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理工类《阅读理解》真题及答案
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ThePullmanStrikeof1894{{U}}tiedup{{/U}}transportationandwasfinallyendedonlybygovernmentintervention.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Videorecordersandphotocopierseven ticketmachinesontherailwaysoftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.Last DecemberIboughtmyselfavideocassetterecorderVCRdescribedassimpleto use.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachineto recordfromtheTVandaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnot alone.According?toasurveylastyearbyFergusontheBritish manufacturermorethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimer定时器ontheir machinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfar toohardtooperate.??Sowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigning andproducingVCRsthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious. Firsttheproblemwenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallyminded ?有技术思想的designerswithyearso[experienceandtrainedtounderstandhow applianceswork.Secondlydesignerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatime toeachmodelwhereasyouorIfaceallamachine’featuresatonce.Thirdly althoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasyitistoolatebythen todoanythingaboutthedesign.Finallyifmanufacturerscangetawaywith sellingproductsthataredifficulttouseitisnotworththeeffortofany oneofthemtomakeimprovements.??Somemanufacturerssaythey concentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthe machineseasytouse.ButthatgivesrisetothequestionWhycan’tyouhave featuresthatareeasytouse?Theanswerisyoucan.??Good designpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.For astartdesignersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitout ontypicalmembersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopment laboratory.Simplepublictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.In anidealworldtherewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthatthe VCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntilsay90percentofuserscanwork90 percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthe time.Accordingtotheauthormanufacturers______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Videorecordersandphotocopierseven ticketmachinesontherailwaysoftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.Last DecemberIboughtmyselfavideocassetterecorderVCRdescribedassimpleto use.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachineto recordfromtheTVandaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnot alone.According?toasurveylastyearbyFergusontheBritish manufacturermorethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimer定时器ontheir machinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfar toohardtooperate.??Sowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigning andproducingVCRsthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious. Firsttheproblemwenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallyminded ?有技术思想的designerswithyearso[experienceandtrainedtounderstandhow applianceswork.Secondlydesignerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatime toeachmodelwhereasyouorIfaceallamachine’featuresatonce.Thirdly althoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasyitistoolatebythen todoanythingaboutthedesign.Finallyifmanufacturerscangetawaywith sellingproductsthataredifficulttouseitisnotworththeeffortofany oneofthemtomakeimprovements.??Somemanufacturerssaythey concentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthe machineseasytouse.ButthatgivesrisetothequestionWhycan’tyouhave featuresthatareeasytouse?Theanswerisyoucan.??Good designpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.For astartdesignersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitout ontypicalmembersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopment laboratory.Simplepublictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.In anidealworldtherewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthatthe VCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntilsay90percentofuserscanwork90 percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthe time.AccordingtothepassagebeforegVCRissoldonthemarketitsoriginalmodelshouldbetriedout______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ????????{{B}}ScreenTest{{/B}}1. EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreast cancer.Ifthishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreated successfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomen arecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducing cancer.AlsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheir breasttissueisdenser.3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityof Valenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160000womenat11local clinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiationtheyused twomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4.The mathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtection BoardNRPBpredictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper 100000women18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientific CommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20 cancers.5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancers isnotverysignificantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatare discoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300 and450easesofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimizethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreast screeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthat thestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisofthecurrentdata forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskof causingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedin anyscreeningprogramme.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??TheU.S.governmenthasbeencoveringupevidenceof extraterrestrialvisitsformorethan50yearsanarrayof20retiredAir ForceFederalAviationAdministrationandintelligenceofficerssaidrecently. TheydemandedCongressholdhearingsonwhattheysayislongstandingsecret U.S.involvementwithUFOsandextraterrestrials.??{{U}}?46 ?{{/U}}JohnCallahanaformerFAAdivisionchiefofaccidentsand investigationssaidhewasdirectedbyCIAofficerstocoverupaNov.18 1986incidentinvolvingaUFOandaJapaneseairlinernearAnchorageAlaska. MichaelSmithaformerU.S.AirForceairtrafficcontrollerstationednear KlamathFallsOre.inthe1960sandearly1970sreportedseeingaUFO hoveringat80000feetonenight.Iwastoldyoukeepittoyourselfhe said.NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommandcalledmeonenightto saythere’saUFOcominguptheCaliforniacoastline.Iaskedthemwhatto do.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??DonnaHareaNASAdesign illustratorwithsecretclearancesaidUFOswereroutinelyairbrushedoutof highaltitudephotosoftheEarthbeforebeingreleasedtothepublic.? ?{{U}}?48?{{/U}}ApolloastronautsshesaidhadspottedUFOs buttheyaretoldtokeepthisquietandnottotalkaboutitshesaid.Karl WolfanAirForcesergeantwhowasassignedtotheNationalSecurityAgency saidthatmysteriousstructureswerediscoveredonthefarsideofthemoonwhen theUnitedStateswasmappingitssurfacebeforethe1969lunarlanding.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Despitethe government’srefusaltodiscusstheissueseveralwitnesseshavealsotoldof beingstationedatmilitarybasesornearsiloscontainingnuclearmissileswhen aUFOswungby.Afterwardmilitaryofficerswoulddiscoverthemissileshad beentemporarilydeactivated.???A.Theysaidnothingnot towriteitdown.???B.The20witnessesitissaidwerea fractionofthe400peoplewhoarewillingtotestify.???C. ThePentagondoesnotcommentonUFOsexpecttosaytheydonotexistandthat suchobjectsreallyarehighaltitudeballoonsormilitaryaircraft.? ??D.Wealwaysairbrushthemoutbeforewereleasethemtothe publiconetechniciantoldher.???E.Thesehavebeen retrievedfromapurportedcrashinJuly1947.???F.These photostoowereculledoutofthepublicrecord.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案? ?{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Oneofthegreatestmysteriesofthe worldfor’whichscientisthavesofarbeenunabletofindanysatisfactory explanationistheBermudaTrianglesometimecalledtheGraveyardofthe Atlantic.ThisisanareaofthewesternAtlanticbetweenBermudaandFlorida roughlytriangularinshapewheresince1945atleastahundredshipsandplanes andoverathousandpeoplehavedisappeared.Nowreckagehadbeenfoundno bodieslifebeltsoranyotherevidenceofdisater.Itisasiftheseplanes shipsandpeoplehadneverexisted.Insomecasesaroutineradiomessagehas beenreceivedfromaircraftreportingeverythinginorderafewminutesbefore allcontactwaslostinothersaweakS.O.Smessagehasbeenpickedupand inperfectweatherinexplicablereferencestofogandlossofbearings.Inthe extraordinarycaseoffiveU.$.navyplanesdisappearingonaroutinemission fromFloridatherescueplacesenttolocatethemvanishedalso.Therehave beenreferencestothecuriouswhitelightorhazewhichisafeatureofthesea inpartofthisareaanditisinterestingtonotethatnotonlywasthis lightorstreaksoflightobservedbytheastronautsontheirwaytospace butwasalsonotedbyColumbusfivecenturiesago.Whetherthislighthasany connectionwiththemysteriousdisappearanceisunknown-itisjustanother curiouscircumstanceasyetunexplained.??Manytheoriessome borderingonthefantastichavebeenadvancedtoaccountforthedisturbing incidentsthatoccurintheareaoftheBermudaTriangle.Ithasbeenasked whetherthesedisappearancesarecausedbyextraterrestrialactivitybysome undiscoveredsourceofenergyorsomedimensionoftimeorspaceunguessedat byMan.Thisisnoanswerandspeculationcontinuesasanxiety increases.Thecauseofthedisappearancesofshipsandplanesintheareais______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}TelevisionIsDoing IrrearableHarm{{/B}}??Yesbutwhatdidweusetodobeforethere wastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn’tbeen withusallthatlongbutwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwas likewithoutitBeforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomeswenever founditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilized pleasures.Forinstanceweusedtohavehobbiesweusedtoentertainour friendsandbeentertainedbythemweusedtogooutsideforouramusementsto theatrescinemasrestaurantsandsportingeventsWeevenusedtoreadbooks andlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothe past.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeor gulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengiven upsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmealexchangingthenewsof theday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanythingprovidingitdoesn’t interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceand attention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringa programmeheisquicklysilenced.??Wholegenerationaregrowing upaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneatenhomeworkundoneandsleepis lostThetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformother tokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningonthe set.Itdoesn’tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsor spectaclesofsadism性虐狂andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.? ?Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld EverydaytelevisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativeworkThatiswhy mostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththe demandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme thewholeworldbecomesavillageandsocietyisreducedtotheconditions whichobtaininpre-literatecommunities有文字之前的时期.Webecomeutterlydependent onthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespoken work.??Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontent withsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatching othersworking.Littlebylittletelevisioncutsusofffromtherealworld. Wegetsolazywechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darknessgluedtoour setsratherthangooutintotheworlditselfTelevisionmaybeasplendid mediumofcommunicationbutitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother. Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwe spendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountainsfarawayfromcivilizationIn quietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic 催眠tyrannyofKingTelly.Oneharmoftellyistoconsumequantitiesofcreativework.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ????????{{B}}ScreenTest{{/B}}1. EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreast cancer.Ifthishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreated successfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomen arecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducing cancer.AlsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheir breasttissueisdenser.3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityof Valenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160000womenat11local clinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiationtheyused twomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4.The mathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtection BoardNRPBpredictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper 100000women18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientific CommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20 cancers.5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancers isnotverysignificantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatare discoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300 and450easesofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimizethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreast screeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthat thestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisofthecurrentdata forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskof causingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedin anyscreeningprogramme.Paragraph5______
Didn’tyouknowthatthenaughtygirlusedto{{U}}skipclasses?{{/U}}
TheexploitsofthelegendaryminerJohnHenryhavecometosymbolizethemanuallaborer’s{{U}}standagainst{{/U}}mechanization.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Alexandre-GustaveBoenickhausenEiffel wasoneofthe19thcentury’smasterbuilders.Wieldingironinnewwayshe builtbridgesforthecentury’sburgeoningrailwaysinEuropeSouthAmericaand Indochina.AndaftersculptorFredericAugusteBartholdidesignedacolossal 151-footstatueofcoppersheetsin1871heturnedtoFrance’smagicianofiron foritsinternalskeleton.ThusEiffelwasinstrumentalincreatingtwoofthe best-knownmonumentstolibertyinthemodernworld—theStatueofLibertyand theEiffelTowerwhichwasbuilttomarkthecentennialoftheFrench Revolution.??DuringtheNazioccupationinWorldWarIIthe tower’spersonnelsabotagedtheelevators?todeprivetheenemyofaview ofParis.Hitlerwhorefusedtoclimbthe1710stepstothetopposedforhis picturewiththetowerinthebackground.Thecityknewliberationwasathand onAugust251944whentwoParisiansbravingbulletsricochetingthroughthe girderstoredowntheswastikaandhoistedthetricolor.??The towerillustratesEiffel’sgeniusformeticulousinnovativeengineering.After hehadsetmassivestonefoundationsbesidetheSeinefourgiantleaning pillarsencompassingfouracreswerejoined200feetupatthefirstplatform anironbeltoftrussesrunningfrompillartopillar.Thisbelthadtobe perfectlyhorizontal;ifoutoflinebyahairthestructurewouldtilt disastrouslyat1000feet.Eiffel’ssolution:hydraulicjacksembeddedineach 440-toncolumnenablinghimtofine-tuneitsangleperfectly.? ?NextEiffeldeployedcreepercranesthatclimbedthetowerasitgrew helpingtohoist15000girdersand2.5millionrivetstotheexactspotwhere needed.Astonishinglythetowerwascompletedinonlytwoyearsandtwomonths forthreepercentlessthanits$1.5-millionbudgetwithnofatalitiesamong the250workers.??ThankstoEiffel’smasteryofdesignthetower givesthewindlittletoseize.Seenfromcertainanglestheoddlybeautiful traceryofintersectingironbeamsappearsalmosttransparent.Thetowerisso lightthatpressureonthefoundationsisonlyabout60poundspersquare inch—notmuchmorethanawell-fedgentlemanexertsonthefloorwhensittingin achair.HowdidEiffelmaketheironbeltrunningfrompillartopillarperfectlyhorizontal?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}TelevisionIsDoing IrrearableHarm{{/B}}??Yesbutwhatdidweusetodobeforethere wastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn’tbeen withusallthatlongbutwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwas likewithoutitBeforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomeswenever founditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilized pleasures.Forinstanceweusedtohavehobbiesweusedtoentertainour friendsandbeentertainedbythemweusedtogooutsideforouramusementsto theatrescinemasrestaurantsandsportingeventsWeevenusedtoreadbooks andlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothe past.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeor gulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengiven upsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmealexchangingthenewsof theday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanythingprovidingitdoesn’t interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceand attention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringa programmeheisquicklysilenced.??Wholegenerationaregrowing upaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneatenhomeworkundoneandsleepis lostThetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformother tokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningonthe set.Itdoesn’tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsor spectaclesofsadism性虐狂andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.? ?Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld EverydaytelevisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativeworkThatiswhy mostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththe demandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme thewholeworldbecomesavillageandsocietyisreducedtotheconditions whichobtaininpre-literatecommunities有文字之前的时期.Webecomeutterlydependent onthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespoken work.??Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontent withsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatching othersworking.Littlebylittletelevisioncutsusofffromtherealworld. Wegetsolazywechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darknessgluedtoour setsratherthangooutintotheworlditselfTelevisionmaybeasplendid mediumofcommunicationbutitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother. Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwe spendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountainsfarawayfromcivilizationIn quietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic 催眠tyrannyofKingTelly.Werushhometobeintimeforaprogramme.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ????????{{B}}ScreenTest{{/B}}1. EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreast cancer.Ifthishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreated successfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomen arecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducing cancer.AlsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheir breasttissueisdenser.3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityof Valenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160000womenat11local clinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiationtheyused twomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.4.The mathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtection BoardNRPBpredictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper 100000women18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientific CommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20 cancers.5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancers isnotverysignificantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatare discoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300 and450easesofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimizethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreast screeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthat thestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisofthecurrentdata forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskof causingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedin anyscreeningprogramme.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are______.
Somespeciesofbacteriaandfungi{{U}}thriveon{{/U}}simplecompoundssuchasalcohol.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}TelevisionIsDoing IrrearableHarm{{/B}}??Yesbutwhatdidweusetodobeforethere wastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn’tbeen withusallthatlongbutwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwas likewithoutitBeforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomeswenever founditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilized pleasures.Forinstanceweusedtohavehobbiesweusedtoentertainour friendsandbeentertainedbythemweusedtogooutsideforouramusementsto theatrescinemasrestaurantsandsportingeventsWeevenusedtoreadbooks andlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothe past.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeor gulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengiven upsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmealexchangingthenewsof theday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanythingprovidingitdoesn’t interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceand attention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringa programmeheisquicklysilenced.??Wholegenerationaregrowing upaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneatenhomeworkundoneandsleepis lostThetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformother tokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningonthe set.Itdoesn’tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsor spectaclesofsadism性虐狂andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.? ?Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld EverydaytelevisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativeworkThatiswhy mostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththe demandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme thewholeworldbecomesavillageandsocietyisreducedtotheconditions whichobtaininpre-literatecommunities有文字之前的时期.Webecomeutterlydependent onthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespoken work.??Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontent withsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatching othersworking.Littlebylittletelevisioncutsusofffromtherealworld. Wegetsolazywechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darknessgluedtoour setsratherthangooutintotheworlditselfTelevisionmaybeasplendid mediumofcommunicationbutitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother. Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwe spendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountainsfarawayfromcivilizationIn quietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic 催眠tyrannyofKingTelly.WatchingtoomuchTVmaynotonlyresultsinthelazinessbutalsothelowabilitytodothings.
Alllivingorganisms{{U}}regardlessof{{/U}}theiruniqueidentityhavecertainbiologicalchemicalandphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
ProhibitionintheUnitedStates{{U}}usheredin{{/U}}aneraofcrimeandcorruption.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Alexandre-GustaveBoenickhausenEiffel wasoneofthe19thcentury’smasterbuilders.Wieldingironinnewwayshe builtbridgesforthecentury’sburgeoningrailwaysinEuropeSouthAmericaand Indochina.AndaftersculptorFredericAugusteBartholdidesignedacolossal 151-footstatueofcoppersheetsin1871heturnedtoFrance’smagicianofiron foritsinternalskeleton.ThusEiffelwasinstrumentalincreatingtwoofthe best-knownmonumentstolibertyinthemodernworld—theStatueofLibertyand theEiffelTowerwhichwasbuilttomarkthecentennialoftheFrench Revolution.??DuringtheNazioccupationinWorldWarIIthe tower’spersonnelsabotagedtheelevators?todeprivetheenemyofaview ofParis.Hitlerwhorefusedtoclimbthe1710stepstothetopposedforhis picturewiththetowerinthebackground.Thecityknewliberationwasathand onAugust251944whentwoParisiansbravingbulletsricochetingthroughthe girderstoredowntheswastikaandhoistedthetricolor.??The towerillustratesEiffel’sgeniusformeticulousinnovativeengineering.After hehadsetmassivestonefoundationsbesidetheSeinefourgiantleaning pillarsencompassingfouracreswerejoined200feetupatthefirstplatform anironbeltoftrussesrunningfrompillartopillar.Thisbelthadtobe perfectlyhorizontal;ifoutoflinebyahairthestructurewouldtilt disastrouslyat1000feet.Eiffel’ssolution:hydraulicjacksembeddedineach 440-toncolumnenablinghimtofine-tuneitsangleperfectly.? ?NextEiffeldeployedcreepercranesthatclimbedthetowerasitgrew helpingtohoist15000girdersand2.5millionrivetstotheexactspotwhere needed.Astonishinglythetowerwascompletedinonlytwoyearsandtwomonths forthreepercentlessthanits$1.5-millionbudgetwithnofatalitiesamong the250workers.??ThankstoEiffel’smasteryofdesignthetower givesthewindlittletoseize.Seenfromcertainanglestheoddlybeautiful traceryofintersectingironbeamsappearsalmosttransparent.Thetowerisso lightthatpressureonthefoundationsisonlyabout60poundspersquare inch—notmuchmorethanawell-fedgentlemanexertsonthefloorwhensittingin achair.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheTowerisNotTrue?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??TheU.S.governmenthasbeencoveringupevidenceof extraterrestrialvisitsformorethan50yearsanarrayof20retiredAir ForceFederalAviationAdministrationandintelligenceofficerssaidrecently. TheydemandedCongressholdhearingsonwhattheysayislongstandingsecret U.S.involvementwithUFOsandextraterrestrials.??{{U}}?46 ?{{/U}}JohnCallahanaformerFAAdivisionchiefofaccidentsand investigationssaidhewasdirectedbyCIAofficerstocoverupaNov.18 1986incidentinvolvingaUFOandaJapaneseairlinernearAnchorageAlaska. MichaelSmithaformerU.S.AirForceairtrafficcontrollerstationednear KlamathFallsOre.inthe1960sandearly1970sreportedseeingaUFO hoveringat80000feetonenight.Iwastoldyoukeepittoyourselfhe said.NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommandcalledmeonenightto saythere’saUFOcominguptheCaliforniacoastline.Iaskedthemwhatto do.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??DonnaHareaNASAdesign illustratorwithsecretclearancesaidUFOswereroutinelyairbrushedoutof highaltitudephotosoftheEarthbeforebeingreleasedtothepublic.? ?{{U}}?48?{{/U}}ApolloastronautsshesaidhadspottedUFOs buttheyaretoldtokeepthisquietandnottotalkaboutitshesaid.Karl WolfanAirForcesergeantwhowasassignedtotheNationalSecurityAgency saidthatmysteriousstructureswerediscoveredonthefarsideofthemoonwhen theUnitedStateswasmappingitssurfacebeforethe1969lunarlanding.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Despitethe government’srefusaltodiscusstheissueseveralwitnesseshavealsotoldof beingstationedatmilitarybasesornearsiloscontainingnuclearmissileswhen aUFOswungby.Afterwardmilitaryofficerswoulddiscoverthemissileshad beentemporarilydeactivated.???A.Theysaidnothingnot towriteitdown.???B.The20witnessesitissaidwerea fractionofthe400peoplewhoarewillingtotestify.???C. ThePentagondoesnotcommentonUFOsexpecttosaytheydonotexistandthat suchobjectsreallyarehighaltitudeballoonsormilitaryaircraft.? ??D.Wealwaysairbrushthemoutbeforewereleasethemtothe publiconetechniciantoldher.???E.Thesehavebeen retrievedfromapurportedcrashinJuly1947.???F.These photostoowereculledoutofthepublicrecord.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Alexandre-GustaveBoenickhausenEiffel wasoneofthe19thcentury’smasterbuilders.Wieldingironinnewwayshe builtbridgesforthecentury’sburgeoningrailwaysinEuropeSouthAmericaand Indochina.AndaftersculptorFredericAugusteBartholdidesignedacolossal 151-footstatueofcoppersheetsin1871heturnedtoFrance’smagicianofiron foritsinternalskeleton.ThusEiffelwasinstrumentalincreatingtwoofthe best-knownmonumentstolibertyinthemodernworld—theStatueofLibertyand theEiffelTowerwhichwasbuilttomarkthecentennialoftheFrench Revolution.??DuringtheNazioccupationinWorldWarIIthe tower’spersonnelsabotagedtheelevators?todeprivetheenemyofaview ofParis.Hitlerwhorefusedtoclimbthe1710stepstothetopposedforhis picturewiththetowerinthebackground.Thecityknewliberationwasathand onAugust251944whentwoParisiansbravingbulletsricochetingthroughthe girderstoredowntheswastikaandhoistedthetricolor.??The towerillustratesEiffel’sgeniusformeticulousinnovativeengineering.After hehadsetmassivestonefoundationsbesidetheSeinefourgiantleaning pillarsencompassingfouracreswerejoined200feetupatthefirstplatform anironbeltoftrussesrunningfrompillartopillar.Thisbelthadtobe perfectlyhorizontal;ifoutoflinebyahairthestructurewouldtilt disastrouslyat1000feet.Eiffel’ssolution:hydraulicjacksembeddedineach 440-toncolumnenablinghimtofine-tuneitsangleperfectly.? ?NextEiffeldeployedcreepercranesthatclimbedthetowerasitgrew helpingtohoist15000girdersand2.5millionrivetstotheexactspotwhere needed.Astonishinglythetowerwascompletedinonlytwoyearsandtwomonths forthreepercentlessthanits$1.5-millionbudgetwithnofatalitiesamong the250workers.??ThankstoEiffel’smasteryofdesignthetower givesthewindlittletoseize.Seenfromcertainanglestheoddlybeautiful traceryofintersectingironbeamsappearsalmosttransparent.Thetowerisso lightthatpressureonthefoundationsisonlyabout60poundspersquare inch—notmuchmorethanawell-fedgentlemanexertsonthefloorwhensittingin achair.AccordingtothetextwhoisFrance’smagicianofiron?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}TelevisionIsDoing IrrearableHarm{{/B}}??Yesbutwhatdidweusetodobeforethere wastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasn’tbeen withusallthatlongbutwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwas likewithoutitBeforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomeswenever founditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilized pleasures.Forinstanceweusedtohavehobbiesweusedtoentertainour friendsandbeentertainedbythemweusedtogooutsideforouramusementsto theatrescinemasrestaurantsandsportingeventsWeevenusedtoreadbooks andlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothe past.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeor gulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengiven upsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmealexchangingthenewsof theday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanythingprovidingitdoesn’t interferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceand attention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringa programmeheisquicklysilenced.??Wholegenerationaregrowing upaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneatenhomeworkundoneandsleepis lostThetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformother tokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningonthe set.Itdoesn’tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsor spectaclesofsadism性虐狂andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.? ?Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld EverydaytelevisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativeworkThatiswhy mostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththe demandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme thewholeworldbecomesavillageandsocietyisreducedtotheconditions whichobtaininpre-literatecommunities有文字之前的时期.Webecomeutterlydependent onthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespoken work.??Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontent withsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatching othersworking.Littlebylittletelevisioncutsusofffromtherealworld. Wegetsolazywechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darknessgluedtoour setsratherthangooutintotheworlditselfTelevisionmaybeasplendid mediumofcommunicationbutitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother. Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwe spendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountainsfarawayfromcivilizationIn quietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic 催眠tyrannyofKingTelly.Thisarticleisaboutthedisadvantagesoftelevision.
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