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Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers secrete a protective oil.
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Anewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsar
Doyouknowwhy_____penguinslivingon_____Southpoleare
the; the
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the; /
/ ; /
Asmanyas10ofthe17kindsofpenguins企鹅maybeindangerofd
Penguinsarebirdsbuttheycan’tfly.Theycanstandandwal
Allpenguins企鹅swimincoldwatersandsoneedagoodlayerof
PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecauset
hide
warm
produce
absorb
LifeisgoodforpenguinsinAntarctica南极洲attheendofthem
词语填空用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空使短文通顺正确连贯每个单词限用一次fromsosomewher
WelcometoPhillipIslandNatureParkandthepenguinparad
Anewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsar
Ithasbeen provenmanytimesthat.
pagers can reduce network overload
pagers do not suffer from network overload
disaster can reduce network overload
disaster do not suffer from network overload
---Doyouknowthedangercausedbysmoking?---Yestoomany
a person suffers from
a person to suffer from
a person being suffered from
a person suffering from
Anewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsar
PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecauset
hide
warm
produce
absorb
Imaginebeingacrewmemberhundredsofyearsagosailingin
LifeisgoodforpenguinsinAntarctica南极洲attheendofthem
Pollystoppedatagasstation加油站tofillup.Amanwhoworked
PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecause
hide
warm
produce
absorb
Almostallpenguins企鹅swimincoldwatersandneedagoodlay
Nowadaysit’scommontokeepdogsaspets.Wecanoftenseedo
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Thebenzenemoleculecontainssixcarbonatomsjoinedtogetherintheformofasix-sidedring.
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
Coughsyrupsandcoldremediesthataremanufacturedwithalcoholwilllastmuchlongerthanthosepreparedwithwater.
WhatIsMarketThewordmarketisusedinanumberofways.Thereisastockmarketandanautomobilemarketaretailmarketforfurnitureandawholesalemarketforfurniture.Onepersonmaybegoingtothemarket:anothermayplantomarketaproduct.WhatthenisamarketAmarketmaybedefinedasaplacewherebuyersandsellersmeetgoodsorservicesareofferedforsale.andtransfersofownershipoccur.Amarketmayalsobedefinedasthedemandmadebyacertaingroupofpotentialbuyersforagoodorservice.Forinstancethereisafarmmarketforpetroleumproducts.Thetermsmarketanddemandareoftenusedinterchangeably;theymayalsobeusedjointlyasmarketdemand.Thesedefinitionsarenotsufficientlyprecisetobeusefultoushere.Forbusinesspurposeswedefineamarketaspeopleororganizationswithwantsneedstosatisfymoneytospendandthewillingnesstospendit.Thusinthemarketdemandforanygivenproductorservicetherearethreefactorstoconsider—peopleororganizationswithwantsneedstheirpurchasingpowerandtheirbuyingbehavior.Weshallemploythedictionarydefinitionofneeds:thelackofanythingthatisrequireddesiredoruseful.Wedonotlimitneedstothenarrowphysiologicalrequirementsoffoodclothingandshelteressentialforsurvival.Inourdiscussionthewordsneedsandwantsareusedsynonymouslyandinterchangeably.Inastrictinterpretationhoweverneedswouldrefertosuchbasicphysiologicalrequirementsasfoodclothingandshelterwhilewantswouldbenon-basicpreferences.Howeverinouraffluentsocietylittleistobegainedbytryingtodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.Manyofuswouldseeasneedssomeitemsthatarefarbeyondfoodclothingandshelter.Thedefinitionofmarketfornonbusinesspurposesinvolvesthreefactors:buyerssellersandgoodsandservices.
UnidentifiedFlyingObjectUnidentifiedFlyingObjectUFOisanyobjectorlightreportedlysightedintheskythatcannotbeimmediatelyexplainedbytheobserver.SightingsofunusualflyingobjectsdatebacktoancienttimesbutUFOssometimescalledflyingsaucersbecamewidelydiscussedonlyafterthefirstwidelypublicizedU.Ssightingin1947.Manythousandsofsuchobservationshavesincebeenreportedworldwide.Atleast90percentofUFOsightingscanbeidentifiedasconventionalobjectsalthoughtime—consuminginvestigationsareoftennecessaryforsuchidentification.TheobjectsmostoftenmistakenforUFOsarebrightplanetsandstarsaircraftbirdsballoonskitesaorialflarespeculiarcloudsmeteorsandsatellites.TheremainingsightingsmostlikelycanbeattributedtoothermistakensightingsortoinaccuratereportingtricksordelusionsalthoughtodisproveallclaimsmadeaboutUFOsisimpossible.From1947to1969theU.S.ForceinvestigatedUFOsasapossiblethreattonationalsecurity.Atotalof12618reportswerereceivedofwhich701reportsor5.6percentwerelistedasunexplained.TheairforceconcludedthatnoUFOreportedinvestigatedandevaluatedbytheAirForcehasevergivenanyindicationofthreattoournationalsecurity.Since1969noagencyoftheU.S.governmenthashadanyactiveprogramofUFOinvestigation.SomepersonshoweverbelievethatUFOsareextraterrestrialspacecrafteventhoughnoscientificallyvalidevidencesupportsthatbelief.Thepossibilityofextraterrestrialcivilizationsisnotthestumblingblock;mostscientistsgrantthatintelligentlifemaywellexistelsewhereintheuniverse.AfullyconvincingUFOphotographhasyettobetakenhoweverandthescientificmethodrequiresthathighlyspeculativeexplanationsshouldnotbeadoptedunlessallofthemoreordinaryexplanationscanberuledout.UFOenthusiastspersisthoweverandsomepersonsevenclaimtohavebeencapturedandtakenaboardUFOs.Noonehasproducedscientificallyacceptableproofoftheseclaims.BehavioralscientistCarlSaganonceproposedthatcertainpsychologicalneedsaremetbybeliefinsuperiorbeingsfromotherworlds./AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingabouttheUFOinvestigationbytheU.S.AirforceisNOTtrue______.
HighPercentageofAccidentsPlacingahumanbeingbehindthewheelofanautomobileoftenhasthesamecurioseffectascuttingcertainfibresinthebrain.Theresultineithercaseismoreprimitivebehaviour.Hostilefeelingsareapttobeexpressedinanaggressiveway.Thesamemanwhowillstepasideforastrangeratadoorwaywillwhenbehindthewheelriskanaccidenttryingtobeatanothermotoristthroughanintersection.Theimportanceofemotionalfactorsinautomobileaccidentsisgainingrecognition.Doctorsandotherscientistshaveconcludedthatthehighwaydeathtollresemblesadiseaseepidemicandshouldbeinvestigatedassuch.DrRossA.McFarlandAssociateProfessorofindustrialHygieneattheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthaidthataccidentsnowconstituteagreaterthreattothesafetyoflargesegmentsofthepopulationthandiseasesdo.Accidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathbetweentheagesof1and35.Aboutonethirdofallaccidentaldeathsandoneseventhofallaccidentalinjuriesarecausedbymotorvehicles.Basedonthepresentrateofvehicleregistrationunlesstheaccidentrateiscutinhalfoneofevery10personsinthecountrywillbekilledorinjuredinatrafficaccidentinthenext15years.Researchtofindtheunderlyingcausesofaccidentsandtodevelopwaystodetectdriverswhoareapttocausethemisbeingconductedatuniversitiesandmedicalcentres.Herearesomeoftheirfindingssofar:Amandrivesashelives.Ifheisoftenintroublewithcollectionagenciesthecourtsandpolicehewillhaverepeatedautomobileaccidents.Accidentrepeatersusuallyareegocentricexhibitionisticresentfulofauthorityimpulsiveandlackinginsocialresponsibility.AsgrouptheycanbeclassifiedasborderlinepsychopathicpersonalitiesaccordingtoDr.McFarland.Thesuspicionhoweverthataccidentrepeaterscouldbedetectedinadvancebyscreeningoutpersonswithmorehostileimpulsesisfalse.AstudyattheUniversityofColoradoshowedthattherewerejustasmanyoverlyhostilepersonsamongthosewhohadnoaccidentsasamongthosewithrepeatedaccidents.PsychologistscurrentlyarestudyingDenverhighschoolpupilstotestthevalidityofthisconcept.Theyaremakingpsychologicalevaluationsofthepupilstoseewhethersubsequentdrivingrecordswillbearouttheirthesis.AccordingtoDr.McFarlandaccidentrepeatersare______
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
UnidentifiedFlyingObjectUnidentifiedFlyingObjectUFOisanyobjectorlightreportedlysightedintheskythatcannotbeimmediatelyexplainedbytheobserver.SightingsofunusualflyingobjectsdatebacktoancienttimesbutUFOssometimescalledflyingsaucersbecamewidelydiscussedonlyafterthefirstwidelypublicizedU.Ssightingin1947.Manythousandsofsuchobservationshavesincebeenreportedworldwide.Atleast90percentofUFOsightingscanbeidentifiedasconventionalobjectsalthoughtime—consuminginvestigationsareoftennecessaryforsuchidentification.TheobjectsmostoftenmistakenforUFOsarebrightplanetsandstarsaircraftbirdsballoonskitesaorialflarespeculiarcloudsmeteorsandsatellites.TheremainingsightingsmostlikelycanbeattributedtoothermistakensightingsortoinaccuratereportingtricksordelusionsalthoughtodisproveallclaimsmadeaboutUFOsisimpossible.From1947to1969theU.S.ForceinvestigatedUFOsasapossiblethreattonationalsecurity.Atotalof12618reportswerereceivedofwhich701reportsor5.6percentwerelistedasunexplained.TheairforceconcludedthatnoUFOreportedinvestigatedandevaluatedbytheAirForcehasevergivenanyindicationofthreattoournationalsecurity.Since1969noagencyoftheU.S.governmenthashadanyactiveprogramofUFOinvestigation.SomepersonshoweverbelievethatUFOsareextraterrestrialspacecrafteventhoughnoscientificallyvalidevidencesupportsthatbelief.Thepossibilityofextraterrestrialcivilizationsisnotthestumblingblock;mostscientistsgrantthatintelligentlifemaywellexistelsewhereintheuniverse.AfullyconvincingUFOphotographhasyettobetakenhoweverandthescientificmethodrequiresthathighlyspeculativeexplanationsshouldnotbeadoptedunlessallofthemoreordinaryexplanationscanberuledout.UFOenthusiastspersisthoweverandsomepersonsevenclaimtohavebeencapturedandtakenaboardUFOs.Noonehasproducedscientificallyacceptableproofoftheseclaims.BehavioralscientistCarlSaganonceproposedthatcertainpsychologicalneedsaremetbybeliefinsuperiorbeingsfromotherworlds./WhatwasthesignificanceoftheUFOsightingin1947accordingtothepassage______
A.canbefoundinParisB.themajoreventsofthenationC.ofthecountry’sindustriesD.alotofcinemasandtheatresE.hasbeengrowingsteadilyF.hasbeendecreasingrapidlySincethe10thcenturythepopulationofParis______.
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
WhatIsMarketThewordmarketisusedinanumberofways.Thereisastockmarketandanautomobilemarketaretailmarketforfurnitureandawholesalemarketforfurniture.Onepersonmaybegoingtothemarket:anothermayplantomarketaproduct.WhatthenisamarketAmarketmaybedefinedasaplacewherebuyersandsellersmeetgoodsorservicesareofferedforsale.andtransfersofownershipoccur.Amarketmayalsobedefinedasthedemandmadebyacertaingroupofpotentialbuyersforagoodorservice.Forinstancethereisafarmmarketforpetroleumproducts.Thetermsmarketanddemandareoftenusedinterchangeably;theymayalsobeusedjointlyasmarketdemand.Thesedefinitionsarenotsufficientlyprecisetobeusefultoushere.Forbusinesspurposeswedefineamarketaspeopleororganizationswithwantsneedstosatisfymoneytospendandthewillingnesstospendit.Thusinthemarketdemandforanygivenproductorservicetherearethreefactorstoconsider—peopleororganizationswithwantsneedstheirpurchasingpowerandtheirbuyingbehavior.Weshallemploythedictionarydefinitionofneeds:thelackofanythingthatisrequireddesiredoruseful.Wedonotlimitneedstothenarrowphysiologicalrequirementsoffoodclothingandshelteressentialforsurvival.Inourdiscussionthewordsneedsandwantsareusedsynonymouslyandinterchangeably.Inastrictinterpretationhoweverneedswouldrefertosuchbasicphysiologicalrequirementsasfoodclothingandshelterwhilewantswouldbenon-basicpreferences.Howeverinouraffluentsocietylittleistobegainedbytryingtodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.Manyofuswouldseeasneedssomeitemsthatarefarbeyondfoodclothingandshelter.Marketscanbeclassifiedaccordingtowhatissoldonamarketandhowgoodsaresold.
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
WhatIsMarketThewordmarketisusedinanumberofways.Thereisastockmarketandanautomobilemarketaretailmarketforfurnitureandawholesalemarketforfurniture.Onepersonmaybegoingtothemarket:anothermayplantomarketaproduct.WhatthenisamarketAmarketmaybedefinedasaplacewherebuyersandsellersmeetgoodsorservicesareofferedforsale.andtransfersofownershipoccur.Amarketmayalsobedefinedasthedemandmadebyacertaingroupofpotentialbuyersforagoodorservice.Forinstancethereisafarmmarketforpetroleumproducts.Thetermsmarketanddemandareoftenusedinterchangeably;theymayalsobeusedjointlyasmarketdemand.Thesedefinitionsarenotsufficientlyprecisetobeusefultoushere.Forbusinesspurposeswedefineamarketaspeopleororganizationswithwantsneedstosatisfymoneytospendandthewillingnesstospendit.Thusinthemarketdemandforanygivenproductorservicetherearethreefactorstoconsider—peopleororganizationswithwantsneedstheirpurchasingpowerandtheirbuyingbehavior.Weshallemploythedictionarydefinitionofneeds:thelackofanythingthatisrequireddesiredoruseful.Wedonotlimitneedstothenarrowphysiologicalrequirementsoffoodclothingandshelteressentialforsurvival.Inourdiscussionthewordsneedsandwantsareusedsynonymouslyandinterchangeably.Inastrictinterpretationhoweverneedswouldrefertosuchbasicphysiologicalrequirementsasfoodclothingandshelterwhilewantswouldbenon-basicpreferences.Howeverinouraffluentsocietylittleistobegainedbytryingtodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.Manyofuswouldseeasneedssomeitemsthatarefarbeyondfoodclothingandshelter.Inourrichsocietyitispointlesstoseparatepeople’sneedsfromtheirwants.
PainAllofushavefeltpain.Wehavecutourselves.Wehavebeenburned.Orwehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrarely.46Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmindmakingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.Withoutitwewouldnotknowifwehavehurtourselves.Itisourbody’swarningsystem.47Painisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctor.Itisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines.Untilrecentlyhowevermostdoctorsknewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains.48Butnewknowledgeabouttheprocessofpainishelpingthemtocontrolpainbetter.Scientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainismadeupofbothchemicalandelectricalsignals.49Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain:oneveryfasttheotherslow.Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.Itmovesataspeedof30metersasecond.Inlessthanasecondthebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.50Ittellsusnottousetheinjuredpartuntilitheals.A.Andothershavepainfulattacksallthetime.B.Thesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredareaupthespinalcord脊髓tothebrainandbackdownagain.C.Ittellsusthatweareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutit.D.Theyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.E.Theothermessagemovesataspeedofonlyonemeterasecond.F.Andtheysendthesecondslowermessageofpaintothebrain.
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
LiteraryhistoriansbelieveEmilyDickinsonhadalonelyexistencefindingjoyonlyinherpoetry.
A.canbefoundinParisB.themajoreventsofthenationC.ofthecountry’sindustriesD.alotofcinemasandtheatresE.hasbeengrowingsteadilyF.hasbeendecreasingrapidlyParisisnotonlythecenterofeducationofFrancebutalsothecenter______.
Maineisjustlyfamousforitsbeautifullakesandponds.
Acorporationisabusinessorganizationthatisformedtoactasasinglepersonandislegallyendowedwithparticularrightsandduties.
UnidentifiedFlyingObjectUnidentifiedFlyingObjectUFOisanyobjectorlightreportedlysightedintheskythatcannotbeimmediatelyexplainedbytheobserver.SightingsofunusualflyingobjectsdatebacktoancienttimesbutUFOssometimescalledflyingsaucersbecamewidelydiscussedonlyafterthefirstwidelypublicizedU.Ssightingin1947.Manythousandsofsuchobservationshavesincebeenreportedworldwide.Atleast90percentofUFOsightingscanbeidentifiedasconventionalobjectsalthoughtime—consuminginvestigationsareoftennecessaryforsuchidentification.TheobjectsmostoftenmistakenforUFOsarebrightplanetsandstarsaircraftbirdsballoonskitesaorialflarespeculiarcloudsmeteorsandsatellites.TheremainingsightingsmostlikelycanbeattributedtoothermistakensightingsortoinaccuratereportingtricksordelusionsalthoughtodisproveallclaimsmadeaboutUFOsisimpossible.From1947to1969theU.S.ForceinvestigatedUFOsasapossiblethreattonationalsecurity.Atotalof12618reportswerereceivedofwhich701reportsor5.6percentwerelistedasunexplained.TheairforceconcludedthatnoUFOreportedinvestigatedandevaluatedbytheAirForcehasevergivenanyindicationofthreattoournationalsecurity.Since1969noagencyoftheU.S.governmenthashadanyactiveprogramofUFOinvestigation.SomepersonshoweverbelievethatUFOsareextraterrestrialspacecrafteventhoughnoscientificallyvalidevidencesupportsthatbelief.Thepossibilityofextraterrestrialcivilizationsisnotthestumblingblock;mostscientistsgrantthatintelligentlifemaywellexistelsewhereintheuniverse.AfullyconvincingUFOphotographhasyettobetakenhoweverandthescientificmethodrequiresthathighlyspeculativeexplanationsshouldnotbeadoptedunlessallofthemoreordinaryexplanationscanberuledout.UFOenthusiastspersisthoweverandsomepersonsevenclaimtohavebeencapturedandtakenaboardUFOs.Noonehasproducedscientificallyacceptableproofoftheseclaims.BehavioralscientistCarlSaganonceproposedthatcertainpsychologicalneedsaremetbybeliefinsuperiorbeingsfromotherworlds./WhydidCarlSaganthinktherearesomanyUFOenthusiasts______
PainAllofushavefeltpain.Wehavecutourselves.Wehavebeenburned.Orwehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrarely.46Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmindmakingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.Withoutitwewouldnotknowifwehavehurtourselves.Itisourbody’swarningsystem.47Painisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctor.Itisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines.Untilrecentlyhowevermostdoctorsknewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains.48Butnewknowledgeabouttheprocessofpainishelpingthemtocontrolpainbetter.Scientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainismadeupofbothchemicalandelectricalsignals.49Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain:oneveryfasttheotherslow.Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.Itmovesataspeedof30metersasecond.Inlessthanasecondthebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.50Ittellsusnottousetheinjuredpartuntilitheals.A.Andothershavepainfulattacksallthetime.B.Thesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredareaupthespinalcord脊髓tothebrainandbackdownagain.C.Ittellsusthatweareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutit.D.Theyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.E.Theothermessagemovesataspeedofonlyonemeterasecond.F.Andtheysendthesecondslowermessageofpaintothebrain.
HighPercentageofAccidentsPlacingahumanbeingbehindthewheelofanautomobileoftenhasthesamecurioseffectascuttingcertainfibresinthebrain.Theresultineithercaseismoreprimitivebehaviour.Hostilefeelingsareapttobeexpressedinanaggressiveway.Thesamemanwhowillstepasideforastrangeratadoorwaywillwhenbehindthewheelriskanaccidenttryingtobeatanothermotoristthroughanintersection.Theimportanceofemotionalfactorsinautomobileaccidentsisgainingrecognition.Doctorsandotherscientistshaveconcludedthatthehighwaydeathtollresemblesadiseaseepidemicandshouldbeinvestigatedassuch.DrRossA.McFarlandAssociateProfessorofindustrialHygieneattheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthaidthataccidentsnowconstituteagreaterthreattothesafetyoflargesegmentsofthepopulationthandiseasesdo.Accidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathbetweentheagesof1and35.Aboutonethirdofallaccidentaldeathsandoneseventhofallaccidentalinjuriesarecausedbymotorvehicles.Basedonthepresentrateofvehicleregistrationunlesstheaccidentrateiscutinhalfoneofevery10personsinthecountrywillbekilledorinjuredinatrafficaccidentinthenext15years.Researchtofindtheunderlyingcausesofaccidentsandtodevelopwaystodetectdriverswhoareapttocausethemisbeingconductedatuniversitiesandmedicalcentres.Herearesomeoftheirfindingssofar:Amandrivesashelives.Ifheisoftenintroublewithcollectionagenciesthecourtsandpolicehewillhaverepeatedautomobileaccidents.Accidentrepeatersusuallyareegocentricexhibitionisticresentfulofauthorityimpulsiveandlackinginsocialresponsibility.AsgrouptheycanbeclassifiedasborderlinepsychopathicpersonalitiesaccordingtoDr.McFarland.Thesuspicionhoweverthataccidentrepeaterscouldbedetectedinadvancebyscreeningoutpersonswithmorehostileimpulsesisfalse.AstudyattheUniversityofColoradoshowedthattherewerejustasmanyoverlyhostilepersonsamongthosewhohadnoaccidentsasamongthosewithrepeatedaccidents.PsychologistscurrentlyarestudyingDenverhighschoolpupilstotestthevalidityofthisconcept.Theyaremakingpsychologicalevaluationsofthepupilstoseewhethersubsequentdrivingrecordswillbearouttheirthesis.Dr.McFarlandemphasizesthegreatmenaceofaccidentsbycomparingitto______.
A.HistoryofthecityB.IndustriesofthecityC.PopulationgrowthD.EducationE.CulturalcenterF.ImmigrationParagraph3______
WhatIsMarketThewordmarketisusedinanumberofways.Thereisastockmarketandanautomobilemarketaretailmarketforfurnitureandawholesalemarketforfurniture.Onepersonmaybegoingtothemarket:anothermayplantomarketaproduct.WhatthenisamarketAmarketmaybedefinedasaplacewherebuyersandsellersmeetgoodsorservicesareofferedforsale.andtransfersofownershipoccur.Amarketmayalsobedefinedasthedemandmadebyacertaingroupofpotentialbuyersforagoodorservice.Forinstancethereisafarmmarketforpetroleumproducts.Thetermsmarketanddemandareoftenusedinterchangeably;theymayalsobeusedjointlyasmarketdemand.Thesedefinitionsarenotsufficientlyprecisetobeusefultoushere.Forbusinesspurposeswedefineamarketaspeopleororganizationswithwantsneedstosatisfymoneytospendandthewillingnesstospendit.Thusinthemarketdemandforanygivenproductorservicetherearethreefactorstoconsider—peopleororganizationswithwantsneedstheirpurchasingpowerandtheirbuyingbehavior.Weshallemploythedictionarydefinitionofneeds:thelackofanythingthatisrequireddesiredoruseful.Wedonotlimitneedstothenarrowphysiologicalrequirementsoffoodclothingandshelteressentialforsurvival.Inourdiscussionthewordsneedsandwantsareusedsynonymouslyandinterchangeably.Inastrictinterpretationhoweverneedswouldrefertosuchbasicphysiologicalrequirementsasfoodclothingandshelterwhilewantswouldbenon-basicpreferences.Howeverinouraffluentsocietylittleistobegainedbytryingtodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.Manyofuswouldseeasneedssomeitemsthatarefarbeyondfoodclothingandshelter.Needsandwantsmeanthesameinourdiscussion.
ExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerciseoftenarelesslikelytodiefromcancerthanthosewho51newresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerrevealedyesterday.AteamofscientistsfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenlooked52theeffectofphysicalactivityandcancerriskin40708men53between45and79.Theseven-yearstudyfoundthatmen54walkedorcycledforatleast80minutesadayhada84percentlowerriskof55fromcancerthanthemenwhodidlessexerciseornothingatall.56theperiodstudied3714mendevelopedcancerand1153diedfromthedisease.Theresearcherssuggestthathalfanhour’swalking57cyclingadayincreasedsurvivalamongthesemenby33percent.TheresearcherssurveyedmenfromtwocountiesincentralSwedenabouttheirlifestyleandtheamountof58activitytheywereusuallydoing.Theythenscoredtheseresponsesandcomparedtheresults59dataoncancerdiagnosisanddeathofficiallyrecordedinacentralcancerregistryoverasevenyearperiod.LeadauthorProfessorAlicjaWolksaid:Theseresultsclearlyshowforthefirsttimetheeffectthatverysimpleandbasicdaily60suchaswalkingorcyclinghasinreducingcancerdeathriskinmiddle-agedandelderly61DrLesleyWalkerdirectorofcancerinformationatCancerResearchUKsaid:Thisstudygivesusaclearindicationthatmenwhoexerciseareless62todiefromcancerandthattheyaremorelikelyto63thediseaseiftheygetit.It’snotentirelyclearfromthisstudywhatroleexerciseplaysinpreventing64inmenbutwedoknowthatahealthylifestylecanpreventuptohalfofallcancersand65exerciseformsakeypartofthis./
A.HistoryofthecityB.IndustriesofthecityC.PopulationgrowthD.EducationE.CulturalcenterF.ImmigrationParagraph5______
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