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{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}PrinciplesofGoverning Persuasion{{/B}}??Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingsdone throughothersthenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Many executiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgraspavailableonlyto thecharismatic有魅力的andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecadesthough experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto concedecomplyorchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedby severalprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.??Thefirst principleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilarto themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagersthenaskpeerstohelpmaketheir cases.Secondpeoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonly likethembutwholikethemaswell.Soit’sworththetimetounc9verreal similaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.??Thirdexperiments confirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreat them.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourthindividuals aremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessage formanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifthstudiesshowthat peoplereallydodeferto服从experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexert influenceexecutivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnot assumethatit’sself-evident.Finallypeoplewantmoreofacommoditywhen it’sscarce;itfollowsthenthatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasive thanwidelyavailabledata.Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/B}}? ?Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfewor forboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewords usedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??Atasciencemuseumin OntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricity passesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.Atthe ModernMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholm Opera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiences particularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthe population.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreand moremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycan somehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsfor exampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlisten operateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.He canhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecan experimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlyto providefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.The theoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitand thosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnow provideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontothe usualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadof beingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.? ?Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime. Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoung peoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthan theirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontent tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycan’participatein.The sameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlywere toopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow becomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroups likeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheir parentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhave beeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandother times.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexisting museumsandmencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone therearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25 yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenly dividedbetweentheartsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitorsaccordingtothe AmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700milliona year.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsare creatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeor veryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirst timeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesare generallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildingandits highlytrainedstaff.paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}Obesity肥胖:thescourge祸害oftheWesternWorld{{/B}}? ?Obesityisrapidlybecominganewscourgeofthewesternworlddelegates agreedatthe11thEuropeanConferenceontheissueinViennaWednesdayto Saturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningoftheconference—of 2000specialistsfrommorethan50countries—1.2billionpeopleworldwideare overweightand250millionareobese.??ProfessorBernhardLudvik ofViennaGeneralHospitalsaid:Obesityisachronicillness.InGermany20 percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffectedbutinJapanonlyonepercent. Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferersthankstothenewscientific discoveriesandmedication.??ProfessorFriedrichHopichlerof Salzbergsaid:Wearelivinginthenewagebutwiththemetabolismofa stone-ageman.IhavejustbeentotheUnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.A pizzashopisspringinguponeverycomer.Wehavebeenoverrunbyfastfoodand Coca-Cola-ization.??Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesity wasapotentialkiller.HopichlersaidEightypercentofalldiabeticsare obesealsofiftypercentofallpatientswithhighbloodpressureandfifty percentwithadiposetissuecomplaints.Tenpercentmoreweightmeans thirteenpercentmoreriskofheartdisease.Reducingone’sweightbytenper centleadstothirteenpercentlowerbloodpressure.??Another expertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshouldimprovetheir financingofpreventiveprograms.Thoughthehealthinsurancepaysforsurgery suchasreducingthesizeofthestomachwhenthebody-massindexismorethan 40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsforaheightof1.70meters. Oneshouldstartearlier.??Ludviksaidthatpreventionshould begininschool.Childobesityfatdepositscorrelateswiththetimewhich childrenspendinfrontofTVsets.??Theconsequenceswereonly apparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenpercentofobesepeoplelivedtothe averagelifeexpectancyfortheirpopulationgroup.??scourgen. 天灾祸害??obesityn.肥胖症??overrunvt.侵扰蹂躏? ?obeseadj.肥胖的??diabeticn.糖尿病患者adj.糖尿病的? ?medicationn.药物疗法??adiposeadj.脂肪的肥胖的? ?metabolismn.新陈代谢FromthelastparagraphwemayinferthatoneoftheeffectivemeasuressuggestedbyLudniktopreventchildrenfrombeingobesewouldbe______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}Obesity肥胖:thescourge祸害oftheWesternWorld{{/B}}? ?Obesityisrapidlybecominganewscourgeofthewesternworlddelegates agreedatthe11thEuropeanConferenceontheissueinViennaWednesdayto Saturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningoftheconference—of 2000specialistsfrommorethan50countries—1.2billionpeopleworldwideare overweightand250millionareobese.??ProfessorBernhardLudvik ofViennaGeneralHospitalsaid:Obesityisachronicillness.InGermany20 percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffectedbutinJapanonlyonepercent. Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferersthankstothenewscientific discoveriesandmedication.??ProfessorFriedrichHopichlerof Salzbergsaid:Wearelivinginthenewagebutwiththemetabolismofa stone-ageman.IhavejustbeentotheUnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.A pizzashopisspringinguponeverycomer.Wehavebeenoverrunbyfastfoodand Coca-Cola-ization.??Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesity wasapotentialkiller.HopichlersaidEightypercentofalldiabeticsare obesealsofiftypercentofallpatientswithhighbloodpressureandfifty percentwithadiposetissuecomplaints.Tenpercentmoreweightmeans thirteenpercentmoreriskofheartdisease.Reducingone’sweightbytenper centleadstothirteenpercentlowerbloodpressure.??Another expertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshouldimprovetheir financingofpreventiveprograms.Thoughthehealthinsurancepaysforsurgery suchasreducingthesizeofthestomachwhenthebody-massindexismorethan 40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsforaheightof1.70meters. Oneshouldstartearlier.??Ludviksaidthatpreventionshould begininschool.Childobesityfatdepositscorrelateswiththetimewhich childrenspendinfrontofTVsets.??Theconsequenceswereonly apparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenpercentofobesepeoplelivedtothe averagelifeexpectancyfortheirpopulationgroup.??scourgen. 天灾祸害??obesityn.肥胖症??overrunvt.侵扰蹂躏? ?obeseadj.肥胖的??diabeticn.糖尿病患者adj.糖尿病的? ?medicationn.药物疗法??adiposeadj.脂肪的肥胖的? ?metabolismn.新陈代谢Itisestimatedthatthereare______peoplesufferingfromobesityintheworld.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}PrinciplesofGoverning Persuasion{{/B}}??Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingsdone throughothersthenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Many executiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgraspavailableonlyto thecharismatic有魅力的andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecadesthough experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto concedecomplyorchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedby severalprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.??Thefirst principleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilarto themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagersthenaskpeerstohelpmaketheir cases.Secondpeoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonly likethembutwholikethemaswell.Soit’sworththetimetounc9verreal similaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.??Thirdexperiments confirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreat them.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourthindividuals aremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessage formanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifthstudiesshowthat peoplereallydodeferto服从experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexert influenceexecutivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnot assumethatit’sself-evident.Finallypeoplewantmoreofacommoditywhen it’sscarce;itfollowsthenthatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasive thanwidelyavailabledata.Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.
Thenewtypeofcarisfairlyeconomicaloffuel.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ??????{{B}}Broken:DreamsofRural Peace{{/B}}??ItwasduskinTubneydeepinruralOxfordshire.The birdsweresingingattheendofanotherperfectday.Thewomanlivingatthe edgeoftheforestcouldstanditnolonger.Shephonedthelocalnoise pollutionofficer.??It’srooks秃鼻乌鸦shesaid.Ican’tbear thatawfulcawing呱呱地叫noise.Canyoudosomethingaboutit?? ?Thecallwasnosurprisetoofficialsatthevaleofwhitehorsedistrict council.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}.Thecountrysideaseverycountry-dweller knowscanbeahellishly可怕地noisyplace.??LastweekDavid SteadawestYorkshirefarmerappearedincourtinWakefieldaccusedof allowinghiscockstobreaknoiseregulationsbycrowing打鸣atdawnwakinga neighbor.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}SixmothsagoCorkyafour-year-oldcockwas bannedfromcrowingaftercomplaintsintheDevonvillageofStoke.? ?Complaintsaboutnoisereasonableornot—areatrecordlevelsincountry areas.Environmentalhealthofficerssaythisispartlybecauseofanincrease innoisyactivity.Howeverasignificantnumberofcomplaintscomefrom newcomerstothecountryside.??Therearemanyofficersofrural noise.{{U}}?3?{{/U}}.Mechanizedgraindryersusuallyswitchedonfor threeweeksinSeptembercanproduceamaddeninglow-frequencyhum.Mike Robertschiefenvironmentalhealthofficeratvaleofwhitehorsesaidnoise oftensoundedworseinthecountrysidethanincities.Withlessbackground soundunwelcomenoisescanseemlouderandtravelfaster.??The oddestcomplaintshoweveraretheonescouncilofficialscandonothingabout. Valeofwhitehorseofficialshavebeenaskedtosilencenotonlynestingrooks. Pigeonsandpheasants雏鸡havealsocausedconcern.InKentcouncilofficials havebeenaskedtosilencebabylambs.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}.Anotherinsisted hecouldhearanalienspaceshiplandingoverthegardenfence.? ?Wegetregularcomplaints.Theyusuallycomefromretiredpeoplewhohave justmovedintothecountry.Wesendthemapoliteletter.??And theladywhocomplainedabouttherooks?Shewaspolitelytoldshewouldhaveto putupwithit.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}.saidMr.Roberts.Intheendshe acceptedtherewasnothingmuchshecoulddo—exceptmoveout.Itisnot recordedwhowontheladyortherooks.??A.Mr.Steadsaidthey wereonlydoingwhatcomesnaturally.??B.Weaskedherwhatwe weresupposedtodoshootthebirdsorchopthetressdown??? C.Theyhaveheardeverykindofcomplaint.??D.Onemanrangto sayhewaskeptawakebythesplashingofafountaininthegardennext door.??E.Thecouncilwillaskthefarmertomoveit.? ?F.Farmmachineryisacommoncause.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}Obesity肥胖:thescourge祸害oftheWesternWorld{{/B}}? ?Obesityisrapidlybecominganewscourgeofthewesternworlddelegates agreedatthe11thEuropeanConferenceontheissueinViennaWednesdayto Saturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningoftheconference—of 2000specialistsfrommorethan50countries—1.2billionpeopleworldwideare overweightand250millionareobese.??ProfessorBernhardLudvik ofViennaGeneralHospitalsaid:Obesityisachronicillness.InGermany20 percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffectedbutinJapanonlyonepercent. Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferersthankstothenewscientific discoveriesandmedication.??ProfessorFriedrichHopichlerof Salzbergsaid:Wearelivinginthenewagebutwiththemetabolismofa stone-ageman.IhavejustbeentotheUnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.A pizzashopisspringinguponeverycomer.Wehavebeenoverrunbyfastfoodand Coca-Cola-ization.??Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesity wasapotentialkiller.HopichlersaidEightypercentofalldiabeticsare obesealsofiftypercentofallpatientswithhighbloodpressureandfifty percentwithadiposetissuecomplaints.Tenpercentmoreweightmeans thirteenpercentmoreriskofheartdisease.Reducingone’sweightbytenper centleadstothirteenpercentlowerbloodpressure.??Another expertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshouldimprovetheir financingofpreventiveprograms.Thoughthehealthinsurancepaysforsurgery suchasreducingthesizeofthestomachwhenthebody-massindexismorethan 40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsforaheightof1.70meters. Oneshouldstartearlier.??Ludviksaidthatpreventionshould begininschool.Childobesityfatdepositscorrelateswiththetimewhich childrenspendinfrontofTVsets.??Theconsequenceswereonly apparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenpercentofobesepeoplelivedtothe averagelifeexpectancyfortheirpopulationgroup.??scourgen. 天灾祸害??obesityn.肥胖症??overrunvt.侵扰蹂躏? ?obeseadj.肥胖的??diabeticn.糖尿病患者adj.糖尿病的? ?medicationn.药物疗法??adiposeadj.脂肪的肥胖的? ?metabolismn.新陈代谢Whichofthefollowingismostoftenaccompaniedbyobesity?
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/B}}? ?Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfewor forboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewords usedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??Atasciencemuseumin OntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricity passesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.Atthe ModernMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholm Opera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiences particularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthe population.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreand moremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycan somehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsfor exampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlisten operateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.He canhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecan experimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlyto providefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.The theoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitand thosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnow provideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontothe usualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadof beingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.? ?Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime. Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoung peoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthan theirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontent tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycan’participatein.The sameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlywere toopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow becomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroups likeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheir parentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhave beeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandother times.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexisting museumsandmencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone therearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25 yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenly dividedbetweentheartsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitorsaccordingtothe AmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700milliona year.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsare creatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeor veryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirst timeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesare generallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildingandits highlytrainedstaff.Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfewbut______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ???{{B}}CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerrorist Attack?{{/B}}??Intheaftermathoftheterroristattackonthe WorldTradeCenterstructuralengineersaretryinghardtosolveaquestion thatamonthagowouldhavebeencompletelyunthinkable:Canbuildingbe designedtowithstandcatastrophicblastsinflictedbyterrorists?? ?Tendaysaftertheterroristattacksonthetwintowersstructural engineersfromtheUniversityatBuffaloandtheMultidisciplinaryCenterfor EarthquakeEngineeringResearchMCEERheadquarteredatUBtraveledtoground zeroaspartofaprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Visiting thesiteaspartofanMCEERreconnaissancevisit.Theyspenttwodaysbeginning thetaskofformulatingideasabouthowtodesignsuchstructuresandtosearch forcluesonhowtodosoinbuildingsthatweredamagedbutstillare standing.??Ourobjectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoand lookatthebuildingssurroundingtheWorldTradeCenterthosebuildingsthat arestillstandingbutthatsustaineddamagesaidM.Bruneau.Ph.D.Our immediatehopeisthatwecandevelopabetterunderstandingastowhythose buildingsremainstandingwhileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquake engineeringtechnologiescanbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieve enhancedperformanceofbuildingsintheeventofterroristattackshe added.??Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstratein startlingdetailthemonumentaldamageinflictedontheWorkdTradeCenter towersandbuildingsinthevicinity.Onebuildingablockawayfromthetowers remainsstandingbutwasbadlydamaged.Thisbuildingismanymetersawayfrom theWorldTradeCenterandyetweseeacolumntherethatusedtobepartof thatbuildingexplainedA.Whittaker.Ph.D.Thecolumnbecameamissilethat shotacrosstheroadthroughthewindowandthroughthefloor.? ?Thevisittotheareaalsorevealedsomesurprisesaccordingtothe engineers.Forexamplethefloorflamingsysteminoneoftheadjacent buildingswasquiteruggedallowingfloorsthatwerepiercedbytonsoffairing debristoremainintact.Highlyredundantductileframingsystemsmayprovidea simplebutrobuststrategyforblastresistanceheadded.Otherstrategies mayincludeprovidingalternatepathsforgravityloadsintheeventthata load-beatingcolumnfails.Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingofthemechanism ofcollapse.saidA.Whitaker.Weneedtofindoutwhatcausesabuildingto collapseandhowyoucanpredictit.??A.ReinhornPh.D.noted thatearthquakeshakinghasledtothecollapseofmanybuildingsinthepast. Itinducesdynamicresponseandextremelyhighstressesanddeformationsin structuralcomponents.Solutionsdevelopedforearthquakeresistantdesignmay bedirectlyapplicabletoblastengineeringandterroristresistantdesign.Part ofourmissionnowatUBistotransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewones wherenoneexistatpresent.??aftermathn.后果结? ?inthevicinity附近??debrisn.碎片? ?reconnaissancen.勘察??ductileadj. 可伸展的易变形的TheprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/B}}? ?Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfewor forboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewords usedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??Atasciencemuseumin OntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricity passesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.Atthe ModernMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholm Opera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiences particularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthe population.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreand moremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycan somehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsfor exampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlisten operateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.He canhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecan experimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlyto providefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.The theoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitand thosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnow provideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontothe usualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadof beingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.? ?Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime. Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoung peoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthan theirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontent tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycan’participatein.The sameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlywere toopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow becomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroups likeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheir parentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhave beeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandother times.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexisting museumsandmencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone therearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25 yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenly dividedbetweentheartsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitorsaccordingtothe AmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700milliona year.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsare creatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeor veryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirst timeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesare generallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildingandits highlytrainedstaff.Tomeettheneedsofsocietymoremuseums______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?????????? {{B}}Knitting{{/B}}??Mymotherknewhowtoknitbutshenevertaught me.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasno longeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationof feminismconsumerismandhouseholdgadgetrymademanywomenfeelthatsuch homelyaccomplishmentswerenowobsolete.Mygrandmotherstillknittedthough andeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformymotherandme~ofredwool. Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskateswhenitwasreallyimportantto havewarmfeet.??Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobe productive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo. Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouare creatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjust sitingisnolongertimewasted.??Ilovebreathinglifeintothe patterns.It’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththe perfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownknittingworstedmy grandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’seyestakingiton thebrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingfeverishlytogetitdoneby Christmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleeves andweaveintheends.??Knittinghastaughtmepatience.Iknow thatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthsthereWillbearewardand takeoutthestitchesbetweenandstartoveragain.??Peopleoften askifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.Inthe firstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.But moreimportantthisisanactivity1keepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.I knittorecovermychildrenandotherpeopleIliveinwarmthandcolor.Iknit togivethemearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy.??Knittinggives mylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteabout NorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbut onthetimetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittle rebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwho haveknittedforlove.Knittingisanervoushabitmeans______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?????????? {{B}}Knitting{{/B}}??Mymotherknewhowtoknitbutshenevertaught me.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasno longeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationof feminismconsumerismandhouseholdgadgetrymademanywomenfeelthatsuch homelyaccomplishmentswerenowobsolete.Mygrandmotherstillknittedthough andeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformymotherandme~ofredwool. Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskateswhenitwasreallyimportantto havewarmfeet.??Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobe productive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo. Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouare creatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjust sitingisnolongertimewasted.??Ilovebreathinglifeintothe patterns.It’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththe perfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownknittingworstedmy grandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’seyestakingiton thebrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingfeverishlytogetitdoneby Christmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleeves andweaveintheends.??Knittinghastaughtmepatience.Iknow thatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthsthereWillbearewardand takeoutthestitchesbetweenandstartoveragain.??Peopleoften askifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.Inthe firstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.But moreimportantthisisanactivity1keepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.I knittorecovermychildrenandotherpeopleIliveinwarmthandcolor.Iknit togivethemearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy.??Knittinggives mylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteabout NorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbut onthetimetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittle rebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwho haveknittedforlove.Whatisnotherpurposeforknittingaccordingtothispassage?
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ???{{B}}CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerrorist Attack?{{/B}}??Intheaftermathoftheterroristattackonthe WorldTradeCenterstructuralengineersaretryinghardtosolveaquestion thatamonthagowouldhavebeencompletelyunthinkable:Canbuildingbe designedtowithstandcatastrophicblastsinflictedbyterrorists?? ?Tendaysaftertheterroristattacksonthetwintowersstructural engineersfromtheUniversityatBuffaloandtheMultidisciplinaryCenterfor EarthquakeEngineeringResearchMCEERheadquarteredatUBtraveledtoground zeroaspartofaprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation.Visiting thesiteaspartofanMCEERreconnaissancevisit.Theyspenttwodaysbeginning thetaskofformulatingideasabouthowtodesignsuchstructuresandtosearch forcluesonhowtodosoinbuildingsthatweredamagedbutstillare standing.??Ourobjectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoand lookatthebuildingssurroundingtheWorldTradeCenterthosebuildingsthat arestillstandingbutthatsustaineddamagesaidM.Bruneau.Ph.D.Our immediatehopeisthatwecandevelopabetterunderstandingastowhythose buildingsremainstandingwhileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquake engineeringtechnologiescanbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieve enhancedperformanceofbuildingsintheeventofterroristattackshe added.??Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstratein startlingdetailthemonumentaldamageinflictedontheWorkdTradeCenter towersandbuildingsinthevicinity.Onebuildingablockawayfromthetowers remainsstandingbutwasbadlydamaged.Thisbuildingismanymetersawayfrom theWorldTradeCenterandyetweseeacolumntherethatusedtobepartof thatbuildingexplainedA.Whittaker.Ph.D.Thecolumnbecameamissilethat shotacrosstheroadthroughthewindowandthroughthefloor.? ?Thevisittotheareaalsorevealedsomesurprisesaccordingtothe engineers.Forexamplethefloorflamingsysteminoneoftheadjacent buildingswasquiteruggedallowingfloorsthatwerepiercedbytonsoffairing debristoremainintact.Highlyredundantductileframingsystemsmayprovidea simplebutrobuststrategyforblastresistanceheadded.Otherstrategies mayincludeprovidingalternatepathsforgravityloadsintheeventthata load-beatingcolumnfails.Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingofthemechanism ofcollapse.saidA.Whitaker.Weneedtofindoutwhatcausesabuildingto collapseandhowyoucanpredictit.??A.ReinhornPh.D.noted thatearthquakeshakinghasledtothecollapseofmanybuildingsinthepast. Itinducesdynamicresponseandextremelyhighstressesanddeformationsin structuralcomponents.Solutionsdevelopedforearthquakeresistantdesignmay bedirectlyapplicabletoblastengineeringandterroristresistantdesign.Part ofourmissionnowatUBistotransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewones wherenoneexistatpresent.??aftermathn.后果结? ?inthevicinity附近??debrisn.碎片? ?reconnaissancen.勘察??ductileadj. 可伸展的易变形的Asurprisingdiscoverymadebytheinvestigatorsduringtheirvisittogroundzeroisthat______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ??????{{B}}Broken:DreamsofRural Peace{{/B}}??ItwasduskinTubneydeepinruralOxfordshire.The birdsweresingingattheendofanotherperfectday.Thewomanlivingatthe edgeoftheforestcouldstanditnolonger.Shephonedthelocalnoise pollutionofficer.??It’srooks秃鼻乌鸦shesaid.Ican’tbear thatawfulcawing呱呱地叫noise.Canyoudosomethingaboutit?? ?Thecallwasnosurprisetoofficialsatthevaleofwhitehorsedistrict council.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}.Thecountrysideaseverycountry-dweller knowscanbeahellishly可怕地noisyplace.??LastweekDavid SteadawestYorkshirefarmerappearedincourtinWakefieldaccusedof allowinghiscockstobreaknoiseregulationsbycrowing打鸣atdawnwakinga neighbor.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}SixmothsagoCorkyafour-year-oldcockwas bannedfromcrowingaftercomplaintsintheDevonvillageofStoke.? ?Complaintsaboutnoisereasonableornot—areatrecordlevelsincountry areas.Environmentalhealthofficerssaythisispartlybecauseofanincrease innoisyactivity.Howeverasignificantnumberofcomplaintscomefrom newcomerstothecountryside.??Therearemanyofficersofrural noise.{{U}}?3?{{/U}}.Mechanizedgraindryersusuallyswitchedonfor threeweeksinSeptembercanproduceamaddeninglow-frequencyhum.Mike Robertschiefenvironmentalhealthofficeratvaleofwhitehorsesaidnoise oftensoundedworseinthecountrysidethanincities.Withlessbackground soundunwelcomenoisescanseemlouderandtravelfaster.??The oddestcomplaintshoweveraretheonescouncilofficialscandonothingabout. Valeofwhitehorseofficialshavebeenaskedtosilencenotonlynestingrooks. Pigeonsandpheasants雏鸡havealsocausedconcern.InKentcouncilofficials havebeenaskedtosilencebabylambs.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}.Anotherinsisted hecouldhearanalienspaceshiplandingoverthegardenfence.? ?Wegetregularcomplaints.Theyusuallycomefromretiredpeoplewhohave justmovedintothecountry.Wesendthemapoliteletter.??And theladywhocomplainedabouttherooks?Shewaspolitelytoldshewouldhaveto putupwithit.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}.saidMr.Roberts.Intheendshe acceptedtherewasnothingmuchshecoulddo—exceptmoveout.Itisnot recordedwhowontheladyortherooks.??A.Mr.Steadsaidthey wereonlydoingwhatcomesnaturally.??B.Weaskedherwhatwe weresupposedtodoshootthebirdsorchopthetressdown??? C.Theyhaveheardeverykindofcomplaint.??D.Onemanrangto sayhewaskeptawakebythesplashingofafountaininthegardennext door.??E.Thecouncilwillaskthefarmertomoveit.? ?F.Farmmachineryisacommoncause.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?????????? {{B}}Knitting{{/B}}??Mymotherknewhowtoknitbutshenevertaught me.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasno longeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationof feminismconsumerismandhouseholdgadgetrymademanywomenfeelthatsuch homelyaccomplishmentswerenowobsolete.Mygrandmotherstillknittedthough andeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformymotherandme~ofredwool. Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskateswhenitwasreallyimportantto havewarmfeet.??Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobe productive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo. Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouare creatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjust sitingisnolongertimewasted.??Ilovebreathinglifeintothe patterns.It’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththe perfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownknittingworstedmy grandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’seyestakingiton thebrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingfeverishlytogetitdoneby Christmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleeves andweaveintheends.??Knittinghastaughtmepatience.Iknow thatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthsthereWillbearewardand takeoutthestitchesbetweenandstartoveragain.??Peopleoften askifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.Inthe firstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.But moreimportantthisisanactivity1keepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.I knittorecovermychildrenandotherpeopleIliveinwarmthandcolor.Iknit togivethemearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy.??Knittinggives mylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteabout NorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbut onthetimetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittle rebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwho haveknittedforlove.Whichofthefollowingreasonsdoesnotexplainthefactthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter?
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}PrinciplesofGoverning Persuasion{{/B}}??Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingsdone throughothersthenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Many executiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgraspavailableonlyto thecharismatic有魅力的andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecadesthough experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto concedecomplyorchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedby severalprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.??Thefirst principleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilarto themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagersthenaskpeerstohelpmaketheir cases.Secondpeoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonly likethembutwholikethemaswell.Soit’sworththetimetounc9verreal similaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.??Thirdexperiments confirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreat them.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourthindividuals aremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessage formanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifthstudiesshowthat peoplereallydodeferto服从experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexert influenceexecutivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnot assumethatit’sself-evident.Finallypeoplewantmoreofacommoditywhen it’sscarce;itfollowsthenthatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasive thanwidelyavailabledata.Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.
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{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/B}}? ?Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfewor forboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewords usedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??Atasciencemuseumin OntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricity passesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCity youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.Atthe ModernMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholm Opera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiences particularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthe population.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreand moremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycan somehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsfor exampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlisten operateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.He canhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecan experimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlyto providefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.The theoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitand thosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnow provideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontothe usualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadof beingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.? ?Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime. Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoung peoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthan theirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontent tostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycan’participatein.The sameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlywere toopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow becomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroups likeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheir parentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhave beeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandother times.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexisting museumsandmencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone therearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25 yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenly dividedbetweentheartsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitorsaccordingtothe AmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700milliona year.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsare creatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeor veryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirst timeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesare generallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildingandits highlytrainedstaff.paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
Thehoteltriestomeetthediverseneedsofitscustomers.
TheFrenchRevolutionwasaperiodofdisorderbutproducedsomegreatliterature.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ???????{{B}}DarkForcesDominate Universe{{/B}}??TheEarthmoonsunandallvisiblestarsinthe skymakeuplessthanonepercentoftheuniverse.Almostalltherestisdark matteranddarkenergyunknown{{U}}?1?{{/U}}thatpuzzle astronomers.??Observationsinrecentyearshavechangedthebasic understandingofhowtheuniverseevolvedandhaveemphasizedforastronomers howlittleisknown{{U}}?2?{{/U}}themajorforcesandsubstancesthat shapedourworld:??Astronomersnowknowthatluminous matter-starsplanetsandhotgas—{{U}}?3?{{/U}}onlyabout0.4per centoftheuniverse.Non.luminouscomponentssuchasblackholesand intergalacticgasmakeup3.6percent.Therestiseitherdarkmatterabout 23percentordarkenergyabout73percent.??Darkmatter sometimescalledcolddarkmatterhasbeenknownforsome{{U}}?4 ?{{/U}}.Onlyrecentlyhaveresearcherscometounderstandthepivotalrole it{{U}}?5?{{/U}}intheformationofstarsplanetsandeven people.??Weoweourveryexistencetodarkmattersaid physicistPaulSteinhardtandaco-authorofareviewondarkmatterwhich appearednotlong{{U}}?6?{{/U}}inthejournalScience.? ?SteinhardtsaiditisbelievedthatfollowingtheBigBangthe theoretical{{U}}?7?{{/U}}oftheuniversedarkmattercausedparticles toclumptogether.Thatsetupthegravitationprocessesthatledtothe formationofstarsandgalaxies.Thosestarsinturncreatedthebasic chemicalssuchascarbonandironthatwere{{U}}?8?{{/U}}tothe evolutionoflife.??Darkmatterdominatedtheformationof structureintheearlyuniverse.Steinhardtsaid.Forthefirstfewbillion yearsdarkmattercontained{{U}}?9?{{/U}}ofthemassoftheuniverse. YoucanthinkofordinarymatterasafrothofanOceanofdarkmatter.Thedark matterclumpsandtheordinarymatterfallsintoit.Thatledtothe{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofthestarsandgalaxies.??Withoutdark matterthere{{U}}?11?{{/U}}bevirtuallynostructuresinthe universe.??Thenatureofdarkmatteris{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Itcannotbeseenordetected{{U}}?13?{{/U}}Astronomers knowitistherebecauseofitseffectoncelestialobjectsthancanbeseenand measured.??Butthemostdominatingforceof{{U}}?14 ?{{/U}}intheuniverseiscalleddarkenergy.Arecentlyprovenpowerthat astronomerssayiscausingthegalaxiesintheuniversetoseparateatafaster andfasterspeed.??Onescientistsaiditisclearnow{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}darkmatteranddarkenergyengagedinagravitationaltug ofwarthateventuallydarkenergywon.??intergalacticadj. 银河间的??????gravitationn. 地心吸力万有引力??pivotaladj.关键的举足轻重的???? frothn.泡沫??celestialadj.天体的??clumpv. 凝聚成块
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