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南方电网公司市场营销业务模型说明书第二篇营销稽查分册13.9.3规定复 查结果录入营销管理系统后无论
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? {{B}}?????????? ??????????? GlobalWarming{{/B}}??1.Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobal warmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse 温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecover diminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthat couldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.? ?2.Thiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopin DahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobel prizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanof theUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3. IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeand otherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsare blockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物 emissions.Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingby perhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthe pastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4.Butthe Berlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhave reducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃. Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmost twodegreeswarmerthanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystem ismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.? ?5.Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop.Whenthecoverdiminishesinthecomingdecadestemperature______.A.willinfluencefutureclimatechange
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????ATrip{{/B}}? ?EveryyearNewZealanderslivinginLondoncanbeseenloadingupKombi vansandheadingofftoexperiencetheclassicEuropeanholiday.Thetrip usuallystartsinthenorthofFranceaftercrossingthechannelfromDoverin EnglandtoCalaisdrivingdownthroughFranceoverthePyreneesintoSpain westintoPortugalandthenacrosstheContinenttoItalyandoften beyond.??TherearenumerousreasonsyoungNewZealanderstake thisriteofpassage—aswellasseeingallthefantasticsightsandtastingthe delightsofEurope’sfoodandwineit’srelativelyinexpensive.TheKombiis transportandaccommodationallinonecuttingdownsignificantlyon costs.??Thereisjustoneproblem.?AstheKombisbecome antiquethesetripsareusuallypunctuatedwithnumerousroadsidesessionsas thevansitsidleinnohurrytostartwhileyouswelterinthehotsun.But donotletthisdeteryou.TravellingEuropeinyourownvehiclemeansnopublic transportschedulestocrampyourstyletheabilitytoexplorethequaint off-the-beaten-trackvillageswherethereallocalslivefreedomtonothave tobookaccommodationinadvance—youcannearlyalwaysgetacampsiteandcan loadyourvehiclewithcheapfantasticregionalwinesandsouvenirs.Withthese bonusesinmindherearesomesuggestionsforplanningthegreatEuroperoad adventure.Thekeytoapleasurabledrivingexperienceisagoodnavigatoranda driverwithacoolhead.IfyoudonotfeelrelaxeddrivingaroundNewZealand’s citiesandhighwaysthenyouprobablywillnotenjoydrivingaroundEurope.As Co-pilottothedriveryouneedtoreadandunderstandmapslookoutfor turnoffs—andkeepthemusicplaying.Languageisnotabigproblemonceafew essentialtermsaremastered.Thebiggestchallengeisinthecitieswhere trafficcanbechaoticandelaborateone-waysystemsandnarrowcobbled alleywayscanmakefindingyourdestinationhardwork.Itcanbeeasiertoleave thevehicleontheoutskirtsoftownorinacampinggroundandusepublic transport.Thisalsoavoidspayingforcostly parking.Whatisthebiggesttrouble?______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????ATrip{{/B}}? ?EveryyearNewZealanderslivinginLondoncanbeseenloadingupKombi vansandheadingofftoexperiencetheclassicEuropeanholiday.Thetrip usuallystartsinthenorthofFranceaftercrossingthechannelfromDoverin EnglandtoCalaisdrivingdownthroughFranceoverthePyreneesintoSpain westintoPortugalandthenacrosstheContinenttoItalyandoften beyond.??TherearenumerousreasonsyoungNewZealanderstake thisriteofpassage—aswellasseeingallthefantasticsightsandtastingthe delightsofEurope’sfoodandwineit’srelativelyinexpensive.TheKombiis transportandaccommodationallinonecuttingdownsignificantlyon costs.??Thereisjustoneproblem.?AstheKombisbecome antiquethesetripsareusuallypunctuatedwithnumerousroadsidesessionsas thevansitsidleinnohurrytostartwhileyouswelterinthehotsun.But donotletthisdeteryou.TravellingEuropeinyourownvehiclemeansnopublic transportschedulestocrampyourstyletheabilitytoexplorethequaint off-the-beaten-trackvillageswherethereallocalslivefreedomtonothave tobookaccommodationinadvance—youcannearlyalwaysgetacampsiteandcan loadyourvehiclewithcheapfantasticregionalwinesandsouvenirs.Withthese bonusesinmindherearesomesuggestionsforplanningthegreatEuroperoad adventure.Thekeytoapleasurabledrivingexperienceisagoodnavigatoranda driverwithacoolhead.IfyoudonotfeelrelaxeddrivingaroundNewZealand’s citiesandhighwaysthenyouprobablywillnotenjoydrivingaroundEurope.As Co-pilottothedriveryouneedtoreadandunderstandmapslookoutfor turnoffs—andkeepthemusicplaying.Languageisnotabigproblemonceafew essentialtermsaremastered.Thebiggestchallengeisinthecitieswhere trafficcanbechaoticandelaborateone-waysystemsandnarrowcobbled alleywayscanmakefindingyourdestinationhardwork.Itcanbeeasiertoleave thevehicleontheoutskirtsoftownorinacampinggroundandusepublic transport.Thisalsoavoidspayingforcostly parking.TheunderlinedwordKombiPara.1mostprobablymeans______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????ConsumerGoods{{/B}}??Consumerproducts aregoodsandservicesdestinedforthefinalconsumerforpersonalfamilyor householduse.??Consumergoodswerefirstclassifiedabout65 yearsagobyMelvinT.Copeland.Histhree-categorysystemofconvenience shoppingandspecialtygoodsiswidelyemployedtoday.Thesystemisbasedon shoppersawarenessofalternativeproductsandtheircharacteristicspriorto theshoppingtripandthedegreeofsearchshopperswillundertake.Itis importanttorecognizethatplacingaproductintooneofthesecategories dependsontheshopper’sbehavior.??Conveniencegoodsarethose purchasedwithaminimumofeffortbecausethebuyerhasknowledgeofproduct characteristicspriortoshopping.Theconsumerdoesnotwanttosearchfor additionalinformationbecausetheitemhasbeenboughtbeforeandwillaccept asubstituteratherthanhavetofrequentmorethanonestore.? ?Conveniencegoodscanbesubdividedintostaplesimpulsegoodsand emergencygoods.Staplesarelow-priceditemsthatareroutinelypurchasedona regularbasissuchasdetergentmilkandcereal.Impulsegoodsareitemsthat theconsumerdoesnotplantobuyonaspecifictriptoastoresuchascandy amagazineandicecream.Emergencygoodsareitemspurchasedoutofurgent needsuchasanumbrelladuringarainstormatiretoreplaceaflator aspirinforaheadache.??Shoppinggoodsarethoseforwhich consumerslacksufficientinformationaboutproductalternativesandtheir attributesandthereforemustacquirefurtherknowledgeinordertomakea purchasedecision.Forattribute-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersgetinformation aboutandthenevaluateproductfeatureswarrantyperformanceoptionsand otherfactors.Thegoodwiththebestcombinationofattributesispurchased. SonyelectronicsandCalvinKleinclothesaremarketedasattribute-based shoppinggoods.Forprice-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersjudgeproduct attributestobesimilarandlookaroundfortheleastexpensiveitem/store. Consumerswillexerteffortinsearchingforinformationbecauseshoppinggoods areboughtinfrequently.Goldstarelectronicsandstore-brandclothesare marketedasprice-basedshoppinggoods.??Specialtygoodsare thosetowhichconsumersarebrandloyal.Theyarefullyawareoftheseproducts andtheirattributespriortomakingapurchasedecision.Theyarewillingto makeasignificantpurchaseefforttoacquirethebranddesiredandwillpaya higherpricethancompetitiveproductsifnecessary.Forspecialtygoods consumerswillnotmakepurchasesiftheirbrandisnotavailable.Substitutes arenotacceptable.Forprice-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersdonotcareabouttheirquality.
Intheeighteenthcenturythe{{U}}heading{{/U}}ofnaturalphilosophyencompassedallofthesciences.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????HowtoEducate Children{{/B}}??AsEleanorRooseveltoncesaidUniversalhuman rightsbegininsmallplacesclosetohome.AndToleranceorgaWebsite fromtheSouthernPovertyLawCenterishelpingparentsacrossthecountry createhomesinwhichtoleranceandunderstandingareguidingthemes.Thegoal ofnurturingopen-mindedempatheticchildrenisachallengingonesays JenniferHolladaydirectorofTolerance;org.Tocultivatetoleranceparents havetoinstillinchildrenasenseofempathyrespectandresponsibility—to oneselfandtoothers—aswellastherecognitionthateverypersononearthisa treasure.Holladayoffersseveralwaysparentscanpromotetolerance:? ?Talkabouttolerance.Toleranceeducationisanongoingprocess;itcannot becapturedinasinglemoment.Establishahighcomfortlevelforopendialogue aboutsocialissues.Letchildrenknowthatnosubjectistaboo.Identify intolerancewhenchildrenareexposedtoit.Pointoutstereotypesandcultural misinformationdepictedinmoviesTVshowscomputergamesandothermedia. Challengebiaswhenitcomesfromfriendsandfamilymembers.Donotletthe momentpass.Beginwithaqualifiedstatement:AndrewjustcalledpeopleofXYZ faith‘lunatics.’WhatdoyouthinkaboutthatZoe?Letchildrendomostof thetalking.Challengeintolerancewhenitcomesfromyourchildren.Whena childsaysordoessomethingthatreflectsbiasesorembracesstereotypes confrontthechild:WhatmakesthatjokefunnyJerome?Guidetheconversation towardinternalizationofempathyandrespect—Mimiusesawalkerhoney.Howdo youthinkshewouldfeelaboutthatjoke?orHowdidyoufeelwhenRobbiemade funofyourglasseslastWeek?Supportyourchildrenwhentheyarethevictims ofintolerance.Respectchildren’stroublesbyacknowledgingwhentheybecome targetsofbias.Don’tminimizetheexperience.Provideemotionalsupportand thenbrainstormconstructiveresponses.Forexampledevelopasetofcomebacks tousewhenchildrenarethevictimsofname-calling.Createopportunitiesfor childrentointeractwithpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthem.Lookcriticallyat howachilddefinesnormal.Expandthedefinition.Visitplaygroundswherea varietyofchildrenarepresent—peopleofdifferentracessocioeconomic backgroundsfamilystructuresetc.Encourageachildtospendtimewith elders—grandparentsforexample.Encouragechildrentocalluponcommunity resources.Achildwhoisconcernedaboutworldhungercanvolunteeratalocal soupkitchenorhomelessshelter.Theearlierchildreninteractwiththe communitythebetter.Thiswillhelpconveythelessonthatwearenotislands untoourselves.Modelthebehavioryouwouldliketosee.Asaparentandas yourchild’sprimaryrolemodelbeconsistentinhowyoutreatothers. RememberyoumaysayDoasIsaynotasIdobutactionsreallydospeak louderthanwords.TheexampleofaskingHowdidyoufeelwhenRobbiemadefunofyourglasseslastweek?istoillustratethatitisindispensableto______.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????HowtoEducate Children{{/B}}??AsEleanorRooseveltoncesaidUniversalhuman rightsbegininsmallplacesclosetohome.AndToleranceorgaWebsite fromtheSouthernPovertyLawCenterishelpingparentsacrossthecountry createhomesinwhichtoleranceandunderstandingareguidingthemes.Thegoal ofnurturingopen-mindedempatheticchildrenisachallengingonesays JenniferHolladaydirectorofTolerance;org.Tocultivatetoleranceparents havetoinstillinchildrenasenseofempathyrespectandresponsibility—to oneselfandtoothers—aswellastherecognitionthateverypersononearthisa treasure.Holladayoffersseveralwaysparentscanpromotetolerance:? ?Talkabouttolerance.Toleranceeducationisanongoingprocess;itcannot becapturedinasinglemoment.Establishahighcomfortlevelforopendialogue aboutsocialissues.Letchildrenknowthatnosubjectistaboo.Identify intolerancewhenchildrenareexposedtoit.Pointoutstereotypesandcultural misinformationdepictedinmoviesTVshowscomputergamesandothermedia. Challengebiaswhenitcomesfromfriendsandfamilymembers.Donotletthe momentpass.Beginwithaqualifiedstatement:AndrewjustcalledpeopleofXYZ faith‘lunatics.’WhatdoyouthinkaboutthatZoe?Letchildrendomostof thetalking.Challengeintolerancewhenitcomesfromyourchildren.Whena childsaysordoessomethingthatreflectsbiasesorembracesstereotypes confrontthechild:WhatmakesthatjokefunnyJerome?Guidetheconversation towardinternalizationofempathyandrespect—Mimiusesawalkerhoney.Howdo youthinkshewouldfeelaboutthatjoke?orHowdidyoufeelwhenRobbiemade funofyourglasseslastWeek?Supportyourchildrenwhentheyarethevictims ofintolerance.Respectchildren’stroublesbyacknowledgingwhentheybecome targetsofbias.Don’tminimizetheexperience.Provideemotionalsupportand thenbrainstormconstructiveresponses.Forexampledevelopasetofcomebacks tousewhenchildrenarethevictimsofname-calling.Createopportunitiesfor childrentointeractwithpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthem.Lookcriticallyat howachilddefinesnormal.Expandthedefinition.Visitplaygroundswherea varietyofchildrenarepresent—peopleofdifferentracessocioeconomic backgroundsfamilystructuresetc.Encourageachildtospendtimewith elders—grandparentsforexample.Encouragechildrentocalluponcommunity resources.Achildwhoisconcernedaboutworldhungercanvolunteeratalocal soupkitchenorhomelessshelter.Theearlierchildreninteractwiththe communitythebetter.Thiswillhelpconveythelessonthatwearenotislands untoourselves.Modelthebehavioryouwouldliketosee.Asaparentandas yourchild’sprimaryrolemodelbeconsistentinhowyoutreatothers. RememberyoumaysayDoasIsaynotasIdobutactionsreallydospeak louderthanwords.AccordingtoJenniferHolladaywhoarechildren’sprimaryrolemodels?______
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe______.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? {{B}}?????????? ??????????? GlobalWarming{{/B}}??1.Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobal warmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse 温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecover diminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthat couldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.? ?2.Thiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopin DahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobel prizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanof theUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3. IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeand otherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsare blockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物 emissions.Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingby perhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthe pastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4.Butthe Berlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhave reducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃. Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmost twodegreeswarmerthanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystem ismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.? ?5.Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop.TheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigure______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????ConsumerGoods{{/B}}??Consumerproducts aregoodsandservicesdestinedforthefinalconsumerforpersonalfamilyor householduse.??Consumergoodswerefirstclassifiedabout65 yearsagobyMelvinT.Copeland.Histhree-categorysystemofconvenience shoppingandspecialtygoodsiswidelyemployedtoday.Thesystemisbasedon shoppersawarenessofalternativeproductsandtheircharacteristicspriorto theshoppingtripandthedegreeofsearchshopperswillundertake.Itis importanttorecognizethatplacingaproductintooneofthesecategories dependsontheshopper’sbehavior.??Conveniencegoodsarethose purchasedwithaminimumofeffortbecausethebuyerhasknowledgeofproduct characteristicspriortoshopping.Theconsumerdoesnotwanttosearchfor additionalinformationbecausetheitemhasbeenboughtbeforeandwillaccept asubstituteratherthanhavetofrequentmorethanonestore.? ?Conveniencegoodscanbesubdividedintostaplesimpulsegoodsand emergencygoods.Staplesarelow-priceditemsthatareroutinelypurchasedona regularbasissuchasdetergentmilkandcereal.Impulsegoodsareitemsthat theconsumerdoesnotplantobuyonaspecifictriptoastoresuchascandy amagazineandicecream.Emergencygoodsareitemspurchasedoutofurgent needsuchasanumbrelladuringarainstormatiretoreplaceaflator aspirinforaheadache.??Shoppinggoodsarethoseforwhich consumerslacksufficientinformationaboutproductalternativesandtheir attributesandthereforemustacquirefurtherknowledgeinordertomakea purchasedecision.Forattribute-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersgetinformation aboutandthenevaluateproductfeatureswarrantyperformanceoptionsand otherfactors.Thegoodwiththebestcombinationofattributesispurchased. SonyelectronicsandCalvinKleinclothesaremarketedasattribute-based shoppinggoods.Forprice-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersjudgeproduct attributestobesimilarandlookaroundfortheleastexpensiveitem/store. Consumerswillexerteffortinsearchingforinformationbecauseshoppinggoods areboughtinfrequently.Goldstarelectronicsandstore-brandclothesare marketedasprice-basedshoppinggoods.??Specialtygoodsare thosetowhichconsumersarebrandloyal.Theyarefullyawareoftheseproducts andtheirattributespriortomakingapurchasedecision.Theyarewillingto makeasignificantpurchaseefforttoacquirethebranddesiredandwillpaya higherpricethancompetitiveproductsifnecessary.Forspecialtygoods consumerswillnotmakepurchasesiftheirbrandisnotavailable.Substitutes arenotacceptable.Beforemakingthefinaldecisionofwhetherornottobuyshoppinggoodsacustomerhastovisitvariousshopstogatherinformation.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? {{B}}?????????? ??????????? GlobalWarming{{/B}}??1.Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobal warmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse 温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecover diminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthat couldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.? ?2.Thiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopin DahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobel prizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanof theUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3. IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeand otherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsare blockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物 emissions.Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingby perhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthe pastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4.Butthe Berlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhave reducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃. Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmost twodegreeswarmerthanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystem ismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.? ?5.Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop.Paragraph4______
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Hack{{/B}}? ?Thefirstbig-namehackersincludeSteveWozniakBillGatesandLinus Torvaldsallnowhighlyrecognizablenamesbehindmanyofthecomputer technologiesusedtoday.Theseearlyhackershadaloveoftechnologyanda compellingneedtoknowhowitallworkedandtheirgoalwastopushprograms beyondwhattheyweredesignedtodo.Backthenthewordhackerdidn’thave thenegativeconnotationithastoday.Theoriginalhackerethicrootedoutof simplecuriosityandaneedtobechallengedappearstobedead.? ?Theobjectivesofearlyhackersareafarcryfromthegoalsoftoday’s hacker.Themotivationofthenewbreedofhackersappearsnottobecuriosity orahungerforknowledgeasitusedtobe.Insteadmostoftoday’shackers aredrivenbygreedpowerrevengeorsomeothermaliciousintenttreating hackingasagameorsportemployingthetoolsthatarereadilyavailablevia theInternet.??Therateofsecurityattacksisactuallyoutpacing thegrowthoftheInternet.Thismeansthatsomethingbesidesthegrowthofthe Internetisdrivingtheriseinsecurityattacks.Herearesomerealitiesyou shouldknowabout:Operatingsystemsandapplicationswillneverbesecure.New vulnerabilitieswillbeintroducedintoyourenvironmenteveryday.Andevenif youeverdogetoneoperatingsystemsecuretherewillbenewoperatingsystems withnewvulnerabilities—phoneswirelessdevicesandnetworkappliances. Employeeswillneverkeepupwithsecuritypolicesandawareness.Itdoesn’t matterbowmuchyoutrainandeducateyouremployees.Ifyouremployees disregardwarningsaboutthehazardsofopeningquestionablee-mailattachments bowareyougoingtoeducatethemaboutproperlyconfiguringfirewallsand intrusiondetectionsystemsfortheirPCs?Managershavemoreresponsibility thanever.Andontopoftherealitieslistedabovesecuritymanagersarebeing askedtosupportincreasingdegreesofnetworkavailabilityandaccess.There aresomegoodsecuritymeasuresyoucantake:Employalayer7full-inspection firewall.Automaticallyupdateyouranti-virusatthegatewayserverand client.Keepallofyoursystemsandapplicationsupdated.Hackerscommonly breakintoaWebsitethroughknownsecurityholessomakesureyourservers andapplicationsarepatchedanduptodate.Turnoffunnecessarynetwork services.Eliminateallunneededprograms.?Scannetworkforcommon backdoorservices—Useintrusiondetectionsystemsvulnerabilityscans anti-virusprotection.WhichofthefollowingstatementsofSteveWozniakBillGatesandLinusTorvaldsisTRUE?
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Thebestoliveoilisobtainedfromolivesthatare{{U}}harvested{{/U}}justaftertheyripenandbeforetheyturnblack.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Tocoolitselfarhinocerossoaksinmudorwaterbecauseitsthick{{U}}hide{{/U}}hasnosweatglands.
DuetothetiltofNeptune’saxistheSunheatstheplanet’snorthernandsouthern{{U}}hemispheres{{/U}}unequally.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? {{B}}?????????? ??????????? GlobalWarming{{/B}}??1.Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobal warmingprotectingtheplanetfromperhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse 温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegoodnewsbutexpertssaythatasthecover diminishesincomingdecadeswearefacingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthat couldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficialbestguesses.? ?2.Thiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopin DahlemBerlinwheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobel prizewinnerPaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanof theUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3. IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeand otherparticlesfromburningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsare blockingsunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物 emissions.Untilnowtheyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingby perhapsaquartercuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthe pastcenturywouldhavebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4.Butthe Berlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhave reducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃. Ifsothegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmost twodegreeswarmerthanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystem ismuchmoresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.? ?5.Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop.Paragraph2______
ThemembersofAaronBurr’sfamilywerenotedfortheirpassionateand{{U}}headstrong{{/U}}temperament.
Modernnursingpracticesnotonly{{U}}hasten{{/U}}therecoveryofthesickbutalsopromotebetterhealththroughpreventivemedicine.
SedimentaryrockscovermuchoftheEarth’ssurfacebuttheyareoften{{U}}hidden{{/U}}byathinveneerofsoil.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Hack{{/B}}? ?Thefirstbig-namehackersincludeSteveWozniakBillGatesandLinus Torvaldsallnowhighlyrecognizablenamesbehindmanyofthecomputer technologiesusedtoday.Theseearlyhackershadaloveoftechnologyanda compellingneedtoknowhowitallworkedandtheirgoalwastopushprograms beyondwhattheyweredesignedtodo.Backthenthewordhackerdidn’thave thenegativeconnotationithastoday.Theoriginalhackerethicrootedoutof simplecuriosityandaneedtobechallengedappearstobedead.? ?Theobjectivesofearlyhackersareafarcryfromthegoalsoftoday’s hacker.Themotivationofthenewbreedofhackersappearsnottobecuriosity orahungerforknowledgeasitusedtobe.Insteadmostoftoday’shackers aredrivenbygreedpowerrevengeorsomeothermaliciousintenttreating hackingasagameorsportemployingthetoolsthatarereadilyavailablevia theInternet.??Therateofsecurityattacksisactuallyoutpacing thegrowthoftheInternet.Thismeansthatsomethingbesidesthegrowthofthe Internetisdrivingtheriseinsecurityattacks.Herearesomerealitiesyou shouldknowabout:Operatingsystemsandapplicationswillneverbesecure.New vulnerabilitieswillbeintroducedintoyourenvironmenteveryday.Andevenif youeverdogetoneoperatingsystemsecuretherewillbenewoperatingsystems withnewvulnerabilities—phoneswirelessdevicesandnetworkappliances. Employeeswillneverkeepupwithsecuritypolicesandawareness.Itdoesn’t matterbowmuchyoutrainandeducateyouremployees.Ifyouremployees disregardwarningsaboutthehazardsofopeningquestionablee-mailattachments bowareyougoingtoeducatethemaboutproperlyconfiguringfirewallsand intrusiondetectionsystemsfortheirPCs?Managershavemoreresponsibility thanever.Andontopoftherealitieslistedabovesecuritymanagersarebeing askedtosupportincreasingdegreesofnetworkavailabilityandaccess.There aresomegoodsecuritymeasuresyoucantake:Employalayer7full-inspection firewall.Automaticallyupdateyouranti-virusatthegatewayserverand client.Keepallofyoursystemsandapplicationsupdated.Hackerscommonly breakintoaWebsitethroughknownsecurityholessomakesureyourservers andapplicationsarepatchedanduptodate.Turnoffunnecessarynetwork services.Eliminateallunneededprograms.?Scannetworkforcommon backdoorservices—Useintrusiondetectionsystemsvulnerabilityscans anti-virusprotection.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsecurityattacks?______
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????ConsumerGoods{{/B}}??Consumerproducts aregoodsandservicesdestinedforthefinalconsumerforpersonalfamilyor householduse.??Consumergoodswerefirstclassifiedabout65 yearsagobyMelvinT.Copeland.Histhree-categorysystemofconvenience shoppingandspecialtygoodsiswidelyemployedtoday.Thesystemisbasedon shoppersawarenessofalternativeproductsandtheircharacteristicspriorto theshoppingtripandthedegreeofsearchshopperswillundertake.Itis importanttorecognizethatplacingaproductintooneofthesecategories dependsontheshopper’sbehavior.??Conveniencegoodsarethose purchasedwithaminimumofeffortbecausethebuyerhasknowledgeofproduct characteristicspriortoshopping.Theconsumerdoesnotwanttosearchfor additionalinformationbecausetheitemhasbeenboughtbeforeandwillaccept asubstituteratherthanhavetofrequentmorethanonestore.? ?Conveniencegoodscanbesubdividedintostaplesimpulsegoodsand emergencygoods.Staplesarelow-priceditemsthatareroutinelypurchasedona regularbasissuchasdetergentmilkandcereal.Impulsegoodsareitemsthat theconsumerdoesnotplantobuyonaspecifictriptoastoresuchascandy amagazineandicecream.Emergencygoodsareitemspurchasedoutofurgent needsuchasanumbrelladuringarainstormatiretoreplaceaflator aspirinforaheadache.??Shoppinggoodsarethoseforwhich consumerslacksufficientinformationaboutproductalternativesandtheir attributesandthereforemustacquirefurtherknowledgeinordertomakea purchasedecision.Forattribute-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersgetinformation aboutandthenevaluateproductfeatureswarrantyperformanceoptionsand otherfactors.Thegoodwiththebestcombinationofattributesispurchased. SonyelectronicsandCalvinKleinclothesaremarketedasattribute-based shoppinggoods.Forprice-basedshoppinggoodsconsumersjudgeproduct attributestobesimilarandlookaroundfortheleastexpensiveitem/store. Consumerswillexerteffortinsearchingforinformationbecauseshoppinggoods areboughtinfrequently.Goldstarelectronicsandstore-brandclothesare marketedasprice-basedshoppinggoods.??Specialtygoodsare thosetowhichconsumersarebrandloyal.Theyarefullyawareoftheseproducts andtheirattributespriortomakingapurchasedecision.Theyarewillingto makeasignificantpurchaseefforttoacquirethebranddesiredandwillpaya higherpricethancompetitiveproductsifnecessary.Forspecialtygoods consumerswillnotmakepurchasesiftheirbrandisnotavailable.Substitutes arenotacceptable.Somegoodsareclassifiedasconveniencegoodsbecausetheycanbeboughtwithlittleefforts.
Ifroundwormsareremovedfromthesoilandplacedinaliquidtheythrash{{U}}helplessly{{/U}}around.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????HowtoEducate Children{{/B}}??AsEleanorRooseveltoncesaidUniversalhuman rightsbegininsmallplacesclosetohome.AndToleranceorgaWebsite fromtheSouthernPovertyLawCenterishelpingparentsacrossthecountry createhomesinwhichtoleranceandunderstandingareguidingthemes.Thegoal ofnurturingopen-mindedempatheticchildrenisachallengingonesays JenniferHolladaydirectorofTolerance;org.Tocultivatetoleranceparents havetoinstillinchildrenasenseofempathyrespectandresponsibility—to oneselfandtoothers—aswellastherecognitionthateverypersononearthisa treasure.Holladayoffersseveralwaysparentscanpromotetolerance:? ?Talkabouttolerance.Toleranceeducationisanongoingprocess;itcannot becapturedinasinglemoment.Establishahighcomfortlevelforopendialogue aboutsocialissues.Letchildrenknowthatnosubjectistaboo.Identify intolerancewhenchildrenareexposedtoit.Pointoutstereotypesandcultural misinformationdepictedinmoviesTVshowscomputergamesandothermedia. Challengebiaswhenitcomesfromfriendsandfamilymembers.Donotletthe momentpass.Beginwithaqualifiedstatement:AndrewjustcalledpeopleofXYZ faith‘lunatics.’WhatdoyouthinkaboutthatZoe?Letchildrendomostof thetalking.Challengeintolerancewhenitcomesfromyourchildren.Whena childsaysordoessomethingthatreflectsbiasesorembracesstereotypes confrontthechild:WhatmakesthatjokefunnyJerome?Guidetheconversation towardinternalizationofempathyandrespect—Mimiusesawalkerhoney.Howdo youthinkshewouldfeelaboutthatjoke?orHowdidyoufeelwhenRobbiemade funofyourglasseslastWeek?Supportyourchildrenwhentheyarethevictims ofintolerance.Respectchildren’stroublesbyacknowledgingwhentheybecome targetsofbias.Don’tminimizetheexperience.Provideemotionalsupportand thenbrainstormconstructiveresponses.Forexampledevelopasetofcomebacks tousewhenchildrenarethevictimsofname-calling.Createopportunitiesfor childrentointeractwithpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthem.Lookcriticallyat howachilddefinesnormal.Expandthedefinition.Visitplaygroundswherea varietyofchildrenarepresent—peopleofdifferentracessocioeconomic backgroundsfamilystructuresetc.Encourageachildtospendtimewith elders—grandparentsforexample.Encouragechildrentocalluponcommunity resources.Achildwhoisconcernedaboutworldhungercanvolunteeratalocal soupkitchenorhomelessshelter.Theearlierchildreninteractwiththe communitythebetter.Thiswillhelpconveythelessonthatwearenotislands untoourselves.Modelthebehavioryouwouldliketosee.Asaparentandas yourchild’sprimaryrolemodelbeconsistentinhowyoutreatothers. RememberyoumaysayDoasIsaynotasIdobutactionsreallydospeak louderthanwords.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutTolerance.org?______
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