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Have you ever imagined what kind of car we will be driving in 2020? It will be rather different fro...
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高中英语《黑龙江省庆安三中11-12学年高一上学期期末考试（英语）》真题及答案
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It'sthistimeofyearwhentheweatherstartswarmingupandfrogsstartbreeding-buttheyhaven'tbeenbreedingsaysJohnWilkinsonresearchandmonitoringofficerattheAmphibianandReptileConservationTrustARC.Amphibians两栖动物arejustoneofthegroupsofanimalsthatnatureobserversfearmayhaveproblemsreproducingthisyearasgroundwaterlevelsareevenlowernowthanintheinfamouslydrysummerof1976accordingtotheDepartmentforEnvironmentFoodandRuralAffairsDefra.AccordingtotheUK'sCentreforHydrologyandEcologytheaveragerainfallsofarthiswinterhasbeenthelowestsince1972.IfpondsdryuptotallysaysMr.Wilkinsonyoucouldhavelotsofdeadtadpoles.Drierandwindierconditionscouldalsomakeitmoredifficultforjuvenileamphibianstosurvivetheirjourneysbetweenwethabitats.ButPeterBrothertonthebiodiversitymanagerforNaturalEnglandsaysthatdroughtispartofnature'scycleandatpresentalotofanimalsplantsandinsectsarestillinhibernation.Thismeansthatthepopulationpictureisunclear.Howeverwhenwegetextremeeventswegetanimalsdyinghesays.Andwhatisworryingisthatnormallyatthistimeofyearweexpectsoiltobenearsaturation湿润afterwinter.CharlieKitchintheRSPB'ssitemanageroftheNeneWashesinCambridgeshiresaysthe2000-acrewetlandandgrasslandareaisnowstrugglingfollowingtwowinterswithrelativelylittlewinterrainandnoflooding.Onespeciesthatcouldsufferhesaysistheblack-tailedgodwit黑尾豫.Thereareonly50breedingpairsinthecountryandwehave40ofthemandeverythingisbone-dryMrKitchinsays.Butonebadnestingseasonhesaysisnottheendoftheworld.Oneofthefeaturesoffloodplainsisthatthey'revolatileanywayheadds.Butiftheyfailtobreedanotheryearthepopulationislikelytodipagain.71.Accordingtothepassageanimalsmayhaveproblemsreproducingthisyearmainlydueto________.A.droughtB.hibernationC.windierconditionsD.extremeevents72.WhatreallyworriesPeterBrothertonisthat________.A.droughtispartofnature’scycleB.animalsarestillinhibernationC.soilatthistimeisfarfromsaturationD.thepopulationofanimalsisstillunclear73.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCharlieKitchin’swords?A.Droughthassofarcontinuedfortwowinters.B.Animalscouldsurviveonebadnestingseason.C.Theblack-tailedgodwitisindangerofextinction.D.40black-tailedgodwitsliveintheNeneWashes.74.Theunderlinedwordvolatileinthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby________.A.losingwaterB.undergoingchangesC.breedinganimalsD.sufferingflood75.Itcanbelearntfromthetextthat______________.A.groundwaterlevelsthissummerarelowerthanthoseof1976B.theaveragerainfallthisyearhasbeenthelowestsince1972C.windierconditionscouldalsocausesomeamphibians’deathD.floodingplaysnousefulroleinwetlandsandgrasslands
NASA’sMarsdetector探测器Opportunitysucceededinfindingsignsthatwateronceexistedontheplanet.OpportunitylandedonMarsinJanuary.ScientistsnowbelievethattheplanetcouldoncehavesupportedlifE.ThisdiscoverywaschosenbyScienceoneoftheworld’sleadingmagazinesasthemostimportantscientificachievementof2004lastFriday.Thislittlewheeledone-armedboxwentaroundanotherplanetandhasdonesomethingnohumanhasevermanagedaccordingtoSciencE.IthasdiscoveredanotherplaceintheuniversewherelifecouldoncehaveexisteD.Althoughwestillcan’tsaythatlifecouldhaveexistedinthisenvironmentitisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMarssaidSteveSquyresoneofthescientistsworkingontheMarsmission.TheevidencecomesfrompicturesandchemicalreadingstakenbyOpportunity.ItincludesmarksonrockslikethosecausedbyflowingwateronEarthandsaltychemicalslikethosefoundindried-outsea-beds.ScientistssaidthenewevidenceprovedbeyonddoubtthatwaterhasexistedonMars.ButitisstillunknownwhetherthewateronMarswaslikeanoceanorjusticE.WhileOpportunityhasnotfoundanysignsoflifethepresenceofwatermeanslifeispossiblE.IneverythingweknowaboutlifeonEarththereisnoexamplewithoutliquidwaterSquyressaiD.SowaterisimportantforthesearchforlifeonMars.Researchersagreethatafuturemission任务shouldbringbackphysicalsamples样品.ButsomescientistsworryabouttheriskthatthiscouldintroducedangerousforeigncreaturestoEarth.TheproblemhereishowtogetthesamplesbackSquyresreplieD.Ithinkitisourresponsibilitytolimitanyrisk.49.________provethatwaterexistedonMars.A.ThephysicalsampleswithsaltychemicalsB.ThemarksonrocksandsaltychemicalsC.Scientificachievementsof2004D.CreaturesfromMars50.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?A.ItisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMars.B.ThewateronMarswaslikeanocean.C.EvidenceoflifeonMarshasbeenfounD.D.SearchforlifeonMarsisagreatrisktohumans.51.HowdidscientistsdrawtheconclusionthattherewaswateronMars?A.Theworld’sleadingmagazinehasannouncedthefact.B.ScientistshavetakenmanypicturesandchemicalreadingsontheMars.C.AstronautshavegotsomerocksfromMars.D.ScientistshavemadeastudyofthepicturesandreadingssentbackbyMarsdetector.52.ItcanbeinferredthatifthecreaturesfromMarscametoEarth________.A.theywouldbekindtohumansB.theywouldbecrueltohumansC.theywouldbeagreatdangertoEarthD.itwouldbehardtosaywhetheritwouldbeagoodnewsorbadnews
Whydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelateststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosetheirpumpingpowerwithagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20-25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellsthatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittlelossofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.ThisgenderdifferencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80focusingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamhasyettofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.GoldspinkstressedthatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmusclesbecomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.44.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.men’sheartcellsB.women’sageingprocessC.thegenderdifferenceD.heartsandlonglife45.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat________.A.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage46.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A.thereasonwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemalehearthasbeenfoundoutB.scientistsareonthewaytofindingoutwhythemaleheartlosesmoreofthecellsC.theteamhasdonesomethingtopreventthemalefromsufferingthegreaterlossD.womenover70couldlosemoreheartcellsthanthoseattheageof20
WiththeTeslaRoadsterandotherplugin插入式electricvehicleshittingtheroaddemandisgrowingforaccessiblerefuelingpointstorechargethem.CarbonDayAutomotiveaChicagobasedcompanyhasnowdemonstratedasolarpoweredrechargingpointknownastheSolarPlugInStationwhichletsmotoristseasilychargetheircarsusingelectricitythathasbeenproducedwithoutanyenvironmentaldamagE.TheSolarPlugInStationhasgoneonshowinChicagoaspartofthecity’sbidtohostthe2016OlympicGames.AccordingtoCarbonDayAutomotivetheSolarPlugInStationonshowinChicagoispartofthevitalinfrastructure基础设施requiredforelectricvehiclesinChicagoandwasthefocusofarecentvisitbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteE.Thesesolarpoweredelectricitypointswillbeuseddailytofuelthecity’selectricvehicleswithpowerfromthesun.ByproducingtheelectricityfrompollutionfreesolarcelltheCO2emissionsarereducedtozero.SolarenergyandelectricvehiclesareapartnershipthatisonemoresteptoreducingourdependenceonforeignoilsaysRichardLowenthalCEOofCoulombTechnologies.CoulombTechnologiesrecentlydevelopedthecomponents部件requiredforindividualrechargingstationsmarketedasChargePointNetworkedChargingStations.CarbonDayAutomotiveistheMidwestdistributorfortheChargePointstations.TheSolarPlugInStationconsistsofgiantsolarpanels电池板thatshadethetinyChargePointNetworkedChargingStation.Thesolarpanelisconnectedtoanundergroundbatterypackreadyforeverydayrefueling.WithoutthesestationsitwouldbelikedrivingaroundinatraditionalcarwithouttheavailabilityofgasstationssaysScottEmalfarbCEOatCarbonDay.Thedayoftruepluginelectricvehicleswillbeheresoonerthanmostpeoplerealizeandtheworldneedstobereadytoaccommodatethem.41.TheSolarPlugInStationisusedaspartofthebidtohosttheOlympicsmainlybecause________.A.it’senvironmentallyfriendlyB.itmakesupforthelackofelectricityC.it’sanewideaandattractspeople’sattentionD.itbringsconveniencetoelectricvehicleusers42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.torechargetheelectricvehiclestakesalongtimeB.theSolarPlugInStationwillcomeintousein2016C.theSolarPlugInStationhasgoneonshowinternationallyD.Chicagoispromotingtheuseofelectricvehicles43.AccordingtothepassagehowmanyofthefollowingstatementsareTRUE?A.TeslaRoadsterisakindofpluginelectricvehiclE.B.TheSolarPlugInStationusessolarpowertochargeallofthecars.C.Chicagoisacitywhichisrichinoil.D.TheSolarPlugInStationconsistsofundergroundbatterypacks.E.ScottEmalfarbisoptimisticaboutthefutureofpluginelectricvehicles.A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.44.ThepassageimpliesthatwhentheSolarPlugInStationbecomespopular________.A.morevisitorswillcometoChicagoB.thecitizensofChicagowillbeabletogotoworkfasterC.morespaceforelectricvehicleswillbeneededD.thecostofelectricvehicleswillbelowerthantraditionalcars45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ChicagoWillSoonBeFullofElectricVehiclesB.ChicagoCallsonPeopletoBuyElectricVehiclesC.ChicagoFightsforItsBidtoHostthe2016OlympicsD.ChicagoShowsItsSolarpoweredRechargingStations
Nuclearweapons核武器werefirstdevelopedintheUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany.HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermanyhadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainstJapaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthedecisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombsweredroppedontwoheavilypopulatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.numberofpeoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswouldbeA.unnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemostpowerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealisedthatthewarwaslostandwantedtodiscussaJapanesesurrender投降ItwasalsoarguedthatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockade封锁bytheAmericannavywouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewWeeksandtheuseofnuclearweaponswouldproveunnecessary.IfademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoendthewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertinfrontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapansuchasaforest.Choosingthiscourseofactionmightdecreasethelossoffurtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbeadequatelydemonstrated展示.AlloftheseargumentswereturneddownhoweverandthegeneralagreementwasthatthequickestwaytoendthefightingwouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstthecentresofpopulationinsideJapan.Infacttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythedecisionwasreachedseemquiteshockingtousnow..68.ThemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1isthatA.thetwocitieswerebadlydamagedaftertheywerebombedB.thetwocitiessufferedbecauseJapanwouldnotagreetoendthewarC.theterribleeffectsofdroppingnuclearweaponsonthesecitiescanstillbefeltD.theendofthewarwithGermanymeantHiroshimaandNagasakiwouldsuffer69.AccordingtoParagraph2ablockadewouldhavebeensuccessfulbecauseA.JapanhadtoimportmostofitsnaturalresourcesB.JapanwouldnotbepowerfulenoughtobeatablockadeC.anattackwouldprobablydestroyJapaneseresourceswithinafewweeksD.theAmericanscoulddefeatJapan'snavysinceitwasshortofresources70.Thelastparagraphtellsthat.A.thewriterprobablyexpectsushottoarguewithhisopinionB.thenuclearbombsmusthavebeendroppedonTokyotooC.therealreasonsfor'thedecisionmayneverhavebeenmadeclearD.thewriterhasnotdonemuchresearchonthissubjecttoestablishthefacts71.Whatwouldprobablybediscussedintheparagraphsthatfollow?A.ThereasonswhyJapanchosetosurrender.B.Thewriter'sattitudestowardstheJapan'ssurrender.C.People'sdifferentopinionsaboutdroppingnuclearweaponsontothecities.D.Someofthepossiblereasonsfordroppingnuclearweaponsontothecities.
Whatexactlyisintelligence?Therearen’tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeenmadeingeneticsandpsychologyhumanintelligencehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscienceuntilnowthatisforthediscoveryofagene基因linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.FromtheirresearchtheyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulationwhiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestionwhileonly16%inthesecondgroupdiD.HoweverthereisalotmoreresearchtobedoneandPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystagE.HesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligenceratherthanjustonE.SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccessalthoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowewhohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplainedisoneofthesE.ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheoneswhodobestintheircareers.ManypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligenceIQisn’teverything.Manyalternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligenceswhichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheoryincludingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors因素inintelligencE.TonyBuzanbrainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemoryisenthusiasticaboutthisbeliefarguingthattruegeniuses天才doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligencE.HelistsAlexandertheGreatPabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.AtthesametimeBuzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligenceonlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere’shopeforusall!67.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?A.TherelationshipbetweengenesandintelligencE.B.IQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligencE.C.HowtodevelopintelligencE.D.WhatmakesintelligencE.68.WhydoestheauthorusedatainParagraph2?A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Todrawaconclusion.C.ToproveanideA.D.TogiveanexamplE.69.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.RobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingincommon.B.HowardGardnerthinksintelligenceincludesvariousfactors.C.MichaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandcareer.D.TonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexercisebraintoimproveintelligencE.70.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordThisinParagraph4referto?A.ThedevelopmentofintelligencE.B.Theideaofmultipleintelligences.C.IQisn’teverythingforintelligencE.D.AlternativeviewshavebeenputforwarD.
Babygirlsmaketheirwaydirectlyfordollsassoonastheycancrawlwhileboyswillheadforcarsastudyhasshown.Thefindingsthefirsttoshowdifferencesinveryyoungbabiessuggestthereisabiologicalbasistotheirpreferences.PsychologistsDrBrendaToddfromCityUniversityLondoncarriedoutanexperimentinvolving90babiesaged9monthsto36months.Thebabieswereallowedtochoosefromseventoys.Someweretypicallyboys’toys----acaradiggeraballandablueteddy.Therestweregirls’toys:apinkteddyadollandacookingset.TheywereplacedameterawayfromthetoysandcouldpickwhichevertoytheylikedtheirchoiceandtheamountoftimetheyspentplayingwitheachtoywererecordeD.Oftheyoungestchildren9to14monthsgirlsspentsignificantlylongerplayingwiththedollthanboysandboysspentmuchmoretimewiththecarandballthanthegirlsdiD.Amongthetwoandthree-year-oldsgirlsspent50percentofthetimeplayingwiththedollwhileonlytwoboysbrieflytouchedit.Theboysspentalmost90percentoftheirtimeplayingwithcarswhichthegirlsbarelytoucheD.Therewasnolinkbetweentheparents’viewonwhichtoysweremoreappropriateforboysorgirlsandthechildren’schoicE.DrBrendaToddsaidChildrenofthisagearealreadyexposedtomuchsocialization.Boysmaybegiven‘toysthatgo’whilegirlsgettoystheycancareforwhichmayhelpshapetheirpreferencE.Butthesefindingsagreewiththeformerideathatchildrenshownaturalinterestsinparticularkindsoftoys.Therecouldbeabiologicalbasisfortheirchoices.Malesthroughevolutionhavebeenadaptedtoprefer:movingobjectsprobablythroughhuntinginstincts本能whilegirlspreferwarmercolorssuchaspinkthecolourofanewbornbaby.63.Babyboysandgirlshavedifferenttoypreferencesprobablybecause________.A.babyboysaremuchmoreactiveB.babygirlslikebrightcoloursmoreC.theirparentstreatthemdifferentlyD.thereisanaturaldifferencebetweenthem64.Bothbabyboysandbabygirlsliketoplaywith________accordingtothestudy.A.aballB.ateddyC.acarD.adoll65.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Nine-month-oldbabyboysdon’tplaywithdollsatall.B.Two-year-oldbabygirlssometimesplaywithcarsandballs.C.Theolderthebabiesarethemoreobvioustheirpreferenceis.D.Parentsshouldteachtheirbabiestoshareeachother’stoys.66.WhatconclusiondidDr.BrendaTodddrawfromtheresultsofthestudy?A.Adultspurposelyinfluencetheirbabies’preferencE.B.Babies’preferenceisn’taffectedbysocialsurroundings.C.Babyboyspreferringtomovingtoyswillbegoodathunting.D.Babygirlspreferringwarmercolorswillbewarm-hearteD.
Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefieldsunderwaterearthquakesandsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels分贝measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.A.noiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwateradecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales’abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.TheexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfecteD.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.36.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundoftheice-breaking.37.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?A.Differentplaceswithdifferenttypesofnoises.B.Theveryhumanearssensitivetoalltypesofnoises.C.Thesamenoisemeasureddifferentlyonlandandintheocean.D.Theoceananimals’reactiontonoises.38.Astotheinfluenceofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Theyareeasilyconfusedbynoises.D.Noiseswilllimittheirabilitytoreproduce繁殖.39.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatmanyresearchersthinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredtwentydecibelswould_________.A.preventthemfromdoingtheirresearchwork.B.benefitthemalotintheirresearchwork.C.dogoodtotheirhealth.D.increasetheindustrialoutput.40.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywilltrytheirbesttodecreasenoisE.B.Theywillworkhardtocutdownnoisepollution.C.Theywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoises.D.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.
Humandemandsonnaturalresourceshavedoubledinlessthan50yearsandarenowoutstripping超过whattheEarthcanprovidebymorethanhalfanewreporthaswarneD.IfthissituationcontinuesglobabllyitwillneedthecapacityoftwoEarthsby2030theLivingPlanetReportsaiD.AndthereportfromtheWorldWideFundForNaturetheZoologicalSocietyofLondonandtheGlobalFootprintNetworksaidBritishpeoplearestillconsuming消费消耗farmorethantheEarthcanoffer..Wildlifeintropicalcountriesisalsounderhugepressurewithpopulationsofspeciesfallingby60percentinthreedecades.Thestudy’sauthorslookedat8000populationsof2500speciesandstudiedthechangeinlanduseandwaterconsumptionacrosstheglobE.Warnedthatifeveryonearenowlivinglifestyleswhichwouldrequireoneandahalfplanetstosupporttheirlivesthoughtherearesigniflcantdifferencesbetweenrichandpoornations.TheUKcomes31stinalistofcountriesbasedontheirecologicalfootprint—theamountoflandandseaeachpersonneedstoprovidethefoodclothesandotherproductstheyconsumeandtoabsorbthecarbondioxidetheygiveoff.Thecountryhasfallendowntheleaguetablefromhavingthe15thbiggestfootprintinthelastreporttwoyearsagobuttheWorldWideFundForNaturepointsoutthisisduetoanincreaseinothercountries’impactratherthanareductionintheUK’suseofresources.Irelandhasthe10thhighestecologicalfootprintintheworldwhiletheUnitedArabEmiratesQatarDenmarkBelgiumandtheUSAarethefiveworstcountriesforover-consumptionofresources.Italsocarriedawarningaboutthelossofwildlifeandecosystemswhichpeopledependonforfoodfuelcleanwaterandotherresources—withpopulationsofspeciesdecliningby30percentworldwidebetween1970and2007.48.Inthistexttheauthorwantstotellus.A.humansareoverusingtheplanetB.eneedtwoearthstoliveonby2030C.differencesbetweenrichandpoornationsD.wildlifeonearthisunderhugepressure49.Accordingtothetextwhathashappenedworldwideinthelastthreedecadesandsevenyears?A.Populationsofspecieshavefallenby60percent.B.HumandemandsonnaturalresourceshavedoubleD.C.Populationsofspecieshavedeclinedby30percent.D.Ourlifestyleshaveusedup1.5planets’resources.50.Fromthethirdparagraphweknow.A.theUK’ssudationisnobetterthanthatofIrelandB.theUKisnowinits15thpositionintheleaguetableC.theUKhasreduceditsconsumptionofnaturalresourcesD.othercountriesareincreasingtheirconsumptionofnaturalresoures
Thephysicalmemorydumperrorisabigproblemthataffectseventhemostadvancedcomputersystems.Althoughit'squitearareerrorit'soneofthemoststoppingwhatyou'redoingandrestartingyourcomputer—makingyouloseallyourunsaveddata.Thisisabigproblembutthereisactuallyaveryeasywaytofixit.Therearetworeasonswhythephysicalmemorydumphappens.Thefirstisprettysimpleandistodowiththehardwareandifanyofthesepiecesarenotfitforyoursystemitwillcausethephysicalmemorydump.Soifyou'verecentlyaddedanyhardwaretoyourPCthentakethatoutandseeifitworks.Theotherreasonisyoursystemtheregistry.TheregistryisabigdatabasethatoperatesinthebackgroundofWindowsstoringallsortsofsettingsandinformationaboutyourPC.Theproblemwiththeregistryisthatsinceithassomanyimportantfilesinsideit'sconstantlygothundredsoffilesopeneverytimeyouuseyourPC.AndbecausetherearesomanyfilestoopenatonceWindowsisconstantlygettingconfusedleadingittosavemanyofthesefilesinthewrongway.Thesefilesgowrongwhensavedwronglymakingthemdifficultforyourcomputertoread.Howeverifitcan'treadthefilesatallithasnochoicebuttostopeverythingit'sdoingandrestartyourPC.Thisiswhythephysicalmemorydumperrorappearssoeasily—becausewhenaregistryfileissowrongthatitcan'tbereadyourcomputerneedstorefreshitselfimmediately.ThislatterreasonforcausingthephysicalmemorydumpisactuallyextremelycommonandthelikelihoodisthatyourPCissufferingfromitifyou'reseeingthiserror.Luckilyit'salsoincrediblyeasytofix—youjustneedtouseasoftwaretoolcalledaregistrycleanertogothroughtheregistryandfixalltheproblemsinthere.72.Fromthetextwecaninferthat________.A.thedumperroroftenhappenstoyourPCB.thedumpcanbedealtwitheasilyC.onlytheadvancedcomputerssuffersfromtheerrorD.thedumperrorcancausethedatainyourPCtobelost73.ThereasonthatyourPChasthedumperroristhat___________.A.thehardwarelosesitsmemoryB.yourWindowsneedstobeupgradedC.youhavesavedwrongfilesinthePCD.youhavestoredtoomanyfilesinthePC.74.What’sproblemwiththeregistrywhenyourPCgoeswrong?A.Theregistercan’treadthefilescorrectly.B.Itmustopen100fileseverytimeyouuseyourPC.C.Theregisterdoesn’tagreewiththedatabase.D.Theregistermustsavemanyimportantfilesinside.75.Whatdoesaregistrycleanermeans?A.Asoftwarewhichcanhelpyousavetime.B.AsoftwarewhichcanremoveunnecessaryfilesC.Asoftwarewhichcanrepairthemachine.D.asoftwarewhichmakesyourPCdown.
Intheearly1950sresearchersfoundthatpeoplescoredloweronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguagE.ResearchinthesixtiesfoundtheoppositE.BilingualpeoplescoredhigherthanmonolingualspeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguagE.Sowhichisit?ResearcherspresentedtheirneweststudieslastmonthatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencE.Thelatestevidenceshowsthatbeingbilingualdoesnotnecessarilymakepeoplesmarter.ButresearcherEllenBialystoksaysitprobablydoesmakeyoubetteratcertainskills.EllenBialystoksaidImaginedrivingdownthehighway.There’remanythingsthatcouldcaptureyourattentionandyoureallyneedtobeabletomonitorallofthem.Whywouldbilingualismmakeyouanybetteratthat?Andtheanswershesaysisthatbilingualpeopleareoftenbetteratcontrollingtheirattention—afunctioncalledtheexecutivecontrolsystem.Ms.BialystokisapsychologyprofessoratYorkUniversityinTorontoCanadA.ShesaysthebestmethodtomeasuretheexecutivecontrolsystemiscalledtheStroopTest.A.personisshownwordsindifferentcolors.Thepersonhastoignorethewordbutsaythecolor.Theproblemisthatthewordsareallnamesofcolors.EllenBialystoksaidSoyouwouldhavethewordbluewritteninredbutyouhavetosayreD.Butblueissosalient显著的it’sjustlightingupallthesecircuits电路inyourbrainandyoureallywanttosaybluE.Soyouneedamechanism机制tooverridethatsothatyoucansayreD.That’stheexecutivecontrolsystem.Herworkshowsthatbilingualpeoplecontinuallypracticethisfunction.TheyhavetobecausebothlanguagesareactiveintheirbrainatthesametimE.Theyneedtosuppress抑制onetobeabletospeakintheother.Thismentalexercisemighthelpinotherwaystoo.Researcherssaybilingualchildrenarebetterabletoseparateawordfromitsmeaningandmorelikelytohavefriendsfromdifferentcultures.BilingualadultsareoftenfourtofiveyearslaterthanothersindevelopingdementiaorAlzheimer’sdiseasE.71.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.BilingualPeopleSmarterB.MonolingualPeopleSmarterC.BilingualPeopleLongerLivesD.BilingualPeopleBetteratSomeSkills72.TheunderlinedwordoverrideinParagraph6probablymeans____.A.payattentiontoB.takenonoticeofC.takeaninterestinD.takecareof73.IntheStroopTestsupposingyouhavethewordyellowwritteninwhiteyouwillhavetosay____.A.whiteB.yellowC.blueD.red74.WhichgroupofpeoplecanmostlikelypasstheStroopTest?A.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyChinesE.B.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyJapanesE.C.PeoplewhocanspeakmorethanonelanguagE.D.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyEnglish.75.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothetext?A.A.bilingualchildisbetteratseparatingawordfromitsmeaning.B.A.bilingualchildcanmoreeasilymakefriendswithaforeignchilD.C.BilingualpeoplearemoreabletomonitorseveralthingsatthesametimE.D.It’snotpossibleforbilingualpeopletodevelopAlzheimer’sdiseasE.
Imaginethissituation.YoupassagroupofpeoplE.Thepeoplearetalkingtoeachother.Youcannothearwhattheyaresaying.Butsuddenlytheystartlaughing.Whatwouldyouthink?Wouldyouthinktheywerelaughingatsomethingfunnythatoneofthemsaid?Or--behonestwithyourself--wouldyouthinktheywerelaughingatyou?Yesyou.Beinglaughedatisacommonfear.ButamajorstudypublishedintwothousandandninefoundthatthisfearisnotthesamearoundtheworlD.ItdiffersfromculturetoculturE.PeopleinFinlandweretheleastlikelytobelievethatpeoplelaughingintheirpresenceweremakingfunofthem.LessthantenpercentofFinnsinthestudysaidtheywouldthinkthatcomparedtoeightypercentofpeopleinThailanD.Somepeopleinthestudysaidtheyfeltunsureofthemselvesinsocialsituationsbuthidtheirfeelingsofinsecurity.OtherssaidtheyavoidedsocialsituationswheretheyhadbeenlaughedatbeforE.ThestudyfoundthatpeopleinTurkmenistanandCambodiaweremorelikelytobeinthefirstgroup.Theywouldhidetheirfeelingsofinsecurityiftheywerearoundotherpeople'slaughter.ButpeopleinIraqEgyptandJordanweremorelikelytotrytoavoidsuchsituationsiftheyfelttheyhadbeenlaughedatbeforE.ShypeopleoftenavoidsituationsthatwouldforcethemintoclosecontactwithotherpeoplE.Theyworrythatsomethingtheysayordowillmakeotherpeoplelaughatthem.Butsomepeopleworrymuchmorethanothers.TheymayhaveadisordercalledgelotophobiA.GelosisaGreekworD.Itmeanslaughter.Phobiameansfear.Thisfearoflaughtercanbetrulysadforthosewholivewithit.Itcanaffecthowtheyleadtheirlives.InthestudyateamfromtheUniversityofZurichledmorethanninetyresearchersfromaroundtheworlD.TheywantedtounderstandthedifferencebetweennormalshynessandtruegelotophobiA.Anotherpurposeofthestudywastocomparethelevelsoffearofbeinglaughedatindifferentcultures.Theresearcherssurveyedmorethantwenty-twothousandpeopleinforty-twodifferentlanguages.ThefindingsappearedinthescientificjournalHumor.68.PeopleinFinlanddon’tbelieveotherpeoplearemakingfunofthemif_________________.A.theysuddenlystarttolaugh.B.theykeeponlaughingC.theylaughintheirpresenceD.theystoplaughingsuddenly.69.What’sFALSEofthestudyledbyateamfromtheUniversityofZurich?A.TheywantedtostudythedifferencebetweennormalshynessandtruegelotophobiA.B.Theywantedtocomparethelevelsoffearofbeinglaughedatindifferentcultures.C.TheydidsuchasurveyinordertopreventpeoplefrombeinglaughedatinpubliC.D.Theysurveyedmorethan22thousandpeoplecomingfromdifferentcultures.70.Thepassageislikelytooccurin_______________.A.anadvertisementB.asciencemagazineC.asciencefictionD.astorybook71.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhosufferfromgelotophobia______________________.A.caremoreaboutbeinglaughedatbyothersB.shouldn’thidetheirfeelingsofinsecurityC.shouldavoidhavingclosecontactwithotherpeopleD.willleadahappylifesolongastheycare
WorkingoutsidetheInternationalSpaceStationISSanastronautissuddenlyhitbyapieceofspacedebris碎片thatdamageshisspacesuit.Alarmedherealizeshe’sjustsecondsfromdisaster.Movingfasthispreparedrobotpartnerslaps拍打anauto-patchoverthetearinhisspacesuit.HugesighsofrelieffilltheISS.Insidetheastronautresponsibleforsavingthespacewalker’slifecontrolseverythingtherobotavatarhasdone—includingrescuingitshumanpartner—whileitworksoutsidethespacestation.R2:TheRealDealArobotcompanioncancomeinhandytospacetravelerswhetherthey’reasfarawayasMarsorascloseasaspacestationormoonbase.Space-travellingavatarscontrolledremotelybyhumansarestillaconcept.Butearlierintheyear2011NASAsentahumanoidrobotintospaceforthefirsttime.It’scalledR2shortforRobonaut2.TherobotwasdeliveredbythespaceshuttleDiscoveryandwillremainontheISStobetested.NASAexpectsrobotslikeR2tobeahugehelptoastronauts.OurgoalisforrobotstoworksidebysidewithhumanssaysNASA’sMattOndler.R2iscontrolledbyhumansusinglaptops.It’sprogrammedtoperformanumberofsmalltaskssuchasfindanobject.Inmostsituationshumansarestillfarbetterwiththeirhandsthanrobots.Butthat’snotnecessarilytrueinspacewhereastronautsmustwearbulkyspacesuitsandheavygloves.Andsincetheydon’tneedtoeatbreatheorgotothebathroomrobonautshavetheadvantageforlengthyjobs.R2isn’treadyforspacewalksyetbutNASAhopesthatfutureimprovementswillmakethispossible.RobonautswillhelpourastronautswiththethreeD’s:jobsthataredirtydullanddangeroussaysOndler.ToTheMoonSomedaythespaceagencyhopestosendR2tothemoon.Sendingarobottothemoonwillbefarlessexpensivethansendingahuman.Arobotisstrongercansurviveintighterspacesanddoesn’tneedair.Evenbetterrobotsdon’tcarehowlongittakesforNASAtoreturnthemtoEarth.OnceonthemoontherobonautcouldperformexperimentssendlivevideobacktoEarthtalktoclassroomsfullofkidsandexplorethelunarsurface.R2willbeabletomoveusinglegsorbyattachingitstorso躯干toafour-wheeledrover探测器andbecomingpartofvehicle.AndwhenR2’sbatteryislowitcanplugintoasolar-poweredrechargingstationandgetsomemuch-neededjuice.Allinallaprettysweetlifeforahumblerobot!ThefutureR2wouldbedesignedtooperatebyitself.Butfordifficulttasksahumanoperatorwouldcontrolitlikeanavatarinavideogame.NASAwillneedpeopleskilledatoperatingrobonautstoensurethesuccessoffuturemissions.Sothenexttimeyourmomcomplainsthatyou’respendingtoomuchtimeonvideogamesjusttellheryou’retrainingforajobwithNASA.51.Inparagraph1thewritergivesadetaileddescriptionofaspaceaccidentto.A.stressthedangerofanastronaut’swalkinspaceB.tellreaderstheunforgettableexperienceofanastronautC.showhisconcernforthepresentsituationofspacewalkD.introducewhatrobotsarelikelytodoforastronauts52.WhydoesthewritersayRobonaut2isTheRealDeal?A.Itmayhavetheadvantageforcomplexandsmalltasksatlowcosts.B.IthasbeenprogrammedtohelpastronautswiththreeD’s.C.Itisflexibleandcanbeeasilycontrolledbyhumansbeings.D.Itprovestobeagoodcompanionforspacetravelers.53.BysayingAllinallaprettysweetlifeforahumblerobot!thewritermeansthat.A.anordinaryrobotwillbeabletomovefreelyincomfortablesurroundingsB.anordinaryrobotwillenjoyacomfortablelifeinspacelikehumansonEarthC.afuturerobotwillexplorethemooneasilybyusingafour-wheeledroverD.afuturerobotisstrongerandwillhandleanydifficultyinspaceeasily54.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.thefutureR2willperformexperimentswithouthumancontrolB.humansaremuchsmarterwiththeirhandsthanrobotsinspaceC.somedayhumansmightcontrolanavataronthemoonD.sendingahumantothemoonwillcostfarlessthansendingarobot
Asthepopulationoftheplanetincreasessodoesthenumberofhomesbusinessesparkinglotsschoolsairportsandroadways.AllthesestructuresrequireelectricitytobelighteD.Humansdemandtheselights.TheywanttheirhomesmorecomfortableandstreetssafE.TheproblemisthatresearchershavefoundthatallthislighthasanegativeeffectonhumansandwildlifeaswellsopleasetakecarE.Lessthan10yearsagoIdrovetoalesspopulatedsectionofmytownlaydowninthemiddleoftheroadandwatchedanattractivemeteorshower流星雨.Theareawasshortofbuildingsandstreetlights.IfIdidthattodayIwouldn’tbeabletoseethemeteorshowerbutIwouldbesurelyrunoverbyacar.NowadaysscientistsarefindinglightpollutioncanbealmostasbadasCO2Pollution.Ifyouhaveevertakenaflightatnightyoumustremembertheviewofcoloredlightsallaround--it’sbeautifulbutwasteful.Howextensivethisphenomenonisaroundtheworld!Additionallyelectricityneedstobecreatedandtheprocessofcreatingthatelectricitywillcausepollutionbygivingoffgreenhousegases.ThisaffectstheairwebreatheandourqualityoflifE.Apartfromhumansithasbeenprovedthatwildlifeisalsosufferingfromlightpollution.Thousandsofbirdsdieeachyearwhentheycrashintohighlylitbuildingsastheyareconfusedwhichdirectiontheyshouldgoinbythelight.IthasbeenlongknownthattinyseaturtlesbecomelostandfollowlightsontheshoreinsteadofheadingtowardstheseA.Fortunatelylightpollutionisoneoftheeasiestsourcesofpollutionthatcanbecorrectedwithoutanegativeeffect.Weshouldnotonlypaymoreattentiontolightpollutionbutalsoreducelightpollutionbyavoidingusingunnecessarylighting.56.ThestorygiveninParagraph2isto________.A.describethepastbeautyofthetownB.showtheadvantageofasmallerpopulationC.analyzethechangesoflightsintownD.provethedisadvantageoflightpollution57.Thebirdsandtinyseaturtlesdieorgetlostbecause________.A.theyareunabletoseeclearlyatnightB.theireyesaredestroyedbyrightlightC.electriclightspreventthemfromheadingD.thelightcreatedbypeoplemisleadsthem58.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheCausesofLightsB.TakecareofLightpollutionC.WaysofReducingLightPollutionD.TheNewFindingonLight
Therewasonethoughtthatairpollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesandheavytraffic.Atpresentwerealizethatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollutiontheproblemisreallyworldwide.OnseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecadeaheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheeastoftheUnitedStatesandbroughthealthwarningsindistantareasawayfromanyindustrialcities.Infacttheveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeinfectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsconsiderthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuelscoalandoiliscreatingagreenhouseeffect——keepingheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld'stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegreesmuchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYorkBostonMiamiandNewOrleanswillbeinwater.Anotherviewlesswidelyheldisthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceageandwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Todaywedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.Perhapsifweareluckyenoughthetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld'stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Drivenbyeconomicprofits.peopleignorethedamageonourenvironmentcausedbytheadvancedcivilization.Maybetheairpollutionisthepricethehumanbeingshavetopayfortheirdevelopment.Butisitreallyworth-while?66.Peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution.A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountrysideB.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesC.hadaverybadeffectonhealthD.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas67.Astothegreenhouseeffecttheauthor.A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists.B.isuncertainofitsoccurrenceC.rejectsitasbeingungroundedD.thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon68.Theunderlinedwordoffsetinthesecondparagraphcouldbereplacedby.A.counter-actB.breakfromC.getalongD.communicate69.Iftheworld'stemperatureloweredjustafewdegrees.A.itwouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearthB.itwouldleadmajorfarmingareastodisasterC.particularthingswouldincreasegreatlyintheatmosphereD.seasandoceanswouldfloodmanycities70.Thispassageisprimarilyabout.A.thegreenhouseeffectB.theburningoffossilfuelsC.thepotentialeffectofairpollutionD.thepossibilityofanewiceage
PieterHoffretiredfromtheflowerexportbusinesssevenyearsago.Nowheistryingtohelppeoplegrowtreesandplantsinthedesert—andsavewater.Inmanyplacesmuchofthefreshwatersupplyisusedforirrigation.Yetmostofthatwatermaybelostthroughevaporation蒸发intotheair.SoPieterHoffhasinventedasimpleplasticdevicecalledtheGroasisWaterboxx.HesaysIfyoulookatnatureandIgiveanexampleifyoulooktotheRockyMountainsyoufindtreesalloverthemountains.Sotreesareactuallyabletogrowonrocks.Theyhaveverystrongroots.Hesaysthetrickisthatnaturedoesnotdigaholelikewehumansdotoplantseeds.Natureplantstheseedsthroughbirdsoranimalsontopofthesoil.Theirwastethenactsasacover.Itpreventsthehumidity湿度inthesoilfromevaporating.TheDutchinventorsaysheissimplycopyingthatsystem.SomepeoplecalltheWaterboxxawaterbattery.Thecoverhasdeepridges.Thesecollectrainwater.Butthedeviceisdesignedtocollectwaterevenwhenthereisnorain.Thecovergetscoldduringthenightandcreatescondensation凝结.Thewateriscollectedthroughtwoholesthroughwhichwateriscarriedtothesoil.PieterHoffsaysthenicethingisthatoncecollectedthewaterisnotabletoevaporateanymorE.Therootsoftheplantmayhavetogrowseveralmetersdeeptoreachgroundwater.Oncegrowthisestablishedtheboxcanberemovedandusedtostartanotherplanting.PieterHoffsaysheisnowdoingexperimentswithtwentythousandWaterboxxesincountriesincludingPakistanEcuadorandtheUnitedStates.Thereusableboxnowsellsforaboutfifteendollars.64.ThereasonwhyPieterHoffinventedtheGroasisWaterboxxisprobablythathetriedto_______.A.solvetheproblemofevaporationB.providefreshwaterinthedesertC.doexperimentswiththeWaterboxxD.irrigatemoretreesandflowers65.PieterHoffgothisideaofinventingGroasisWaterboxxby_______.A.doingtheflowerexportbusinessB.carryingfreshwaterforirrigationC.studyingthesystemofnature’splantingseedsD.collectingwaterwhenthere’snorain66.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3PieterHoffactuallymeans_______.A.youcanfindtreesontheRockyMountainsB.mostfreshwaterisusedtowaterplantsC.naturecansavewaterbyitselfD.humansdigholestoplantseeds67.AccordingtothepassagewecaninfertheWaterboxx_______.A.isneededbeforetherootsofplantscomeoutB.cannotcreatecondensationthroughitscoverC.sellswellinmanycountriesD.canonlybeusedonce
Thetimeofyearababyisborncanshapewhatprofessiontheywillembarkon从事inlaterlifeanewstudyhassuggesteD.BeingborninacertainmonthappearstoindicatethestatisticallikelihoodofwhatjobapersonwillendupwiththestudybytheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfounD.ResearchershaveuncoveredthatthemonthinwhichbabiesareborncouldalsoaffecteverythingfromintelligencetolengthoflifE.AchildbornDecemberismorelikelytobecomeadentistwhilesomeonewhosebirthdayfallsinJanuarywilltendtoadebtcollectortheyfounD.A.FebruarybirthappearstoincreasethechancesofbeinganartistwhileMarchbabiesappeartogoontobecomepilots.MeanwhileAprilandMayaresaidtohaveafairlyevenspreadofprofessionsbirthsinthesummermonthsmeanamuchlowerchanceofbecomingahigh-earningfootballplayerdoctorordentist.Thestudywasgotbyresearcherswhoanalyzedthebirthmonthsofpeoplein19separateoccupationsusinginformationfromthelastsurveytheDailyMailreporteD.Althoughthesetrendsmaybedifficulttoexplaincorrelationsbetweenbirthmonthsandspecifichealthproblemshaveascientificbasis.SpringbabiesareatgreaterriskofillnessesincludingschizophreniaAlzheimer’sdiseaseasthmaandautism.Theymayalsobelesscleverthanclassmatesborninotherpartsoftheyear.45.FromthepassagewecanknowifababyisbornonFebruary.20itwillprobablybecomea________.A.footballerB.doctorC.pianistD.teacher46.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ResearcherscanexplainwhybabieswillhavedifferentcareersinthefutureB.Researchersmaketheconclusionjustbyanalyzingthebirthofpeoplein19separateoccupationsC.BeingborninacertainmonthwillcertainlydeterminewhatababywilldointhefutureD.Beingbornindifferentmonthshasnoinfluenceonwhatababywilldointhefuture47.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordcorrelationinParagraph5mean?A.closeconnectionB.greatinfluenceC.effectivesolutionD.reasonableconclusion48.What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussababy’sbirthmonthB.TodescribedifferentprofessionsC.toexplainbabies’sometrendsD.Tointroduceanewdiscovery
WhydoestherateofheartattacksincreaseduringtheWorldCupfootballfinals?Howcanwehelpanoverweightpatienttoloseweight?They’rejustsomeofthetopicscoveredinanewbookbyUniversityofSussexacademicswhichishelpingstudentdoctorstoconsidertheimportanceofpsychologyinmedicalpracticE.PsychologyforMedicineisthefirsttextbookofitskindprovidingmedicaltraineesandnewdoctorswithalltherelevantpsychologicalknowledgetheyneeD.Previouslystudentshadtorefertomanydifferentbooksfortherelevantpsychology.ThebookbySussexpsychologistsDr.SussexAyersandDr.RicharddeVisserhasbeenwellreceivedbyfellowacademicsandmedicaldoctorsandwasfinishedwiththehelpofthestudentsandstaffoftheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchool.Thestudentsproofread校对thechaptersprovidedideasforthecontentandevenmodeledforthephotographs.ThebookprovidesasolidgroundinginpsychologicalstudyrelevanttomedicinealongwithpracticaltipsandadviceforpracticE.OnestudentSimonHalldrewcartoonsforthebook.Thestudypsychologyisimportantfordoctorsforanumberofreasons.PsychologicalandphysicalsymptomsarehighlyrelateD.Uptoathirdofpatientswillhavepsychologicaldisorderswhilephysicalcausesareusuallyonlyfoundinaround15percentofpeople’ssymptoms.Intreatmentalotoftheeffectdrugscanbeduetopatientsbelievingtheywillrecoverratherthanthedrugitself.Dr.AyerssaysTheimportantthingaboutthisbookisthatit’sappliedscience---itshowswhypsychologyisimportanttomedicineandhowweshoulduseit.Thebook’spresentationisreallyimportant.It’snotjustlotsoftheorybutfulloftipsandadvicesothatstudentscantakewhattheylearnintheclassroomandapplyittoreal-lifesituations.63ThebookPsychologyforMedicineismainlywrittenfor________.A.scientistsB.overweightpeopleC.patientsD.studentdoctors64.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetopicsofthebook.B.Thecommentsonthebook.C.Thecontributorstothebook.D.Thecharacteristicsofthebook.65.AccordingtothetextthebookPsychologyforMedicine_________.A.isabitdifficulttounderstanD.B.ismainlyabouthowtoloseweight.C.includedtipsontrainingfootballplayers.D.focusesontheimportanceofpsychologyintreatment66.Wecaninferthatthetextisan______.A.researchreportB.introductiontoabookC.advertisementforabookD.introductiontoapsychologist
TheV.ienna-basedresearchersshowedthatdogsdoingasimpletaskwhennotrewardedifanotherdogwhichcontinuestoberewardedispresent.T.heexperimentconsistedoftakingpairsofdogsting发叮当声themtopresentapawforarewarD.Ongivingthehandshakethedogsreceivedapieceoffood.Oneofthedogswasthenaskedtoshakehandsbutreceivednofood.Theotherdogcontinuedtogetthefoodwhenitwasaskedtoperform.ThedogwithouttherewardquicklystoppeddoingthetaskandshowedsignsofangerorstresswhenitspartnerwasrewardeD.T.omakesurethattheexperimentwasreallyshowingtheinteractionbetweenthedogsratherthanjusttheannoyanceofnotbeingrewardedasimilarexperimentwasconductedwherethedogsperformedthetaskwithoutthepartner.Herecontinuedtopresentthepawformuchlonger.Dr.FrederikeRangefromtheUniversityofV.iennasaysthisshowsthatitwasthepresenceoftherewardedpartnerthatwasthegreaterinfluenceontheirbehavior.Theonlydifferenceisthatonegetsfoodandtheotherdoesn't.TheyarerespondingtobeingunequallyrewardeD.shesays.Theresearcherssaythiskindofbehaviorwhereoneanimalgetsannoyedwithwhatishappeningwithanotherhasonlybeenobservedinprimates灵长类beforE.S.tudieswithvarioustypesofmonkeysandchimpanzeesshowtheyreactnotonlytoseeingtheirpartnersreceiving;rewardswhentheyarenotbutalsotothetypeofreward.ThedogstudyalsolookedatwhetherthetypeofrewardmadeadifferencE.Dogsweregiveneitherbreadorsausagebutseemedtoreactequallytoeither.Dr.Rangesaysthismaybebecausetheyhavebeentrained.56.Thedogsrefusedtogivethepawwhenthey_.A.foundanotherdogwasgivennothingB.felttheywerenottreatedequallyC.wereawaretheyreceivedlessfoodD.weregiventoomuchreward57.Whatwouldadogdoifitpresenteditspawalone?A.Itwouldgoonwiththeperformancemuchlonger.B.Itwouldbetooshytopresentitspaw.C.Itwouldmissitspartner.D.Itwouldcomparewhatitgotwiththatofanother.58.Accordingtothepassagecomparedwithdogsmonkeysandchimpanzees_.A.paynoattentiontothetypeofrewardB.onlyliketoplayinterestinggamesC.payattentiontothetypeofrewardaswellaswhethertheyarerewardedD.caremoreabouthowtheyarerewarded59.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.Animals'variouswaystoshowangerB.DogsaremoreenviousthanmanC.M.ostanimalswanttoberewardedfortheirworkD.Animalsalsohaveasenseoffairness
ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees黑猩猩appeartotreatsticksasdollscarryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown.Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently.ThenewworkbySonyaM..KahlenbergandRichardW..WranghamdescribedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiologyprovidesthefirstevidenceofawildnonhumanspeciesplayingwithdollsaswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal’schoiceofplaythings.Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehaveratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks.Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject—carryingbyearlierapes猿类theysaysuggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization.Inhumansthereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren’stoyplayandtheseareremarkablysimilaracrossculturessaysKahlenberg.Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanationourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences.In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUgandaKahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstickcarrying.Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick.WehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyearsandbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedollswewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdollssaysWranghamaProfessoratHarvarD.Ifthedollhypothesis假设wasrightwethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdoandthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingstickswhentheyhadtheirfirstchilD.Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints.57.Whatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticks?A.Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith.B.Shetreatsthemasdolls.C.Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem.D.Shetreatsthemasweapons.58.Whatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzeesaccordingtothepassage?A.SexdifferencE.B.Socialization.C.Environment.D.CulturaldifferencE.59.Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat________.A.socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman’schoiceofplaythingsB.sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman’schoiceofplaythingsC.thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoiceD.peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures60.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____A.bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifferenceB.differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythingsC.onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythingsD.chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildren
Nowscientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingaffectshibernatinganimalscausingthemtowakeupearlier.Whilethismayseemalittleconcernitisinfactasignificantenvironmentalproblem.Theshortenedhibernationperiodcouldactuallyleadtosignificantdeclinesinthepopulationsofseveralspecies.SomeofthefirstconcreteevidenceofthephenomenoncamefromColoradowhereresearchersattheRockyMountainBiologicallabhavebeenobservingmarmot旱獭hibernationbehaviorsincethe1970s.IntheearlydaysoftheirstudiesmarmotsgenerallyhibernatedseveralweeksintothemonthofMay.Nowadayshowevertemperaturesintheareahaverisenby2.5degreesFahrenheitandthemarmotsarewakingupaboutamonthearlier.Atleastthemarmotsarestillhibernating.Severalotheranimalshavenotbeenhibernatingatallrecently.BrownbearsintheSpanishCantabrianMountainsdidnothibernatelastyear.InpartsoftheUnitedStateschipmunks花鼠alsoskippedthehibernationperioD.Thebearsseemtohavesurvivedwithoutlosingmanyindividuals.Thechipmunkshoweverwerenotsolucky.Manyoftheanimalsdiedofstarvationduringthewinter.Theproblemwithanimalswakingupearlyorskippinghibernationaltogetherlieswiththecreatures’metabolism新陈代谢.Whenananimalhibernatestheirmetabolismdropssignificantly.Theanimals’heartrateslowsandtheyrequireverylittleenergytolivE.Whentheanimalsawakefromtheirwinterslumbertheirmetabolismreturnstonormal.Butwhiletheirmetabolismmaybeasactiveasitwasbeforehibernationfoodsourcesaren’tasavailableastheywerebeforE.A.marmotmaywakeupwhentemperaturesgetwarmerthinkingit’sspringbutplantswillnothavegottentheamountofsuntheyneedtosignaltheirspringperiodofgrowth.SountiltheplantsgrowthemarmotshavenoreliablefoodsourcE.ManyscientistsbelievetheproblemwillcontinuetogetworsE.Inadditiontochangesinhibernationpatternssomebelievethatotheranimalswillalsobegintochangetheirmigrationpatternsorbegintogivebirthearlier.Formanybiologiststhat’sascaryprospect.TerryRootananimalexpertatStanfordUniversitysaid:Idothinkwhatwewillbefacingistheextinctionofmanyspecies.66.Whatistheviewpointofthewriter?A.Globalwarmingwillcontinuetogetworseastimegoeson.B.Globalwarmingwillleadtoshortenedhibernationofsomeanimals.C.Shortenedhibernationwillresultindeclinesinthepopulationofanimals.D.Someanimalswillskiphibernationaltogether.67.Thewritersetstheexampleofthemarmotsoasto__________.A.indicatethattheweathergetswarmerandwarmernowB.explainthatglobalwarminginfluencesanimals’hibernationC.showthattheweatherintheUnitedStatesisquitedifferentD.saysomeanimalsdonothibernatenowduetowarmweather68.Theunderlinedwordslumberinthefourthparagraphmeans_________.A.weatherB.activityC.nestD.sleep69.Whycan’tmarmotsfindenoughfoodwhentheywakeup?A.Becausetherearetoomanymarmotsinthewildnow.B.Becauseplantshaven’treceivedenoughsunlightforspringgrowth.C.BecausewinterdaysendmuchearlierthanbeforE.D.Becausemoreandmoreanimalspeciesskiphibernationnow.70.TerryRootholdsan__________attitudetowardsthefutureofanimals.A.optimisticB.doubtfulC.pessimisticD.sensitive
Whyarepeopleinterestedineatingrawfoodsorwholefoods?Onereasonisthateatingthesetypesoffoodreducestheriskofacidaccumulationinyourbody.Rawandwholefoodsareusuallydigestedmoreefficientlythancookedandrefinedfoods.Whenwecookfoodswedestroythenaturalenzymes酶thatarepartofthefoodinitsrawform.TheseenzymeswereintendedbynaturetohelpusdigestthefooD.Whenweconsumefoodwithoutthesenaturalenzymesourbodieseitherdigestthefoodimproperlyorallowtoomanynutrientstobeabsorbedintothebloodstream.Inbothinstancestheresultisobesity.Whentoomanynutrientsareabsorbedatoncethebodygrowsfat.ImproperlydigestedfoodmovesslowlythroughthedigestivetractwhereitbecomesincreasinglyacidiC.Toprotectitsvitalorgansfromthisacidicwastethebodychangestheacidintofatandstoresitsafelyawayfromtheorgans.Processedfoodscontainchemicalelementswhichmightconfusetheappetitemechanismthattellsuswhenwe’vehadenoughtoeat;asaresultpeopleoftenovereat.ProcessedfoodsalsoupsetthedigestivecyclE.Thebodywilleitheridentifythesefoodsasallergensandthenstorethemsafelyawayfromtheorgansasfatortheremainsofundigestedfoodwillbecomeacidicandenterthebloodstreamasacidwastewhichwillsticktothebloodvesselwallsandblockthepassageofvitaloxygenandnutrientsheadingforthebody’scells.Thebody’smetabolism新陈代谢becomesinactiveandtheresultisweightgainandobesity.Theaccumulationofacidinthedigestivetractmakesdigestionincreasinglyinefficient.Whenthathappensevenhealthyfoodscanbecomeacidicandthefoodallergieswillbecomemorecommon.Tostopthisviciouscircleinitstrackspeopleneedtoconsumefoodandsupplementsthatwillneutralizetheacidalreadyaccumulatedinbody.Eatingtherighttypesofrawandwholefoodscanhelp.It’salsoimportanttorestoreyourenzymebalancE.Youneedtoidentifyandavoidthefoodsthatcauseacidaccumulationandconsumethefoodsthatincreaseenzymeproduction.Ifyoutrulywanttochangeandhelpyourbodyhealitselfyouneedtotakeanactiveapproach.67.ItcanbeinferredfromParA.2that_______.A.foodswithnaturalenzymeshelppeoplekeepfitB.we’dbetterbecautiousaboutrawandwholefoodsC.itisessentialforpeopletoprotecttheirvitalorgansD.givingupcookedandrefinedfoodsisanewlifestyle68.Processedfoodsareunhealthybecausethey_______.A.destroybody’scellsB.mayleadtoobesityC.aredifficulttodigestD.stopbody’smetabolism.69.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Towarnpeopleoftheproblemofobesity.B.Toadvocateeatingmorerawandwholefoods.C.Toinformpeopleoftheharmofprocessedfoods.D.Totellthedifferencesbetweenrawandprocessedfoods.70.Whatislikelytobetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A.Differentcausesofacidaccumulation.B.Correctwaystocookrawfoods.C.Suitabletypesofrawandwholefoods.D.ActiveapproachestoavoidaciD.
Computerpeopletalkalotabouttheneedforotherpeopletobecomecomputer-literatE.Butnotallexperts专家agreethatthisisagoodideA.OnepioneerinparticularwhodisagreesisDavidTebbuttthefounderofComputertownUK.Althoughmanypeopleseethisasasuccessfulattempttobringpeopleclosertothecomputer.Daviddoesnotseeitthatway.HesaysthatComputertownUKwasformedforjusttheoppositereasontobringcomputerstopeopleandmakethempeople-literatE.DavidTebbuttthinksComputertownsaremostsuccessfulwhentiedtoacomputerclubbutheinsiststhereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo.Theclubsareforpeoplewhohavesomecomputerknowledgealready.Thisfrightensawaynon-expertswhoarehappiergoingtoComputertownswheretherearecomputersforthemtoexperimentonwithexpertstoencouragethemandansweranyquestionstheyhavE.Theyarenottoldwhattodotheyfindout.Thecomputerexpertshavetolearnnottotellpeopleaboutcomputersbuthavetobeabletoanswerallquestionspeopleask.Peopledon’thavetolearncomputerterms术语buttheexpertshavetoexplaininplainlanguagE.Thecomputersarebecomingpeople-literatE.56WhichofthefollowingisDavidTebbutt’sidesontherelationshipbetweenpeopleandcomputers?A.Computerlearningshouldbemadeeasier.B.Thereshouldbemorecomputerclubsforexperts.C.PeopleshouldworkhardertomastercomputerusE.D.Computersshouldbemadecheapersothatpeoplecanaffordthem.57Wecaninferfromthetextthatcomputer-lileratemeans_______.A.beingabletoaffordacomputerB.beingabletowritecomputerprogramsC.workingwiththecomputerandfindingoutitsvalueD.understandingthecomputerandknowinghowtouseit58TheunderlinedworditinthesecondparagraphreferstotheideathatComputertowns___.A.helptosetupmorecomputerclubsB.bringpeopletolearntousecomputersC.bringmoreexpertstoworktogetherD.helptosellcomputerstothepublic59DavidTebbuttstartedComputertownUKwiththepurposeof______.A.makingbetteruseofcomputerexpertsB.improvingcomputerprogramsC.increasingomputersalesD.popularisingcomputers
Drawingsofhumancoloniesonotherplanetsoftenpicturetheentirecommunityunderaglassorplasticbubble.Thebubbleisintendedtocreateanatmospherewithadequateoxygenandotheressentialelements.Butsimilarbubble-likestructureshavealsobeenconstructedonearth.OneofthemostfamousandcontroversialisasiteintheArizonadesert.Biosphere2asitiscalledwasbuiltnotfarfromTucsonin1984andisnowrunbyColumbiaUniversity.Thishuge7200000-cubic-footglassandsteelconstructioncontainsseveralseparateecosystemsincludingadesertarainforestanda900000-gallonocean.Theclimaticconditions-humiditytemperatureairquality-areregulatedbysensorsandcanbeadjustedasneededordesired.Forexamplearainstormcanbecreatedtoincreasethehumidity.TheadjustablefeaturesofBiosphere2makeitanideallocationtoperformexperimentstohelpdeterminetheeffectsofsuchclimaticchangesasglobalwarming.ThecurrentconditionsatBiosphere2arevastlydifferentfromthosein1993wheneightpeoplewhohadmovedintotheenvironmentwithgreatfanfaretwoyearsearliermovedoutinfailure.Thoughpromisingtobeself-sufficient自足的thesecolonistshadsomuchtroubleregulatingtheenvironmentthattheyreportedlyhadfoodsmuggledintothem.Oxygenlevelsbecamedangerouslylow;mostplantsandanimalsdied.IntakingovertheunsuccessfulsiteColumbiahopestoeraseitsnotoriouspastbyfocusingonsmallresearchprojectsthatgraduallyanswersomeofBiosphere1’s—thatisEarth’smostbasicenvironmentquestions.61.Thispassageprimarilydealswith_________.A.conditionsoflifeinBiosphere2B.buildingcontrolledenvironmentsonotherplanetsC.whyBiosphere2failedinthepastD.whatmakesagoodbiospherecolonist62.Biosphere2isnowrunby_________.A.agroupofeightcolonistsB.ColumbiaUniversityC.thecityofTucsonD.scientistswhohopetoestablishBiosphere363.ThepassagesuggeststhatearliercolonistsofBiosphere2_________.A.didnotlikelivinginacontrolledenvironmentB.founditverydifficulttoliveinacontrolledenvironmentC.stillareinvolvedwithBiosphere2D.havenowleftthecountryindisgrace64.ThewriterhelpsyouunderstandwhatBiosphere2islikeby_________.A.comparingitsfeatureswiththoseofanouterspacebiosphereB.explainingtheprocessbywhichitwasconstructedC.referringtoaninterviewwithoneofformerinhabitantsD.describingitsappearanceandconditions65.Inparagraph3thewordnotoriousmeans_________.A.wellknownforsomethinggoodB.wellknownforsomethingbadC.verydangerousD.quiteinteresting
Desertsarefoundwherethereislittlerainfallorwhererainforawholeyearfallsinonlyafewweeks’timE.Teninchesofrainmaybeenoughformanyplantstosurviveiftherainisspreadthroughouttheyear.Ifitrainswithinoneortwomonthsandtherestoftheyearisdrythoseplantsmaydieandadesertmayform.Sandbeginsastinypiecesofrockthatgetsmallerandsmalleraswindandweatherwearthemdown.Sanddunes沙丘areformedaswindsmovethesandacrossthedesert.BitbybitthedunesgrowovertheyearsalwaysmovingwiththewindsandchangingtheshapE.Mostofthemareonlyafewfeettallbuttheycangrowtobeseveralhundredfeethigh.Thereishowevermuchmoretoadesertthansand.InthedesertsoftheSouthwesternUnitedStatescliffsanddeepvalleyswereformedfromthickmudthatoncelaybeneathaseamorethanmillionsofyearsago.Overthecenturiesthewaterdriedup.Windsandrainheatandcoldallworeawayattheremainingrocks.Thefaceofthedesertmountainsarealwayschanging—veryveryslowlyastheseforcesofnaturecontinuetoworkontherock.MostdesertshaveasurprisingvarietyoflifE.Thereareplantsanimalsandinsectsthathaveadaptedtolifeinthedesert.DuringtheheatofthedayavisitormayseeveryfewsignsoflivingthingsbutastheairbeginstocoolintheeveningthedesertcomestolifE.Asthesunbeginstoriseagainintheskythedesertonceagainbecomesquietandlonely.53.Manyplantsmaysurviveinthedesertswhen___________.A.therainisspreadoutinayearB.therainfallsonlyinafewweeksC.thereislittleraininayearD.itisdryalltheyeararound54.Sanddunesareformedwhen_________.A.sandpilesupgraduallyB.thereisplentyofraininayearC.theseahasdriedupovertheyearsD.piecesoftherockgetsmaller55.Theunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3probablymeansthatinadesertthereis_______.A.toomuchsandB.moresandthanbeforeC.nothingexceptsandD.somethingelsebesidessand56.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatinadesert_________.A.thereisnorainfallthroughouttheyearB.lifeexistsinroughconditionsC.allsanddunesareafewfeethighD.rocksarewornawayonlybywindandheat
Scientistswhotrytopredictearthquakeshavegottensomenewhelpersrecently—animals.That’srightanimals.Scientistshavebeguntounderstandwhatfarmershaveknownforthousandsofyears.Animalsoftenseemtoknowinadvancethatanearthquakeiscomingandtheyshowtheirfearbyactinginstrangeways.BeforeaChinesequakein1975snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlyonlytofreezetodeathinthecoldair.Cowsbroketheirhalters缰绳andtriedtoescapE.ChickensrefusedtoentertheircagE.AllofthisunusualbehavioraswellasphysicalchangesintheearthwarnedChinesescientistsofthecomingquakE.Theymovedpeopleawayfromthedangerzoneandsavedthousandsoflives.Onetaskforscientiststodayistolearnexactlywhichtypesofanimalbehaviorpredictquakes.It’snotaneasyjoB.FirstofallnoteveryanimalreactstothedangerofanearthquakE.JustbeforeaCaliforniaquakein1977forexampleanArabianhorsebecameverynervousandtriedtobreakoutofhisenclosurE.TheAustralianhorsenexttohimhoweverremainedperfectlycalm.It’salsodifficultattimestotellthedifferencebetweennormalanimalrestlessnessandearthquakenerves.A.zookeeperoncecalledearthquakeresearcherstosaythathiscougar美洲狮hadbeenactingstrangely.Itturnedoutthatthecathadanupsetstomach.AsecondtaskforscientistsistofindoutexactlywhatkindofwarningstheanimalsreceivE.Theyknowthatanimalssensefarmoreoftheworldthanhumansdo.ManyanimalscanseehearandsmellthingsthatpeopledonotevennoticE.SomecansensetinychangesinairpressuregravityorthemagnetismofEarth.Thisextrasenseprobablyhelpsanimalspredictquakes.Agoodexampleofthisoccurredwithagroupofdogs.Theywereshutinanareathatwasbeingshakenbyaseriesoftinyearthquakes.SeveralsmallquakesoftencomebeforeorafteralargeonE.BeforeeachquakealowboomingsoundwashearD.Eachboomcausedthedogstobarkwildly.ThenthedogsbegantobarkduringasilentperioD.A.scientistwhowasrecordingquakeslookedathismachinE.Itwasactingasthoughtherewerealoudnoisetoo.ThescientistrealizedthatthedogshadreactedtoaboomingnoisE.Theyalsosensedthetinyquakethatfollowedit.Themachinerecordedboththoughhumansfeltandheardnothing.Inthiscasetherewasamachinetomonitorwhatthedogsweresensing.Manytimeshoweverourmachinesrecordnothingextraordinaryeventhoughanimalsknowaquakeiscoming.Theanimalsmightbesensingsomethingwemeasurebutdonotrecognizeasawarning.Discoveringwhatanimalssenseandlearninghowtheyknowitisadangersignalisajobforfuturescientists.59.Throughthepassagethewriterhopestoexplore__________.A.whyanimalssendadangersignalbeforeanearthquakeB.howanimalsknowwhenanearthquakeiscomingC.whyanimalshavegoodsenseofdangerD.howmuchanimalsknowaboutanearthquake60.DuringanearthquakeinChinain1975_________.A.chickensrefusedtogooutoftheircageB.snakeswerefrozentodeathintheircavesC.snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlierD.cowsbroketheirhaltersandescapedfromtheirsheds61.Whichofthefollowingisoneofearthquakenervesaccordingtothepassage?A.AnArabianhorsetriedtoescapefromhisenclosurE.B.A.cougarhadanupsetstomachunexpectedly.C.AnAustralianhorsewasperfectlycalm.D.A.catactedverystrangelyinazoo.62.Thescientistsdidanexperimentwithagroupofdogsto_________.A.findoutthatthemachinecouldrecordunusualhappeningsB.comparethereactionsofanimalsandthoseofhumansC.provethatanimalscouldsensemorethanhumansD.findoutwhatexactwarningsanimalssent
Aloneinthewilderness.NothingbutjunglE.A.worldofshadowwiththeraysoflightfallinglikeblondehairfromthecrownsofthegianttrees.Jungleinthemiddaysun.Everythingmotionless.Notasoundfromskyorearth.CompletesilencE.Onlysomecoconutsfallingatlongintervalsveryfaraway.Theworldreducedtothesofttouchofcoolgrassalongmynakedbackandasweetsmellofrichsoilandvegetation.StretchedoutwithclosedeyesbesidemyheavyburdenoffruitandfirewoodIenjoyedthefeelingoffreshbloodstreamingthrougheverypartofmybodyandfreshjungleairfillingeverycornerofmylungs.RestingmotionlessIcouldseethesunthroughmyclosedeyelidsaloneintheskyaslonelyasIandasmotionlessandsilentaseverythingelsE.Theearthhadsurelystoppedturningandsomewhereonthisplanettherewassupposedtoberoaringtrafficinbusystreets.Whatacrazyunbelievablethought!Anothercoconutfelltomaketheworldcometoacompletestandstill.IhadtorolloverontomystomachtofeelthatatleastIcouldmoveandmakenoises.ThenIfoundcompany.A.littlebrownantwasstrugglingtofinditswaywithabitofdrystrawthroughthejungleofleavesandgrassbelowmynosE.IwonderedifIcouldgivethelittlefellowaliftwithitsburdenbutitshowednottheslightestsignoftirednessandstruggledonwithallsixlegsheadfirstorheadlastwavingitsfeelersenergeticallyasifthetriphadjuststarteD.Whoeversawatiredant?Tirednessdisagreeabletirednessisrestrictedtohuntedanimalsslavesandmodernman.Itisasgreataneffortforanofficeclerktowalkfiveblockswithaloadedbrief-caseasitisforajungle-dwellertocrossavalleywithagoatonhisback.Itisashardtogetupandclimborrunwhenyouhavebeenseatedforyearsasitistogetupandwalkwhenyouhavebeeninbedformonths.ThebodyisstrangE.Spareitandyougetreallytiredforalmostnothing;useitandalmostnothingmakesyoureallytireD.Irosetomyfeet.Ihadheardahorseneighingdowninthevalley.Abovemeontheopenhighlandplainstherewerewildhorses.Butdowninthevalleytherewasneverahorseunlesstherewasamanonit.SomebodywasmakinghiswayupthevalleyandmywifewasalonE.71.Theauthormentionscoconuts’fallingto.A.showhislonelinessB.addbeautytothejungleC.expresshisloveofnatureD.stresstheabsolutesilence72.What’stherightorderofthefollowingvents?A.Iheardahorseneighingdowninthevalley.B.IwenttothejunglE.C.Ifoundanantcarryingabitofdrystraw.D.Ilayonthegroundtohaveabreak.E.IpickedfruitsandchoppedfirewooD.A.bceadB.ecbdaC.bedcaD.edcba73.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheant?A.Headmireditsattitudetowardwork.B.Hewasamazedatitstirelessefforts.C.Heshowedsympathyforthelittleant.D.Hewascontenttohaveitasacompanion.74.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorwouldprobably.A.workharderthanbeforeB.talktothemanonthehorseC.makehiswayhomeD.stayinthevalley75.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.enjoyedbeingaloneB.experiencedaworldofquietnessC.missedhisbusylifeinthecityD.hadanunforgettableadventure
Intheearly1950sresearchersfoundthatpeoplescoredloweronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguagE.ResearchinthesixtiesfoundtheoppositE.BilingualpeoplescoredhigherthanmonolingualspeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguagE.Sowhichisit?ResearcherspresentedtheirneweststudieslastmonthatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencE.Thelatestevidenceshowsthatbeingbilingualdoesnotnecessarilymakepeoplesmarter.ButresearcherEllenBialystoksaysitprobablydoesmakeyoubetteratcertainskills.EllenBialystoksaidImaginedrivingdownthehighway.There’remanythingsthatcouldcaptureyourattentionandyoureallyneedtobeabletomonitorallofthem.Whywouldbilingualismmakeyouanybetteratthat?Andtheanswershesaysisthatbilingualpeopleareoftenbetteratcontrollingtheirattention—afunctioncalledtheexecutivecontrolsystem.Ms.BialystokisapsychologyprofessoratYorkUniversityinTorontoCanadA.ShesaysthebestmethodtomeasuretheexecutivecontrolsystemiscalledtheStroopTest.A.personisshownwordsindifferentcolors.Thepersonhastoignorethewordbutsaythecolor.The.problemisthatthewordsareallnamesofcolors.EllenBialystoksaidSoyouwouldhavethewordbluewritteninredbutyouhavetosayreD.Butblueissosalient显著的it’sjustlightingupallthesecircuits电路inyourbrainandyoureallywanttosaybluE.Soyouneedamechanism机制tooverridethatsothatyoucansayreD.That’stheexecutivecontrolsystem.Herworkshowsthatbilingualpeoplecontinuallypracticethisfunction.TheyhavetobecausebothlanguagesareactiveintheirbrainatthesametimE.Theyneedtosuppress抑制onetobeabletospeakintheother.Thismentalexercisemighthelpinotherwaystoo.Researcherssaybilingualchildrenarebetterabletoseparateawordfromitsmeaningandmorelikelytohavefriendsfromdifferentcultures.BilingualadultsareoftenfourtofiveyearslaterthanothersindevelopingdementiaorAlzheimer’sdiseasE.66.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.BilingualPeopleSmarterB.MonolingualPeopleSmarterC.BilingualPeopleLongerLivesD.BilingualPeopleBetteratSomeSkills67.TheunderlinedwordoverrideinParagraph6probablymeans____.A.payattentiontoB.takenonoticeofC.takeaninterestinD.takecareof68.IntheStroopTestsupposingyouhavethewordyellowwritteninwhiteyouwillhavetosay____.A.whiteB.yellowC.blueD.red69.WhichgroupofpeoplecanmostlikelypasstheStroopTest?A.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyChinesE.B.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyJapanesE.C.PeoplewhocanspeakmorethanonelanguagE.D.PeoplewhocanspeakonlyEnglish.70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothetext?A.A.bilingualchildisbetteratseparatingawordfromitsmeaning.B.A.bilingualchildcanmoreeasilymakefriendswithaforeignchilD.C.BilingualpeoplearemoreabletomonitorseveralthingsatthesametimE.D.It’snotpossibleforbilingualpeopletodevelopAlzheimer’sdiseasE.
Researchersfoundthatwalkingaroundwithaforcedsmileandfake假的happinesssimplyleadstopeoplefeelingunhappier.Soputtingabravefaceonyoursadnesscouldbeharmful.Theresearchalsofoundthatwomensufferedmorethanmenwhenpretendingtobehappy.Dr.BrentScottwholedthestudysaidemployersshouldtakenotebecauseforcingworkerstosmilewhendealingwiththepubliccanresultinbadoutcomes.HesaidSmilingforthesakeofsmilingcanleadtoemotionaltirednessandthat’sbadfortheorganization.Healsosaidtheresearchshowedcustomer-serviceworkerswhohadfakesmilesthroughoutthedayfellintoabadmoodanddidn’twanttoworksotheirproductivitydroppeD.Thestudyisoneofthefirstofitskindtoexamineemotionalexpressionsoveraperiodoftimeandcomparethedifferenteffectsonmenandwomen.Dr.Scott’steamexaminedtheeffectsofsurfaceactingorfakesmilingcomparedtodeepactingormakingpeoplesmilebythinkingofpeasantmemories.Dr.ScottsaidWomenwereharmedmorebysurfaceactingmeaningtheirmoodsworsenedevenmorethanmen’s.Howevertheywerehelpedmorebydeepactingwhichmeanstheirmoodsimprovedmorebythinkingofpleasantmemories.AccordingtoDr.Scottwomentendtosuffermorewhenpretendingtobehappybecausetheyareexpectedtobemoreemotionallyexpressivethanmen.Thereforeforcingasmilewhilefeelingdownismorelikelytogoagainsttheirnormalbehaviorandcausemoreharmfulfeelings.AlthoughdeepactingcanimprovemoodsalittleintheshorttermDr.Scottsaysit’snotalong-termsolutiontofeelingunhappy.Therehavebeensomesuggestionsthatifyoudothisoveralongperiodyoustarttofeelunreal.You’retryingtodeveloppositiveemotionsbutattheendofthedayyoumaynotfeellikeyourselfanymorE.68.AccordingtothepassageDr.Scott’sstudy______.A.issupportedbysomebigemployersintheUSAB.ismeaningfulastherehaven’tbeenmanysimilaronesC.examinedmorewomenthanmenforalongtimeD.aimedtomaketheemployeesmoreproductive69.Womensuffermorefromfakehappinessmainlybecause______.A.theyusuallyturnupshyinpublicplacesB.theyshouldbemoreemotionallyexpressiveC.theyareoftentreatedinaterriblewayD.theylikethinkingofpleasantmemories70.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatdeepacting_____.A.doesn’thaveanyeffectonmenB.cannotimproveourmoodsinanycaseC.harmsourfeelingsinthelongrunD.pleasespeoplebyfeelinglikeanotherperson71.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Fakesmilingmakespeopleunhappy.B.Womenshouldn’tbeforcedtosmilE.C.Animportantsuggestionforworkers.D.Whypeopledon’twanttowork.
AwomanintheUSisabletospeakforthefirsttimein11yearsafterapioneeringvoiceboxtransplant移植.BrendaJensensaidtheoperationwasagreatsuccesswhichhadsavedherlife.Thirteendaysafterthesurgeryshesaidherfirstwords:GoodmorningIwanttogohome.Itisthefirsttimeavoiceboxandwindpipehavebeentransplantedatthesametimeandonlythesecondtimeavoiceboxhaseverbeentransplanted.Ms.Jensen52hadbeenunabletospeakonherownsincehervoiceboxwasdamagedduringsurgeryin1999.Sincethenshehasbeenunabletotasteorsmellfoodcouldbreatheonlythroughaholeinherwindpipeandcouldtalkonlywiththehelpofanelectronicvoicebox.InOctobersurgeonsattheUniversityofCaliforniaDavisMedicalCentreremovedthevoiceboxand6cmofthewindpipefromadonorbody.Inan18-houroperationthiswastransplantedintoMs.Jensen'sthroatandtheteamconnectedittoherbloodsupplyandnerves神经.ProfessorMartinBirchallfromUniversityCollegeLondonwhowaspartofthesurgeryteamsaid:We'velearnedthatwecanrepairnervestomakeevenverycomplexorgansfunctionagain.It'llopenthedoortobetterfacialtransplantsandwillbeextremelyimportantastissueengineeringdevelops.Avoiceboxtransplantmightbelifechangingbutitisnotlifesaving.Everyonewhoreceivesatransplantmusttakedrugstocontroltheimmunesystem免疫系统fortherestoftheirlives.Thesedrugscanreducelifeexpectancysotheyarenormallysetasideforlifesavingprocedures.OneofthereasonsMs.Jensenwasasuitablepersonforthistransplantwasthatshewasalreadytakingimmunecontrollingdrugsafterakidney-pancreastransplantfouryearsago.ProfessorPeterBelafskypartofthesurgicalteamsaid:Brendawasanexceptionalcandidateforthetransplantbecauseshewashighlymotivated.Anyonewho'smetBrendaknowsthatsheisastronganddeterminedpersonwithagreatoutlookonlifeinspiteofthemanyphysicalchallengesshe'sfacedoverherlifetime.63.Thevoicetransplantoperationisofgreatsignificancebecauseitprovesthat____.A.facialtransplantsarenoweasiertoperformB.newmedicaltechnologyisalwayspossibletodiscoverC.nerverepairingisabreakthroughintissueengineeringD.thedrugstakenaftertheoperationhelpthepatientlivelonger64.Ms.Jensenwasasuitablepersonforthistransplantbecauseshewas____.A.strong-willedandpreparedB.experiencedandbraveC.seriouslyillandmotivatedD.determinedandrealistic65.Whichofthefollowingistherighttimeorderoftheevent?a.Ms.Jensenreceivedavoiceboxtransplantoperation.b.Ms.Jensenbegantotakeimmunecontrollingdrugs.c.Doctorsremovedthevoiceboxfromadonorbody.d.Ms.Jensenhadakidney-pancreastransplantoperation.A.acdbB.dbcaC.bdcaD.cabd66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TransplantSavesA.Woman'sLifeB.OvercomingObstaclestoSpeakAgainC.FirstWordsfromNewVoiceBoxD.CourageousWomanDefeatingFears
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