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A Small Event One afternoon in January 1989, Suzan Sharp, 43, ...
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理工类《单选集填空》真题及答案
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MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
A.anopeningceremonyB.61countriesC.awreathlayingceremonyD.the60thanniversaryofitsvictoryoverNaziGermanyE.theroadofpeaceanddevelopmentF.55millionpeopleoftheirlivesWorldWarTwodeprived______.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
TheProblemBroughtByIncreasingPopulationAveryimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.SowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplaceItisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownasDeathControl.YouhavenodoubtheardofthetermBirthControl.DeathControlissomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewhonotverylongagowouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatincludefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseaseswehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.Howeverthissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulationwebegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareoflandwewouldeachhaveabout50000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthreefifthsoftheworld’slandcannotproducefood.Obviouslywithsolittlelandtosupportusweshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Insteadweareconsumingitscapital’—itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoilsgroundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.Itisaverycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlybypoorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffecttheyhaveonnature.Developingcountriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironmentbutitisthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasawhole.Thereisn’tenoughlandtosupporthumanbeingbecause______.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
Ididn'thelphim.Iwouldhave{{U}}however{{/U}}didn'thavethemoney.
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.Thisonethingisthelowtemperature——thekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurviveDowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.AsdiscoveredbyexpeditionscientistsAntarcticahasnotalwaysbeensocoldasitistodaysohastheArctic.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
A.PacificwarB.GloomyworldC.Putin’scommemoratingspeechD.China’sdeterminationE.Schroeder’spleaforforgivenessF.World’sworstdisasterParagraph3______
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.Thisonethingisthelowtemperature——thekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurviveDowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.Despitethehostileenvironmentbothanimalsandplantscanbefoundintheoceansandonlandinpolarareas.
Youdon'tneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;actuallyallfinancial{{U}}businesses{{/U}}willbeconductedbycomputers.
ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWasteThewithdrawalofNevada’sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepositoryhasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issueofScienceUniversityofMichigangeologistRodneyEwingandPrincetonUniversitynuclearphysicistFrankyonHippelarguethatalthoughfederalagenciesshouldsetstandardsandissuelicensesfortheapprovalofnuclearfacilitieslocalcommunitiesandstatesshouldhavethefinalapprovalonthesitingofthesefacilities.Theauthorsproposethedevelopmentofmultiplesitesthatwouldservicetheregionswherenuclearreactorsarelocated.Themaingoal...shouldbetoprovidetheUniedStateswithmultiplealternativesandsubstantialpublicinvolvementinanopensitinganddesignprocessthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstatestheauthorswrite.EwingandyonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountainselectedbyCongressin1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclearwastedisposalfinallywasshelvedaftermorethanthreedecadesofoftencontroversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesite’sgeologicalproblemsmanagementproblemsimportantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sstandardunreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.Goingforwardeffortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilitiesinthenation’snortheasternsoutheasternmid-westernandwesternregionsandstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutionsthatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.TransportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistanceswhichwasaconcernwiththeYuccaMountainsitewouldbelessofaproblembecausetemporarystorageorgeologicaldisposalsitescouldbelocatedclosertoreactors.ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEuropewherespentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwastefromabout150reactorsandreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypessaidRodneyEwingwhohaswrittenextensivelyabouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohasanalyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountainnuclearwasterepository.Whatdoestheauthoroftheessayinthefourthparagraphwanttosay
WealthOnlyBelongingtoOneGenerationTherichhavetraditionallypassedtheirwealthontotheirchildren.Butanincreasingnumberofbillionairesarechoosingnotto.ThereasonTheywanttheirchildrentoliveonthemselvesandnottoturnintospoiledsuccessors.NicolaHorlickorsupermumafamousBritishbillionaireowingtothefactthatshehashigh-flyingjobsandfivekidshasspenthercareermakingareported250mpounds.Shenowseemsdeterminedtothrowofflargepartsofit.Shealreadygivesawayabout25%ofherincomeeachyear;shehasjustrevealedinareportonthestateofcharityinthecitythatshewillnotbeleavingmostoftheremaindertoherchildren.IthinkitiswrongtogivetoomuchinheritedwealthtochildrenHorlicktoldthereport’sauthors.Iwillnotbeleavingallmywealthtomychildrenbecausethatwouldjustruintheirlives.Sheisbynomeansthefirsttogopublicwiththisconviction.BillGateshasputanestimated$30billionintotheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation.Thiswassupplementedin2009byanother$24bnorsofromhisfriendWarrenBuffett.Buffetthasalwaysbeencolorfulquotablyclearonwherehestands.Hisdaughteroftentellsastoryoffindingherselfwithoutchangeforacarparkingticket-herfatherlenther$20thenpromptlymadeherwritehimacheck.TosuggestthatthechildrenofthewealthyshouldbejustaswealthyhehassaidislikesayingthemembersofAmerica’s2004Olympicteamshouldbemadeuponlyofthechildrenofthe1980Olympicteam.AnitaRoddickthelatefounderoftheBodyShoptoldherkidsthattheywouldnotinheritonepenny.ThemoneythatshemadefromthecompanywouldgointotheBodyShopFoundationwhichisn’toneofthoseawfultaxshelterslikesomeinAmerica.Itjustfunctionstotakethemoneyandgiveitaway.WhatdowelearnaboutNicolaHorlick
ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWasteThewithdrawalofNevada’sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepositoryhasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issueofScienceUniversityofMichigangeologistRodneyEwingandPrincetonUniversitynuclearphysicistFrankyonHippelarguethatalthoughfederalagenciesshouldsetstandardsandissuelicensesfortheapprovalofnuclearfacilitieslocalcommunitiesandstatesshouldhavethefinalapprovalonthesitingofthesefacilities.Theauthorsproposethedevelopmentofmultiplesitesthatwouldservicetheregionswherenuclearreactorsarelocated.Themaingoal...shouldbetoprovidetheUniedStateswithmultiplealternativesandsubstantialpublicinvolvementinanopensitinganddesignprocessthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstatestheauthorswrite.EwingandyonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountainselectedbyCongressin1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclearwastedisposalfinallywasshelvedaftermorethanthreedecadesofoftencontroversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesite’sgeologicalproblemsmanagementproblemsimportantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sstandardunreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.Goingforwardeffortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilitiesinthenation’snortheasternsoutheasternmid-westernandwesternregionsandstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutionsthatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.TransportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistanceswhichwasaconcernwiththeYuccaMountainsitewouldbelessofaproblembecausetemporarystorageorgeologicaldisposalsitescouldbelocatedclosertoreactors.ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEuropewherespentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwastefromabout150reactorsandreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypessaidRodneyEwingwhohaswrittenextensivelyabouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohasanalyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountainnuclearwasterepository.AccordingtoRodneyEwingandFrankvonHippelwheretolocatenuclearfacilities______.
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.Thisonethingisthelowtemperature——thekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurviveDowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.TheArcticandAntarcticaarenoman’slandsbecauseoftheirnotoriouscoldness.
Alldogsarecapableofdoing{{U}}harm{{/U}}tohumanbeings.
A.anopeningceremonyB.61countriesC.awreathlayingceremonyD.the60thanniversaryofitsvictoryoverNaziGermanyE.theroadofpeaceanddevelopmentF.55millionpeopleoftheirlivesTheworldleadersfinallyattended______.
TheProblemBroughtByIncreasingPopulationAveryimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.SowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplaceItisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownasDeathControl.YouhavenodoubtheardofthetermBirthControl.DeathControlissomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewhonotverylongagowouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatincludefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseaseswehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.Howeverthissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulationwebegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareoflandwewouldeachhaveabout50000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthreefifthsoftheworld’slandcannotproducefood.Obviouslywithsolittlelandtosupportusweshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Insteadweareconsumingitscapital’—itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoilsgroundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.Itisaverycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlybypoorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffecttheyhaveonnature.Developingcountriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironmentbutitisthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasawhole.Accordingtothearticlewhatcontributestothepopulationincrease
TheProblemBroughtByIncreasingPopulationAveryimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.SowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplaceItisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownasDeathControl.YouhavenodoubtheardofthetermBirthControl.DeathControlissomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewhonotverylongagowouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatincludefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseaseswehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.Howeverthissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulationwebegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareoflandwewouldeachhaveabout50000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthreefifthsoftheworld’slandcannotproducefood.Obviouslywithsolittlelandtosupportusweshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Insteadweareconsumingitscapital’—itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoilsgroundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.Itisaverycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlybypoorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffecttheyhaveonnature.Developingcountriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironmentbutitisthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasawhole.Whatdoestolimittheirreproductioninthelastparagraphmean
MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.Thisonethingisthelowtemperature——thekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurviveDowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.AtonetimetheweatherinAntarcticawassowarmanddampthattreesgrewthere.
Hehastroubleunderstandingthatotherpeoplejudgehimbyhissocialskillsandconduct.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
A.PacificwarB.GloomyworldC.Putin’scommemoratingspeechD.China’sdeterminationE.Schroeder’spleaforforgivenessF.World’sworstdisasterParagraph5______
Hewasawarded＄1000{{U}}damages{{/U}}fortheinjuryhesufferedintheaccident.
WealthOnlyBelongingtoOneGenerationTherichhavetraditionallypassedtheirwealthontotheirchildren.Butanincreasingnumberofbillionairesarechoosingnotto.ThereasonTheywanttheirchildrentoliveonthemselvesandnottoturnintospoiledsuccessors.NicolaHorlickorsupermumafamousBritishbillionaireowingtothefactthatshehashigh-flyingjobsandfivekidshasspenthercareermakingareported250mpounds.Shenowseemsdeterminedtothrowofflargepartsofit.Shealreadygivesawayabout25%ofherincomeeachyear;shehasjustrevealedinareportonthestateofcharityinthecitythatshewillnotbeleavingmostoftheremaindertoherchildren.IthinkitiswrongtogivetoomuchinheritedwealthtochildrenHorlicktoldthereport’sauthors.Iwillnotbeleavingallmywealthtomychildrenbecausethatwouldjustruintheirlives.Sheisbynomeansthefirsttogopublicwiththisconviction.BillGateshasputanestimated$30billionintotheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation.Thiswassupplementedin2009byanother$24bnorsofromhisfriendWarrenBuffett.Buffetthasalwaysbeencolorfulquotablyclearonwherehestands.Hisdaughteroftentellsastoryoffindingherselfwithoutchangeforacarparkingticket-herfatherlenther$20thenpromptlymadeherwritehimacheck.TosuggestthatthechildrenofthewealthyshouldbejustaswealthyhehassaidislikesayingthemembersofAmerica’s2004Olympicteamshouldbemadeuponlyofthechildrenofthe1980Olympicteam.AnitaRoddickthelatefounderoftheBodyShoptoldherkidsthattheywouldnotinheritonepenny.ThemoneythatshemadefromthecompanywouldgointotheBodyShopFoundationwhichisn’toneofthoseawfultaxshelterslikesomeinAmerica.Itjustfunctionstotakethemoneyandgiveitaway.Buffettdistinguisheshimselffor______.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
NuclearEnergyNuclearenergyisanefficientandconvenientsubstituteforconventionalformsofenergywhichwerefoundinspecialgeographicallocations.Largeamountsof51andeffortarerequiredto52theselocations.Oncethesitesarefoundmenandequipmentmustbebroughttotapandusethesesourcesofenergy.Howeveralargeproportionofsuchsitesarefoundonlyinfarand53places.Thisincreasesthedifficultiesof54theseformsofenergy.Withnuclearenergysuchdifficultiesarenotpresent.Nuclearreactorscaneasilybebuiltanywhereandmandoesnothavetocompetewiththe55ofnatureinordertoobtaintheenergy.Forequalamountsofenergynuclearenergyismuchmoreconvenientandinexpensivetoobtainthanconventionalsourcesofenergy.Withnuclearenergytheamountofpollutionisgreatlyreduced.56theproductionofnuclearenergyisbasedonthefission裂变ofatomspollutioniskepttoaverylowlevel.Theenergyproducedinthereactorsisconvertedintoheatandelectricityandthesehave57ornopollutionatall.Conventionalformsoffuel58producelargeamountsofpollution.Productionofnuclearenergyusesthe59ofthefissionofatoms;thus60amountsofenergycanbeobtainedfromit.Theworld’sreservesofoilcoalandnaturalgasarerunning61atatremendousrateandcurrentestimatespredictthat62ofthe21stcenturymostoftheseconventionalfuelswillbeusedup.Nuclearenergyistheexception63thisgloomyprediction.Throughsplittingandfusingatomslargeamountsofenergycanbeproducedand64thisprocesscangoonandonuntilallourenergyneedsaresatisfied.The65ofnuclearenergyasboundlesssourceofenergyisindeedgreatandwemustharnessitwheneverpossibleasconventionalfuelswillnotbearoundmuchlonger.
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