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My husband and children feel very happy to live here. They can’t see that we live on a dirty stre...
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InspiteofallstoriesofprosperityintheUnitedStatesnotonlydoespovertyexisttherebutcrimesofvarioustypeshavebeenincreasingatalarmingrate.Mostactsofviolencewerecommittedbyyoungpeople.57%ofthecriminalsarrestedin1979wereyouthsbelow25ofage. Everyoneagreesthatcrimeispartyaresultofbadmaterialconditions:povertylackofeducationlivingwithoutasettledhomebeingparentlesssufferingsfromotherkingsofmisfortuneetc. Therearealsootherfactorsthanmaterialconditionswhichareresponsibleforthesharpincreaseofcrimerate.Inthefirstplacesomestatelawsprovideadeathpenaltybutsomeprotection.Itisthereforepossibleandeasyforanyoneinthecountrytogetagun. FinallytherehasbeentoomuchshownonTVandtoomuchreportedinnewspaperofallkindsofcrimes-thedetailsofwhicharesoaccuratelydescribedthatevenchildrenknowhowtoduplicatewhattheyhaveseenorread.Alltherehaveresultedinahighfrequencyofcrimescommittedbothbyprofessionalcriminalsandbynonprofessionalonesinmurderdrugsmugglingrobberyetc. Theunderlinedwordpenaltyisclosestinmeaningto
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 33
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 29
Manyanimalshaveanexcellentsenseofsmellwhichtheyuseinhunting.Ontheotherhandtheireyesightmaybepoor.Dogsforexamplehavepooreyesightandnocolorvision.Theyseeonlyshadesofgray.Butthedog’ssenseofsmellisextraordinary ThekindofdogknownasAlsatianhas220millionolfactory嗅觉cells.Manhasfivemillion.ScientistsbelievethattheAlsatianisonemilliontimesbetterthanmaninfindingoutodors. Thehumansenseofsmellhoweverisreallyquitegood.Theaveragehumanbeingcandistinguishmorethan10000differentodors. Generallyspeakingamancantelldifferentodors.
Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe"look-say"or"whole-word"methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively. Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningoflettersthinkingoverdecodingdevelopingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeserf-directed"learninghowtolearn"activitiesrecommendedbyadvocatesof"open"classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese"Run-Spot-Run"readers. Howeverin1955RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled"thegreatdebate"inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan’tReadFleschindicted控诉thenation’spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.Hesaid-andmerescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed-thatanotherapproachtobeginningreadingfoundedonphonics声学isfarsuperior. Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.RatherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwordsitimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep. Thephrasetouch-offPara3Line1mostprobablymeans
Manyanimalshaveanexcellentsenseofsmellwhichtheyuseinhunting.Ontheotherhandtheireyesightmaybepoor.Dogsforexamplehavepooreyesightandnocolorvision.Theyseeonlyshadesofgray.Butthedog’ssenseofsmellisextraordinary ThekindofdogknownasAlsatianhas220millionolfactory嗅觉cells.Manhasfivemillion.ScientistsbelievethattheAlsatianisonemilliontimesbetterthanmaninfindingoutodors. Thehumansenseofsmellhoweverisreallyquitegood.Theaveragehumanbeingcandistinguishmorethan10000differentodors. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingfactsisNOTtree
Youcantellageofatreebycountingitsrings.Buttheserecordsofatree’slifereallysayalotmore.Scientistsareusingtreeringstolearnwhat’sbeenhappeningonthesun’ssurfaceforthelasttenthousandyears.Eachringrepresentsayearofgrowth.Asthetreegrowsitaddsalayertoitstrunktakingupchemicalelementsfromtheair.Bylookingatelementsintheringsfromacertainyearscientistscanwhatelementswereintheairthatyear.Dr.Stevensonisanalyzingoneelementcarbon-14inringsfrombothlivinganddeadtrees.SomeringsgobackalmosttenthousandyearstotheendoftheIceAge.WhenStevensonfollowedthecarbon-14trackbackintimehefoundcarbon-14levelschangedwiththeintensityofsolarburing.Youseethesunhascycles.Sometimesitburnsfiercelyandatothertimesit’srelativelycalm.Duringthesun’sviolentperiodsitthrowsoffchargedformationofcarbon-14onearth.Whenthereismoresolarwindactivitylesscarbon-14isproduced.Tenthousandyearsoftreeringsshowthatthecarbon-14levelrisesandfallsaboutevery420years.Thescientistsconcludedthatsolarwindactivitymustfollowthesamecycle. Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutsolarwindactivity
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 35
EveryyeargraywhalesmigratefromtheBeringSeainAlaskatotheBajaPeninsulainMexico. ElevengraywhaleshavediedintheSanFranciscoBayinthelastthreeweeks.Nooneknowswhythewhalesaredying. Lastyear270whalesdiedalongthewhales’migrationroute.Manypeoplethinkstarvationisthecause.Thisyearthedeadwhalesseemtohavemoreblubberfatonthem. Twentyyearsagothegraywhalewaslistedasanendangeredspecies. Somescientiststhinkthatthelargernumberofwhalesmakesithardtofindenoughfood.MorewhalescreatemorepressureonthefoodsupplyasupplythatsomescientistssaymayhavedwindledasaresultofthewarmwatersofElNino. Mostofthewhaleshavebeendeadformanydaysbeforetheyarefoundandstudied.Thismakesithardtofindthereasonfordeath. 65whaleshavebeenseenintheSanFranciscoBayAreathisyearcomparedto17lastyear.Thewhalescouldbedyingfrommanydiseasesbutitmaybeover-population. Whymighttheincreasingnumberofwhalescauseproblemswiththeirhealth
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 31
A.I’mdoinggreat. B.yes.I’mprettybusylately. C.It’sstillearly. D.Theyarefinethankyou. E.Ithinkso.F.Mypleasure. G.Sheismad.H.Youdidn’thavetodoit. Amy:HowaboutyourstudiesRonald:
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 23
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 37
A.month B.moment C.money D.among
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 21
Youcantellageofatreebycountingitsrings.Buttheserecordsofatree’slifereallysayalotmore.Scientistsareusingtreeringstolearnwhat’sbeenhappeningonthesun’ssurfaceforthelasttenthousandyears.Eachringrepresentsayearofgrowth.Asthetreegrowsitaddsalayertoitstrunktakingupchemicalelementsfromtheair.Bylookingatelementsintheringsfromacertainyearscientistscanwhatelementswereintheairthatyear.Dr.Stevensonisanalyzingoneelementcarbon-14inringsfrombothlivinganddeadtrees.SomeringsgobackalmosttenthousandyearstotheendoftheIceAge.WhenStevensonfollowedthecarbon-14trackbackintimehefoundcarbon-14levelschangedwiththeintensityofsolarburing.Youseethesunhascycles.Sometimesitburnsfiercelyandatothertimesit’srelativelycalm.Duringthesun’sviolentperiodsitthrowsoffchargedformationofcarbon-14onearth.Whenthereismoresolarwindactivitylesscarbon-14isproduced.Tenthousandyearsoftreeringsshowthatthecarbon-14levelrisesandfallsaboutevery420years.Thescientistsconcludedthatsolarwindactivitymustfollowthesamecycle. Whenthesunburnsfiercelycarbon-14isproduced.
Pubhoursshake-uprevealednextweek ByJamesHardyPoliticalEditor PUBSandclubswillbeallowedtostayopenround-the-clockunderaplannedradicalchangeofBritain’soutdatedlicensing许可证发放laws. PrimeMinisterTonyBlairyesterdayrevealedaBill议案tobringinthelong-awaitedimprovementwillbecontainedintheQueen’sSpeechnextweek.Somepublicbarsandclubscouldbeopenallhourswhileotherscouldchoosedifferentclosingtimesintotheearlyhours. Policeforcesaroundthecountryhavesaiddifferentclosingtimeswillmeantheexplosioninviolenceandvandalism破坏行为after11p.m.-whenaggressivedrunksaresentoutatthesametime. ThemovewillbeopposedbysomeMPs下院议员whofearitwillleadtoincreasedalcoholismdrunkenbehaviorandcrime.Butministerssaytherewillbecontrolsonwhichpubsandclubsareallowedtoopen24hoursaday. Placeswhichconsistentlyattractviolentdrunksandtroublemakerswillbeturneddown. Mr.Blairsaid:"Webelievethereshouldbegreaterflexibilityinlicensing.Intheendtheevidencethatwehaveisthatitmayhelpinthefightagainstanti-socialbehavior.Atthemomenttheveryfixednatureofthehourssometimesmeansthatyougetparticularproblemsoutsidepubsandcitycentersatparticularhoursoftheevening." Thebigchangewillbeaccompaniedbyastrictactiononpettycriminalswhocausemiserytourbanandruralcommunities. InabidtopreventcriticismofthelicensingimprovementtheGovernmentistoextendon-the-spotfinestoarangeofoffencesfromvandalism. ThePMsaidyesterdaypettycrimewasthesinglebiggestcauseofdailyaggressivebehaviorformillions. Underlinedwordspettycrimeinthelastparagraphmeans
EveryyeargraywhalesmigratefromtheBeringSeainAlaskatotheBajaPeninsulainMexico. ElevengraywhaleshavediedintheSanFranciscoBayinthelastthreeweeks.Nooneknowswhythewhalesaredying. Lastyear270whalesdiedalongthewhales’migrationroute.Manypeoplethinkstarvationisthecause.Thisyearthedeadwhalesseemtohavemoreblubberfatonthem. Twentyyearsagothegraywhalewaslistedasanendangeredspecies. Somescientiststhinkthatthelargernumberofwhalesmakesithardtofindenoughfood.MorewhalescreatemorepressureonthefoodsupplyasupplythatsomescientistssaymayhavedwindledasaresultofthewarmwatersofElNino. Mostofthewhaleshavebeendeadformanydaysbeforetheyarefoundandstudied.Thismakesithardtofindthereasonfordeath. 65whaleshavebeenseenintheSanFranciscoBayAreathisyearcomparedto17lastyear.Thewhalescouldbedyingfrommanydiseasesbutitmaybeover-population. AbouthowmanymorewhaleshavebeensightedintheSanFranciscoBaythisyearcomparedtolastyear
A.pollution B.position C.question D.invention
Thetraditionalapproachwithcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmallermoreeasilymanagedproblems.
InspiteofallstoriesofprosperityintheUnitedStatesnotonlydoespovertyexisttherebutcrimesofvarioustypeshavebeenincreasingatalarmingrate.Mostactsofviolencewerecommittedbyyoungpeople.57%ofthecriminalsarrestedin1979wereyouthsbelow25ofage. Everyoneagreesthatcrimeispartyaresultofbadmaterialconditions:povertylackofeducationlivingwithoutasettledhomebeingparentlesssufferingsfromotherkingsofmisfortuneetc. Therearealsootherfactorsthanmaterialconditionswhichareresponsibleforthesharpincreaseofcrimerate.Inthefirstplacesomestatelawsprovideadeathpenaltybutsomeprotection.Itisthereforepossibleandeasyforanyoneinthecountrytogetagun. FinallytherehasbeentoomuchshownonTVandtoomuchreportedinnewspaperofallkindsofcrimes-thedetailsofwhicharesoaccuratelydescribedthatevenchildrenknowhowtoduplicatewhattheyhaveseenorread.Alltherehaveresultedinahighfrequencyofcrimescommittedbothbyprofessionalcriminalsandbynonprofessionalonesinmurderdrugsmugglingrobberyetc. Theauthorintendstotellthereadersthat
A.I’mdoinggreat. B.yes.I’mprettybusylately. C.It’sstillearly. D.Theyarefinethankyou. E.Ithinkso.F.Mypleasure. G.Sheismad.H.Youdidn’thavetodoit. Peter:Thankyouforallyou’vedoneforme.Andrew:
InspiteofallstoriesofprosperityintheUnitedStatesnotonlydoespovertyexisttherebutcrimesofvarioustypeshavebeenincreasingatalarmingrate.Mostactsofviolencewerecommittedbyyoungpeople.57%ofthecriminalsarrestedin1979wereyouthsbelow25ofage. Everyoneagreesthatcrimeispartyaresultofbadmaterialconditions:povertylackofeducationlivingwithoutasettledhomebeingparentlesssufferingsfromotherkingsofmisfortuneetc. Therearealsootherfactorsthanmaterialconditionswhichareresponsibleforthesharpincreaseofcrimerate.Inthefirstplacesomestatelawsprovideadeathpenaltybutsomeprotection.Itisthereforepossibleandeasyforanyoneinthecountrytogetagun. FinallytherehasbeentoomuchshownonTVandtoomuchreportedinnewspaperofallkindsofcrimes-thedetailsofwhicharesoaccuratelydescribedthatevenchildrenknowhowtoduplicatewhattheyhaveseenorread.Alltherehaveresultedinahighfrequencyofcrimescommittedbothbyprofessionalcriminalsandbynonprofessionalonesinmurderdrugsmugglingrobberyetc. Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothetext
Pubhoursshake-uprevealednextweek ByJamesHardyPoliticalEditor PUBSandclubswillbeallowedtostayopenround-the-clockunderaplannedradicalchangeofBritain’soutdatedlicensing许可证发放laws. PrimeMinisterTonyBlairyesterdayrevealedaBill议案tobringinthelong-awaitedimprovementwillbecontainedintheQueen’sSpeechnextweek.Somepublicbarsandclubscouldbeopenallhourswhileotherscouldchoosedifferentclosingtimesintotheearlyhours. Policeforcesaroundthecountryhavesaiddifferentclosingtimeswillmeantheexplosioninviolenceandvandalism破坏行为after11p.m.-whenaggressivedrunksaresentoutatthesametime. ThemovewillbeopposedbysomeMPs下院议员whofearitwillleadtoincreasedalcoholismdrunkenbehaviorandcrime.Butministerssaytherewillbecontrolsonwhichpubsandclubsareallowedtoopen24hoursaday. Placeswhichconsistentlyattractviolentdrunksandtroublemakerswillbeturneddown. Mr.Blairsaid:"Webelievethereshouldbegreaterflexibilityinlicensing.Intheendtheevidencethatwehaveisthatitmayhelpinthefightagainstanti-socialbehavior.Atthemomenttheveryfixednatureofthehourssometimesmeansthatyougetparticularproblemsoutsidepubsandcitycentersatparticularhoursoftheevening." Thebigchangewillbeaccompaniedbyastrictactiononpettycriminalswhocausemiserytourbanandruralcommunities. InabidtopreventcriticismofthelicensingimprovementtheGovernmentistoextendon-the-spotfinestoarangeofoffencesfromvandalism. ThePMsaidyesterdaypettycrimewasthesinglebiggestcauseofdailyaggressivebehaviorformillions. Somepeoplesaythatwhenthislawispassed
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 25
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 39
Thewateratthebathingbeachbecamebyrefusefromthefactory.
Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe"look-say"or"whole-word"methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively. Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningoflettersthinkingoverdecodingdevelopingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeserf-directed"learninghowtolearn"activitiesrecommendedbyadvocatesof"open"classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese"Run-Spot-Run"readers. Howeverin1955RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled"thegreatdebate"inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan’tReadFleschindicted控诉thenation’spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.Hesaid-andmerescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed-thatanotherapproachtobeginningreadingfoundedonphonics声学isfarsuperior. Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.RatherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwordsitimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep. Theauthorindictsthelook-sayreadingapproachbecause
Happinessis21everyonelooksfor.Maybesomeonesaysthatheis22.Howeverwhatmakeshimhappymaynot23forOthers.Andevenworsesomeonemayspendallhis24lookingforhappinessbutinvain徒然. InthepastItriedmybestto25myselfhappy.IthoughtifIcouldfreelygetanddowhatIwantedtoI26behappy.CertainlyitwaspossiblebutIwas27ThoughIcouldbehappyattimesIcouldn’tkeepmyhappinessforalongtime.WhyOnedaywhenItoldafriendofminewhatI28abouthappinesshesmiledandsaidonlyafewwords"Happinessisnotasinglethingbutaby-product副产品."Iwassurprisedbuthewasreally29 Someonethinksmoneycan30everythingbutwhenhebecomesamillionaireafterhisworkperhapshe31findthathehasnew32.Andhehastogotochurchfor 33.Sometimeslovecanbringhappiness34atothertimesit35misunderstandingtirednessandevenquarrelling.Happinessisonlyaby-productofall36ofthingsyoulovetodo.Youcannotgraspitina37way.Thatisitisnotathingexistinginmaterialformbutinyoursenses.Youshouldtellyourself"Idonot38whetherI’mhappyornot.ButImustlovemylife."Andonedayyouwillsuddenlyfindhappiness39hasquietly40. 27
IfThereWereNoElectricity1．电是人类现代化生活的基础2．假如有一天没有了电3．我们应该如何节电
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