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Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got...
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阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最
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阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最
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阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最
A.thecarelessnessofthedriversB.increaseinthenumber
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VocationalEducation Vocationaleducationreferstoeducationforaparticularoccupation.Industrializedcountrieshaveseenafallindemandforunskilledworkersandanincreaseinjobsintheprofessionaltechnicalcommercialandadministrativesector.Vocationaleducationistraditionallyassociatedwithtradesandcrafts:youngpeoplewereapprenticetoemployersforanumberofyearsandlearnedonthejob.Todaythefocushasshiftedfromtheworkplacetosecondaryandhighereducationinstitutionsandfromemployers’togovernmentprovisionandfinance.Traineesinmostoccupationscombineworkplacetrainingwithstudyatatechnicaloracademicinstitution.IntheformerSovietUnionschoolandworkwerealwaysstronglylinkedfromprimaryschool.Germanyprovidesnineoutoftenyoungpeoplenotenteringhighereducationwithvocationaltrainingandtrainingisplannedfromnationaldowntolocatelevelthroughjointcommitteesofgovernmentrepresentativesemployersandtradeunions.Insomecountriesskillsarebeinggroupedand"jobfamilies"createdsothatindividualscanmovebetweenjobswithsimilartechnicalrequirements.Inothers"competency-basededucation"isadvocatedtoequipindividualswith"transferable"aswellasspecificskills.Indevelopingcountrieswhereitistraditionalforchildrentoworkfromanearlyageonlyatinyproportionofstudentsfollowaformalvocationalprogramwhilethelongspecialisttrainingofprofessionalssuchasdoctorslawyersandengineersisacostlyburden.Trainingplacesfortechniciansnursesteachersandtheessentialworkersareoftenlimited.Worldwidethereisaslowbutsteadyincreaseinthenumbersofwomentrainingforoccupationsofinfluenceinsciencetechnologylawandbusiness.Itisalsobecomingclearthatonecourseofvocationaleducationisnotenoughforalifetime.Retrainingthroughcontinuingeducationisessential. Insomecountriesinordertohelppeopletobecomecapableoftakingdifferentjobsdifferentskillswithinabroadcategoryaretaught
{{*HTML*}}GoalofAmericanEducation??DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajorityofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintendedforeveryone—notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeettheneedsofeverychildregardlessofabilityandalsotheneedsofsocietyitself.?46?Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschoolsofferingsuchcoursesastypingsewingradiorepaircomputerprogrammingordrivertrainingalongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematicshistoryandlanguages.?47?TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationistodevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilitiesandtogiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.???48?Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunityespeciallyinthesmalltowns.??Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanynotonlybecauseitisinformalbutalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.?49?Studentsspendmuchtimelearninghowtouseresourcematerialslibrariesstatisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwelltheywillbeabletofindwhateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.?50???ThisisAmerica’sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparentsallovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime:Howcanonepreparetoday’schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnorunderstand???A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts.??B.Studentschoosetheircurricula课程dependingontheirinterestsfuturegoalsandlevelofability.??C.InsteadAmericanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.??D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.??E.SchoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnationalunityandAmericanizingthemillionsofimmigrantswhohavepouredintothiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.??F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssizeismatchedbyitsvariety.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph2______.
ANewBookAlldaylongyouareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem.Overthepastfewyearsscientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell.Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfactit’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccessheargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements.Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution.Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationshipssocialbondsandculturesofachievement.YetIcan’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins.Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresentandIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunesbutreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons.Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceofindividualcharacterandindividualcreativity.Anditdoesn’tfullyexplainthegenuinegreatnessofhumanity’stalents.Astheclassicalphilosophersunderstoodexamplesofindividualgreatnessinspireachievementmorereliablythananyotherformofeducation.ItcanbeseenfromParagraph5thatGladwell’sbook______.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfewbut______.
{{*HTML*}}GoalofAmericanEducation??DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajorityofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintendedforeveryone—notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeettheneedsofeverychildregardlessofabilityandalsotheneedsofsocietyitself.?46?Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschoolsofferingsuchcoursesastypingsewingradiorepaircomputerprogrammingordrivertrainingalongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematicshistoryandlanguages.?47?TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationistodevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilitiesandtogiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.???48?Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunityespeciallyinthesmalltowns.??Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanynotonlybecauseitisinformalbutalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.?49?Studentsspendmuchtimelearninghowtouseresourcematerialslibrariesstatisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwelltheywillbeabletofindwhateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.?50???ThisisAmerica’sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparentsallovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime:Howcanonepreparetoday’schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnorunderstand???A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts.??B.Studentschoosetheircurricula课程dependingontheirinterestsfuturegoalsandlevelofability.??C.InsteadAmericanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.??D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.??E.SchoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnationalunityandAmericanizingthemillionsofimmigrantswhohavepouredintothiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.??F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssizeismatchedbyitsvariety.
Theycanputupwiththepoorlivingcondition.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 58
Thenewtheorywascorroborated.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 54
{{*HTML*}}A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasilyreached??D?thatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentrequirements??E?theyarenotcomfortable??F?ininvestingincouponsStephanieDentonisexpert______
Itispostulatedthatpopulationtrendshaveaneffectoneconomicfluctuations.
VocationalEducation Vocationaleducationreferstoeducationforaparticularoccupation.Industrializedcountrieshaveseenafallindemandforunskilledworkersandanincreaseinjobsintheprofessionaltechnicalcommercialandadministrativesector.Vocationaleducationistraditionallyassociatedwithtradesandcrafts:youngpeoplewereapprenticetoemployersforanumberofyearsandlearnedonthejob.Todaythefocushasshiftedfromtheworkplacetosecondaryandhighereducationinstitutionsandfromemployers’togovernmentprovisionandfinance.Traineesinmostoccupationscombineworkplacetrainingwithstudyatatechnicaloracademicinstitution.IntheformerSovietUnionschoolandworkwerealwaysstronglylinkedfromprimaryschool.Germanyprovidesnineoutoftenyoungpeoplenotenteringhighereducationwithvocationaltrainingandtrainingisplannedfromnationaldowntolocatelevelthroughjointcommitteesofgovernmentrepresentativesemployersandtradeunions.Insomecountriesskillsarebeinggroupedand"jobfamilies"createdsothatindividualscanmovebetweenjobswithsimilartechnicalrequirements.Inothers"competency-basededucation"isadvocatedtoequipindividualswith"transferable"aswellasspecificskills.Indevelopingcountrieswhereitistraditionalforchildrentoworkfromanearlyageonlyatinyproportionofstudentsfollowaformalvocationalprogramwhilethelongspecialisttrainingofprofessionalssuchasdoctorslawyersandengineersisacostlyburden.Trainingplacesfortechniciansnursesteachersandtheessentialworkersareoftenlimited.Worldwidethereisaslowbutsteadyincreaseinthenumbersofwomentrainingforoccupationsofinfluenceinsciencetechnologylawandbusiness.Itisalsobecomingclearthatonecourseofvocationaleducationisnotenoughforalifetime.Retrainingthroughcontinuingeducationisessential. Sofarasvocationaltrainingisconcernedindustrializedcountriesneedmoreworkersforjobsintheprofessionalsector.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 64
Yourteacherwilltakeyourillnessintoaccountwhenmarkingyourexams.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph4______.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 52
{{*HTML*}}GoalofAmericanEducation??DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajorityofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintendedforeveryone—notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeettheneedsofeverychildregardlessofabilityandalsotheneedsofsocietyitself.?46?Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschoolsofferingsuchcoursesastypingsewingradiorepaircomputerprogrammingordrivertrainingalongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematicshistoryandlanguages.?47?TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationistodevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilitiesandtogiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.???48?Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunityespeciallyinthesmalltowns.??Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanynotonlybecauseitisinformalbutalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.?49?Studentsspendmuchtimelearninghowtouseresourcematerialslibrariesstatisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwelltheywillbeabletofindwhateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.?50???ThisisAmerica’sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparentsallovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime:Howcanonepreparetoday’schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnorunderstand???A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts.??B.Studentschoosetheircurricula课程dependingontheirinterestsfuturegoalsandlevelofability.??C.InsteadAmericanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.??D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.??E.SchoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnationalunityandAmericanizingthemillionsofimmigrantswhohavepouredintothiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.??F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssizeismatchedbyitsvariety.
Sheeventuallymarriedthemostpersistentoneofheradmirers.
ThepeoplewhospeakEsperanto世界语hopethatthelanguagesomedaywillbecometheinternationallanguagefortradescienceanddiplomacy.
{{*HTML*}}A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasilyreached??D?thatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentrequirements??E?theyarenotcomfortable??F?ininvestingincouponsCouponsshouldbethrownawaybecause______
Hewaspersuadedtogiveuptheidea.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Tomeettheneedsofsocietymoremuseums______.
VocationalEducation Vocationaleducationreferstoeducationforaparticularoccupation.Industrializedcountrieshaveseenafallindemandforunskilledworkersandanincreaseinjobsintheprofessionaltechnicalcommercialandadministrativesector.Vocationaleducationistraditionallyassociatedwithtradesandcrafts:youngpeoplewereapprenticetoemployersforanumberofyearsandlearnedonthejob.Todaythefocushasshiftedfromtheworkplacetosecondaryandhighereducationinstitutionsandfromemployers’togovernmentprovisionandfinance.Traineesinmostoccupationscombineworkplacetrainingwithstudyatatechnicaloracademicinstitution.IntheformerSovietUnionschoolandworkwerealwaysstronglylinkedfromprimaryschool.Germanyprovidesnineoutoftenyoungpeoplenotenteringhighereducationwithvocationaltrainingandtrainingisplannedfromnationaldowntolocatelevelthroughjointcommitteesofgovernmentrepresentativesemployersandtradeunions.Insomecountriesskillsarebeinggroupedand"jobfamilies"createdsothatindividualscanmovebetweenjobswithsimilartechnicalrequirements.Inothers"competency-basededucation"isadvocatedtoequipindividualswith"transferable"aswellasspecificskills.Indevelopingcountrieswhereitistraditionalforchildrentoworkfromanearlyageonlyatinyproportionofstudentsfollowaformalvocationalprogramwhilethelongspecialisttrainingofprofessionalssuchasdoctorslawyersandengineersisacostlyburden.Trainingplacesfortechniciansnursesteachersandtheessentialworkersareoftenlimited.Worldwidethereisaslowbutsteadyincreaseinthenumbersofwomentrainingforoccupationsofinfluenceinsciencetechnologylawandbusiness.Itisalsobecomingclearthatonecourseofvocationaleducationisnotenoughforalifetime.Retrainingthroughcontinuingeducationisessential. IntheformerSovietUnionschoolandworkwerealwaysweaklylinkedfromprimaryschool.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 62
ANewBookAlldaylongyouareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem.Overthepastfewyearsscientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell.Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfactit’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccessheargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements.Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution.Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationshipssocialbondsandculturesofachievement.YetIcan’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins.Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresentandIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunesbutreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons.Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceofindividualcharacterandindividualcreativity.Anditdoesn’tfullyexplainthegenuinegreatnessofhumanity’stalents.Astheclassicalphilosophersunderstoodexamplesofindividualgreatnessinspireachievementmorereliablythananyotherformofeducation.Theauthorbelievesthatindividualgreatnessismorecloselyrelatedto______.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 56
Wepackedupthethingswehadaccumulated积累overthelastthreeyearsandleft.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 60
SleeplessatNightItwasanormalsummernight.Humidity湿气hunginthethickair.Icouldn’tgotosleeppartlybecauseofmycoldandpartlybecauseofmyexpectationsforthenextday.Mymumhadsaidthattomorrow-wasgoingtobeasurprise.Sweatstucktomyachingbody.FinallyIgatheredenoughstrengthtositup.Ilookedoutofmysmallwindowintothenight.Therewasabigbrightmoonhangingintheskygivingoffamagiclight.Icouldn’tstandthepressureanymoreSoIdidwhatIalwaysdotomakemyselffeelbetter.Iwenttothebathroomandpickedupmytoothbrushandtoothpaste.Icleanedmyteethasiftherewasnotomorrow-.Backandforthupanddown.ThenIwalkeddownstairstolookforsomesignsofmovementsomelife.Gladiatormycatfrightenedmeashemeowed喵喵地唱出hissadsong.HewasontheOldorangecouch长沙发sittinguponhisfrontlegswaitingforsomethingtohappen.HelookedatmeasiftosI’mlonelypetme.Ineedagoodhug紧抱.Eventhecouchbeggedmetositonit.InonemovementIsettleddownontothesoftcouch.Thiscouchrepresentedmyparents’marriagemybirthandhundredsofotherlittleevents.AsIheldGladiatormyheartstartedbeatingheavily.Mymindwasfloodedwithquestions:What’slifeAmIreallyaliveAreyoulisteningtomeEverytimeImovedmyhanddownGladiator’sbodyIhadanew-thought;eachtouchsangadifferentsong.Iforgetallabouttheheatandthenextday’ssurprise.TheatmospherewassofullofwarmthandsilencethatIsankintoitsalms.Fallingasleepwiththebigcatinmyarms.Ifeltallmyworriesslowlymoveaway.Theauthorcouldnotgotosleeppartlybecause______.
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