMr.SmithwasinfactmanagingdirectorofalargefactoryinLondon.DonaldhadneverimaginedthatthisstrangeincidentwouldhelphimtofindajobbutjustastheywereleavingthetrainMr.SmithofferedhimthepostoftemporaryNightSecurityOfficerforhisfactory. ThetrainDonaldtookwas______.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Mostbathing-womenwere______.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
Dyslexia Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisorder2calleddyslexia. Expertsondyslexiasaythattheproblemisnotadisease.Theysaythatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.Oneoftheworldsgreatthinkersandscientists.AlbertEinsteinwasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordsthewaythatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead. TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.DyslexiafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan80yearsago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredthatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowordisabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswithdyslexiaaredifferent. Inmostpeopletheleftsideofthebrain—thepartthatcontrolslanguageislargerthantherightside.Inpersonswithdyslexiatherightsideofthebrainisbigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.Howeverresearchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthaninfemalesanditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoarelefthanded4.Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexiabutsomescientistsbelievethatitmayresultfromchemicalchangesinababy’’sbodylongbeforeitisborn.Theyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithdyslexia.Dyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindsofteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirproblemswithlanguagetheyoftenshowthemselvestobeespeciallyintelligentorcreative. Manygreatthinkersandscientistsintheworldaredyslexic.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
AmericansDecrease IncreasinglyhistoriansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthestaggeringdisparity不同betweentheindigenous本土的populationofAmericain1492—newestimatesofwhichsoarashighas100millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime—andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorintheprecipitous险峻的declineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdiseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soil处女地epidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologically免疫学的almostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies病—smallpoxmeasles麻疹malaria疟病yellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveralmore—wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontainreportsofhorrendous可怕的epidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmanycasesbyrecentequantitativeanalysesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegintokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventiethcenturybywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.FurthermoretheBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthanenslavingthemastheSpaniardsdidsothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonistsdirectobservation. EvensothesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongtheindigenouspopulation.In1616—1619anepidemicpossiblyofbubonicorpneumonic肺的plague瘟疫sweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630’’ssmall-poxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeopleeliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820’’sfeverdevastatedthepeopleoftheCoulumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutoftenofthem. UnfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedoknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBay.Quebecaffected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedevastatingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity. WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBay?
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Thebathingmachinewasused______.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
Ifwoolisputintohotwaterittendstoshrink.
Threestraightlinesmeetingatthreepointsconstituteatriangle.
Afterthewholeday’’smarchtheyaretoofatiguetowalkanymore.
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved1tobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46A.reportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfrothesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50AccordingtoRobertBellitisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.AHesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationatratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.BBytheyear2004itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.CIfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaid.D.ThenwhofinancestheresearchEForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.FTheconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.
HelenandMartinWithathoughtfulsighHelenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.51herbrotherneverarriveForabriefmomentshewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.OvertheyearsHelenhadgiven52waitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgradually53untilnowasshesatwaitingforhimsheexperiencednomorethanasister’s54toseewhathad55ofherbrother.Almostwithout56MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasakeyfigureintheUSoffice.Somehowthetwoofthemhadn’t57tokeepintouchandleftaloneHelenhadslowlyfoundher58inherownjudgementgrowing.59thewishesofherparentsshehadleftuniversityhalfway60hercourseandnowtotheastonishmentofthewholefamilyshewas61afast-growingreputationinthepagesofrespectedartmagazinesandwasactuallyearningenoughtolive62fromherpaintings.Ofcourseshe63nopleasureinMartin’ssuddenmisfortunebutshecouldn’t64lookingforwardtoherbrother’sarrivalwith65satisfactionatwhatshehadachieved.
Dyslexia Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearningdisorder2calleddyslexia. Expertsondyslexiasaythattheproblemisnotadisease.Theysaythatpersonswithdyslexiauseinformationinadifferentway.Oneoftheworldsgreatthinkersandscientists.AlbertEinsteinwasdyslexic.Einsteinsaidthatheneverthoughtinwordsthewaythatmostpeopledo.Hesaidthathethoughtinpicturesinstead. TheAmericaninventorThomasEdisonwasalsodyslexic.DyslexiafirstwasrecognizedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan80yearsago.Manyyearspassedbeforedoctorsdiscoveredthatpersonswiththedisorderwerenotmentallyslowordisabled.Thedoctorsfoundthatthebrainsofpersonswithdyslexiaaredifferent. Inmostpeopletheleftsideofthebrain—thepartthatcontrolslanguageislargerthantherightside.Inpersonswithdyslexiatherightsideofthebrainisbigger.Doctorsarenotsurewhatcausesthisdifference.Howeverresearchhasshownthatdyslexiaismorecommoninmalesthaninfemalesanditisfoundmoreofteninpersonswhoarelefthanded4.Nooneknowsthecauseofdyslexiabutsomescientistsbelievethatitmayresultfromchemicalchangesinababy’’sbodylongbeforeitisborn.Theyaretryingtofindwaystoteachpersonswithdyslexia.Dyslexicpersonsthinkdifferentlyandneedspecialkindsofteachinghelp.Aftertheyhavesolvedtheirproblemswithlanguagetheyoftenshowthemselvestobeespeciallyintelligentorcreative. Itisbelievedthatdyslexiaisrelatedtothebadhabitsofababy’smother.
AmericansDecrease IncreasinglyhistoriansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthestaggeringdisparity不同betweentheindigenous本土的populationofAmericain1492—newestimatesofwhichsoarashighas100millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime—andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorintheprecipitous险峻的declineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdiseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soil处女地epidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologically免疫学的almostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies病—smallpoxmeasles麻疹malaria疟病yellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveralmore—wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontainreportsofhorrendous可怕的epidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmanycasesbyrecentequantitativeanalysesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegintokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventiethcenturybywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.FurthermoretheBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthanenslavingthemastheSpaniardsdidsothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonistsdirectobservation. EvensothesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongtheindigenouspopulation.In1616—1619anepidemicpossiblyofbubonicorpneumonic肺的plague瘟疫sweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630’’ssmall-poxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeopleeliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820’’sfeverdevastatedthepeopleoftheCoulumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutoftenofthem. UnfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedoknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBay.Quebecaffected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedevastatingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity. AccordingtothepassagetheBritishcolonialistsdifferedfromtheSpanishcolonialistsinthattheformer______.
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