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Water-the Issue of This Century The world is running short ...
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理工类《阅读判断》真题及答案
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Foryoungchildrengettingdressedisa{{U}}complicated{{/U}}business．
{{*HTML*}}请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}LightNightDark Stars{{/B}}??Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsideto gazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnightwithnocloudsmoonlightorartificial lightstoblocktheviewpeoplecanseemorethan14000starsintheskysays DennisWardanastronomer天文学家withtheUniversityCorporationfor AtmosphericResearchUCARinBoulderColo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedby citylightshesaysthey’reluckytosee150stars.??Ifyou’ve everdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance you’vewitessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlightsoffice buildingssignsandothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminates照亮the nightsky.Thishaze朦胧oflightmakesmanystarsinvisible?topeopleon Earth.EvenatnightbigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollutionmaking stargzalng?difficult.??Dustandparticlesofpollution factoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution.Ifonecityhas alotmorelightpollutionthananotherWardsaysthatcitywillsufferthe effectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.??Hazyskies alsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.? ?Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedarkruralareas. Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring使变模糊the faint微弱的lightgiveoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan’tlocatethese objectstheycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.??Lightpollution doesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthat artificiallightcanattractanimalsmakingthemgooffcourse.There’s increasingevidenceforexamplethatmigrating迁徙birdsusesunsetsand sunrisestohelpfindtheirwaysaysSydneyGauthreauxJr.ascientistat ClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.Whenlightoccursatnighthesaysit hasaverydisruptive破坏性的influence.’Sometimesbirdsflyintolighted towershigh-risesandcablesfromradioandtelevision?towers.Experts estimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayevery year.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}Radiocarbon Dating{{/B}}??Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsabout thepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.One keytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenit happened.??Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sby physicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinary carboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子inits nucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthat hastwoextraneutrons.?Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthrough aprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolves?thelossoftheextra neutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.??InLibby’sradiocarbon datingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayorocessare countedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.Thedecayrate isusedtodetermine?theproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeing dated.??Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhen nitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmic?rays宇宙射线.Scientists believesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmosphere ?hasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurat aconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphere isknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsback toatleast50000years.??AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganic molecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.Soallliving thingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheir tissues组织.?Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninany formandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14 inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoes down.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolder thatsampleis.Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}ShoppingatSecond-handClothing Stores{{/B}}??When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollegeshopping atsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomething?hedid--likechanging thetiresonhiscar.’Helookedathisbudgetanddecidedhecouldsavealot ofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.??Evennew clothesarefairlydisposable用后即丢掉的andwearoutafteracoupleofyears Barthsaid.Inthriftshopsyoucanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityis betterthannewclothes.??SincethenBarthwhoworksata GoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFloridahasfoundthatthereareall kindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomeshopasa meansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.??Pat AkinsanaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmySA救世军thriftshopsaid thatforhershoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelpthe environment.??Whenmydaughterwaslittlewelookedatitas recyclingAkinssaid.Alsowhypay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucanget anotheroneforalotless???AkinssaidthattheSAhasshops allovertheUS--someasbigasdepartmentstores.Alloftheclothesare donated捐赠andwhentheyhaveasurplus盈余they’llhavestuffabag’ specialswherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly5or10 dollars.??JuliaSloeum22pointsouthoweverthatthehuge amountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmerican wastefulness.??I’dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultof ourwastefulmaterialisticculture’saidSlocumwhoworksfora pro-conservationorganizationtheCenterforaNewAmericanDream.Thriftshops prevent?thatwastefromgoingtolandfills垃圾填埋场;theygiveclothinga secondlifeprovidecheaperclothingforthosewhocan’taffordtobuynewones andgenerate生成incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthy andmiddleclassestoshed摆脱someoftheguiltfortheirlevelof consumption.WhatdoesAkinsdo?
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}Radiocarbon Dating{{/B}}??Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsabout thepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.One keytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenit happened.??Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sby physicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinary carboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子inits nucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthat hastwoextraneutrons.?Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthrough aprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolves?thelossoftheextra neutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.??InLibby’sradiocarbon datingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayorocessare countedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.Thedecayrate isusedtodetermine?theproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeing dated.??Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhen nitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmic?rays宇宙射线.Scientists believesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmosphere ?hasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurat aconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphere isknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsback toatleast50000years.??AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganic molecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.Soallliving thingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheir tissues组织.?Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninany formandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14 inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoes down.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolder thatsampleis.Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50000years.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}ShoppingatSecond-handClothing Stores{{/B}}??When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollegeshopping atsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomething?hedid--likechanging thetiresonhiscar.’Helookedathisbudgetanddecidedhecouldsavealot ofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.??Evennew clothesarefairlydisposable用后即丢掉的andwearoutafteracoupleofyears Barthsaid.Inthriftshopsyoucanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityis betterthannewclothes.??SincethenBarthwhoworksata GoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFloridahasfoundthatthereareall kindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomeshopasa meansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.??Pat AkinsanaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmySA救世军thriftshopsaid thatforhershoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelpthe environment.??Whenmydaughterwaslittlewelookedatitas recyclingAkinssaid.Alsowhypay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucanget anotheroneforalotless???AkinssaidthattheSAhasshops allovertheUS--someasbigasdepartmentstores.Alloftheclothesare donated捐赠andwhentheyhaveasurplus盈余they’llhavestuffabag’ specialswherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly5or10 dollars.??JuliaSloeum22pointsouthoweverthatthehuge amountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmerican wastefulness.??I’dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultof ourwastefulmaterialisticculture’saidSlocumwhoworksfora pro-conservationorganizationtheCenterforaNewAmericanDream.Thriftshops prevent?thatwastefromgoingtolandfills垃圾填埋场;theygiveclothinga secondlifeprovidecheaperclothingforthosewhocan’taffordtobuynewones andgenerate生成incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthy andmiddleclassestoshed摆脱someoftheguiltfortheirlevelof consumption.Thewordthriftinparagraph1couldbebestreplacedby
Thousandsofpeople{{U}}perished{{/U}}inthestorm
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
Theseprogrammesareof{{U}}immense{{/U}}valuetooldpeople
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Water{{/B}}? ?Thesecondmostimportantconstituent构成成份ofthebiosphere生物圈isliquid water.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperaturessincewater freezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleon thesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrow range.??Theearth’ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairly constantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownvery accuratelybutitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepth ofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesalt wateroftheoceans--about97percent.Therestisfreshbutthree-quartersof thisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountainsandcannotbeusedby livingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionwhichissomewhatless thanonepercentofthewholethereis10～20timesasmuchstoredunderground waterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatinybutextremely importantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswaer?vapourin theatmosphere.??Watervapourintheatmosphereisthechannel throughwhichthewholewatercirculation循环ofthebiospherehastopass.Water evaporated蒸发fromthesurfaceoftheoceansfromlakesandriversandfrom moist潮湿的earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainor snowfallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereisasmightbeexpectedamore intensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceansandthebalanceis restoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformof rivers.ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth
{{*HTML*}}请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}LightNightDark Stars{{/B}}??Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsideto gazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnightwithnocloudsmoonlightorartificial lightstoblocktheviewpeoplecanseemorethan14000starsintheskysays DennisWardanastronomer天文学家withtheUniversityCorporationfor AtmosphericResearchUCARinBoulderColo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedby citylightshesaysthey’reluckytosee150stars.??Ifyou’ve everdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance you’vewitessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlightsoffice buildingssignsandothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminates照亮the nightsky.Thishaze朦胧oflightmakesmanystarsinvisible?topeopleon Earth.EvenatnightbigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollutionmaking stargzalng?difficult.??Dustandparticlesofpollution factoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution.Ifonecityhas alotmorelightpollutionthananotherWardsaysthatcitywillsufferthe effectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.??Hazyskies alsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.? ?Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedarkruralareas. Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring使变模糊the faint微弱的lightgiveoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan’tlocatethese objectstheycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem.??Lightpollution doesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It’sclearthat artificiallightcanattractanimalsmakingthemgooffcourse.There’s increasingevidenceforexamplethatmigrating迁徙birdsusesunsetsand sunrisestohelpfindtheirwaysaysSydneyGauthreauxJr.ascientistat ClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.Whenlightoccursatnighthesaysit hasaverydisruptive破坏性的influence.’Sometimesbirdsflyintolighted towershigh-risesandcablesfromradioandtelevision?towers.Experts estimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayevery year.Lightpollutionoccurswhen
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
Obviouslythesepeoplecanbe{{U}}relied{{/U}}oninacrisis．
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}Radiocarbon Dating{{/B}}??Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsabout thepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.One keytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenit happened.??Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sby physicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinary carboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子inits nucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthat hastwoextraneutrons.?Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthrough aprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolves?thelossoftheextra neutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.??InLibby’sradiocarbon datingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayorocessare countedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.Thedecayrate isusedtodetermine?theproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeing dated.??Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhen nitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmic?rays宇宙射线.Scientists believesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmosphere ?hasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurat aconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphere isknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsback toatleast50000years.??AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganic molecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.Soallliving thingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheir tissues组织.?Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninany formandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14 inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoes down.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolder thatsampleis.Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
Johnis{{U}}collaborating{{/U}}withMaryinwritinganarticle．
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}Water{{/B}}? ?Thesecondmostimportantconstituent构成成份ofthebiosphere生物圈isliquid water.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperaturessincewater freezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleon thesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrow range.??Theearth’ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairly constantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownvery accuratelybutitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepth ofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesalt wateroftheoceans--about97percent.Therestisfreshbutthree-quartersof thisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountainsandcannotbeusedby livingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionwhichissomewhatless thanonepercentofthewholethereis10～20timesasmuchstoredunderground waterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatinybutextremely importantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswaer?vapourin theatmosphere.??Watervapourintheatmosphereisthechannel throughwhichthewholewatercirculation循环ofthebiospherehastopass.Water evaporated蒸发fromthesurfaceoftheoceansfromlakesandriversandfrom moist潮湿的earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainor snowfallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereisasmightbeexpectedamore intensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceansandthebalanceis restoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformof rivers.Thewordfractioninthesecondparagraphmeans
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}Radiocarbon Dating{{/B}}??Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsabout thepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.One keytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenit happened.??Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sby physicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinary carboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子inits nucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthat hastwoextraneutrons.?Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthrough aprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolves?thelossoftheextra neutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.??InLibby’sradiocarbon datingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayorocessare countedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.Thedecayrate isusedtodetermine?theproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeing dated.??Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhen nitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmic?rays宇宙射线.Scientists believesincetheEarthwasformedtheamountofnitrogenintheatmosphere ?hasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurat aconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphere isknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsback toatleast50000years.??AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganic molecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.Soallliving thingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheir tissues组织.?Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninany formandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14 inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoes down.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolder thatsampleis.Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25000years.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
MadScientistStereotypeOutdated Dopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchanged?TheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysics‘boffin’科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon．Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects．98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong．Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard． WhilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofallaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferentSince1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31． Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes．Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety．Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience．Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist． Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity．Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive．Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience． Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized．ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartintheinternationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads．WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountyeveryyear．Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience．Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign． Mostpeoplehavesimilarideasofwhataphysicistlookslike．
MadScientistStereotypeOutdated Dopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchanged?TheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysics‘boffin’科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon．Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects．98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong．Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard． WhilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofallaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferentSince1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31． Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes．Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety．Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience．Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist． Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity．Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive．Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience． Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized．ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartintheinternationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads．WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountyeveryyear．Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience．Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign． Morechildrenwillstudyscienceifitbecomesmoreattractive．
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}}OneGoodReasontoLet SmallpoxLive{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethe totalextinction灭绝ofthesmallpox天花virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygot ridofintheworldscientistswantedto{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thekiller virusinthelasttwolabs--oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:If smallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet{{U}}?52?{{/U}}pointwasthere inkeepingthesereserves???Inrealityofcourseitwasnaive to{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerful potential?weapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}vials小药瓶.AndthelastofficialstocksofliveVirusbred mistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?55?{{/U}}noobvious gain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}}?56?{{/U}}an animalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}fortests onnewtreatmentsandvaccines疫苗.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto{{U}} ?58?{{/U}}thevirus--justin{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thedisease putsinareappearance.??Howdowe{{U}}?60?{{/U}}with themistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}internationalsupportinawell-guardedUNlaboratory that’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasit {{U}}?63?{{/U}}amultilateral多边的approachtojustabouteverything. Butitdoesn’tmeantheideais{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.Ifthevirusis usefulthenlet’s{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ittheservantofallhumanity--not justapartofit.
Theriver{{U}}widens{{/U}}considerablyasitbeginstoturnwest．
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}ShoppingatSecond-handClothing Stores{{/B}}??When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollegeshopping atsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomething?hedid--likechanging thetiresonhiscar.’Helookedathisbudgetanddecidedhecouldsavealot ofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.??Evennew clothesarefairlydisposable用后即丢掉的andwearoutafteracoupleofyears Barthsaid.Inthriftshopsyoucanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityis betterthannewclothes.??SincethenBarthwhoworksata GoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFloridahasfoundthatthereareall kindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomeshopasa meansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.??Pat AkinsanaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmySA救世军thriftshopsaid thatforhershoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelpthe environment.??Whenmydaughterwaslittlewelookedatitas recyclingAkinssaid.Alsowhypay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucanget anotheroneforalotless???AkinssaidthattheSAhasshops allovertheUS--someasbigasdepartmentstores.Alloftheclothesare donated捐赠andwhentheyhaveasurplus盈余they’llhavestuffabag’ specialswherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly5or10 dollars.??JuliaSloeum22pointsouthoweverthatthehuge amountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmerican wastefulness.??I’dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultof ourwastefulmaterialisticculture’saidSlocumwhoworksfora pro-conservationorganizationtheCenterforaNewAmericanDream.Thriftshops prevent?thatwastefromgoingtolandfills垃圾填埋场;theygiveclothinga secondlifeprovidecheaperclothingforthosewhocan’taffordtobuynewones andgenerate生成incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthy andmiddleclassestoshed摆脱someoftheguiltfortheirlevelof consumption.WhichstatementaboutBarthisNOTtrue?
Manyscientistshavebeen{{U}}probing{{/U}}psychologicalproblems．
Allthecarsaretestedfor{{U}}defects{{/U}}beforeleavingthefactory
MadScientistStereotypeOutdated Dopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchanged?TheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysics‘boffin’科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon．Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects．98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong．Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard． WhilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofallaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferentSince1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31． Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes．Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety．Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience．Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist． Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity．Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive．Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience． Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized．ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartintheinternationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads．WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountyeveryyear．Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience．Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign． Themediaandthecinemahaveplayedaroleinpromotingtheimageofthemadscientist．
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