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Children who drink alcohol with their parents are less likely to become problem boozers (狂饮者)in late...
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AnalcoholbreathtestABTisoftenusedbythepolicetofind
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Accordingtodecades-longresearchwomenwhotooklowtomoderate节制dailydosesofaspirinhadareduceddeathrateespeciallyfromheartdiseasE.Theresearchbasedondatafromamajortrialthathastrackedalmost80000womensince1976foundthatwomenwhoreportedusingaspirinonaregularbasishada25percentlowerriskofdeathfromanycausethanwomenwhodidn'ttakethedrug.Theriskofdeathfromcardiovascular心血管的diseasewas38percentlowerforaspirinusersandtherewasalsoa12percentreductionincancerdeathsthattookeffectafteradecadeofaspirinusetheresearchersfoundintheirreportbasedontheNurses'HealthStudy.HoweveranaccompanyingeditorialinthejournalcautionedthattheresultswereopentodebateandfarfromdefinitivE.Thedissenting持异议的editorialwasbasedonresultsofanearliertrialbytheWomen'sHealthStudywhichfollowedalmost40000womenfor11yearsandfoundnoreductioninoveralldeaths.Thereforethenewfindingscannotovercometheaccumulatedevidencethataspirinisnotparticularlyeffectivefortheprimarypreventionofdeathfromcardiovasculardiseaseinwomen.ThisisacomplicatedissuesaidDr.AndrewT.Chanleadingauthorofthenewreport.Weunderstandthataspirinhaspotentialhealthbenefitsbutwhowouldaspirintherapy疗法beappropriatefor?ThereareareasofdisagreementthatneedfurtherstudybeforethatquestioncanbeansweredChansaiD.ButthereisinformationfromthetwolargestudiesandothertrialsthatcanhelpguidewomenandtheirphysicianshesaiD.Andanyonewhoisthinkingaboutdailyaspirinshouldreallytalkwithdoctorsaboutthebenefitsandrisks.66.ThenewreportclearlybenefitsthewomensufferingA.heartdiseaseB.cancerC.loseofmemoryD.aspirinsideeffects67.Whichofthefollowingquestionshasn'tbeensolvedaccordingtoDr.Chan?A.Whetheraspirinisbeneficialforhealth?B.Whichofthetworesearchesisreallyreliable?C.Whowilldothefurtherstudyinthisarea?D.Whoareproperforthistreatment?68.Whichresearchdoestheauthorseemtosupport?A.ThenewonE.B.TheearlieronE.C.Neither.D.Both.69.WeknowfromthelastparagraphthatwomenwhotrustthetreatmentshouldA.beverycarefulaboutitB.startimmediatelywiththehelpoftheirphysiciansC.concentrateonthebenefitsinsteadoftherisksD.turntotheirphysiciansforonlythebenefitithas70.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromotethenewaspirintherapytowomen.B.Tointroducetwocontroversialresearches.C.TodrawafinalconclusiononthedebatE.D.Tohelpwomenlivelongerandhealthier.
Mobilephoneskilledourmanscreamedoneheadlinelastyear.Alsocameclaimsthatanunpublishedstudyhadfoundthatmobilephonescausememoryloss.AndaBritishnewspaperdevoteditsfrontpagetoapicturesupposedlyshowinghowmobilephonesheatthebrain.Foranyonewhousesamobliephonetheseareworringtimes.Butspeaktothescientistswhoseworkisthefocusofthesescaredandyouwillhearadifferentstory.Whatwedohavehoweveraresomeresultssuggestingthatmobilephones’emission散发haveavarietyofstrangeeffectsonlivingtissuethatcan’tbeexplainedbythegeneralradiationbiology.Andit’sonlywhenthequestionsraisedbytheseexperientsareansweredthatwe’llbeabletosayforsurewhatmobliephonesmightbedoingtothebrain.Oneoftheoddeffectscomesfromthenowfamousmerrorylossstudy.AlanPreeceandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofBristolplacedadevicethatimitatedthemicrowaveemissionofmobilephonestotheleftearofvolunteers.Thevolunteerswereallgooodatrecallingwordsandpicturestheyhadbeenshownonacomputerscreen.Preecesayshestillcan’tcommentontheeffectsofusingamobilephoneforyearsonenD.Butherulesoutthesuggestionthatmobilephoneshaveanimmediateeffectonourcognitive感知的abilities.I’mprettysurethereisnoeffectonshort-termmemoryhesays.AnotherexpertTatterasllremarkedthathislatestfindingshaveremovedfearsaboutmemoryloss.Oneresultforinstancesuggeststhatnervecellsynapses神经元突触exposedtomicrowavesbecomemore----ratherthanless-----receptivetounder-goingchangeslinkedtothememoryformation.Itwouldbeanevenhappieroutcomeifmicrowaveturnedouttobegoodforyou.ItsoundscrazybutacoupleofyearsagoateamledbyWilliamAdeyattheVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterinCaliforniafoundthatmiceexposedtomicrowavefortwohoursadaywerelesslikelytodevelopbraintumours肿瘤whengivenacancer-causingchemical.Soshouldweforgetaboutmobilephoneradiationcausingbraintumoursandscramblingourminds?Ifitdoesn’tcertainlycausecancerinanimalsandcellsthenitprobablyisn’tgoingtocausecancerinhumanssaysWilliam.Andwhilethere’sstillnoabsoluteevidencethatmobilephonedoesmangleyourmemoriesorgiveyourcancertheconsensusis:Don’tpaniC.72.Whatworriespeoplewhousemobilephones?A.MobilephoneswillkillthemB.MobilephonescausememorylossC.MobilephonesheatthebrainD.Allaboveisright73.WhatistheattitudeofPreeceonthesuggestionthatmobilephoneshaveanimmediateeffectonourcongnitiveabilities?A.PositiveB.NegativeC.UnknownD.Waitandsee74.Theunderlinedwordconsensusinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans______A.agreementB.disagreementC.possibilityD.impossibility75.Fromthethirdparagraphfromthebottomwecaninferthat_____.A.beingexposedtomicrowavesfortwohourscanresultinkillingyouB.beingexposedtomicrowavesfortwohoursislikelytodevelopbraintumoursC.beingexposedtomicrowavesfortwohoursisunlikelytodevelopbraintumoursD.beingexposedtomicrowavesfortwohourswillcauseyourlossofmemoryforever
Mostschoolsbanchewinggumbutinafewyearstheymightconsiderchangingthatrule.WhyScientistsarefindingevidencethatgumchewingmaybegoodforyourhealth.Itmayevenhelpboost提高yourtestscores.Thisexcitingresearchisjustbeginning.Andinthemeantimecompaniesarealsoexperimentingwithaddingvitaminsmineralsmedicinesandothersubstancesthatcouldgivegumthepowertocureheadachesandfighteverythingfromseriousdiseasestobadbreath.Peoplehavebeenchewinggumforthousandsofyears.AncientGreeksMayasandNativeAmericansforexamplechewedonthesaporresinofcertaintypesoftrees.Todaygumisalitdemorecomplicated.Gummanufacturersstartbymixingresinwaxandamoleculecalledpolyvinylacetatetomakeagumbase.Byvaryingthetypesandamountsoftheseingredientsscientistscanmakethousandsofformulations.JustwhatcangumdoforyourhealthManystudiesshowthatchewinggumaftermealsfightscavities洞bystimulatingtheproductionofsaliva.Salivahelpswashawaybacteriathatdamageourteeth.Aningredientcalledxylitolwhichisaddedtoitprovidesanextradoseofcavity－fightingpower.Thisisgoodformorethanjusttheteeth.Researchsuggeststhatgoodoralhealthdecreasestheriskofheartdiseaseandotherseriousdiseases.Chewinggummightalsobegoodforyourbrain.Chewinggumbooststheflowofbloodtoparticipants’brainsby40percent.Buttoomuchchewingcandamagethejawjoint.Andchewingtoomuchofgumthatcontainsvitaminscaffeineoramedicinecouldleadtoanoverdose.What’samorenomatterhowhealthygumchewingprovestobeitwillneverbeamatchforahealthylifestyle.Nothinglikegumoravitaminisgoingtocureabaddietaryhabitorabadexercisehabitit’snotamagicbullet.64.WhyarecompaniestryingtoputmedicinesintogumA.Becausetheywantgumtocuresomediseases.B.Becausetheywishpeopletobecomeaddictivetoit.C.Becausetheyplantomakegummoretasteful.D.Becausetheyhopetomakegumgoodforteeth.65.Fromthelasttwoparagraphswecaninferthat.A.chewinggumhasamagicpowertocureyourbadlifestyleB.chewinggumcan’treplacethehealthylifestyleC.chewinggumcanleadtoabadexercisehabitD.toomuchgumchewingprovestobeharmfultoyourteeth66.HowdoeschewinggumfightcavitiesA.Bymakingpeoplebrushteethimmediatelyaftermeals.B.Bykillingbacteriathatareharmfultoourteeth.C.Bymakingpeopleproducemoresaliva.D.Byaddingsomemoremedicinestothegum.67.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.A.AMatchforExerciseB.GumChewingisaMagicBulletC.NoGumChewingatSchoolD.ChewingGumforHealth
BESTPRODUCTWE'VEEVERSEEN－THISREALLYWORKS－ONSALENOWNeedtoloweryourcholesterol胆固醇WestronglyrecommendCholestrolblockTM.Thisreallyworksandnowisthebesttimetobuybecauseofaspecialofferforthefirst250customersonlyforalimitedtimE.*Takescholesteroloutoffoodnomatterwhatyoueat.*Clinicallydemonstratedeffectiveinuniversityandhospitaltesting.*Lowerscholesterolabsorptionupto42%ormore.*NOSIDEEFFECTSunlikeLiptor®Zocor®Crests®＆othercommonlyprescribed处方的medications－safeandeffectivE.*OutsellsallotherbrandsonInterneteverymonth.LIMITEDTIMEONLY一TryCholesterolWatchersfreewithpurchasE.60.Ifyouhappentobethe200thcustomertobuyCholesterolblockyouwill.A.beabletobuyitatalowpriceB.betheluckiestoneonlineC.tryitfreeofchargeD.changeyourdiet61.Liptor®Zocor®Crestor®are.A.diseasesB.sideeffectsC.medicinesD.cholesterol62.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inatravelguidebook.B.Onauniversitybulletinboard.C.InahealthmagazinE.D.Inadoctor'sprescription.
Thevitaminsnecessaryforahealthybodyarenormallysuppliedbyagoodmixeddietincludingavarietyoffruitsandgreenvegetables.Itisonlywhenpeopletrytoliveonaveryrestricteddietsaywhentryingtoloseweightthatitisnecessarytomakespecialprovisions饮食供应tosupplythemissingvitamins.Anexampleofthedangersofarestricteddietmaybeseeninthediseaseknownasberi-beriwhichusedtomakelargenumbersofEasternpeoplewholivedmainlyonricesuffer.IntheearlyyearsoflastcenturyaDutchscientistnamedEijkmanwastryingtodiscoverthecauseofberi-beri.Atfirsthethoughtitwastransmitted传播byagerm病菌.HewasworkinginaJapanesehospitalwherethepatientswerefedonpolished磨光ricewhichhadtheoutercoveringsremovedfromthegrain.itwasthoughtthiswouldbeeasierforweakandsickpeopletodigest消化.Eijkmanthoughthisgermtheorywasprovedwhenhenoticedthechickensinthehospitalyardwhichwerefedonremainsfromthepatients'plateswerealsoshowingsignsofthediseasE.Hethentriedtoseparatethegermwhichhethoughtwascausingthediseasebuthisexperimentswereinterruptedbyahospitalofficialwhoorderedthatthericewithoutcoveringseventhoughleftoverbythepatientswastoogoodforchickens.Itshouldberecookedforthepatientsandthechickensshouldbefedoncheapricewiththeoutercoveringsstillonthegrain.Eijkmannoticedthatthechickensbegantorecoveronthenewdiet.Hebegantoconsiderthepossibilitythateatingunpolishedrice糙米somehowpreventedorcuredberi-beri――eventhatalackofsomeelement成分inthecoveringsmaybethecauseofthediseasE.IndeedthiswasthecasE.Theelementneededtopreventberi-beriwasshortlyafterwardsseparatedfromricecoveringsandisnowknownasvitaminB.ThemilledricethoughmoreexpensivewasinfactcausingthediseasethehospitalwastryingtocurE.Nowadaysthisterriblediseaseismuchlesscommonthankstoourknowledgeofvitamins.64.Accordingtothepassageagoodmixeddiet.A.normallycontainsenoughvitaminsB.shouldbeonlyfruitsandvegetablesC.suitableforlosingweightD.isoftendifficulttoarrange65.Whatdoweknowaboutthediseaseberi-beri?A.ItkilledlargenumbersofpeoplE.B.ItwastransmittedbymilledricE.C.Itresultedfromlackofvitamins.D.Itwascausedbydiseasedchickens.66.Theingredientmissingfrommilledrice.A.wasnamedtheEijkmanvitaminB.didnotaffectthechickensC.didnotresultinberi-beriD.wasvitaminB.67.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.A.GoodMixedDietB.A.NewDiscoveryonVitaminC.TheDangersofBeri-beriD.TheImportanceofBalaneedVitamins
Indepartmentstoresandclosetsallovertheworldtheyarewaiting.Theiroutwardappearanceseemsratherappealingbecausetheycomeinavarietyofstylespatternsmaterialsandcolors.Buttheyareeventuallythebiggestdeception欺骗thatexistsinthefashionindustrytoday.Whatarethey?Theyarehighheels高跟鞋―awoman’sworstenemywhethersheknowsitornot.Highheelshoesarethedownfallofmodernsociety.Fashionmythshaveledwomentobelievethattheyaremorebeautifulorstylishforwearingheelsbutinrealityheelssucceedincreatingshortaswellaslongtermtroubles.Womenshouldfightthehighheelindustrybyrefusingtouseorpurchasetheminordertosavetheworldfromunnecessaryphysicalandpsychologicalsuffering.Forthesakeoffairnessitmustbenotedthatthereisapositivesidetohighheels.Firstheelsareexcellentforaeratinglawns草坪通气.AnyonewhohaseverwornheelsongrassknowswhatIamtalkingabout.A.simpletriparoundtheyardinapairofthosebabiesgetsridofalltheneedtocallforalawncarespecialistandprovidestheperfect-sizedholestogiveanylawnoxygenwithoutallthosemessyblocksofdirtlyingarounD.Secondheelsarequitefunctionalfordefendingagainstoncomingenemieswhocaneasilybescaredawaybythreateningthemwithapairofthesesharpdeadlyfashionitems.Regardlessofsuchpracticalusesforheelsthefactremainsthatwearinghighheelsisharmfultoone’sphysicalhealth.Talktoanypodiatrist足病医生andyouwillhearthatthemajorityoftheirbusinesscomesfromhigh-heel-wearingwomen.Highheelsareknowntocauseproblemssuchasmisshapenfeetandtorntoenails.Theriskofseverebackproblemsandtwistedorbrokenanklesisthreetimeshigherforahighheelwearerthanforaflatshoewearer.Wearingheelsalsocreatesthethreatofgettingaheelcaughtinanarrowsidewalkgapandbeingthrowntotheground―possiblybreakinganosebackorneck.Andofcourseafterwearingheelsforadayanywomanknowsshecanlookforwardtoanightofpainasshetriestocomfortherachingfeet.57.Womendon’ttakethedisadvantagesofhighheelstooseriouslybecauseof_____.A.themulti-functionaluseofhighheelsB.theirattempttoshowofftheirstatusC.therichvarietyofhighheelstylesD.theirwishtoimprovetheirappearance58.ThewriterusestheexpressionthosebabiesParagraph2torefertohighheels_____.A.toemphasizetheirsmallsizeB.toindicatetheirnewappearanceC.toshowwomen’sloveforthemD.toshowtheyareeasilybroken59.Thewriter’schiefargumentagainsthighheelsisthat______.A.theycreateathreattolawnsB.theyareharmfultowomen’shealthC.theydon’tnecessarilymakewomenbeautifulD.theyareineffectiveasaweaponofdefense60.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwomenshould______.A.seethroughtheverynatureoffashionmythsB.refusetobuytheproductsofthefashionindustryC.gotoapodiatristregularlyforadviceD.avoidfollowingfashiontooclosely
Teethareimportant.Stronghealthyteethhelpyouchewfoodsthathelpyougrow.Theyhelpyouspeakclearly.Andtheyhelpyoulookyourbest.Herearesometipsforyoutotakecareofyourteeth.1.Brushyourteethontherightway.Brushyourteethat1easttwiceaday―afterbreakfastandlunchoraftersweetsnackstoo.BrushallofyourteethnotjustthefrontonesSpendtimebrushingteethalongthesidesandbackofyourmouth.Brushawayfromyourgumstoo.Spendatleastthreeminuteseachtimeyoubrush.Playasongyouliketohelppassthetime.Getanewtoothbrusheverythreemonths.Whenyoubuyyourtoothbrushbesureithassoftbristles毛.2.Learnhowtoflossyourteeth.Flossingisaveryimportantwaytokeepyourteethhealthy.Foodmayhideinplaceswhereatoothbrushcannotgettolikethespacebetweentwoteeth.Flossingcanhelpgetridofit.Carefullymoveflossbetweentwoteeth.Upanddown.You’11needtoflossyourteethatleastonceaday.3.Havegoodeatinghabits.Youneedtobecarefulaboutwhatyoueatanddrink.Eatingsugarisamajoroftoothdecay腐败.Eatingsugarbeforeyougotobedcanmakethingsevenworseeatlotsoffruitandvegetablesanddrinkwaterinsteadofsoda.60.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.howtotakecareofyourteethB.howtobrushyourteethC.howtoformgoodeatinghabitsD.howtoflossyourteeth61.Theunderlinedwordtipsinthispassagemeans.A.moneygiventothewaiterforpersonalservicesB.pieceofadviceonhowtodosomethingC.lightblowtapeD.thinendofsomething62.Whenyoubrushyourteeth.atleastminutesisnecessary.A.1B.2C.3D.463.WhichisNOTmentionedinthispassageA.Flossingyourteeth.B.Havinggoodeatinghabits.C.Brushingyourteeth.D.Goingtoseethedentist.64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothisarticleA.Weshouldbrushourteethatleasttwiceaday.B.Flossingcanhelptogetridofthefoodhiddenbetweentwoteeth.C.Oneofthemajorcausesoftoothdecayiseatingsugar.D.Wedon’thavetobrushourteethifweeatalotoffruitandvegetables.
TwoAmericanscientiststoldthepeopleinindustrialnationsthattheywouldbemuchhealthieriftheyatemoreofthesamekindoffoodseatenbyhumanslivingmorethan10000yearsago.Thescientistssaythatthehumanbodyhaschangedverylittlesincehumanfirstappearedonearthbutthewaywelivehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodyhasnotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishasledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.Sotheyarecalleddiseasesofcivilization文明.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemincludingheartattacksandstrokes中风areexamplesofsuchdiseases.Scientistsnotedthatearlystone-agepeopleusedverylittlealcohol酒精ortobaccoprobablynone.Ancientpeoplealsogotagreatdealofphysicalexercisebutachangeinfoodisoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenlifeinancienttimesandlifetoday.Stone-agepeoplehuntedwildanimalsfortheirmeatwhichhadmuchlessfatthanfarmanimals.Theyalsoatealotoffreshwildvegetablesandfruits.Theydidnotusemilkandotherdairyproductsandtheymadeverylittleuseofgrains.Buttodayweeatalargeamountofdairyproductsandgrainfoods.Weeatsixtimesmoresaltthanstone-agepeople.Weeatmoresugar.Weeattwiceasmuchfatbutonlyonethirdasmuchprotein蛋白质andmuchlessvitaminC.Peopletodayprobablydonotwanttoliveaspeoplethousandsofyearsagodidbutscientistssaythatwewouldbemuchhealthierifweateasthoseancientpeopledidcuttingtheamountoffattysaltyandsweetfoods.51.Thepeopleinindustrialnationswouldbemuchhealthieriftheyate.A.morefoodsashumansliving10000yearsagodidB.ashumansliving10000yearsagoC.morekindsoffoodeatenbypeoplelivingover10000yearsagoD.moreofthesamekindsoffoodseatenbypeopleover10000yearsago.52.Newkindsofsicknesseshavebeenfoundbecause.A.thehumanbodyhaschangedcomparedwithhumanfirstappearedonearthB.thewaywelivehaschangedalittleC.ourbodycan’tdealwiththechangesinlifestyleD.thewaywelivetodayisproperforthehumanbody53.Whatisthemaincausementionedinthearticlewhypeoplesufferfromalotofnewsicknesses?A.AncientpeopledidagreatdealofphysicalexerciseB.PeopletodayhavealotofalcoholC.PeopletodayhavemoretobaccoD.Foodisquitedifferentbetweenlifetodayandlifeinancienttimes54.Stone-agepeopleweremuchhealthierthanpeopletodaybecausetheyatealotof.A.milkandotherdairyproductsB.grainfoodsandfarmanimalsC.saltandsugarD.wildanimalsfreshwildvegetablesandfruits55.Fromthisarticleweknowthatarenotgoodtoourhealth.A.proteinandvitaminCB.milkandgrainfoodsC.wildanimalsvegetablesandfruitsD.ahugeamountoffattysaltyandsweetfoods
TheconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantonE.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.IfwesodesirewecansmokedrinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbeltseatwhateverfoodswewantandliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercisE.ThefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioneD.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexampleateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitude多数大批offactorsbothinheritedandenvironmentalinfluencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviorsanditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.Howeverthedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.IndiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoiceFriesandGrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatistical统计数字的probabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide自杀.Thusforthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflifepersonalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitality活力生命力andlongevity长寿.51.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillnessB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth52.ToliveacompletelysedentarylifestyleL7ParA.1inthepassagemeans____.A.toliveaninactivelifeB.toliveaproperlifeC.tolivealifewithcompletefreedomD.tolivealifeofevil53.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeD.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends54.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____.A.improvingthequalityofone’slifeB.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoiceC.deliberatelyendingone’slifeD.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior55.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.A.personaldecisionsB.society’slawsC.statisticalevidenceD.friend’sopinions
Togetanextra14yearsoflifedon'tsmokeeatlotsoffruitsandvegetablesexerciseregularlyanddrinkalcoholinaproperamount.ThatisaccordingtoastudypublishedthisMondayinthePublicLibraryofScienceMedicineJournal.Aftertrackingmorethan20000peopleaged45to79yearsintheUnitedKingdomfromabout1993to2007Kay-TeeKhawoftheUniversityofCambridgeandhiscolleaguesfoundthatpeoplewhoadoptedthesefourhealthyhabitslivedallaverageof14yearslongerthanthosewhodidn't.We'veknownforalongtimethatthesebehaviorsaregoodthingstodobutwe'venotseenthisbenefitbeforesaidSusanJebbheadofNutritionandHealthatBritain'sMedicalResearchCouncil.Thebenefitwasalsoseenregardlessofwhetherornotpeoplewerefatandwhatsocialclasstheycamefrom.Studyparticipants参与者scoredapointeachfornotsmokingregularphysicalactivityeatingfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayandmoderatealcoholintake.Publichealthexpertssaidtheyhopedthestudywouldinspiregovernmentstointroducepolicieshelpingpeopletoadoptthesechanges.Butbecausethestudyonlyobservedpeopleratherthantestingspecificchangesitwouldbeimpossibletoconcludethatpeoplewhosuddenlyadoptedthesehealthybehaviorswouldsurelygain14years.Wecan'tsaythatanypersoncouldgain14yearsbydoingthesethingssaidDr.TimArmstrongaphysicalactivityexpertattheWorldHealthOrganization.The14yearsisanaverageacrossthepopulationofwhat'stheoretically理论上地possible.Mostpeopleknowthatthingslikeagooddietmatterandthatsmokingisn'tgoodforthemSusanJebbsaid.Weneedtoworkonprovidingpeoplewithmuchmorepracticalsupporttohelpthemchange.67.WhichofthefollowingDOESN'Tbelongtothefourhealthyhabits?A.Eatfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesaday.B.Doproperexerciseinthemorningeveryday.C.Drinkingalcoholintheproperamounteveryday.D.Havingacigarettebeforegoingtobedeveryday.68.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.SusanJebbdidnottakepartinthestudy.B.thestudyobservedpeopleaswellastestedspecificchanges.C.there'snoneedforpeopleunder45toadoptthesegoodhabits.D.onlythosefromfirstclasscanbenefitfromthesehealthybehaviors.69.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Allthepeoplearewellawareoftheharmoftheirbadhabits.B.Peopleaged45to70havebadhabitsintheUnitedKingdom.C.Governmentsshouldtakemeasurestohelppeoplechangetheirbadhabits.D.Peoplehaveadoptedthefourhealthyhabitsafterknowingthey'regood.70.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.SmokingandDrinkingCutsYou14YearsB.HowtoLiveaMuchHealthierLifeC.HealthyHabitsMayGiveExtra14YearsD.HowtoMakeYourLifeLongerThanOthers
ChemicalsusedforindustrialprocessesoftencreatedangerousformsofwastE.TheamountofthesechemicalshasrisenheavilyinthepastfewyearsasmoreareasoftheworldindustrializeandnewproductsareproduceD.Over80000differentchemicalsareusedinindustriesworldwidE.Aroundtheworldhundredsofmillionsoftonsofharmfulwasteareproducedeachyear.Oftenitisdifficultandexpensivetogetridofthesechemicalsortostoretheminawaythatdoesnotendangerhumanlifeandtheenvironment.EveryyearmajorhealthproblemsresultfromharmfulwastE.SadlyitisoftenwhensomeonehasdiedorbecomeseriouslyillthatgovernmentswilltakeactionandreducelevelsofdumpedharmfulwastE.In1989aschoolinNewJerseyhadtobeclosedbecausestudentstherehadsufferedtoomuchexposuretochromium.ItwaslaterlearnedthatlargeamountsofchromiumhadbeendumpednearbyandblownovertotheschoolareA.Researchhasbeendonetoprovideinformationontheeffectsofeverychemical.Becausewastechemicalsoftenmixtogetheritwillalsobenecessarytolearnhowthecombinationsofthesechemicalsaffecthumanhealth.SomegovernmentshaverealizedhowseroustheproblemisandaremakinglawstogetridofharmfulwastE.TheyarealsotryingtolimittheamountofwasteindustriesareallowedtoproducE.Notonlygovernmentsbutthepublicaswellmustformpartofthesolution.Theycanchoosenottobuythoseproductswhichrequiretheproductionofharmfulwasteattempttoaffectpolicymakersandproducelessharmfulwastethemselves.Manyscientiststhinkthatwasteproductioncanbecut.Thewastecanbereducedbyatleastone-thirdusingexistingtechnologiesandmethods.57.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Theeffectofeverychemical.B.ProblemsofharmfulwastE.C.Chemicalsusedforindustrialprocesses.D.Eventsrelatedtowastechemicals.58.Fromthetextweknowthat______.A.chromiumcanpoisonpeoplewhenthereisawindB.chromiumpollutionmakesthelocalgovernmentclosetheschoolC.Somegovernmentsdon’trealizehowserioustheproblemsareuntilpeoplesufferalotfromharmfulwasteD.abouttwo-thirdsofthewastecanpollutetheenvironment59.Whichofthefollowingleastmatchesthesolutionthewriterrefersto?A.ChemicalsusedforindustrialprocessesshouldbebanneD.B.PeoplecanmakeuseoftheexistingtechnologiesandmethodstoreducethewastE.C.PolicymakersmakelawstolimittheproductionofharmfulwastE.D.PeoplechoosenottobuyproductswhichmayproduceharmfulwastE.60.Thewriterofthetextthinksthat______.A.governmentsshouldhaveforbiddentheproductionofwastechemicalsB.mixedwastechemicalscanalwaysbestoredwithoutendangeringpeopleC.industriesmustnotproducewastechemicalswhichharmpeoplesomuchD.everyonecandosomethingtohelpsolvetheproblemofwastechemicals
Acarneedsgastorunandyourbodyalsoneedsfoodtoworkforyou.Eatingtherightkindoffoodisveryimportant.Itcanhelpyourbodygrowstrongtotakecareofwhatyoueat.Therearefourmainfoodgroupsaltogether.Thedairygrouphasfoodlikemilkcheeseandsourmilk.Theotherthreegroupsarethemeatandfishgroupthefruitandvegetablegroupandthebreadandricegroup.Eachmealshouldhaveatleastonefoodfromallfourmaingroups.Withallthesefoodtogetheryouwillbegivenenoughenergyduringtheday.Itiseasytogetintobadeatinghabits.YoumayeatyourbreakfastinahurrytogettoschoolontimE.Oryoumaynothavetimeforagoodlunch.ItmayseemeasytofinishyoursupperwithfishandchipsallthetimE.Butyouwillfindyourselftiredinthesedaysandyoucannotthinkquickly.Watchingwhatyoueatwillhelpkeepyourbodyhealthyandstrong.ItisalsogoodtotakesomeexercisE.Itwillhelpyoueatmoreifyoutakeawalkorplaygamesintheopenair.Havingagoodeatinghabitwithsomeexerciseisthekeytoyourhealth.46.Whichofthefollowingdietsdoyouthinkisthebestone?A.Eggstomatoesandchicken.B.MilkbreadcabbageandbeefC.Cornfishcreamandpork.D.Ricebeancurdapplesfishandchicken.47.Whichofthefollowingisagoodeatinghabit?A.Goingtoschoolwithoutanybreakfast.B.EatingfishandchipsforsupperallthetimE.C.FinishingyourlunchinaveryshorttimE.D.Havingatleastonefoodfromallfourgroupseachmeal.48.Inthepassagethewritermainlytellsusthat______.A.everypersonneedsfoodtogrowwellB.takingexercisecankeepyourbodystrongC.rightkindoffoodwithexercisewillkeepyouhealthyD.enoughenergyhelpspeoplethinkmorequickly49.Theunderlinedworddairyinthesecondparagraphmeans_________.A.thefoodmadeoutofcowssuchasmilkandbutterB.theshopthatsellsmilkandbutterC.afarmwherecowsarekeptD.aplacewheremilkproductsaremade50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_______.A.TheFourFoodGroupsB.AHealthyDietC.YourBodyandFoodD.ThekeytoYourHealth
Ifyou'reamaleandyou'rereadingthiscongratulationsyou'reasurvivor.Accordingtostatisticsyou'remorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerasawomanandninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturaltermabout78yearsformeninAustraliayou'lldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.There'remanyreasonsforthis―typicallymentakemorerisksthanwomenandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmoke―butperhapsmoreimportantlymendon'tgotothedoctor.Menaren'tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould.saysDrGullotta.Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40swhendiseasestendtostrike.Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45itshouldbeatleastonceayear.Accordingtoarecentsurvey95％ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayearcomparedto70％ofmeninthesameagegroup.Alotofmenthinkthey'reinvincible不可战胜的Gullottasays.Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink‘Geezifitcouldhappentohim...’Thenthere'stheostrichapproach.SomemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknowsaysDrRossCartmill.MostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodiesCartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldsurelyplacestrain紧张onthepublicpurseCartmillsays.Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besidesthefinalcostisfargreaterit'scalledpremature未到期的death.68.FromthepassagewecanknowthenaturaltermforwomeninAustraliaisaboutyears.A.73B.78C.83D.8869.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostimportantreasonwhymendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.Mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen.B.Mendon'tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen.C.Menaren'tascarefulaswomeninfaceofdangerD.Menaremorelikelytosufferfromseriousdisease70.WhichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentenceGeezifitcouldhappentohim...inPara6?A.itcouldhappentometooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortune71.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.Theymayincreasepublicexpense.B.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainonmenD.Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen.
NursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossiblE.IfwearetosolvethenursingshortagehospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsraelexamplE.AtBethIsraeleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scarehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohismotionalstatE.Thenshewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient’sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.Theprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalizationkeepingtrackwithhisprogressandseekingfurtheradvicefromhisdoctor.IfapatientatBethIsraelisnotrespondingtotreatmentitisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtothedoctor.WhatthedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleaguE.NursingatBethIsraelalsoinvolvesadecentralizednursingadministration;everyflooreveryunitisaself-containedorganization.Therearenursemanagersinsteadofheadnurses;inadditiontotheirmedicaldutiestheydoalltheirownhiringanddismissingemployeeadvisingandtheymakesalaryrecommendations.Eachunit’snursesdecideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen.BethIsrael’snurse-in-chiefranksasanequalwithothervicepresidentsofthehospital.SheisalsoamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommitteewhichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors.69.WhichofthefollowingisthecharacterofthenursingsystematBethIsraelHospital?A.ThedoctorgetsmoreactiveprofessionalsupportfromtheprimarynursE.B.Eachpatientistakencareofbyaprimarynursedayandnight.C.Theprimarynursewritesacareplanforeverypatient.D.Theprimarynursekeepsrecordsofthepatient’shealthconditionseveryday.70.A.primarynursecanproposeadifferentapproachoftreatmentwhen____.A.thepresentoneisrefusedbythepatientB.thepatientcomplainsabouttheserviceofthehospitalC.thepatientisfoundunwillingtocooperateD.thepresentoneprovestobeineffective71.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.nursesatBethIsraelHospitalaremorepatientB.inmosthospitalspatientcareshouldbeimprovedC.nursesatBethIsraelHospitalseemtoworklongerhoursD.inmosthospitalsnursesgetlowsalaries72.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthenursingsystematBethIsraelHospitalis____.A.negativeB.criticalC.positiveD.subjective
WeightlossisahardtopiC.Lotsofpeoplearen’tsatisfiedwiththeirpresentweightbutmostpeoplearen’tsurehowtochangeit.YoumaywanttolooklikethemodelsoractorsinmagazinesoronTVbutthosegoalsmightnotbehealthyorrealistic现实的foryou.___71__Sowhatshouldyoudoaboutyourweightcontrol?72Thebestwaytofindoutifyouareatahealthyweightorifyouneedtoloseorgainweightistotalktoadoctorordietitian营养学家.___73____IfitturnsoutthatyoucanbenefitfromweightlossthenyoucanfollowafewofthesimplesuggestionslistedbelowtogetstarteD.__74___Peoplewholoseweightquicklybycrashdietingorotherextrememeasuresusuallygainbackallofthepoundstheylostbecausetheyhaven’tpermanently永久地changedtheirhabits.ThereforethebestweightmanagementwaysarethosethatyoucanmaintainforalifetimE.Smallchangesarealoteasiertostickwith坚持做thanlargeones.Tryreducingthesizeofwhatyoueat.__75___OnceyouhavethatdownstartgraduallyintroducinghealthierfoodsandexerciseintoyourlifeIt’sagoodideatomaintainahealthyweightbecauseit’sjustthat:healthy.A.TrygivingupregularsodaforaweekB.Trytopayattentionasyoueatandstopwhenyou’refull.C.Weightmanagementisaboutlong-termsuccess.D.BesidesnomagicaldietwillmakeyoulooklikesomeoneelsE.E.Beinghealthyisreallyaboutbeingataweightthatisrightforyou.F.Changingfromwholetononfatorlow-fatmilkisalsoagoodideA.G.Theywillcompareyourweightwithhealthystandardsandhelpyousetgoals.
Watchingachildstruggletobreatheduringasasthma哮喘attackisfrighteningforanyparent.Soitisonlynaturalthatmostmomsanddadswilltryjustaboutanythingincludingspendingalotofmoneytokeepanattackatbay.Troubleismorethanhalfofparentsaretryingstrategiesthatsimplydonotworkandwastinghundredsofdollarsintheprocess.AccordingtoDr.MachaelCabanaapediatricianattheUniversityofMichigan’sC.S.MottChildren’sHospitalwholedthestudyoneofthemostcommonmistakeswastobuymattresscovertoprotectagainstdustmitesforachildwhoseasthmainsteadwasmadebyplantpollen花粉.Manyofthoseparentsthenneglectedtodowhatwouldhavehelpedalotmore;shutthewindowstokeeppollenout.Anotherwasusingahumidifierforachildwhowasallergictodustmites;ahumidifiertendstobeaplacewheredustmitesliketobreeD.Withthoseallergiesadehumidifierworksbetter.Worstofallwasthenumberofsmokerswithasthmaticchildrenwhodidn’teventrytoquitoratleastlimitthemselvestosmokingoutdoorsratherthanjustmovingtoanotherroomorthegaragE.ManysmokingparentspurchasedexpensiveairfiltersthathavewhatCabanacalledquestionableutility.PartoftheproblemDr.Cabanandhiscolleaguesbelieveisthatparentsarebombardedbytelevisionadsthatencouragethemtobuyproductssuchasairandcarpetfreshenersionizersandotherremediesthatareoftenexpensivebutmedicallyunnecessary.Anddoctorsmaynotalwaystakethetimeorhavethetimetoexplaintoparentswhatwillandwon’tworkintheirchild’sparticularcasE.Forexampleallergiesareusuallyaproblemforolderchildrenwithasthmawhilekids5andyoungermorefrequentlyhavetroublewithviralrepiratoryinfections.Somakesureyouunderstandwhatthecauseofyourchild’sasthmareallyis.68.Whatcanhelpthechildrenwhoareasthmaticaccordingtothepassage?A.Usingahumildifierintheroominsteadofadehumidfier.B.Usingairandcarpetfresheners.C.Buyingamattresscovertoprotectagainstdustmites.D.ClosingthewindowstokeeppollenoutofthehousE.69.WhichsentencebestexplainswhyTVadsproductsbombardparents?A.TVadsareobligedtomakesureparentsunderstandalltermsoftheirintroductoryoffers.B.TVadswanttobesurethatparentsunderstandthebenefitsofveryeffectivemedicalaids.C.TVadswantparentstounderstandclearlythetermsoftheirintroductoryoffers.D.TVadswantparentstobeattractedtothebenefitsofintroductoryoffersfortheirkid’sasthmA.70.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare________.A.teenagersB.businessmenC.parentsD.pediatricians71.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThereforepleaseconsultthedoctorsassoonaspossiblE.B.Thebestsolutionsarenotalwaysthemostexpensiveones.C.Itisnevertoolatetocurethechildren’sasthmA.D.Itisnotnecessayforparentstobenervousaboutchildren’sasthmA.
Havingalargewaistlinecanalmostdoubleyourriskofdyingprematurely过早地evenifyourbodymassindexiswithinthenormalrangeaccordingtoanewstudyover350000peopleacrossEuropepublishedWednesdayintheUS.magazineNewEnglandJournalofMedicinE.Thestudyprovidesstrongevidencethatstoringexcess过量的fataroundthewaistposesasignificanthealthriskeveninpeoplenotconsideredtobeoverweightobese极肥胖的.Itsuggeststhatdoctorsshouldmeasureapatient’swaistlineandtheirhipsaswellastheirbodymassindexaspartofstandardhealthcheeksaccordingtotheresearchersfromImperialCollegeLondontheGermanInstituteofHumanNutritionandotherresearchinstitutionsacrossEuropeComparingsubjectswiththesamebodymassindextheriskofprematuredeathincreasedinalinearfashionasthewaistcircumferenceincreaseD.Theriskofprematuredeathwasarounddoubleforsubjectswithalargerwaistmorethan120cmformenandmorethen100cmforwomencomparedtosubjectswithasmallerwaistlessthan80cmformenandlessthan65cmforwomen.Bodymassindexiscommonlyusedtoassess评估ifapersonisofnormalweight.Each5cmincreaseinwaistcircumferenceincreasedthemortalityriskby17percentinmenand13percentinwomenaccordingtothestudy.Anincreasedriskofmortality死亡率maybeparticularlyrelatedtostoringfataroundthewaistlinebecausefattytissueinthisareassecrete分泌cytokines细胞因子hormones荷尔蒙andmetabolically新陈代谢activecompounds混合物thatcancontributetothedevelopmentofchronic长期的diseasesparticularlycardiovascular心脏血管的diseasesandcancerssuggesttheauthors.TobiasPischontheleadauthorofthepapersaidThemostimportantresultofourstudyisthefindingthatnotjustbeingoverweightbutalsothedistributionofbodyfataffectstheriskofprematuredeathofeachindividual328words61.Accordingtoanewstudyofover350000peopleacrossEuropeapersonhasmoreriskofdyingprematurelyAifhisbodymassindexisn’twithinnormalrangeBifhehasalargewaistlineCifhisbodymassindexiswithinnormalrangeDifheoverweight62.Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentionedaspartofstandardhealthchecks?A.weightB.hipC.bodymassindexD.waistline63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwrong?A.Each5cmincreaseinwaistcircumferenceincreasesthesamemortalityriskinmenandwomenB.Bodymassindexiscommonlyusedtoassess评估ifapersonislargewaistlineC.Thesmallerwaistlinethemoremortalityrisk.D.Largewaistlinealmostdoublesriskofdyingprematurely
Sorrytosayourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownatthecruellyyoungageof30.itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn’tbehelpedbutnewstudiesshowthatpeopleofanyagecantraintheirbrainstoworkfaster.YourbrainisalearningmachinesaysUniversityofCaliforniascientistDr.Micha3elMerzenich.Giventherighttoolswecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat’srequiredisthepracticedesignedjustforthepurpose:afewexercisesfortheminD.Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingmethodtospeeduptheprocess过程inwhichthebraindealswithinformationpositencE.com.SincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeechtheBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtobetterspeedandaccuracy准确性.Overthecourseoftrainingtheprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguish辨别soundsbetweendoganddogforexampleatanincreasinglyfasterspeeD.It’sabitliketennisinstructorsaysMerzenichhittingballsatyoufasterandfastertokeepyouchallenged受到挑战.Youmaystartoutslowbutbeforelongyou’reprettyquick.ThebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastiC.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearnitwilllearn.Anditmayevenspeedupwhileintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoungandplasticyoucandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingtabletennisorbridgedoingcrosswordpuzzleslearningalanguage....Whenitcomestopreventingageingyoureallydo‘useitorloseitsaysBarbaraSahakianprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.57.Dr.Merzenich’strainingmethodmainlydependson________.A.speechtrainingB.computerlanguagesC.theactivitiesonejoinsinD.theinformationbeingdealtwith58.Bysayingthebrainatanyageishighlyplasticthewrterprobablymeansthebraincanbe________.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched59.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PracticemakesaquickminD.B.BrainresearchstartedtenyeasagE.C.Dr.Merzenichisascientistincomputer.D.Peoplebelievednothingcouldstopthebrainslowingdown.60.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththewriter’sidea?A.ThetrainingmethodsworkbetterfortheolD.B.PeopleshouldusethebraintostopitfromageingC.ThetrainingofthebrainshouldstartatanearlyagE.D.It’snecessarytotakepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossiblE.
Aremorningpeoplebornormade?InmycaseitwasdefinitelymadE.Inmyearly20sIrarelywenttobedbeforemidnightandIwouldalmostalwaysgetuplatethenextmorning.ButafterawhileIcouldn’tignorethehighrelationshipbetweensuccessandrisingearly.OnthoserareoccasionswhereIdidgetupearlyInoticedthatmyproductivitywasalmostalwayshigher.SoIsetouttobecomeahabitualearlyriser.Butwhenevermyalarmwentoffmyfirstthoughtwasalwaystostopthatnoiseandgobacktosleep.EventuallysomesleepresearchshowedmethatIwasusingthewrongstrategy.Themostcommonwrongstrategyisthis:Youassumethatifyou’regoingtogetupearlieryou’dbettergotobedearlier.Itsoundsveryreasonablebutwillusuallyfail.Therearetwomainschools流派ofthoughtonsleeppatterns.Oneisthatyoushouldgotobedandgetupatthesametimeeveryday.Thesecondschoolsaysyoushouldgotobedwhenyou’retiredandgetupwhenyounaturallywakeup.HoweverIhavefoundbothofthemarewrongifyoucareaboutproductivity.Ifyousleepatsethoursyou’llsometimesgotobedwhenyouaren’tsleepyenough.You’rewastingtimelyinginbedawakeandnotbeingasleep.Ifyoursleepisbasedonwhatyourbodytellsyouyou’llprobablybesleepingmorethanyouneeD.Alsoyourmorningsmaybelesspredictableifyou’regettingupatdifferenttimes.Thesolutionformehasbeentocombinebothmethods.IgotobedwhenI’msleepyandgetupwithanalarmclockatafixedtimE.SoIalwaysgetupatthesametimeinmycase5ambutIgotobedatdifferenttimeseverynight―sometimesat9:30pmandothertimesatmidnight.MostofthetimeIgotobedbetween10-11pm.HowevergoingtobedonlywhenI’msleepyandgettingupatafixedtimeeverymorningismyway.Ifyouwanttobecomeanearlyriseryoucantryyourown.60.Accordingtothepassagetheunderlinedphraserefersto____.A.peoplewhostayupuntilthenextmorning.B.peoplewhogetupearlyinthemorning.C.peoplewhofeelsleepyinthemorning.D.peoplewhoseproductivityisthehighestinthemorning.61.Whydidtheauthorwanttobecomeahabitualearlyriser?A.Becausehe/shewantedtoformthehabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.B.Becausehe/shehadfoundthathis/herproductivitywashigherwhenhe/shegotupearly.C.Becausehe/shewantedtoseewhichofthetwomainschoolsofthoughtonsleeppatternswasright.D.Becausehe/shewastoldthehighrelationshipbetweensuccessandrisingearly.62.TheauthorexperiencedallthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.goingtobedaftermidnightB.gettingupearlyoccasionallyC.pressingoffthealarmtogoonsleepingD.askingscholarsforadviceonsleepinghabits63.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A.howtobecomeanearlyriserB.howtohavegoodsleepC.wrongstrategiesforgettingupearlyD.mainschoolsofthoughtonsleeppatterns
ToliveforeverwasthedreamofmanyemperorsinancientChina.PeoplewereorderedtocallthemWansuiwhichmeans10000yearsbutnohumancouldlivethatlong.Howlongcanhumansreallylive?Accordingtothelatestscientificdiscoveryhumansareabletoliveuptotheageof120orperhapsevenlonger.Severalrecentstudiesshowedthatourlifespan寿命canbeextended延长farbeyondnormallimits.CynthiaKenyonaprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscodoubledthelifeofawormfromtwoweekstoamonth.Bychangingthefunctionofasinglegeneknownasdaf-2thescientistnotonlyaddedextradaystotheworm’slifebutalsokeptitahealthyaswormswhichwerehalfitsage.Therearetwosimilargenesinthebodiesofmammals.Bychangingthefunctionofongenescientistsextendedthelifeofamouseby18percentor4.5months.AnothergeneiscalledIGF-1.Researchersstilldon’tknowhowitaffectsourbody.Butbyreducingitsfunctionsthelifeofamouseincreasesby33percentfor8.6months.Theaveragelifespanofamouseis26months.Intheexperimentofextendinglifeanancientsayingyouarewhatyoueat.alsoseemstobetrue.Vegetablescontainfewercaloriesthanmeatandhelptoprolonglifescientistssay.ResearchhasfoundthattakinginfewercaloriesaffectsourlivesinasimilarwaytoreducingIGF-1.USbiologistJohnPhelansuggestslowcaloriedietscouldincreasehumanlifespanbutthereisnoproofyet.Researchersarestillwaitingfortheresultsofastudystartedin1987.Monkeysarefedwithlowcaloriefoodtoseewhathappens.Amonkey’stypicallifespanis40yearssothereisalittlewhiletowait.InChinaaveragelifeexpectancy预期寿命hasnowreached70doublethatof1949.Increasingthelengthofourlivesmaybringusclosertothedreamsofourancientemperors.Butitmayalsocausesocialproblemssuchashousingandemploymentsocialscientistshavewarned.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutstatementoflifespan?A.AfewemperorsinancientChinacouldliveupto10000years.B.Creaturesaren’tabletolivesupto120years.C.Thedreamoflivingforeveriscomingtrue.D.InChinatheaveragelifespanistwiceaslongasitwashalfacenturyago.58.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph37A.Amouseisabletoliveuptotwoyearsandahalf.B.Amousecanlivefor34.6monthsbyreducingitsgene.C.ScientistsaretryingtoworkouthowtheIGF-1geneaffectsourbody.D.Thetwosimilargeneshavethesamefunctionsinthebodiesofanimals.59.Inparagraph4youarewhatyoueatprobablymeansA.themoreyoueatthelongeryouwilllivesB.thebetteryoueatthegreaterIGF-l’sfunctionsareC.thehealthierfoodyoueatthehealthieryouareD.thefewercaloriesyoutakethehappierlifeyou’lllive60.Whatisthemainideaaboutthispassage?A.Weareabletolivelonger.B.Thegenesaffectlifespanofhumanbeings.C.Abalanceddietprolongsourlife.D.Extendinglifespanhascausedterriblesocialproblems.
Workingthenightshift夜班afewnightsamonthcandomorethanleaveyoureyesbleary-eyed视力模糊suggestsastudyonWednesday.Itjustmightincreaseyourriskofcolorectalcancer结肠直肠癌.Nurseswhoworkedthenightshiftatleastthreetimesamonthfort5yearsormorewere35％morelikelytodevelopthattypeofcancerthannurseswhoneverworkednightsHarvardUniversityresearchersreportintheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute.ThefindingfromtheongoingNursesHealthStudyisthefirsttolinknightshiftworkwithahigherriskofcolorectalcancerexpectedtokill57100AmericansthisaccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.AnotherresearchincludingareportoutoftheNursesHealthStudyhassuggestedthatworkingnightshiftsincreaseswomen'sbreastcancerrisk.Theresearchersasked78586nurseswhethertheyhadeverworkedthreeormorenightshiftsamonth.Thenursesindicatedwhethertheyhaddonesoforlessthan15yearsor15yearsormore.Thescientistsfollowedthewomentoseewhodevelopedcolorectalcancer.Researchersbelievethatloweredlevelsofmelatonin褪黑素mightincreasenight-shiftworkers'cancerrisk.Melatoninlevelsusuallyreachthehighestpointinthemiddleofthenight.Turnonthelightsthoughandtheydroppedmeasurablyinjust10minutessaysRichardStevensacancerepidemiologistattheUniversityofConnecticutwhodidnottakepartinthenewstudy.AftertwoweeksofcontinuousnightlyexposuretolighthumansexperienceasharpdropinmelatoninproductionNursesHealthStudyresearcherswrite.Inthelabmelatoninappearstostoptumor肿瘤growth.Otherstudiessuggestthatcolorectalcancerpatientshavelowerbloodlevelsofmelatoninthanhealthypeopletheauthorswrite.Howeverthatcouldbearesultofthediseasenotacauseofit.Stevenssays.72.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcausedbyworkingonthenightshift?A.Blearyeyes.B.ColorectalcancerC.Melatoninproduction.D.Breastcancer.73.Accordingtothepassagetheunderlinedwordtheyrefersto.A.thelightsB.melatoninlevelsC.theresearchersD.night-shiftworkers74.AccordingtoNursesHealthStudywhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Workingonnightshiftswilldoharmtonurses'health.B.Nurseswhodon'tworkatnightdon'tsuffercolorectalcancer.C.NursesworkingonnightshiftswillhaveahigherriskofcolorectalcancerD.Workingonnightshiftswillincreasewomen'sbreastcancerrisk75.Whichofthefollowingplaysanimportantpartincausingcancersfornursesworkingnightshifts?A.BloodlevelsofmelatoninB.TumorgrowthC.TheexposuretolightD.Melatoninproduction.
About1in15householdsdrinkbottledwatertodayspendingabout$4billionayearonit.Althoughthereasonsforthetrendaremanybottledwater'shealthbenefitsfallnearthetopofthelist.Surveyshavefoundthatabout25percentofbottledwaterdrinkerschoosethebeverageforhealthandsafetyreasons;anotherquarterbelieveitispureandfreeofcontaminants杂质.Regardlessofitspristineimagebottledwaterisnotnecessarilyanypurerormorehealthfulthanwhatflowsrightoutofthetap.ConsiderthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAthebottledwaterindustrywatchdogdoesnotrequirethatbottledwatermeethigherstandardsforqualitysuchasthemaximumlevelofcontaminantsthanpublicwatersuppliesregulatedbytheEPA.ForthemostparttheFDAsimplyfollowsEPA'sregulatoryleaD.Grantedbottledwaterisoftenfiltered过滤toremovechemicalssuchaschlorinethatmayimpartacertaintastE.Butthatdoesn'tmakeitanysafer.Infactabout25to40percentofbottledwatercomesfromthesamemunicipalwatersuppliesastapwater.Furthermoresomebottledwatersdonotcontainanyorenoughofthefluoride氟化物neededtofightcavities.Theonlywaytodeterminewhetheracertainwatercontainsthemineralistocheckwiththecompanythatbottlesit.Thisisnottosaythatbottledwaterisnecessarilyanybetterorworsefromahealthstandpointthantapwater.It'scertainlypreferabletotapwaterforthosewholikeitstastE.Theproblemisthatmanyconsumerspay300to1200timesmorepergallonforbottledwaterthanfortapwaterbecausetheythinkbottledwateristhemorehealthfulofthetwo.Bottlersaddtotheconfusionbysprinklingtermssuchaspurecrystalpureandpremiumonlabelsillustratedwithpicturesofglaciersmountainstreamsandwaterfallsevenwhenthewaterinsidecomesfromapublicreservoir.HowevertheFDAhassetforthregulationsrequiringclearlabelingofbottledwaters.Theminiglossaryofbottledwatersexplainswhatsomeofthetermsusedonbottlesreallymean.68.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.MostbottledwaterdrinkersbuyitforthetastE.B.Labelsonbottledwaterareusedtomisleadconsumers.C.TheFDAsetshighstandardsforbottledwater.D.Onlywealthypeoplecanaffordbottledwater.69.Accordingtothepassageremovingchlorinefromwater____________A.doesnotmakethewatersaferB.isrequiredbytheFDAC.makesthewaterlessexpensiveD.isnecessaryforgoodhealth70.Accordingtothepassageonevalidreasonfordrinkingbottledwateristhe__________.A.convenienceB.cost.C.mineralsD.taste71.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.BottledwatermaybepreferabletotapwaterintastE.B.Bottledwaterisalwayssafertodrinkthantapwater.C.Consumersshouldconsidercarefullythereasonforbuyingbottledwater.D.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationisresponsibleforthebottledwater.
ForallthedinnertableaglassofmilkseemstobeaconstantatleastitwaswhenIwasgrowingup.Itwaswidelybelievedthatmilkwasintegralinbuildingstrongbonesandteeth.There’snodoubtthatdairyproducts乳制品andmilkinparticulararehighinproteinandcalciumandmostmilkproductsaresupplementedwithVitaminD.andA.Whileit’swellknownthatourbonesneedcalciumsomestudiessuggestthathighcalciumintakedoesn’tnecessarilyloweraperson’sriskforfractures骨折.AHarvardstudyfoundthatpeoplewhodranktwoormoreglassesofmilkhadnogreaterprotectionfrombreakingabonethanthosewhodrankaglassorlessaweek.There’snodoubtthatweneedcalcium.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoheartdisease.Muchofthisclaimisbasedonhighfatandhighdairyproductslikecheesesandcreamswhichmayindeedcontributetocardiovascularproblems.Somestudieshavelinkedhighmilkintakeswithariskofprostatecancer;thisseemstobecausedbyhigh-fatdairyproductsnotdairyingeneral.Althoughmilkwasalwaysregardedasoneofthemostimportantthingweneedforourbonesyetleastpromotedfactorsinvolvedinstrengtheningbones.PerhapsweshouldthinkofdairyaslesslikeanutrientandmorelikeafooD.Ifyoulikeiteatit.Ifnotfindsomeothers.BecausesomeclaimsmaynotbecompletelytruewhenIeatacreamI’mnotthinkingaboutcalciumproteinoranysuchthing.I’mthinkingdelicious.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEonthemilk?A.Themoremilkyoudrinkthemoreriskforfracturesyoumightbe.B.Themoremilkyoudrinkthelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.C.Thelessmilkyoudrinkthelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.D.Thereisnolinkbetweenthem.58.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoexcept______.A.cardiovascularproblemsB.heartdiseaseC.prostatecancerD.stomachcancer59.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmilk?A.Hedoesn’tlikemilkanymoreB.Heusedtodrinkmilkasachild.C.Heregardsmilkasanutrient.D.Healwayscaresaboutcalciumproteinwhenheeatssomething.60.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____A.Alltheclaimsarenotcompletelytrue.B.Highmilkintakescanleadtocancer.C.It’snecessaryforyoutoreducemilkintakes.D.Giveupmilkforyourhealth.
Schoolshavebeenblamedforgivingkidsaccesstosodainvendingmachines自动售货机.Butnewdatasuggestthatschoolsoftdrinksalesmaynotbeanimportantfactorinhowmuchsodakidsdrink.InthecurrentissueofTheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehaviorresearcherscomparedsodaconsumptionamongnearly500studentsinMainewhoattendedsevenschoolsovertwoschoolyears.Fouroftheschoolscutbackonsoftdrinkavailabilityattheschoolswhilethreeoftheschoolsmadenochanges.Allthestudentsweredrinkinglesssodabytheendofthestudyperiodbuttherewerenomeaningfuldifferencesinoverallsoftdrinkconsumptionamongthedifferentschools.Thedatasuggestthatlimitingsoftdrinkavailabilityatschooldoesn’tresultinmeaningfulchangesindrinkconsumptionpatterns.Whiletherewerenochangesinoverallsodaconsumptiontherewasanotableshiftindietsodadrinkingamonggirls.Iftheschoolcutbackonsodaavailabilitygirlswerelesslikelytodrinkdietsodacomparedtogirlsinschoolsthatmadenochanges.Thedataarethelatesttosuggestthatschoolsmaynotplayasbigofaroleinkids’pooreatinghabitsaswidelybelieveD.LastyearTheAmericanJournalofPublicHealthpublishedaprovocative引起争论的studyshowingthatchildhoodweightproblemsoftengetworseinthesummerwhenkidsareoutofschool.Datafromkindergartenersandfirstgradersfoundthatbodymassindex指数increasedtwotothreetimesasfastinsummerasduringtheregularschoolyear.Minoritychildrenwereespeciallyatriskaswerechildrenwhowerealreadyoverweight.Evenchildrenwhoweretoothinandneededtogainweightappearedtohavebettereatinghabitsduringtheschoolyear.Theyactuallygainedmoreweightwhileinschoolandlessinthesummer.Evensomuchofthefocusonchildhoodnutritionandobesity肥胖remainsinthenation’sschools.TodayTheTimesreportedthateventheschoolbakesaleisdisappearingasdistrictsimposestrictstandardsonthefoodservedonschoolgrounds.76.WhatcanbelearnedfromTheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior?A.Softdrinkremainsaprobleminschools.B.Girlstendtoconsumelesssodaatschool.C.Softdrinksmaynottobeblameforeatingproblems.D.Vendingmachinesarenotavailableinallschools.77.Bettereatinghabitsmaybebestdeveloped______.A.duringsummerB.onschooldaysC.withlesssodaavailabilityD.inattemptsforweight-gain78.Thewritervoiceshisopinionby______.A.conductingscientificresearchB.comparingtwojournalsC.criticizingwrongbeliefsD.referringtoreadydata79.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.Schoolsaretoblameforkids’nutritionproblems.B.Schoolshavemadechangesforabetterreputation.C.Kids’pooreatinghabithaslittletodowithschools.D.A.lothasbeendoneregardingkids’nutritionandobesity.
Idon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblooD.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongnap打盹小睡afterdinner.Ifyoudidn’tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheeveningyouwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtimE.Ifyoudidn’tnapafterdinneryouwouldnotwanttostayupsolateandyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmealengageinsomesortofphysicalactivity―asportsuchasbowlingperhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlierandyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight’srestwithouttakingapill.IfyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthiswayIamsureyouwillfeellesstiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifsogetupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslatergetupbydonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradioandmakeyourselfafewhours’sleepthatnightyouwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatnaprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.36.Thispassageiswrittentosomeonewho________.A.hasaterriblediseaseinhisbloodB.suffersfromsleeplessnightandtireddayC.cannotfallasleepintheeveningD.hasnointerestinplayingwithfriends37.Accordingtothewriteritisdifficultforthepersontogotosleepbecausehe________.A.gets.thehabitofstayinguplateB.hasn’ttakensleepingpillsC.sleepsforhoursafterdinnerD.failstodosomeexercises38.Theauthorthinksthelogicalorderofthefollowingeventsshouldbe________.A.feelingbadinthedayB.takingsleepingpillsC.unabletofallasleepatbedtimeD.nappingafterdinnerA.abcdB.cbdaC.dcbaD.dbac39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Sleepingpillscannothelpyougetagoodnight’ssleep.B.Youshouldstayupifyouwanttosleeppeacefully.C.Foodisnecessaryatnightifyoufailtogotosleep.D.Goingtobedtooearlydoesnothelpyousleepwell.40.Wemayinferthattheauthorismostprobablya________.A.doctorB.scientistC.reporterD.professors
MostAmericankidsloveHalloweentreatsbutabucketofHalloweencandycanbeadentist’snightmarE.SomeparentstrytogetridofhalfofthecandyaftertheirchildrengotobedbutdentistssayparentsalsoneedtoseparatethegoodkindsoftreatsfromthebaD.Itisnotexactlywhatachildeatsthattrulymattersbuthowmuchtimeitstaysinhismouth.AccordingtopediatricdentistDr.KanetaLottthemostdamagingstuffissomethingthatisstickyorveryhardandthusstaysinthemouthforalongtimE.Thisisbecauseweallhavebacteriainourmouths.Whenweeatthebacteriatakeourfoodastheirfoodandproduceanacidthatdestroysthesurfaceoftheteethcausingcavitiestoform.Thelongerthefoodstaysinthemouththemorelikelycavitieswilldevelop.Thereforepotatochipsareworsethancandybecausetheygetstuckbetweenteeth.ForthesamereasonraisinsandcrackersarenotthebestchoicE.HardcandiestakealongtimetoconsumeandarealsoabadchoiceforHalloweentreats.IfchildrenreallylovecandydentistsrecommendthattheyeatchocolateinsteaD.Unlikehardcandieschocolatedissolvesquicklyinthemouth.Besideschocolatecontainstanninswhichhelptokillsomeofthebacteriainthemouth.Butnomatterwhatachildeatsbrushingaftereachmealisstillthebestwaytofightcavities.56.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.TodiscusshowcavitiescanbetreateD.B.TopointouttheproblemswithHalloweencelebrations.C.Totellparentswhatsweetsarelessdamagingtotheirchildren’steeth.D.ToteachparentsthemeaningofHalloweencandiesfortheirchildren.57.Whyarehardcandiesespeciallybadforteeth?A.Theymaybreakthechild’steeth.B.TheyhelpbacteriatoproducetanninsC.Theycontaintoomuchsugar.D.TheystayinthemouthforalongtimE.58.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisabetterchoiceforHalloweentreats?A.ChocolatE.B.Crackers.C.Raisins.D.Potatochips.59.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueoftannins?A.TheyareproducedwhenthebacteriadigestthefooD.B.Theyhelptogetridofsomebacteriainthemouth.C.Theyhelpchocolatetodissolvemorequickly.D.Theydestroythesurfaceoftheteeth.
Withbighandbagsbecomingakeyfashionaccessory配件forworkingwomenhealthexpertsarewarningtheycanalsobecomeakeyhealthconcern.Bagsforwomenhavebecomebiggerandheavierasdesignerscombinebriefcaseswithhandbagsandstrapshavebecomelongerresultinginmanyuserscomplainingofneckshoulderandbackproblems.IseesomanywomenwithneckpainsandheadachesandwhatIusuallydoislookfortheirpurseandpickitupsaidJaneSadlerafamilypracticephysicianatBaylorMedicalCenterinGarlandTexas.Wetakeitovertothescaleandweighitandusuallythey'reanywherefrom7to10pounds...We'rereallygoingtoseewomenwithmoreandmoreproblemslateronifwecontinuethebigpursecrazE.WilliamCaseaphysicaltherapist临床医生inprivatepracticeinHoustonTexasurgeddesignerstoplaceacuteeducationalcautiontag标签onallbagstoinformofpotentialneckandshoulderdangers.Aboveallherecommendedcorrectposturewhilecarryingbigpurseskeepingtheheadandshouldersupright.PatientsshouldalsofrequentlychangethesizeandweightofpursescarrieD.Theextra-largepursesarequitephenomenal.TheylookbeautifulwhenthewomenwearthembutIdon'tknowhowawaretheyareofthepotentialproblemsCasesaiD.Placingobjectsononeshoulderwasoneoftheleastefficient有效率的waysofcarryingaloadaccordingtoaprofessorfromCornellUniversityinNewYorkStatE.ThiscausesagreatimbalancehesaiD.IfabigbagisafashionaccessorythenoccasionalandsymbolicuseisfinE.Ifnotthenkeepitlight.61.Bagsforwomenaredesignedtobebiggerbecausethey_____.A.aresupposedtocarrymorethingsB.aremorecomfortabletowearC.makethewearerslooknicerD.showthestatusofthewearers62.JaneSadlerwouldlookfortheirpurseandpickitupinordertoseewhetherthepurses_____.A.containedenoughmoneyB.wereworthalotofpoundsC.weretooheavyD.weretoolarge63.Whichcorrectlyexplainsthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordpostureinthe4thparagraph?A.Thewayyoupositionyourbody.B.Thepartofyourbodywhereyouplaceaweight.C.Thestrengthyouusetocarryaweight.D.Theheightoftheweightyoucarry.64.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothekindofbagscausingthehealthproblems?AB.C.D.65.Noneoftheexpertsadvisedbigbagusersto______.A.beawareofthebig-bagproblemsB.wearbigbagsintherightwayC.avoidusingbigbagsveryoftenD.sacrificethefashiontokeepfit
Ifyou’retrainingforamarathonaproperplanforwaterintake摄入isimportant.Ofcoursethere’stheriskofdehydration脱水.Butathletesnowknowtheycanalsogetintotroublebydrinkingtoomuch.Toomuchwaterintakecanlowerlevelsofsodium钠intheblooD.Thedeathofa28-year-oldwomanfollowingtheBostonMarathoncaughttheattentionofmanyrunnersandledtonewresearch.Expertsadviselongdistancerunnerstoreplacetheliquidstheysweatout.Theirgoalistotrytokeepsomeonefromnotgettingdehydratedbymorethan2percentoftheirbodyweight.Onetechniquefordecidinghowmuchwateryouneedistogettheexactnumbers.Runnershavetoweighthemselvesbeforeandafteraruntodeterminehowmuchwaterthey’velost.Iftheirweightdropsbymorethan2percenttheyhavenotdrunkenoughwater.Hyponatremia血钠过少occurswhenrunnersdrinksomuchwaterthatbloodsaltlevelsdropoff.A.studypublishedlastyeartested488runnerswhocompletedtheBostonMarathonandfound13percentofthemhaddangerouslylowbloodsaltlevels.Thefirstsignthatrunnersmaynoticeisslightlyswellinginthehands.Theycan’tgettheirringsoffandthentheymightfeelsick.TheymaynotrememberwheretheyarE.Infactmostrunnersgetenoughsalttogetbacktonormallevelsbyeatingjustonemealafterarun.Contrarytotheoldadvicethatrunnersshoulddrinkasmuchastheycantopreventdehydrationthenewresearchhasshownthatthebodyisaremarkablemachinethatactuallytellsyouviathirstwhenyouneedwater.64.Theauthorofthispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.A.thesignsandtreatmentfordehydrationB.thelongdistancerunnerswhoneedhelpC.howtomanagewaterintakeduringamarathonD.a28-year-oldwomanwhodiedafteraBostonMarathon65.Whydorunnershavetoweighthemselvesbeforeandafterarun?A.Theycanimprovetheirperformanceinarun.B.TheycanlearnhowmuchsaltthereisintheblooD.C.Theycanknowthequantityofwaterthey’velostduringarun.D.Theycandecidewhatkindofwatertheyshouldtakeduringarun.66.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.Takingmuchsaltduringaruncanavoidswellinginthebody.B.Eithertoomuchortoolittleofwaterintakeisharmful.C.A.richmealishelpfultoourperformanceinarun.D.Weshouldtakeenoughsaltduringarun.67.Accordingthepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Toomuchwaterintake→bloodsodium钠levels↓→dehydration.脱水B.Toomuchwaterintake→bloodsaltlevels↓→hyponatremiA.C.Nowaterintake→bloodsodiumlevels↑→hyponatremiA.D.Nowaterintake→bloodsaltlevels↓→hyponatrenmiA.
Let’sdosomesleepmath.YoulosttwohoursofsleepeverynightlastweekbecauseofabigprojectdueonFriday.OnSaturdayandSundayyousleptingettingfourextrahours.OnMondaymorningyouwerefeelingsobright-eyedthatyouonlyhadonecupofcoffeeinsteadofyourusualtwo.Butdon’tbecheatedbyyourenergy.You’restillcarryingaroundaheavyloadofsleepinessorwhatexpertscallsleepdebt――inthiscasesomethinglikesixhoursalmostafullnights’sleep.Sleepdebtisthedifferencebetweentheamountofsleepyoushouldbegettingandtheamountyouactuallyget.It’sadeficit缺乏thatgrowseverytimeweskimsomeextraminutesoffournightlysleep.PeopleaccumulatesleepdebtgraduallywithoutbeingnoticedsaysWilliamC.DementfounderoftheStanfordUniversitySleepClinic.Studiesshowthatsuchshort―termsleepdeprivationleadstoafoggybrainworsenedvisionandtroubleremembering.Long-termeffectsincludeobesityinsulin胰岛素resistanceandheartdiseasE.A.surveybytheNationalSleepFoundationreportsthatwe’relosingonehourofsleepeachnight――morethantwofullweeksofsleepeveryyear.ThegoodnewsisthatlikealldebtwithsomeworksleepdebtcanberepaiD.Addinganextrahourortwoofsleepanightisthewaytocatchup.Forthelong―termlackofsleeptakeiteasyforafewmonthstogetbackintoanaturalsleeppattern.Gotobedwhenyouaretiredandallowyourbodytowakeyouinthemorningnoalarmclockallowed.Youmayfindyourselfcatatonic有紧张症的inthebeginningoftherecoverycycleexpecttohavetenhoursshut-eyepernight.AsthedayspasshowevertheamountofsleepingtimewillgraduallydecreasE.Soearnbackthatlostsleep――andfollowthedictatesofyourinnate固有的sleepneeds.You’llfeelbetter.WhenyouputawaysleepdebtyoubecomeasupermansaysStanford’sDementtalkingabouttheimprovedmentalandphysicalcapabilitiesthatcomewithbeingwellrested.51.Ifyouhaveshort―termsleepdeprivation.A.youcanthinkandrememberthingsclearlyB.youcanstillseeeverythingveryclearlyC.youcandriveyourcareasilyD.youmayhaveapoorsight52.Theexampleofsleepmathisusedtoshow.A.inwhatcaseyoubuildupasleepdebtB.whyyouneedsixhours’sleepeverynightC.whyyouarefullofenergyevenwhenyoudon’thaveenoughsleepD.youshoulddrinkcoffeetokeepenergeticwhenyoudon’thaveenoughsleep53.TheauthorbeginsParagraph3with.A.anorderB.astoryC.adefinitionD.anexample54.BysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphDementmeans.A.asupermanalwaysneedsalotofsleepB.youwillbeinagoodstatewithenoughsleepC.youcanbecomesupermanafteryourepayyourdebtD.Youwillbecomesupermanifyoudon’tmakeupforsleepdebt55.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Canyoucatchuponlostsleep?B.Howcanyoukeepenergetic?C.Canyouhaveagoodsleep?D.Whatissleepdebt?
Whydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelargeststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartshardlylosetheirpumpingpowerwithagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20---25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellsthatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittlelossofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.Thisgender性别differencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80focusingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamhasyettofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.GoldspinkstressedthatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmusclesbecomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.67.Theunderlinedwordlongevityinthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto_________.A.healthB.longlifeC.ageingD.effect68.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.men’sheartcellsB.women’sageingprocessC.thegenderdifferenceD.heartsandlonglife69.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat_________.A.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage70.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thereasonwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemalehearthasbeenfoundoutB.scientistsareonthewaytofindingoutwhythemaleheartlosesmoreofthecellsC.theteamhasdonesomethingtopreventthemalefromsufferingthegreaterlossD.womenover70couldlosemoreheartcellsthanthoseattheageof20
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