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Theseaturtle'snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
At80PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis.
Mt.DesertIslandThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepointsyouwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline46AtthattimethewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacier冰川descen-dedhoweveritexpendedenormousforceonthosemountainsandtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssankoceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremaininglandformeraseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons咸水湖.Thehighestpartsoftheformermountaininrangerearesttheshoreremainedasislands47Marinefossilsfoundherewere225feetabovesealevelindicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabitedbutmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.MtDesertIslandisoneofthelargestmostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles.Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands48.ForyearsMt.DesertIslandparticularlyitsmajorsettlementBarHarboraffordedsummerhomesforthewealthy.RecentlythoughBarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.ButthebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetileislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperate温带andsub—Arcticzonestheislandsupperstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeachinlandandalpine高山的plants.49TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeoplenotjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycampingcyclingandboatingOrtheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseumlearningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.50FromthesummityoucangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyaretreatingglacier.A.Thismountainrises1532feetmakingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboard.B.ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSoundadeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.C.ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertsIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.D.Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalltheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.E.Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.F.Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.
OwlsandLarks锚头鹰与云雀1.Inthisarticlewelookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightofmorehoursofsleep.ButwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplaceWeneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedbysaythesoundofanalarmclockitmaynotbeaseffective.SoifyoursleepiscutshortbythealarmclockhowdamagingisitThetruthisthatit’sdifficulttopredictassomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2.Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarksearlyrisersorowlsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyleageandpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabitforexampleparentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3.Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabookmovieorcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhandlarkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning-anowl’soralark’slifestyleThesimpletruthisthatitismorecomplexthansimplybeingoneortheother.Leadingawell-balancedlifeintermsofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximumrefreshmentisprobablythesecret.4.Asfornapsexpertsoninsomnia失眠argueagainsttakingnapsasthesemaykeeppeopleupatnight.Ifyournaplastsonlyfiveminutestohalfanhouranddoesnotaffectyourabilitytofallasleepinthenightitwillprobablyhelpyoubemorealertineveninghours.Howeverifyouarehavingproblemsgettingtosleepatnightit’snotonlynapsthatyoushouldavoid.Trynottodrinkalotofalcoholtakenicotine尼古丁domentallyintenseactivitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexerciseintheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstopsthemfromsleepinglikealogwhereasotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallnight.Howeverthebestadviceformostistoavoiditintheeveningandifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanaprememberyouarelikelytoawakenassoonasthecaffeinestartskickingin.A.WhichisbetterbeinganowloralarkB.WhatshouldweavoidC.WhathelpsusfallasleepD.WhatmakespeopleowlsorlarksE.WhydoweneedsleepF.Howmuchsleepdoweneed.’Paragraph4______.
ImmuneFunctionsTheimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmunesystemindefendingthebodyreliesonadynamicregulatorycommunicationnetworkconsistingofmillionsandmillionsofcells.Organizedintosetsandsubsetsthesecellspassinformationbackandforthlikecloudsofbeesflyingaroundahive蜂巢.Theresultisasensitivesystemofchecksandbalancesthatproducesanimmuneresponsethatispromptappropriateeffectiveandself-limiting.Attheheartoftheimmunesystemistheabilitytodistinguishbetweenselfandnoself.Whenimmunedefendersencountercellsororganismscarryingforeignornonselfmoleculestheimmunetroopsmovequicklytoeliminatetheintruders入侵者.Virtuallyeverybodycellcarriesdistinctivemoleculesthatidentifyitasself.Thebody’simmunedefensesdonotnormallyattacktissuesthatcarryaselfmarker.Ratherimmunecellsandotherbodycellscoexistpeaceablyinsstateknownasself-toler-ance.Whenanormallyfunctioningimmunesystemattacksanonselfmoleculethesystemhastheabilitytorememberthespecificsoftheforeignbody.Uponsubsequentencounterswiththesamespeciesofmoleculestheimmunesystemreactsaccordingly.Withthepossibleexceptionofantibodies抗体passedduringlactation哺乳期]thissocalledimmunesystemmemoryisnotinherited.Despitetheoccurrenceofavirusinyourfamilyyourimmunesystemmustlearnfromexperiencewiththemanymillionsofdistinctivenonselfmoleculesintheseaofmicrobes微生物inwhichwelive.Learningentailsproducingtheappropriatemoleculesandcellstomatchupwithandcounteracteachnonselfinvader.Anysubstancecapableoftriggeringanimmuneresponseiscalledanantigen抗原.Antigensarenottobeconfusedwithallergens过敏原whicharemostoftenharmlesssubstancesthatprovoketheimmunesystemtosetofftheinappropriateandharmfulresponseknownasallergy.Anantigencanbeavirusabacteriumorevenaportionorproductofoneoftheseorganisms.Tissuesorcellsfromanotherindividualalsoactasantigens;becausetheimmunesystemrecognizestransplantedtissuesasforeignitrejectsthem.Thebodywillevenrejectnourishingproteinsunlesstheyarefirstbrokendownbythedigestivesystemintotheirprimarynonantigenicbuildingblocks.Anantigenannouncesitsforeignnessbymeansofintricateandcharacteristicshapescalledepitopes抗原表位whichprotrude突出fromitssurface.Mostantigenseventhesimplestmicrobescarryseveraldifferentkindsofepitopesontheirsurface;somemayevencarryseveralhundreds.Someepitopeswillbemoreeffectivethanothersatstimulatinganimmuneresponse.Onlyinabnormalsituationdoestheimmunesystemwronglyidentifyselfasnonselfandexecuteamisdirectedimmuneattack.Theimmunecellsandothercellsinthebodycoexistpeaceablyinastateknownas
Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon-pollutingenergysource.
RelievingthePainExercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpainsaydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain.Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaroundgooutmoreandstartexercising.Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductiveespeciallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpainafterheadachesandtirednesshasbecomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumbar腰部的painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsoffthegroundbuttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary久坐不动的lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmusclessothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthesiteofpain.Exerciseisessential.Itreleasesendorphins内啡肽thebody’sfeel-goodchemicalswhicharenaturalpainkillers.Infactthesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.Mostpeoplewhogotoafamilydoctorcomplainingofpainareprescribedpain-killingdrugsratherthanexercise.Sincefindingthecauseofbackacheisnotsoeasydoctorsfrequentlydonotknowtheprecisecauseofthediscomfortandasthepaincontinuessufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesoraseriesofdifferentdrugs.It’scrazysaysDr.BrasseuratherapistattheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPain.SomeofthemaretakingdifferentdrugsprescribedbydifferentdoctorsI’vejustseenapatientwhowastakingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferentnames.Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrugsarebestavoided.Oncepatientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckuptheirmedicationiscutdownasmuchaspossible.Takingpatientsoffdrugsalsopreparesthemforphysicalactivity.Insomepain-reliefclinicspatientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercisesfollowedbyanhouronexercisebikes.Laterinthedaytheypracticetrainchi太极self-defenseanddeepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-a-halfhours’physiotherapy理疗aweekinatraditionalhospitalprogram.Theideaistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergyflexibilityandconfidenceexplainsBillWilesaconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool.Patientsundergoingthistherapygetbacktoworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthanthosesubjectedtomoreconservativetreatment./Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugscompletely.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
BeAlerttoAntimicrobial抗微生物的ResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoavoidtheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibiotics抗生素normallyusedfortheirtreatment.Theyareknownasmulti-drugresistantbacteriaposingparticulardifficultiesastheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrains菌株andtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibioticsreducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria.AnarticlepublishedinTheLance!InfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.Thearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofantimicrobialresistanceandinparticularhasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappearthisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmissionandtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumersmanagersofhospitalspatientsaswellasnationalgovernmentsthepharma-ceutical制药的industryandinternationalagencies.WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuseincludingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresincludingtheuseofhand-washingmeasuresparticularlyinhealthcarefacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountriesandtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpoliciesandtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.WHOrecommendsgovernmentstofocusonthefollowingareasEXCEPT
Mt.DesertIslandThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepointsyouwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline46AtthattimethewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacier冰川descen-dedhoweveritexpendedenormousforceonthosemountainsandtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssankoceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremaininglandformeraseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons咸水湖.Thehighestpartsoftheformermountaininrangerearesttheshoreremainedasislands47Marinefossilsfoundherewere225feetabovesealevelindicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabitedbutmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.MtDesertIslandisoneofthelargestmostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles.Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands48.ForyearsMt.DesertIslandparticularlyitsmajorsettlementBarHarboraffordedsummerhomesforthewealthy.RecentlythoughBarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.ButthebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetileislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperate温带andsub—Arcticzonestheislandsupperstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeachinlandandalpine高山的plants.49TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeoplenotjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycampingcyclingandboatingOrtheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseumlearningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.50FromthesummityoucangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyaretreatingglacier.A.Thismountainrises1532feetmakingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboard.B.ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSoundadeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.C.ThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertsIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.D.Mt.Desertislandisoneofthemostfamousofalltheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.E.Thetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.F.Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.
BeAlerttoAntimicrobial抗微生物的ResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoavoidtheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibiotics抗生素normallyusedfortheirtreatment.Theyareknownasmulti-drugresistantbacteriaposingparticulardifficultiesastheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrains菌株andtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibioticsreducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria.AnarticlepublishedinTheLance!InfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.Thearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofantimicrobialresistanceandinparticularhasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappearthisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmissionandtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumersmanagersofhospitalspatientsaswellasnationalgovernmentsthepharma-ceutical制药的industryandinternationalagencies.WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuseincludingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresincludingtheuseofhand-washingmeasuresparticularlyinhealthcarefacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountriesandtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpoliciesandtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.Thewordprudent’inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto
RelievingthePainExercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpainsaydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain.Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaroundgooutmoreandstartexercising.Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductiveespeciallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpainafterheadachesandtirednesshasbecomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumbar腰部的painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsoffthegroundbuttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary久坐不动的lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmusclessothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthesiteofpain.Exerciseisessential.Itreleasesendorphins内啡肽thebody’sfeel-goodchemicalswhicharenaturalpainkillers.Infactthesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.Mostpeoplewhogotoafamilydoctorcomplainingofpainareprescribedpain-killingdrugsratherthanexercise.Sincefindingthecauseofbackacheisnotsoeasydoctorsfrequentlydonotknowtheprecisecauseofthediscomfortandasthepaincontinuessufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesoraseriesofdifferentdrugs.It’scrazysaysDr.BrasseuratherapistattheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPain.SomeofthemaretakingdifferentdrugsprescribedbydifferentdoctorsI’vejustseenapatientwhowastakingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferentnames.Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrugsarebestavoided.Oncepatientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckuptheirmedicationiscutdownasmuchaspossible.Takingpatientsoffdrugsalsopreparesthemforphysicalactivity.Insomepain-reliefclinicspatientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercisesfollowedbyanhouronexercisebikes.Laterinthedaytheypracticetrainchi太极self-defenseanddeepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-a-halfhours’physiotherapy理疗aweekinatraditionalhospitalprogram.Theideaistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergyflexibilityandconfidenceexplainsBillWilesaconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool.Patientsundergoingthistherapygetbacktoworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthanthosesubjectedtomoreconservativetreatment./Totreatpainpatientsshouldstopmovingaround.
Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything
OwlsandLarks锚头鹰与云雀1.Inthisarticlewelookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightofmorehoursofsleep.ButwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplaceWeneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedbysaythesoundofanalarmclockitmaynotbeaseffective.SoifyoursleepiscutshortbythealarmclockhowdamagingisitThetruthisthatit’sdifficulttopredictassomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2.Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarksearlyrisersorowlsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyleageandpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabitforexampleparentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3.Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabookmovieorcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhandlarkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning-anowl’soralark’slifestyleThesimpletruthisthatitismorecomplexthansimplybeingoneortheother.Leadingawell-balancedlifeintermsofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximumrefreshmentisprobablythesecret.4.Asfornapsexpertsoninsomnia失眠argueagainsttakingnapsasthesemaykeeppeopleupatnight.Ifyournaplastsonlyfiveminutestohalfanhouranddoesnotaffectyourabilitytofallasleepinthenightitwillprobablyhelpyoubemorealertineveninghours.Howeverifyouarehavingproblemsgettingtosleepatnightit’snotonlynapsthatyoushouldavoid.Trynottodrinkalotofalcoholtakenicotine尼古丁domentallyintenseactivitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexerciseintheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstopsthemfromsleepinglikealogwhereasotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallnight.Howeverthebestadviceformostistoavoiditintheeveningandifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanaprememberyouarelikelytoawakenassoonasthecaffeinestartskickingin.A.WhichisbetterbeinganowloralarkB.WhatshouldweavoidC.WhathelpsusfallasleepD.WhatmakespeopleowlsorlarksE.WhydoweneedsleepF.Howmuchsleepdoweneed.’Paragraph2______.
Thedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotest.
CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalkingMillionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountriescellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication--havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalsworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland.therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.OntheotherhandwhydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephonesSignsofchangeinthetissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning扫描equipment.Inonecaseatravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn’trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursadayeverydayofhisworkingweekforacoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneusebuthisemployer’sdoctordidn’tagree.WhatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmfulTheanswerisradiation.High-techma-chinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiationbuttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinuesitappearsthatit’sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenientespeciallyinemergencies.Inthefuturemobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornowit’swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople
OwlsandLarks锚头鹰与云雀1.Inthisarticlewelookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightofmorehoursofsleep.ButwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplaceWeneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedbysaythesoundofanalarmclockitmaynotbeaseffective.SoifyoursleepiscutshortbythealarmclockhowdamagingisitThetruthisthatit’sdifficulttopredictassomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2.Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarksearlyrisersorowlsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyleageandpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabitforexampleparentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3.Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabookmovieorcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhandlarkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning-anowl’soralark’slifestyleThesimpletruthisthatitismorecomplexthansimplybeingoneortheother.Leadingawell-balancedlifeintermsofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximumrefreshmentisprobablythesecret.4.Asfornapsexpertsoninsomnia失眠argueagainsttakingnapsasthesemaykeeppeopleupatnight.Ifyournaplastsonlyfiveminutestohalfanhouranddoesnotaffectyourabilitytofallasleepinthenightitwillprobablyhelpyoubemorealertineveninghours.Howeverifyouarehavingproblemsgettingtosleepatnightit’snotonlynapsthatyoushouldavoid.Trynottodrinkalotofalcoholtakenicotine尼古丁domentallyintenseactivitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexerciseintheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstopsthemfromsleepinglikealogwhereasotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallnight.Howeverthebestadviceformostistoavoiditintheeveningandifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanaprememberyouarelikelytoawakenassoonasthecaffeinestartskickingin.A.WhichisbetterbeinganowloralarkB.WhatshouldweavoidC.WhathelpsusfallasleepD.WhatmakespeopleowlsorlarksE.WhydoweneedsleepF.Howmuchsleepdoweneed.’Parentswithveryyoungchildrentendto______.
OwlsandLarks锚头鹰与云雀1.Inthisarticlewelookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightofmorehoursofsleep.ButwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplaceWeneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedbysaythesoundofanalarmclockitmaynotbeaseffective.SoifyoursleepiscutshortbythealarmclockhowdamagingisitThetruthisthatit’sdifficulttopredictassomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2.Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarksearlyrisersorowlsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyleageandpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabitforexampleparentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3.Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabookmovieorcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhandlarkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning-anowl’soralark’slifestyleThesimpletruthisthatitismorecomplexthansimplybeingoneortheother.Leadingawell-balancedlifeintermsofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximumrefreshmentisprobablythesecret.4.Asfornapsexpertsoninsomnia失眠argueagainsttakingnapsasthesemaykeeppeopleupatnight.Ifyournaplastsonlyfiveminutestohalfanhouranddoesnotaffectyourabilitytofallasleepinthenightitwillprobablyhelpyoubemorealertineveninghours.Howeverifyouarehavingproblemsgettingtosleepatnightit’snotonlynapsthatyoushouldavoid.Trynottodrinkalotofalcoholtakenicotine尼古丁domentallyintenseactivitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexerciseintheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstopsthemfromsleepinglikealogwhereasotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallnight.Howeverthebestadviceformostistoavoiditintheeveningandifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanaprememberyouarelikelytoawakenassoonasthecaffeinestartskickingin.A.WhichisbetterbeinganowloralarkB.WhatshouldweavoidC.WhathelpsusfallasleepD.WhatmakespeopleowlsorlarksE.WhydoweneedsleepF.Howmuchsleepdoweneed.’Itisgoodadviceformostpeopleto______.
RelievingthePainExercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpainsaydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain.Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaroundgooutmoreandstartexercising.Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductiveespeciallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpainafterheadachesandtirednesshasbecomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumbar腰部的painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsoffthegroundbuttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary久坐不动的lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmusclessothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthesiteofpain.Exerciseisessential.Itreleasesendorphins内啡肽thebody’sfeel-goodchemicalswhicharenaturalpainkillers.Infactthesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.Mostpeoplewhogotoafamilydoctorcomplainingofpainareprescribedpain-killingdrugsratherthanexercise.Sincefindingthecauseofbackacheisnotsoeasydoctorsfrequentlydonotknowtheprecisecauseofthediscomfortandasthepaincontinuessufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesoraseriesofdifferentdrugs.It’scrazysaysDr.BrasseuratherapistattheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPain.SomeofthemaretakingdifferentdrugsprescribedbydifferentdoctorsI’vejustseenapatientwhowastakingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferentnames.Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrugsarebestavoided.Oncepatientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckuptheirmedicationiscutdownasmuchaspossible.Takingpatientsoffdrugsalsopreparesthemforphysicalactivity.Insomepain-reliefclinicspatientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercisesfollowedbyanhouronexercisebikes.Laterinthedaytheypracticetrainchi太极self-defenseanddeepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-a-halfhours’physiotherapy理疗aweekinatraditionalhospitalprogram.Theideaistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergyflexibilityandconfidenceexplainsBillWilesaconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool.Patientsundergoingthistherapygetbacktoworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthanthosesubjectedtomoreconservativetreatment./Exercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteofpain.
ImmuneFunctionsTheimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmunesystemindefendingthebodyreliesonadynamicregulatorycommunicationnetworkconsistingofmillionsandmillionsofcells.Organizedintosetsandsubsetsthesecellspassinformationbackandforthlikecloudsofbeesflyingaroundahive蜂巢.Theresultisasensitivesystemofchecksandbalancesthatproducesanimmuneresponsethatispromptappropriateeffectiveandself-limiting.Attheheartoftheimmunesystemistheabilitytodistinguishbetweenselfandnoself.Whenimmunedefendersencountercellsororganismscarryingforeignornonselfmoleculestheimmunetroopsmovequicklytoeliminatetheintruders入侵者.Virtuallyeverybodycellcarriesdistinctivemoleculesthatidentifyitasself.Thebody’simmunedefensesdonotnormallyattacktissuesthatcarryaselfmarker.Ratherimmunecellsandotherbodycellscoexistpeaceablyinsstateknownasself-toler-ance.Whenanormallyfunctioningimmunesystemattacksanonselfmoleculethesystemhastheabilitytorememberthespecificsoftheforeignbody.Uponsubsequentencounterswiththesamespeciesofmoleculestheimmunesystemreactsaccordingly.Withthepossibleexceptionofantibodies抗体passedduringlactation哺乳期]thissocalledimmunesystemmemoryisnotinherited.Despitetheoccurrenceofavirusinyourfamilyyourimmunesystemmustlearnfromexperiencewiththemanymillionsofdistinctivenonselfmoleculesintheseaofmicrobes微生物inwhichwelive.Learningentailsproducingtheappropriatemoleculesandcellstomatchupwithandcounteracteachnonselfinvader.Anysubstancecapableoftriggeringanimmuneresponseiscalledanantigen抗原.Antigensarenottobeconfusedwithallergens过敏原whicharemostoftenharmlesssubstancesthatprovoketheimmunesystemtosetofftheinappropriateandharmfulresponseknownasallergy.Anantigencanbeavirusabacteriumorevenaportionorproductofoneoftheseorganisms.Tissuesorcellsfromanotherindividualalsoactasantigens;becausetheimmunesystemrecognizestransplantedtissuesasforeignitrejectsthem.Thebodywillevenrejectnourishingproteinsunlesstheyarefirstbrokendownbythedigestivesystemintotheirprimarynonantigenicbuildingblocks.Anantigenannouncesitsforeignnessbymeansofintricateandcharacteristicshapescalledepitopes抗原表位whichprotrude突出fromitssurface.Mostantigenseventhesimplestmicrobescarryseveraldifferentkindsofepitopesontheirsurface;somemayevencarryseveralhundreds.Someepitopeswillbemoreeffectivethanothersatstimulatinganimmuneresponse.Onlyinabnormalsituationdoestheimmunesystemwronglyidentifyselfasnonselfandexecuteamisdirectedimmuneattack.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalkingMillionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountriescellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication--havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalsworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland.therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.OntheotherhandwhydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephonesSignsofchangeinthetissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning扫描equipment.Inonecaseatravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn’trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursadayeverydayofhisworkingweekforacoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneusebuthisemployer’sdoctordidn’tagree.WhatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmfulTheanswerisradiation.High-techma-chinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiationbuttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinuesitappearsthatit’sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenientespeciallyinemergencies.Inthefuturemobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornowit’swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.Thesalesmanretiredyoungbecause
Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
WhatShouldISaytothePersonWhoHasCancer? Itisnormaltofeelthatyoudon’tknowwhattosaytosomeonewhohascancer．Youmightonlyknowthepersoncasuallyoryoumayhaveworked_________51orlivedneareachotherformanyyearsandhaveacloserrelationshipThemostimportant________52youcandoistoacknowledgethesituationinsomeway-whateverismostcomfortableforyouYoucanshowinterestandconcernyoucanexpressencouragementoryou_____53offersupport．Sometimesthesimplestexpressionsofconcernarethe______54meaningful． Whileitisgoodtobeencouragingitisalsoimportant_____55toshowfalseoptimismortotellthepersonwithcancertoalwayshaveapositiveattitude．Doing_______56thingsmaydiscounttheirfearsconcernsorsadfeelings．Itisalsotemptingtosaythatyouknow________57thepersonfeels．Whileyoumayknowthisisadifficulttimenoonecanknowexactlyhowthepersonwith______58feels. Humorcanbeanimportantway______59copingItisalsoanothersourceofsupportandencouragement．Letthepersonwithcancer______60theleaditishealthyiftheyfindsomethingfunnyaboutasideeffectlikehairlossorincreasedappetiteandyoucancertainlyjoin_______61inagoodlaugh．Thiscanbeagreatwaytorelievestressandtotakeabreakfromthe_______62seriousnatureofthesituation． Whenthepersonwithcancerlooksgoodletthemknow!Refrain忍住_________63commentswhentheirappearanceisn’tasgood．suchasYou’relookingpaleorYou’velostweight．Canceranditstreatmentcanbeveryunpredictable．Bepreparedforgooddaysandbad____64 Refrainfromtellingthepersonwithcancerstoriesaboutfamilymembersorfriendswhohavehadcancer．EveryoneisdifferentandthesestoriesmaynotbehelpfulInsteaditisbettersimplytotellthemyouknow______65aboutcancerbecauseyou’vebeenthroughitwithsomeoneelse.
IgotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch.
CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalkingMillionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountriescellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication--havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalsworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland.therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.OntheotherhandwhydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephonesSignsofchangeinthetissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning扫描equipment.Inonecaseatravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn’trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursadayeverydayofhisworkingweekforacoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneusebuthisemployer’sdoctordidn’tagree.WhatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmfulTheanswerisradiation.High-techma-chinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiationbuttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinuesitappearsthatit’sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenientespeciallyinemergencies.Inthefuturemobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornowit’swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat
RelievingthePainExercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpainsaydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain.Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaroundgooutmoreandstartexercising.Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductiveespeciallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpainafterheadachesandtirednesshasbecomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumbar腰部的painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsoffthegroundbuttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary久坐不动的lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmusclessothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthesiteofpain.Exerciseisessential.Itreleasesendorphins内啡肽thebody’sfeel-goodchemicalswhicharenaturalpainkillers.Infactthesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.Mostpeoplewhogotoafamilydoctorcomplainingofpainareprescribedpain-killingdrugsratherthanexercise.Sincefindingthecauseofbackacheisnotsoeasydoctorsfrequentlydonotknowtheprecisecauseofthediscomfortandasthepaincontinuessufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesoraseriesofdifferentdrugs.It’scrazysaysDr.BrasseuratherapistattheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPain.SomeofthemaretakingdifferentdrugsprescribedbydifferentdoctorsI’vejustseenapatientwhowastakingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferentnames.Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrugsarebestavoided.Oncepatientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckuptheirmedicationiscutdownasmuchaspossible.Takingpatientsoffdrugsalsopreparesthemforphysicalactivity.Insomepain-reliefclinicspatientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercisesfollowedbyanhouronexercisebikes.Laterinthedaytheypracticetrainchi太极self-defenseanddeepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-a-halfhours’physiotherapy理疗aweekinatraditionalhospitalprogram.Theideaistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergyflexibilityandconfidenceexplainsBillWilesaconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool.Patientsundergoingthistherapygetbacktoworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthanthosesubjectedtomoreconservativetreatment./Backachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokillpain.
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