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Paparazzi, or “paps”, are photographers who take pictures of famous people when they are not at ...
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高中英语《宁夏银川市唐徕回民中学2015届高三上学期期末考试试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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Areyouaforgetfulperson?YoumightbeabletoblameyourgenesanewstudyinthejournalNeuroscienceLetterssuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBonnhaveidentifiedavariant变种ontheDRD2genethatseemstobeassociatedwithincreasedforgetfulness.EveryonehasoneoftwovariantsoftheDRD2genE.Thedifferenceisjustoneletterinthegeneticcode:SomepeoplehavethecytosineC.variantwhileothershavethethymineTvariant.Theresearcherswantedtoseehowhavingonevariantoveranotherwasassociatedwithforgetfulness.TotestthistheyanalyzedtheDRD2geneof500studyparticipantsandalsohadtheparticipantsanswersurveysabouttheirforgetfulnesssuchashowoftentheymisplacedtheirkeysorforgotnames.Mostofthestudyparticipants—threequartersofthem—hadthethyminegenevariantwhiletheotherquarterhadthecytosinegenevariant.ResearchersfoundanassociationbetweenmoreforgetfulnessproblemsandhavingthethyminegenevariantofDRD2.Meanwhilethecytosinegenevariantseemedtohaveaprotectiveeffectagainstforgetfulness.Howevertherearethingsyoucandotocompensateforforgetfulness:writingyourselfnotesorputtingyourkeysdowninaspecificlocation—andnotjustanywherestudyresearcherDr.SebastianMarkettoftheUniversityofBonnsaidinastatement.Researchhasalsosuggestedthatsomeagegroupsaremoreforgetfulthanothers.A.recentnationalsurveyshowedthatmillennialswhowerebornbetweentheearly1980sandtheearly2000sareactuallymorelikelythanseniorstobeabsent-mindedwiththingslikewhatdayoftheweekitiswheretheyputtheirkeysandrememberingtobringtheirlunch.MeanwhileanotherstudyrecentlypublishedinthejournalBMCPsychologyshowedthatmenaremorelikelythanwomentoexperienceminormemoryproblems.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheDRD2gene?A.Ithastwosimilarvariants.B.Somepeopledon’thaveit.C.Itisbadforpeople’smemory.D.Everyonehasoneofitsvariants.33.Wecaninferfromthestudythat_____.A.mostpeoplehavetheC.genevariantB.about75%ofthestudyparticipantsareforgetfulC.peoplewiththeC.genevariantaremoreforgetfulD.theTgenevarianthelpsimprovepeople’smemory34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Maleshaveabettermemorythanfemales.B.Seniorshaveapoorermemorythanyouth.C.Forgetfulnesshassomethingtodowithgenes.D.Forgetfulnesshasnothingtodowithhabits.35.Whichsectionofanewspaperisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Health.B.NaturE.C.PeoplE.D.SciencE.
Youeitherhaveitoryoudon’t---asenseofdirection.ButwhyisitthatsomepeoplecouldfindtheirwayacrosstheSaharawithoutamapwhileotherscanlosethemselvesinthenextstreet?Scientistssaywe’reallbornwithasenseofdirectionbutitisnotproperlyunderstoodhowitworks.Onetheoryisthatpeoplewithasenseofdirectionhavesimplyworkedharderatdevelopingit.ResearchbeingcarriedoutatLiverpoolUniversitysupportsthisideaandsuggeststhatifwedon’tuseitweloseit.ChildrenasyoungassevenhavetheabilitytofindtheirwayaroundsaysJimMartlandResearchChiefoftheproject.Howeveriftheyarenotallowedoutaloneoraretakeneverywherebycartheyneverdeveloptheskills.JimMartlandalsoemphasizesthatyoungpeopleshouldbetaughtcertainskillstoimprovetheirsenseofdirection.Hemakesthefollowingsuggestions:²Ifyouareusingamapturnitanditrelatestothewayyouarefacing.²IfyouleaveyourbikeinastrangeplaceputitnearsomethinglikeabigstoneoratreE.notelandmarksontherouteasyougoawayfromyourbikE.WhenyoureturngobackalongthesameroutE.²Simplifythewayoffindingyourdirectionbyusinglinessuchasstreetsinatownstreamsorwallsinthecountrysidetoguideyou.CountyourstepssothatyouknowhowfaryouhavegoneandnoteanylandmarkssuchastowerblocksorhillswhichcanhelptofindoutwhereyouarE.Nowyouneednevergetlostagain!63.Scientistsbelievethat_________.A.somebabiesarebornwithasenseofdirectionB.EverybodypossessesasenseofdirectionfrombirthC.peopleneverlosetheirsenseofdirectionD.peoplelearnasenseofdirectionastheygrowolder64.Ifyouleaveyourbikeinastrangeplaceyoushould_________.A.tieittoatreesoastopreventitfrombeingstolenB.drawamapoftheroutetohelprememberwhereitisC.remembersomethingeasilyrecognizableontherouteD.avoidtakingthesameroutewhenyoucomebacktoit65.Accordingtothepassagethebestwaytofindyourwayaroundisto_________.A.askpolicemenfordirectionsB.usewallsstreamsandstreetstoguideyourselfC.rememberyourroutebylookingoutforstepsandstairsD.countthenumberoflandmarksthatyousee
Fromthefirstuseoftherockettocarrysatellitesintospacetothesettingupofspacestationshumanbeingshavebeenputtinggreateffortintospaceresearch.Andsofarwehaveachievedmanysuccesses.Buttherearestillnumeroustasksinfrontofusandweshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress.Theinternationalspacestationisanimportantstepweshouldtakeinspaceexploration.Itisnotonlyhelpfulbutalsoessential.ItprovidesaproperspaceenvironmentformanyexperimentsthatwehavewantedtodoforalongtimE.ItisalsoabasefortheobservationsoftheearthandtheuniversE.ItcouldalsobeanimportantbaseforlatertravelstothemoonandMars.Inawordifwewanttoexplorespacemorethefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation.AsthespacestationcostsalotofmoneyitishardforonecountryalonetoestablishonE.TheUSAseemstobetheonlycountrythathastheabilitytobuildaspacestationaloneandithastriedtodosobutnotverysuccessful.Soitaggregatedmanyothercountriestoworkonittogether.ThoughitisstillextremelyexpensiveitismuchcheaperthandoingitalonE.Itisreallyajobthatneedseveryone’seffortandwillbenefiteveryonE.Butevensothefundsneededarestillabigproblem.AsfortheUSAitseemsthatithastoomanythingstospenditsmoneyon.Althoughitistherichestcountryintheworldithasmuchdebteveryyear.Ithastomakearrangementsaboutitsfinanceandtrytofindabalanceinalltheseissues.56.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbuildinganddevelopingtheinternationalspacestation?A.SupportivE.B.Doubtful.C.Critical.D.DissatisfieD.57.FromParagraph2welearnthat________.A.thenecessityofbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisnotrealizednowB.manyexperimentshavebeendoneintheinternationalspacestationC.theinternationalspacestationisnecessaryforpeopletoexplorespacemoreD.peoplehavetraveledtoMarsfromtheinternationalspacestation58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforcountries’cooperationinbuildingtheinternationalspacestation?A.Thatitrequiresalotofmoney.B.Thatitneedseveryone’seffort.C.Thatitwillbenefiteveryparticipatingcountry.D.Thatitistoofarawayfromtheearth.59.WhichofthefollowingaspectsaboutbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Difficulties.B.Cooperation.C.SignificancE.D.Specificarrangements.
Alotofpeopleareafraidspiders—eventhesmallones.Butabigtarantula鸟蛛ismuchmoreterrifyingformany.NowscientistsinSriLankahavediscoveredahugespeciesoftarantulathat’saboutthesizeofaperson’sfacE.Thefirstpartofthespider’sscientificnamePoecilotheriarajaeicomesfromtheGreekwordsforspottedpoikilosandwildbeasttherion.ItsspeciesnamerajaeicomesfromalocalpoliceofficerwhohelpedtheteamthatdiscoveredthecreaturE.Poecilotheriarajaeihas8-inchlonglegsandunusualspotscoloredgraypinkandyellow.Althoughitisverybigistherearealreasontobeafraidofone?MaybE.Thistarantulahasenoughpoisonousfluidtokillmiceandsmallbirdsandsnakes—butitsbitewouldn’tcausethedeathofmosthumans.Poecilotheriarajaeiwasfirstseenin2009whenavillagerinSriLankafoundthebodyofamaleandbroughtittoRanilNanayakkaraco-founderofSriLanka’sBiodiversityEducationandResearchorganization.Anexaminationoftheawesomecreatureprovedthatitwasatypeoftarantulascientistshadn’tseenbeforE.SoNanayakkaracarefullylookedthroughtheSriLankanforeststotrytofindmoreofthespiders.It’sstilltooearlytoknowwhetherthisspeciesisendangereD.Butresearchersfearthatthetarantulas’naturalhabitatisslowlybeingdestroyeD.TheypreferoldtreesbutduetothewidespreadremovaloftreesthenumberhasdroppedNanayakkarasaidinaninterview.Tarantulashaveeightlegsandtwobodyparts.Theyaredifferentfrominsectswhichhaveonlysixlegsbutthreebodyparts.Tarantulashavehairybodiesandareusuallylargerthanothertypesofspiders.Somespeciesoftarantulascanliveupto25years.WhilePoecilotheriarajaeiisverybigthelargesttarantulaistheGoliathbird-eaterTheraphosablondi.FoundintherainforestsofSouthAmericaitslegscanbeupto10incheslong.Butdon’tworryifyoueverseeone:Itspoisonousfluidisn’treallydangeroustohumans.39.AccordingtothetextPoecilotheriarajaei_______.A.hasuniquespotsB.ismostlyyellowC.has10-inchlonglegsD.wasfirstseenbytheGreeks40.WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytosurviveabitefromPoecilotheriarajaei?A.A.littlegirl.B.A.smallbirD.C.A.bigmousE.D.A.smallsnakE.41.ThenumberofPoecilotheriarajaeihasdroppedbecause_________.A.theglobalclimatehaschangedB.theyhavetoomanynaturalenemiesC.somepeoplearekillingthemillegallyD.moreandmoreforestsaredisappearing42.Whichsectionofanewspaperisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.LifE.B.NaturE.C.SciencE.D.Business.
Ifyouseeapersoncarelesslythrowacigarettetothegroundwhatareyoulikelytothink?IfyouhatepeoplethrowingthingsonthegroundyoumightthinkThatpersonshouldn’tlitter.IfyouareasmokeryoumightthinkIwouldsurelikeacigaretterightnow.MostlikelythoughyouarenotthinkingThatunusedcigarettebuttcouldbeusedtomakesomethingamazing!Thatisunlessyouareacreativescientist.Ifyouareyoumayseepotential—apossibility—whereotherssimplyseetrash垃圾.ThatisjustwhathashappenedinSouthKoreA.Thespiritofinventioncanhitatthestrangesttimesandinthemostunusualplaces.InSouthKoreaithappenednearatrashcan.KinGil-PyoiswiththeSeoulNationalUniversity.Hesayshesawpeoplethrowingawaycigarettebuttswhichgothimthinking.Hebeganwonderingifsomethingusefulcouldbemadefromthem.Heandotherresearchersfoundawaytoconvertcigarettebuttsintomaterialsrequiredforhigh-performancebatteries.KimGil-Pyosaystheylookedcloselyatusedcigarettefilters滤嘴thepartsofcigarettessmokersputintotheirmouths.Filtersaremadeofamaterialcalledcelluloseacetate醋酸纤维素.Mr.Kimexplainsthatcelluloseacetatecanbemadeintoanothermaterial:carbon.Thepiecesofcelluloseacetateknownasfibersarechangedthroughaone-stepburningprocess.Afterthistheyareturnedintoanenergystoragematerial.Butwhyusecarbon?Carbonhasmanyqualitiesthatseemtomakeittheperfectmaterial.CarbonhasahighsurfaceareA.Itconductselectricitywell.ItalsostaysstableunlikelytochangeforalongtimE.Andcarbondoesnotcostalot.Allthesequalitiesmakeitthemostpopularmaterialformakingsuper-capacitors超级电容器.Super-capacitorsaregoodatstoringenergy.Theyhavehigh-powermassordensity密度.Theyrequireonlyashorttimeforrecharging.AndtheyhavealonglifecyclE.Super-capacitorsareusedinproductssuchaslaptopcomputersandcellphones.Theyarealsousedinindustrialenergyconverterslikewindturbinemachines.Combiningcarbonandsuper-capacitorsseemslikeaperfectmarriagE.KimGil-PyotellstheReutersNewsAgencythatcigarettebuttscouldaffecttheeconomyisahugeway.Theycouldprovetobealow-costsourceofcarbonmaterial.TheyaresocheapthatsmokersthrowthemtothegrounD.Andyoudon’tgetmuchcheaperthanthat.32.Whatmaypeoplethinkseeingapersonthrowacigarettetotheground?A.Thatalldepends.B.HeshouldbeblameD.C.ItcausesthemtosmokE.D.ThebuttscanbereuseD.33.Filterscanbemadeintoamaterialthat.A.isusedasthebatterysurfaceB.canbeturnedintoelectricityC.isveryeasyandcostsnothingD.canholdelectricityenergywell34.Super-capacitorsmadefromcarbon.A.needquitealongtimetorechargeB.arecomparativelyveryexpensiveC.caneasilycarryanelectricalcurrentD.cansavealargequantityofelectricity35.Thestorytellsthereadersthetruththat.A.wherethereisawillthereisawayB.themostuselessisusuallythemostusefulC.ideasusuallyhitatthemostunusualplacesD.oneperson’strashisanotherperson’streasure
ArapidlyadvancingcontemporarysciencethatishighlydependentonnewtoolsisEarthsystemsciencE.EarthsystemscienceinvolvesobservationandmeasurementsontheEarthatallscalesfromthelargesttothesmallest.ThehugeamountsofdatathataregatheredcomefrommanydifferentlocationsandrequirespecialtechniquesforhandlingdatA.ImportantnewtoolsthatfacilitateEarthsystemscienceincludesatelliteremotesensingsmalldeep-seasubmarinesandgeographicinformationsystems.MorethananyotherwayofgatheringevidencesatelliteobservationscontinuallyremindusthateachpartoftheEarthinteractswithandisdependentonallotherparts.EarthsystemsciencewasbornfromtherealizationofthatinterdependencE.SatelliteremotesensingmakespossibleobservationsatlargescalesandinmanycasesmeasurementsoffactorsthatcouldnototherwisebemeasureD.ForexampletheozoneholeoverAntarctica--thedecreaseintheconcentrationofozonehighintheatmosphere--ismeasuredbyremotesensingasarechangesindesertsforestsandfarmlandsaroundtheworlD.SuchmeasurementscanbeusedinmanyareasofspecializationbesidesEarthsystemsciencE.ArchaeologyforexamplehasbenefitedfromsatelliteobservationsthatrevealthetracesofancienttraderoutesacrosstheArabianDesert.NewtoolsforexploringpreviouslyinaccessibleareasoftheEarthhavealsoaddedgreatlytoourknowledgeoftheEarthsystem.Smalldeep-seasubmarinesallowscientiststotraveltothedepthsoftheocean.Theretheyhavediscoverednewspeciesandecosystemsthrivingneardeep-seaventsthatemitheatsassesandmineral-richwater.JustasimportantasnewmethodsofmeasurementandexplorationarenewwaystostoreandanalyzedataabouttheEarthsystem.Computer-basedsoftwareprogramsknownasgeographicinformationsystemsorGISallowalargenumberofdatapointstobestoredalongwiththeirlocations.Thesecanbeusedtoproducemapsandtocomparedifferentsetsofinformationgatheredatdifferenttimes.Forexamplesatelliteremotesensingimagesofaforestcanbeconvertedtorepresentstagesintheforest'sgrowth.TwosuchimagesmadeatdifferenttimescanbeoverlaidandcomparedandthechangesthathavetakenplacecanberepresentedinanewimagE.74.ThewordfacilitateinParagraphIisclosestinmeaningto________.A.enableB.requireC.organizeD.examine75.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthatsatelliteobservationsareespeciallyeffectivein________.A.conductingscientificstudiesoflifeontheoceanfloorB.predictingfutureclimatechangesC.providingdatatodetermineEarth'sageD.demonstratinginteractionsamongallofEarth'sparts76.AccordingtothepassagesatelliteobservationsoftheArabianDesertallowarchaeologiststoknow________.A..indicationsofancientroutesB.evidenceofformerlakesC.tracesofearlyfarmsD.remainsofancientforests77.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.specialtechniquesareneededtoclassifythehugeamountsofdataaboutEarth.B.NewtoolsprovideinformationaboutEarththatwasonceimpossibletoobtain.C.AdvancesinEarthsystemsciencehaveresolvedmanyenvironmentalproblems.D.Satelliteremotesensingcanshowchangesbetweentwoimagestakenyearsapart.
ADDISABABAEthiopia—Oneoftheworld'smostfamousfossils化石—the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton骨骼unearthedinEthiopiain1974—willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStatesofficialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwicE.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapitalAddisAbabaisareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.A.teamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHoustonTexasspentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tourwhichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.Ethiopia’srichcultureofboththepastandtodayisoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworldsaidJoelBartschdirectoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashingtonNewYorkDenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotbeenworkedout.TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.LucyhernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscoveryispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3.5-foot-tallape-man猿人.29.WhatdothewordsareplicainParagraph2referto?A.A.paintingoftheskeleton.B.A.photographofLucyC.A.copyoftheskeleton.D.A.writtenrecordofLucy.30.HowmanycitieshasLucy’sU.S.tourplanalreadyincluded?A.Four.B.FivE.C.Six.D.Eleven.31.Whatwastheskeletonnamedafter?A.Anape-man.B.A.song.C.A.singer.D.A.camp.
Cheaterscalledpiratesoftenusecamcorders便携式摄像机andcellphonestomakeillegalcopiesofblockbusters大片inthelocaltheater.ThesepiratesthensellthoserecordingsonthestreetorovertheInternetforverylowprices.SomesharethemforfreE.It’sunfairforpeopletopiratemoviessays15-year-oldHadaiaAzadEzzulddin.Moviepiracytakesmoneyoutofthepocketsofthousandsofpeopleinthemovieindustryshenotes.Victimsincludefamousactorsanddirectorsaswellaslocaltheaterownersandtheiremployees.Hadaiacameupwithanideathatcouldhelpstopmoviepiracy.Hadaia’sideausesinfrared红外线的light.ThisrangeoflightisinvisibletothehumaneyE.Itisvisiblehowevertomanytypesofcameras.Theaterownerscouldplacesmallinfraredlightsontheirmoviescreens.ThelightswouldnotdisturbpeoplewatchingthemoviE.Itwouldhoweverdistorttherecordingsmadebymanytypesofcameras.TotestherideaHadaiabuiltaboxwithamoviescreeninsidE.Thensheprojectedimagesonthatscreenthroughaholeinthebox.Shetookrecordingsofthoseimagesusingninedifferenttypesofcameras.Theseincludedthetypesfoundincellphonesaswellascamcorders.Duringsometestsshealsoturnedonlightemittingdiodes发光二极管orLEDs.TheLEDswereembedded植入的inacertainplacebehindthemoviescreen.Theygaveoutinfraredlight.SureenoughsheshowedapiratedmovieincludedoddstripesorspotsifithadbeenrecordedwhiletheLEDswereon.ItmightbepossibletousetheLEDstoflashthedateandtimeonthemoviescreen.Theinformationwouldthenappearintheillegalrecordings.Theaterownersorpolicemightusetheinformationtotrackdownthepirates.Cuttingdownonpiracymightgetmorepeopleintotheaterstowatchtherealmovieinsteadofanillegalcopy.Sixoutofeverytenfilmsnowproducedaren’tprofitablE.Theydon’tmakeenoughmoneytorecoverhowmuchwasspenttomakeandmarketthem.Suchapoorpaybackcandiscouragefilmmakersfromproducinganythingbutthetypesexpectedtobecomeblockbusterhits.Itmightalsokeepsmallertheatersfromshowingawidervarietyofmovietypes.32.FromwhatHadaiasaysinParagraph2wecaninferthat_______.A.shestronglycriticizesthosewhovideomoviesinthetheaterB.thepiratesdon’thavetopayforthemovieticketsC.theaterownerswillincreasethepriceofmovieticketsD.mostpeoplespendlessmoneyonpiratesmoves33.Infraredlightsareputonthemoviescreensto_______.A.adjustthebrightnessofthemoviescreensB.makesuretheimagesofmoviesaredarkC.makeillegalcopiesofmoviesunpleasanttoseeD.protecttheeyesightofviewersinthedarkness34.WhatisthecorrectorderofthestepsinHadaia’stest?A.Sheprojectedpicturesonthescreen.B.Sheusedcamerastorecordthepictures.C.SheturnedontheLEDsplacedbehindthescreen.D.ShemadeaspecialboxwithamoviescreeninsidE.A.bacdB.bcadC.dbacD.dcab35.Accordingtothelastparagraphwecanknowthat_______.A.smalltheatersoftenchoosetoshowlow-costmoviesB.fortypercentofmoviesnowareprofitableC.moreandmorepeoplegototheaterstofightmoviepiracyD.filmmakersprefertoproduceordinarymoviesthanblockbusters
Theyarethelittlesweetieswholookprettycuteinaphotoorwhensleeping—butalotlessappealingat30000ftcryingloudlyintheseatrightnexttoyou.AccordingtoanewsurveyalmostsevenintenBritonsdislikeflyingwithbabiessomuchthattheywouldliketoseechild-freeareasintroducedonplanes.Asforlong-distanceflightswherepeoplewanttosleepalmostoneinfourBritishtravelersbelievesthatno-kid-zonesshouldbefixedasrequiredsections.ThesurveywasconductedbybookingswebsiteLateDeals.co.ukwith1108UKconsumersquestionedastowhattheyhatemostaboutairtravel.Andourdislikeofnoisychildrenandbabiesonplanesrunsdeepitseems.Morethanathirdofus—35percent—wouldpayextratotravelonachildlessservice.Long-distancepassengerswouldbepreparedtopayanadditional￡63tothecostofareturnticketifitmeantadultsonlyonboard.Andonshort-distanceflightsanextra￡28onthepriceofareturnfarewouldbeconsideredgoodvalueifitguaranteedanabsenceofangrybabiesinthemiddleoftheeconomy-classaisle走道.HoweverscreamingbabiesarenottheonlysourceofannoyanceforBritishtravelers.Infactaccordingtotheresearchonthemostannoyingtypesofairlinepassengersacryingbabyranksasonlythefourth.Overhalfofthosesurveyed—58percent—selecteddrunktravellersastheirpetpeeves令人反感的事或物.Peoplewithbadpersonalhygiene卫生andtravellerswhokickthebackoftheseatinfrontwerealsonearthetopofthelistcausingangerto48and47per-centofusrespectively分别地.Cryingbabiescameinatfourthonthelistapetpeevefor43percentofthosesurveyed.28.Britonsdislikeflyingwithbabiesbecausethey_________.A.maketoomuchnoiseB.getangryeasilyC.sleeprightnexttothemD.stayintheeconomy-classaisle29.HowmanyBritishtravellerssurveyedwouldliketohaveno-kid-zonesonplanes?A.About35％.B.About43％.C.About70％.D.About58％.30.WhatkindofpassengersismostdislikedbyBritishairlinetravellers?A.Thecryingbabiesonaflight.B.Peoplewithbadpersonalhygiene.C.Thosewhohavedrunktoomuchalcohol.D.Thosewhokickthebackoftheseatinfront.31.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.A.brochurE.B.A.touristguidE.C.Anannouncement.D.A.newsreport.
Long-timeexposuretoairpollutioncanleadtophysicalchangesinthebrainandcausetroubleinlearningandmemoryandevenanxiety.ThisissuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearchonmicE.Whileotherstudieshaveshowntheharmfuleffectsofpollutedaironthelungsandheartthisisthefirsttoshowthenegativeeffectonthebrain.TheteamofLauraFonkenRandyNelsonfromtheOhioStateUniversityU.S.A.hasspreadtothebrainapreviouslineofresearchwhichfoundthatfineparticulate微粒matterfloatingintheairmainlybecauseofairpollutioncausedbyhumanscausesswellinginmuchofthebodyandmayberelatedtohighbloodpressureproblemsandsomeotherdiseases.IntheresearchFonkenandhiscolleaguesexposedmicetopollutedairforsixhourseachdayfivedaysaweekoveraperiodof10monthsalmosthalftheaveragelifelengthofmicE.Pollutedaircontainsfineparticlescreatedbycarsfactoriesandnaturaldust.Fineparticlesofthiskindaretinyabout2.5micrometersindiameteroraboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseparticlescangodeepintolungsandotherorgans.Theconcentrationofthisparticulatematerialtowhichtheyexposedmiceisequaltotheconcentrationatwhichpeoplecanbeexposedinsomepollutedurbanareas.Afteraperiodof10monthstheresearchersgottheanimalstohaveaseriesofbehavioraltests.Boththebehaviorofmiceandtheresultsofneurological神经的testsdonetothemshowthatthosewithinthepollutedairhadmoreproblemsinlearningandmemoryandhigherlevelsofanxiety.Theresultssuggestthatlong-timeexposuretopollutedaircanhavemeasurablenegativeeffectsonthehumanbrainandcancauseavarietyofmentalhealthproblems.Thiscouldhaveimportantconsequencesforthoselivingandworkinginpollutedurbanareas.25.Theresultsofnewresearchonmicefirstsuggestthatpollutedairmainlydoesharmto.A.normalorgansB.lungsandheartC.mentalhealthD.bloodpressure26.Whatharmfuleffectofpollutedairismentionedinotherstudies?A.Theharmfuleffectonlearning.B.Theharmfuleffectonalltheorgans.C.Theharmfuleffectonlungsandheart.D.Theharmfuleffectonimprovingmemory.27.ThebadeffectsoftinyparticlesinpollutedairarethoseEXCEPT.A.highbloodpressureproblemsB.makinghumanhairthinnerC.differentkindsofdiseasesD.swellinginmuchofthebody28.Fromthelastsentencewecaninferthatpeoplelivinginpollutedurbanareas.A.arelikelytosufferfrommentalproblemsB.canmeasurethenegativeeffectonthemC.showlittleconcernforairpollutionD.canbeexposedtopollutedairlonger29.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Long-timeExposuretoAirPollutionB.EvidenceandConcernofAirPollutionC.MeasurableEffectonHumanBrainD.MentalProblemsCausedbyAirPollution
Whenanicecubemeltsitcreatesapuddle水坑.Whenanicesheet冰盖meltsitraisessealevels.ItsoundssimplebutscientistshavedebatedfordecadeswhetherboththeAntarcticandGreenlandicesheetsactuallywereshrinkingandhowmuchthatmeltingcontributedtorisingsealevels.NowanewstudyhasprovidedthebestevidenceofhowthepolaricesheetsarerespondingtoourwarmingworlD.Inthestudy.aninternationalteamofscientistslookedat20yearsof'dataintheicesheetscollectedby10satellitemissions.Theteam'sconclusion:TheGreenlandandAntarcticicesheetsbotharelosingiceoverall.Theresearchersalsofoundthatbetween1992and2011meltwaterfromthoseshrinkingicesheetscausedsealevelstorisebyabout11millimeters.Overthe19yearsstudiedtheGreenlandicesheetlost2.7trillionmetrictonsoficE.TheAntarcticicesheetalsoshrankbyaboutl.3trillionmetrictons.PreviouslysomescientistsdisagreedwhethertheAntarcticsheetthelargestmassoficeintheworldwasshrinkingorgrowingorneither.WhiletheEarthiswarmingoveralltheeffectofclimatechangevariesfromregiontoregion.Overthelast15yearsforexamplescientistshavesomethingdisagreedoverhowclimatechangehasaffectedthepolaricesheets.Manystudiesfoundthatthesheetslostalotofice-andthatnotenoughsnowfellonthesheetstocompensatefortheloss.Butotherstudiesfoundthatthelossoficewasbalancedbythegaininsnowfall.RichardAlleyaglacierscientistatPennStateUniversitysaidthatmanyofthosestudieslookedatdifferentareasandoverdifferenttimeperiods.Inadditionthestudiesdidn'tallusethesatellitedatainthesameway.Thosedifferencesmadeitdifficulttocomparetheresults.Thedatainthenewstudymatchedtimeperiodsandareas.Thestudyalsocombinedmeasurementsfromkindsofsatellites.32.Whydoestheauthoruseacommon-sensephenomenonasthebeginning?A.Topresentthereasonforicesheetmelting.B.Toshowustheresultofascientificexperiment.C.TogiveasimpleexampletointroducethetopiC.D.Topresentacommondailyfindingobvioustothereaders.33.Theresearchersreachedtheirconclusionby_____.A.analyzingthefindingsofformerstudiesB.observingtheAntarcticandGreenlandC.referringtothedatafromsatellitesD.makingmeasurementsintheAntarcticandGreenland34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasecompensateforinparagraph4referto?A.Cutdown.B.Leadto.C.Bringabout.D.Makeupfor.35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebestconclusionforthepassage?A.Icesheetsareshrinkingduetoglobalwarming.B.PeoplearesufferingfromclimatechangE.C.Risingsealevelsmakespeopleliveindanger.D.Shrinkingicehasnothingtodowithsealevels.
Thenewyearhasbegunandsomepeoplemaybelookingto2015astheyeartheygetadog.A.furryfriendwillbringalotoffunandcompanionshiptoyourfamily—especiallyforurbanresidentswhoalwaysfeellonelylivinginthefast-pacedsociety.Butlookingafterapetdoesrequiresomeresponsibilityfromthepetownerifyouwantyournewfriendtobehealthyandhappyinyourfamily.Thefollowingisachecklistforpeoplewhoareconsideringadoptingananimal.WheretofindadogTherearehundredsofpetshopsinShanghaibigandsmallwhereyoucanfindpuppiesatacostrangingfromafewhundredtotensofthousandsofyuan.ThepetshopwilltellyousomebasicfactsaboutdogsofaspecificbreeD.Butdon'tforgettoaskaboutthevaccinationstatusifyouarebuyingapuppywhichneedsthreeinjectionswithanintervalofthreetofourweeksbetweenshots.Anotheroptionistoaskyourfriendsiftheyknowanyonewithadogthathasrecentlyhadpuppies.Thisoptionismorereliablethanbuyingapuppyfromsomeoneyoudon’tknowespeciallythestreetpeddlerswhomightcarryanimalswithdiseases.AnotherhighlyrecommendedoptionistoadoptonefromanNGOdedicatedtoprovidingshelterandprotectingstrayanimals.Thisisquitepracticalifyoudon'tcareaboutthedog'sbreeD.Vaccination疫苗AsapetownertherearesomethingsyoumustdootherwiseyoumaygetintobigtroubleandoneoftheseisgettingyourdogvaccinateD.Dogsneedregularshotstofightagainstcanineparvovirus犬细小病毒rabiesandotherdiseasesorviruses.Toensurethevaccinesarenotsubstandardwestronglyrecommendyougetyourfurryfriendashotfromaqualifiedvetwhichmaycostafewhundredyuaneachyear.AnotheradvantageofusingthevetasopposedtogettingyourdogvaccinatedyourselfisthatthevetwillexamineitsconditiontoseewhetheritissuitabletogetashotnowandtakeimmediateactionifithasanallergicreactiontothevaccinE.Becauseyouareadvisednottogiveyouranimalabathforoneweekfollowingitsvaccinationyoushouldcleanyouranimaloneortwodaysbeforetheshotifyoudon’twantyourdogtogettoodirty.Parasite寄生虫protectionAsapetowneryouneedtobepreparedtogetridoffleas跳蚤heartworm犬心虫roundworm蛔虫intestinalwormsandotherparasitesfromyourdog.DogsneedregularfleaandtickcontrolandparasiteprotectionevenifitdoesnotshowsymptomsofbeingaffectedbytheparasitE.AnadultdogneedstobefedwithatableteverysixmonthstomakesureitdoesnothaveanyparasitE.Youalsoneedtotakemeasureseverythreemonthstohelpexpelfleasandticksfromyouranimal.Youneedtolearnthesignsofafleabite:theymayimmediatelycauseadogtofeelextremelyitchy.Within30minutesofabitetheymaydeveloparedbump.Secondaryinfectionscausedbyscratchingarealsocommon.DogtrainingNodogisbornwithgoodmanners.Poopingonthecarpetleapingenthusiasticallyontoguestspullingsohardthatitpracticallyyanksyourarmoutofthesocketwhenonwalks—that’sallperfectlyacceptableinthecanineworlD.It'suptoyoutoteachyourdogtobehavethewayhumanswantitto.Despitetheadage谚语格言aboutolddogsandnewtrickstherearenoagelimitstoteachingdogs.Andwhetheryou'vegotabrand-newpuppyoranolderdogthefirststepisthesame:learnhowtobeagoodteacher.Everydogisdifferentandwillrespondbettertoaslightlydifferenttrainingstylebutthesegeneralguidelinesapply:stayconsistentandpatientandrewardyourdogforgettingitright.8.Theunderlinedwordvetmeans____________.A.asurgeonB.aphysicianC.adentistD.adoctorwhotreatsanimals9.Accordingtothearticlehowmanyaspectsshouldapetownerpayattentionto?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five10.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisFALSE?A.Adogcanbringmuchfunandcompanionshiptoyourfamily—especiallyforurbanresidentswhoalwaysfeellonelylivinginthefast-pacedsociety.B.Asapetowneritisunnecessaryforyoutobepreparedtogetridoffleas.C.It'suptoyoutoteachyourdogtobehavethewayhumanswantitto.D.Aftergettingadogthefirststepforitsowneristobeagoodteacher.
Becarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmorethanyouthink.AbordercollienamedRicorecognizesthenamesofabout200objectssayresearchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa3-year-oldchilD.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee黑猩猩.Inoneexperimenttheresearcherstookall200itemsthatRicoissupposedtoknowanddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoandfetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.InfourtestsRicogot37outof40commandsright.Asthedogcouldn'tseeanyonetogetcluesthescientistsbelieveRicomustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.InanotherexperimentthescientiststookonetoythatRicohadneverseenbeforeandputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.TheownerthentoldRicotofetchtheobjectusingawordthedoghadneverheardbeforE.Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0testssuggestingthatthedoghadworkedouttheanswerbyprocessofelimination排除法.A.monthlaterRicorememberedhalfofthenewnameswhichisevenmoreimpressivE.Ricoisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.ForonethingRicoisabordercollieabreed品种knownforitsmentalabilities.Inadditionthe9-year-olddoghasbeentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnamessincetheageofninemonths.It'shardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Eveniftheydotheycan'ttalkback.Stillitwouldn'thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabigwetkissinreturn!68.Fromparagraph2weknowthat__.A.animalsareascleverashumanbeingsB.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzeesC.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskillsD.dogshavesimilar'learningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren69.Bothexperimentsshowthat.A.RicoissmartenoughtogetallcommandsrightB.RicocanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoysC.RicohasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematicsD.Ricowon'tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem70.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thepurposeoftheexperimentsistoshowthebordercollie'smentalabilities.B.Ricohasabettermemorypartlybecauseofitsproperearlytraining.C.Thebordercollieisworld-famousforrecognizingobjects.D.Ricoisborntounderstanditsowner'scommands.71.Whichmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Dodogsunderstandus?B.Doesyourdogunderstandyou?C.Becarefulwithdogs.D.Befriendlytoyourdog.
Shouldpeoplewhostudyscienceandbusinesspaylessforcollegethanpeoplewhofocusonartandhistory?ThatmaysoonbethecaseatFlorida’sstateuniversities.IntougheconomictimesFloridagovernorRickScottwantstoleadcollegestudentstowardcareersthatwillpayoffaftergraduation.TherearemorejobsavailableinFloridainthefieldsofbusinessengineeringhealthcarescienceandtechnology.Sowhynotencouragestudentstofocusonthesehigh-demandsubjectsbycharginglesstuitionforthem?WeassumestudentsgotocollegebecausetheywanttofindjobsDaleBrilltoldTFK.Heistheheadofagroupofbusinesspeopleeducatorsandlawmakerswhomadetherecommendationtothegovernortokeeptuitionlowforjob-friendlyareasofacademicstudycalledmajors.Weallsharethegoalofstudentsgettingjobsandbeingproductivecitizens.Somemajorsaremorevaluablethanothers.Supportersoftheplansayitbenefitsstudentsthestateanduniversities.Morestudentswillchoosethesehigh-demandmajorsandgetjobsaftergraduation.Thestatewillgainaneducatedworkforcethatisqualifiedtofillopenjobs.UniversitiesthatcanshowthattheirgraduatesaregettingjobswillqualifyformorefundingfromthestatE.Butcriticsoftheplansayit’sunfairtoloadhumanitiesmajors—thosewhostudyliteraturephilosophyhistoryandart—withdebtwhilekeepingtuitionlowforso-calledhigh-demandmajorsinbusinessandsciencE.InfactuniversityprofessorswrotealettertoGovernorScottarguingthatcompanieshaveaneedforhumanitiesmajorswithsuperioranalyticalcriticalthinkingandcommunicationskills.Theletteralsowarnsthatifstudentsmajoringinhistoryandotherhumanitiessubjectsareforcedtopayhighertuitiontheymaysimplychoosetoattenduniversitiesinotherstates.StillothersarguethattheplansetsstudentsupforfailurE.StudentsshouldchoosemajorsbasedontheirinterestsskillsandtalentsratherthanonwhatjobsareavailableatanygiventimE.Thosewhochoosemajorsbecausetheyareinterestedinaparticularfieldofstudy—whetheritisengineeringartorliterature—willbemoresuccessfulandsatisfiedintheircareers.41.RickScottwantstochargesciencestudentslesstuitionbecause___________.A.ItcanattractmorestudentstolearnsciencE.B.Sciencesubjectsaresohardtolearn.C.Thesciencestudentscan’taffordtheexpensivetuition.D.Sciencesubjectsaremorevaluablethanhumanitiesmajors.42.Inthesupporters’eyeshowwilluniversitiesbenefitfromtheplan?A.Theywilltakeinmorestudents.B.Theywillgetmoremoneyfromthegovernment.C.Theywilleducatemorequalifiedgraduates.D.Theywillbecomemorefamous.43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhypeopleareagainsttheplan?A.It’sunfairtothehumanitiesstudents.B.Collegestudents’majorsshouldbebasedoninterestsskillsandgifts.C.Theplanmaymisleadstudentstochoosewrongmajors.D.Thestatewilltaketooheavyaburden.44.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Floridahascarriedoutthepolicytochargesciencestudentslesstuition.B.SciencemajorshavegreatadvantagesoverhumanitiesmajorsC.Floridaneedsmoregraduatesfromsciencesubjects.D.Studentsshouldchoosetheirmajorsaccordingtojobopportunities.45.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LesstuitionforsciencestudentsinFloridA.B.Shouldcollegebecheaperforsciencestudents?C.Differentpeopledifferentideas.D.Whyisitcheaperforcollegesciencestudents?
Coralreefs珊瑚礁arenotjustbeautifultolookatbutalsoveryuseful.Theyshelternearly25％ofoceanlifeandprovidefoodforbillionsofpeople.Howeverlikemanyotherspeciesthisamazingecosystem生态系统isindangerofdyingout!Therearetwomainreasonsforthedestruction—therisingcarbondioxidelevelscausedbyglobalwarmingaswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.Whilenotmuchcanbedoneabouttheformerthelosscausedbythelattercanbereduced.Bottomoperationinvolvesdroppingnetstotheoceanbedandthendraggingthemupwhenfilledwithfish.Thisactiondamagedtheoceanfloorcausingthecoralbranchestoseparatefromthereefs.Whilethatisverydiscouragingthegoodnewsisthatifthesebranchesarefoundquicklytheycanbesaved.Atpresentthatworkisbeingperformedbyvolunteerdivers.Butthemethodhasonlylimitedsuccessbecausetheycannotstaylongunderwaternorreachdepthsofover200meterswheresomeofthedeep-seacoralgrows.HoweverthisisnotthecaseforCoralbots—therobotsthatcanconstantlyseekoutbrokenbranches.Ateamof‘coralbots’eachindividuallyworkingtosimpleruleswillpiecetogetherdamagedbitsofcoralallowingthemtoregrow.Theyareprogrammedtobeabletodistinguishbetweenotherthingsandthecoral.Therobotsworktogetheringroupssimilartobees.Ifonecoralbotisdamagedthentheotherswillstillbeabletocompletethetask.DrLea-AnneHenrysaidTheprojectofusingcoralbotsoffersusthepossibilitytorestore修复thefunctionofreefs.Itisinthefinalstageoftesting.OncereadytheresearchershopetobuildhundredsofthemandusethemeffectivelyinthewatersoffScotlandandthenhopefullyintheoceansacrosstheworld.24.Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedangerthatcoralreefsarefacing?A.Theappearanceofnewcreatures.B.Theseriouslypollutedseawater.C.Theactivitiesofvolunteerdivers.D.Humanactivitieslikebottomoperation.25.Comparedwithvolunteerdiverscoralbots______________.A.canstaylongerunderwaterB.mustworkasbeesdoC.candistinguishwhatiscoralD.canneverbedamaged26.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthelastparagraphreferto?A.Coralbots.B.Brokenbranches.C.Workingbees.D.Bitsofcoral.27.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______________.A.bottomoperationhasaffectedmostunderwatercreaturesB.brokenbranchesofcoralcanregrowifsavedintimeC.hundredsofthecoralbotshaveworkedwellintheoceansD.withthecoralbotsalldamagedcoralreefscanberestored
A.studyofmorethanfivemillionbooksbothfictionandnon-fictionhasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewerafacilityforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbookstosearchformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedasrepresentingangerdislikefearjoysadnessandsurprise.Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthesemoodwordsovertime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.ItisasteadyandcontinuousdecreasesaidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliteratureinacrowdedmedialandscape.Onethingcouldbethatinparalleltobooksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia—moviesradiodramahadmoreemotionalcontentthanbooks.AlthoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrendtheresearchpublishedinthejournalPLOSOnefoundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehaviourtheratio比率betweenthetwovariedgreatlyapparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedapeakthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.ButtheratioplungedattheheightoftheSecondWorldWar.Neverthelesstheresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepapertheyevenarguethatthereversecouldbetrue.Ithasbeensuggestedforexamplethatitwasthesuppression压抑ofdesireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandforwriting‘filledwithromanceandsex’perhapstheyconcludesongsandbooksmaynotreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalkmodelsreflecttheaveragebody.25.Theworddeclineparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.increaseB.riseC.decreaseD.change26.Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooksindicatedadecreaseinmoodwordsovertimeexcept_______.A.intheuseofthewordsofhistoricaleventsB.inthecategoryoffearC.inthecategoryofliteratureD.inthecategoryofjoy27.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyofemotionalwords.B.Astudyaboutvocabularyinliterature.C.Reasonsfortheuseofemotionalwordsdecreasesinliterature.D.Astudyonincreaseinthecategoryoffear.
Canyousmelltwothingsatonce?ThisexperimentcomesfromtheresearchoftwoscientistsfromRiceUniversity.DeniseChenandWenZhouhavebeenexperimentingwiththescienceofsmellandhavemadesomeveryinterestingdiscoveries.ToexplorethatyouwillneedtwothingswithstrongcharacteristicsmellsandofcourseyournosE.Theideaistosmelladifferentsmellwitheachnostril鼻孔.Holdonesmellveryclosetoyourrightnostrilandtheothersmellveryclosetoyourleftnostril.Thenbreatheinandpaycloseattentiontowhatyousmell.Whatyoushouldfindisthatonesmellwillbeverystrong.Afteranothersniff嗅ortwothefirstsmellwillgoawayandyouwillsmelltheothersmell.Keepsniffingandthefirstsmellwillcomeback.Insteadofsmellingthetwosmellsevenly均匀地mixedtheywillworkinturnsoneaftertheother.Why?ChenandZhoufoundthatyoursenseofsmellactsmuchlikeyoursenseofsight.Holdabookinfrontofyournosesothatyourlefteyeseesthingsontheleftsideofthebookandyourrighteyeseesthingsontherightsideofthebook.YouwillfindthatyoursightworksinturnsfirstontheleftsideofthebookandthenontherightsidE.Noticethatyoucan’tfocusyourlefteyeononeobjectwhilefocusingyourrighteyeonanotherobject.Yourbrainjumpsbackandforth来回地payingattentiontooneandthentheother.Thesamethinghappenswithyournostrils.Iftheyaresmellingdifferentsmellsyourbrainpaysattentiontooneandthentheother.29.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheexperiment?A.B..C.D.30.DeniseChenandWenZhoudiscoveredthat______.A.ourbrainfocusesononethingatatimeB.ourtwonostrilsactdifferentlytowardsthesamesmellC.ournosepreferstosmellstrongersmellsD.oursenseofsmellisconnectedwithoursenseofsight31.Thelastparagraphisdevelopedby______.A.givingexamplesB.makingacomparisonC.tellingastoryD.showingtheresults32.Themainpurposeofthetextisto______.A.reportanimportanteventB.describeascientificexperimentC.studyhowthesenseofsightworksD.introducetwoscientistsfromRiceUniversity
Everythinglivingoneartheachplantandanimalneedsotherlivingthings.NothinglivesalonE.MostanimalsmustliveinagroupandevenatreeoraplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekinD.Sometimesonelivingthinghuntsanotheroneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertoliveandtogethertheyformafoodchain.SomefoodchainsaresimpleothersarecomplicateD.Butallhavetwothingsincommon:allfoodchainsbeganwiththesunandallfoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.Alllifedependsonenergyfromsunlight.Onlyplantscanusethisenergydirectly.Theirleavesarelittlefactoriesthatusesunlighttomakefoodfromwaterandthingsinthesoilandair.Plantsinturnfeedallotherlivingthings.Animalscanonlyusethesun’senergyafterithasbeenchangedintofoodbyplants.Someanimalsfeeddirectlyonplantsotherseatsmalleranimals.Meat-eatinganimalsareonlyeatingplantsindirectly.Whatabouthumanbeings?Wearemembersofmanyfoodchains.Weeatwheatricevegetablesfruitandsoon.Wealsoeatmeatanddrinkmilk.Thismeansthesun’senergypassesthroughplanttoanimalbeforeitreachesus.Natureisagreatthing.AnyfoodchainalwaysproducesenoughforeachofitsmembersifitisleftalonE.Whenthereisn’tenoughfoodforanylinkinthechainsomeofitsmembersdieoff.Sothebalanceisalwayskept.Butmenoftenbreakupthefoodchainanddogreatharmnotonlytooneplantoranimalbutalsotoallthelinksinthechain.Peoplemakeseasandriversdirty.Theydestroywholeforestsandkillmanykindsofwildanimalsandbirds.Whenariverbecomesdirtythefishcannotbeeaten.Meneatthefishandgetstrangediseases.Insomeplacesmenhavenofishtoeatanymorebecausethefishhavediedoff.Eachformoflifeislinkedtoallothers.Breakingthelinksputsalllifeindanger.32.Howdoallfoodchainsbreak?Allfoodchainsarebrokenif_________.A.onekindofanimaliseatenupB.onekindofplantisdestroyedC.onekindofanimaleatsanotherD.oneofthelinksisdestroyed33.Howisfoodforplantsmade?Foodforplantsismade_______.A.fromwaterB.fromtheairintheskyC.formthesoilD.fromwaterthingsinthesoilandairsunlight34.Whichlivingthingscanuseenergydirectly?A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.BothanimalsandplantsD.Alllivingthings35.Whyisalllifeindanger?Because_______breakupthefoodchains.A.humanbeingsB.animalsC.plantsandanimalsD.manandwildanimals
Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?WecanonlymakeguessesofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistodayformanisslowlychangingallthetimE.LetustakeanobviousexamplE.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisrelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain’scapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetotheheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.NowadaysoureyesareinconstantusE.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman’seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.AtthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlifE.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.InthefuturethenbothsexesarelikelytobebalD.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!ThismaywellbetruE.Allthesameinspiteofallthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.32.Whichofthefollowingservesastheevidencethatmanischanging?A.Man’shairisgettingthinnerandthinner.B.ManhasgotstrongereyesnowthanheeverhaD.C.Manhasbeengrowingtalleroverthepast500years.D.Man’sarmsandlegshavebecomelighterandweaker.33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Hethinksandfeelsinadifferentway.B.Hehassmallereyesandwearsbetterglasses.C.Heishairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.D.Hisfingersgrowweakerbecausehedoesn’tusethem.34.Thechangeinman’ssizeofforeheadisprobablybecause__________.A.hemakesuseofonly20%ofthebrain’scapacityB.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowindue预定的timeC.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson35.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat________________.A.man’slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.futuremanwilllookquitedifferentfromusC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.thefunctionsofman’sorganswillfunctionaswellastoday
Bigcatshaveexistedontheearthformillionsofyearsthoughscientistsaren’tsureexactlyhowlong.Butanewstudyindicatesthataskull颅骨ofasnowleopard豹relativethatwasrecentlyunearthedis4.4millionyearsold.Thatmakesittheoldestbigcatfossil化石everfound.A.teamofUSandChinesescientistsunearthedtheskullinTibet.ThiscreatureisnotadirectancestortobigcatsbutitiscloselyrelatedtothesnowleopardstudyleaderJackTsengtoldtheAssociatedPress.ThefossillendsevidencetothebeliefthatbigcatsexistedinAsiaandspreadoutfromthere.Bigcatsareatthetopofthefoodchainandhavefewpredatorsoftheirown.Bigcatsincludesnowleopardscloudedleopardstigersandlions.BasedongeneticjudgementsmostscientistsbelievetheyfirstexistedinCentralAsia.Butpreviouslytheoldestknownbigcatfossilwas3.6millionyearsoldandfoundinAfrica.ThenewfossilfindingswerepublishedintheNovember13issueofthesciencejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.TsengandhisteamwerefossilhuntingintheHimalayasin2010whentheydiscoveredsomebonesincludingtheburiedcatskull.Theresearcherswereabletodetermineitsagebystudyingthesurroundingrocksandsoil.Theskullindicatesthattheanimalwasaboutthesizeofacloudedleopardwhichcangrowupto50pounds.In2012theteamreturnedtounearthmorecatbones.DavidPollyfromIndianaUniversitytoldtheAssociatedPressthatthefossilisconvincinglyolderthanthecurrentrecordholder.HeaddedthattherecouldbeevenolderbigcatfossilsintheTibetanplateautouncover.24.Whatdoesthenewlyunearthedskullprove?A.BigcatsmighthavetheiroriginsinAsia.B.Theoldestfossilis4.4millionyearsold.C.Thesnowleopardistheoldestbigcat.D.Theskullisofbigcats’directancestor.25.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.relatives.B.enemies.C.partners.D.protectors26.Howdotheresearchersknowtheskull’sage?A.Bymeasuringitssizeandforehead.B.Byexaminingotherbonesaroundit.C.Bystudyingitschemicalcomposition.D.Byexploringtherocksandsoilaroundit.27.Wherewasthecurrentrecordholderinthelastparagraphfound?A.Asia.B.Africa.C.America.D.Australia.
By2050acompletelynewtypeofhumanevolveasaresultofextremelynewtechnologybehaviorandnaturalselection.ThisisaccordingtoCadellLastaresearcherattheGlobalBrainInstitutewhoclaimsmankindisundergoingamajorevolutionarytransition.InlessthanfourdecadesMr.Lastclaimswewilllivelongerhavechildreninoldageandrelyonartificialintelligencetodoordinaryandboringtasks.Thisshiftissosignificantheclaimsitiscomparabletothechangefrommonkeystoapesandapestohumans.Your80or100isgoingtobesoradicallydifferentthanyourgrandparentsMr.Lastsayswhobelieveswewillspendmuchofourtimelivinginvirtualreality.Someevolutionaryscientistsbelievethisagecouldbeashighas120by2050.Mr.LastclaimshumanswillalsodemonstratedelayedsexualmaturationaccordingtoareportbyChristinaSterbenzinBusinessInsider.Thisreferstosomethingknownaslifehistorytheorywhichattemptstoexplainhownaturalselectionshapeskeyeventsinacreature’slifesuchasreproduction.Itsuggeststhatasbrainsizesincreaseorganismsneedmoreenergyandtimetoreachtheirfullpotentialandsoreproduceless.InsteadoflivingfastanddyingyoungerMr.LastbelieveshumanswillliveslowanddieolD.GlobalsocietyatthemomentisacompletemesshetoldMailOnlinE.Butincrisisthereisopportunityandinapocalypse启示therecanbetransformation.SoIthinkthenextsystemhumanitycreateswillbefarmoresophisticatedfairandabundantthanourcurrentcivilization.Ithinkournextsystemwillbeasdifferentfromthemodernworldasourcontemporaryworldisfromthemedieval中世纪的worlD.Thebiologicalclockisn'tgoingtobearoundforeverheaddedandsaidthatpeoplecouldpauseitforsometimeusingfuturetechnology.Thechangeisalreadyhappening.TodaytheaverageageatwhichawomaninBritainhasherfirstbabyhasbeenrisingsteadilystandsat29.8.IntheUSjustonepercentoffirstchildrenwereborntowomenovertheageof35in1970.By2012thatfigureroseto15percent.Ascountriesbecomesocio-economicallyadvancedmoreandmorepeopleespeciallywomenhavetheoptiontoengageinculturalreproductionMr.LastaddeD.Andaswellashavingmorechild-freeyearstoenjoyleisuretimehebelievesartificialintelligencewillmakeuptheneedforlow-skilljobs.Wemayalsospendalargeamountoftimelivinginvirtualreality.I’mnotquitesuremostpeoplehavereallyabsorbedtheimplicationsofthispossibilityMr.LastsaiD.HisviewsaredetailedinapapertitledHumanEvolutionLifeHistoryTheoryandtheEndofBiologicalReproductionpublishedCurrentAgingSciencE.63.AccordingtoCadellLastacompletelynewtypeofhumanwillappearbecauseof_____.①artificialintelligence②newtechnology③naturalselection④mundanetasks⑤behaviorA.②③⑤B.①②③C.③④⑤D.①②⑤64.WhichstatementiscomparedbyMr.Lasttothechangefrommonkeystoapesandapestohumans?A.Wehavediseasesanddieyoung.B.Wegivebirthtoachildwhenweareyoung.C.Wespendlesstimeinvirtualreality.D.Weuseintelligentrobotstodoeverydayhousework.65.Theunderlinedwordsinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymean_____.A.Organismsneedmoreenergyandtimetoripen.B.Naturalselectionshapeskeyevents.C.Reproduction.D.Reproduceless.66.InthenextsystemMr.Lastexplainedwecaninferthat_____.A.womenareengagedincareersorhobbiesinsteadofgivingbirthtobabiesB.womenareengagedinplayingcomputergamesratherthanworkingC.womenareengagedinculturalreproductioninplaceofmenD.womenareengagedinlivinginvirtualrealitywithoutoptions
Aseverycomputerownerknowswhentheirmachinesrunacomplexprogramtheygetprettyhot.Infactcoolingtheprocessorscanbeexpensiveespeciallywhenyou'redealingwithhugebanksofcomputerservers.Butwhatifthatenergycouldheatprivatehomes?A.Dutchenergyfirmaimstodojustthat.DatacentersoflargeInternetfirmssuchasGoogleAppleMicrosoftandotherscontainthousandsofcomputerservers.AstheyprocessinformationtheygenerateenormousamountsofheatrequiringcoolingtowersthatdissipateitintotheatmospherE.ADutchfirmthinkspayingforelectricitytoruntheserversandthenpayingagaintocoolthemisawasteofenergy.BoazLeupeCEOofthestart-upNerdalizesaysit’sactuallyquitesimplE.Wedon'tactuallyhavetobuildthedatacenterwhichsavesalotofcostsininfrastructureandwedon'thavethecoolingoverheadplusthatyouhavetheenvironmentalbenefitthatthekilowatthouryouareusingisusedtwiceoncetoheatthehomeandoncetocomputetheclientstaskwithoutthecoolingoverheadsaysLeupE.Thecompanydevelopedwhatitcallsane-RadiatoracomputerserverthatalsoworksasanalternativeheatingsourcE.LeupesaysthatfiveDutchhomeownersareexperimentallyusingthemintheirhomes.Wereimbursetheelectricitytheserverusesandthatwecandobecauseofthecomputerclientsontheothersideandinthatwayhomeownersactuallygetheatingforfreeandcomputerusersdon'thavetopayfortheoverheadofthedatacentersaysLeupE.Oneoftheparticipantsintheyear-longexperimentJanVissersaystheamountofheatproducedbye-Radiatordependsontheworkbeingdonebytheserver’sprocessorssoitcannotbeusedastheprimarysourcE.Butheisreadytotryit.Ifitgivesgoodenoughwarmthyoucanuselessofyourexistingcentralheatingandthereisthechanceforahomeownertopaylessbills.Nerdalizesayse-Radiatorsgeneratetemperatureofupto55degreesCelsiusandcouldsaveupto$440inannualheatingcosts.43.WhichoneistrueaccordingtothepassageA.Itisexpensivetodealwithhugebanksofcomputerservers.B.ADutchenergyfirmattemptedtoheatprivatehomes.C.Computerserversgeneratelargequantitiesofheat.D.Thecoolingtowerisawasteofenergy.44.Theunderlinedphraseoverheadinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.A.dailycostB.fixtureC.foreheadD.method45.WhatisNOTtrueaboute-Radiatoraccordingtothepassage?A.ItisacomputerserverusedasanalternativeheatingsourcE.B.Ithasbeenlaunchedontothemarket.C.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itcansaveusers’money.46.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewKindofDataServersB.DataServersCouldHeatPrivateHomesC.HowtoHeatthePrivateHomeswithComputersD.AnAlternativeHeatingSource
Scientistsarewarningthatsittingforlongperiods.-evenifyoualsoexerciseregularly-couldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplace-justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.SeveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefathaveaheartattackoreventdiE..Itissuggestedthatauthoritiesshouldrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivitytohighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicalactivitytheyhaven'tsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition:.Afterfourhoursofsittingthebodystartstosend'harmfulsignalsEkblom-BakhealthexpertsaiD.Sheexplainedthatgenesregulating调节theamountofglucose葡萄糖andfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.Evenforpeoplewhoexercisespendinglongperiodsoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.TimArmstrongaphysicalactivityexpertsaidpeoplewhoexerciseeveryday-butstillspendalotoftimesitting-mightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrossthedayratherthanatatunE.OtherResearchersa[sofoundpeoplewhosatmorehadahigherdeathriskindependentlyofwhetherornottheyexerciseD.Wedon'thaveenoughevidenceyettosayhowmuchsittingisbadsaidPeterKatzmarzykwholedthestudy.Moreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous?andwhatmightbepossibletooffset抵消thoseeffects.PeopleshouldkeepexercisingbecausethathasalotofbenefitsEkblom-BaksaiD.Butwhenthey'reintheofficeitseemsthemoreyoucangetupandinterruptthissedentarybehaviorthebetter.28.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.RegularExerciseKeytoHealth.B.HowtoAvoidSittingTooMuch.C.LongSittingCouldBeDeadly.D.HowtoExercisewhileWorking.29.Howdoessittingtoomuchaffectthehumanbody?A.Itcausesphysicalpains.B.Itincreasesbodyfat.C.ItcutsdownglucosE.D.Itdisturbsgeneticfunctions.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Themoreexercisethebetter.B.Regularexerciseoffsetslongsitting.C.Workinginofficesdoesharmtohealth.D.There'snodefinedtimelimittositting.31.Theunderlinedwordsedentaryinthelastsentenceisclosestin.meaningto_.A.working...B.sitting.C.exercisingD.remaining
Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae幼虫.Inadditiondifficultasitistobelievetherearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought干旱intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps虾thatliveintheMojaveDesertanextremelydryplaceinthesouthwestoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecordeD.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpslooklikegrainsofsandbothinsizeandappearancE.Whenenoughspringrainfallstoformalakeonceeverytwotofiveyearstheseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganisms有机物whichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlakE.Withinaweektheshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturingthewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates蒸发.ThereforefortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttimE.Bythetwelfthdayhoweverwhentheyareabout3centimeterslonghundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistimeallthatremainsofthelakeisalargemuddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdaytheshrimpslaytheireggsinthemuD.Thenhavingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvivetheshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifenoughrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlaketheeggshatchandonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowthadulthoodegg-layinganddeath.Someyearsthereisnotenoughraintoformalake:inthiscasetheeggswillremaindormantforanotheryearorevenlongerifnecessary.56.WhichofthefollowingistheMOSTuniquefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A.Theirlivesarebrief.B.Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C.Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D.TheylaytheireggsinthemuD.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddormantinthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.InactivE.B.Sleeping.C.SafE.D.DeaD.58.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Shrimpsaretheonlyspecieswithalifecycleof13days.B.A.speciesmustbeabletogrowupquicklyinordertosurvivE.C.Appearanceandsizearethemostimportantforlifetosurviveinthedesert.D.Somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinextremelyhardcondition.59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThelifespanofMojaveshrimpsB.ThesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC.ThecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD.Theimportanceofwatertolifeinthedesert
CatslikemanyotheranimalscommunicateavarietyofmessagesusingbodylanguagE.Examplesincludearching使拱起theirbacksasasignaloffearandthenslowlyloweringthemasasignalofrelaxation.Asisthecasewithdogsthetailisoftenusedasasignal.A.twitch颤动canindicateminorangerandatailheldhighsuggestsconfidencE.A.catwhichchoosestoliewithitsstomachandchestexposedconveyshappinesstrustandcomfort.A.catwithitstailheldhighandtwitchingshowsexcitementbutthisisoftenmistakenforanger.FlattenedearsmeanthatthecatfeelsthreateneD.MouthopenandnoteethexposedsuggestafeelingofplayfulnessorpleasurE.Manypeoplefailtounderstandthesilentlanguageofcats.Inparticulardogpeoplewhoareusedtothesignsofdoglanguageseemslowtounderstandwhatacatistellingtheminitsbodylanguagewhichcreatesafalseimpressionamongdogpeoplethatcatsarecold-heartedunemotionalordumB.Tounderstandcatsonemustobservethemcloselyandlearnwhattheirbodysignalstellyou.Theflattenedearsteethshowingbaringbellyforsubmission服从areeasilyreadbyhumans.SomecharacteristicsignalshoweverareoftenmisunderstooD.ForinstanceacatrubbingitsbodyalonganarmoralegofitsownerisnotonlyawaytoattractattentionandperhapsaskforabitoffooD.Itisalsoawayofmarkingitsownerasitsveryown.64.A.catwithitstailheldhighandtwitchingisusuallymistakenfor_________.A.angerB.confidenceC.excitementD.comfort65.Dogpeoplethinkthatcatsarecold-heartedunemotionalordumbbecausethey_____.A.aremoreusedtothelanguagethatdogsspeakB.can’tunderstandthelanguagethatcatsuseC.areslowtounderstandacat’sbodylanguageD.prefertoraisedogsratherthanhavecats66.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyacatrubsitsbodyalongthearmorlegofitsowner?A.Toattractattentionfromitsowner.B.Toshowthecareaboutitsowner.C.ToaskitsownerforalittleoffooD.D.Tomarkitsownerasitsown.67.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.StudyCatLanguageB.AnimalBodyLanguageC.CompareCatswithDogsD.A.Cat’sBodyLanguage
Evenaftercenturiesofexploration探险theoceanstillholdsitsmysteries.Althoughweknowmoretodayabouttheworld’soceansandcreatureslivinginthemthaneverbeforeeveryonceinawhiletheseabringsupsomethingsostrangesounexpectedthatmakestheworldwonderwhatitcouldbE.Suchwasthecasewhenthecurrents水流oftheMediterraneanOceanrecentlywasheda13-foot-longsmellybodyontotheshoresofthevillageofVillaricosinAndalusiaSpain.AnearlyreportintheSpanishpublicationLavantedescribedthestrangehorned带角的bodyaswhatmightseemlikeabigfishbutitwasalreadyinpieces.LocalsjokedthatitwassomekindofLochNessMonster.ThemediajumpedrightonthecreatureofcoursE.Somesitescalleditahornedseamonster.ThepopularnewspaperBoingBoingcalleditadragon.Somepeopleguessedthatitmightbeanoarfish皇带鱼whichisactuallyararelyseenkindofbigfishthatcangrowupto55feetlong.Butnowtheexpertshaveweighedinandwe’resorrytoreportthatit’snotadragonaLochNessMonsterorevenanoarfish.Thatisactuallyasharkskeleton骨架ProfessorGrubbsfromFloridaStateUniversitytoldNBCNews.Thepartstowardthebackwereconfusingmebutthosearethelowercaudalfin尾鳍supports.Thehornsarethescapulocoracoidswhichsupportthepectoralfins胸鳍.Scapulocoracoidsarebackbonescommontomanyanimals.SotherewegoanothermysterysolveD.WelltheancientmapsthatoncedescribedareasoftheoceanasplacesofdragonshaveyettobeproventruE.Butit’sgoodtoknowthattheoceanstillhasafewsurprisesforusevenincaseswherethey’rejustdeadsmellybodies.32.Thecreaturementionedinthetext_____.A.wasabout15feetlongwithahornB.couldprobablygrowupto55feetlongC.wasalreadyinpiecesbutitwasstillaliveD.wasfoundontheshoresofavillageinSpain33.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2reallyreferto?A.A.dragon.B.A.sharkskeleton.C.Anoarfish.D.A.hornedseamonster.34.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_____.A.howthecreaturewasfoundB.thecharacteristicsofanoarfishC.people’sguessesaboutthecreatureD.BoingBoing’sopinionofthecreature35.Themainpurposeofthetextisto_____.A.showthemysteryoftheoceanB.askpeopletoprotectseaanimalsC.introduceararelyseenkindoffishD.showhowtofindsurprisesinthesea
SearchingforairfaresoftenseemslikeagamethatpassengersareboundtolosE.PriceschangefromdaytodayevenminutetominutE.LookingthroughmultiplewebsitesforthebestdealcanbeabigchallengE.Evenwhenyoudobookthere’snoguaranteethatyouaregoingtogetthebestpricE.Youjustdon’tknowwhentopullthetrigger.It’snotlikebuyinganythingelseIcanthinkofsaidGeorgeHobicafounderofAirfarewatchdog.com.HarrietLevypaid$179forarecentround-tripflightonAmericanAirlinesbetweenNewYorkandFortLauderdaleFloridA.SittingjustonerowbehindherShirleyHarrisonpaid$215.A.fewrowsbackEllisandDianneTraubpaid$317each.Therewereatleast12faresontheflightrangingfrom$169to$360.There’snoreasonforitHarrisonsaiD.Farescanvarysignificantlyinjustafewhours.OneDeltaflightfromNewYorktoLosAngelesjumpedfrom$755to$1143fromaFridaytoSaturdayinlateAprilthenfellto$718onSunday.TheflightwasoneofadozentheAssociatedPress美国联合通讯社followedoverthreemonthsforavacationbetweenJuly16and22.Thenumberonefinding:avoidbookingticketsonweekends.It’sthemostexpensivetimetobuy.There’snowaytoguaranteethebestfarE.Butbeforebookingtravelersshouldpayattentiontothisadditionaladvice:●BookonTuesdayWednesdayandThursday.That’swhenairlinesmostoftenoffersales.●Buyinadvancebutnottooearly.Thebesttimeisfourtosixweeksbeforetraveling.IngeneralpricesforanygivenflightarehighesteighttotenweeksandtwotothreeweeksinadvancE.●MakeuseofsocialmediA.Airlinesaregivingmorebenefitslikeexclusive独家salestotravelerswhointeract互动withthemonTwitterandFacebook.Thosespecialsareoftengonewithinhours.●Theso-calleddiscountairlines–JetBlueAir-TranSouthwestandFrontier–adjusttheirfareslessfrequentlythanotherairlinessoyoucanfeelmoreconfidentthatthepricewillstaythesamE.Buttheirpricesaren’talwaysthelowest.Researchingmultipleairlines’faresistheonlywaytogetagooddeal.21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentenceofthetext?A.Passengersareunabletosearchforairfares.B.Airlinesoftenplaygameswithpassengers.C.Airfaresaresetindifferentsituations.D.It’sdifficultforpassengerstogetthebestpricE.22.TheunderlinedphrasepullthetriggerinParagraph3probablymeans_______.A.startsearchingB.getthehighestpriceC.makeapurchaseD.getonboardtheplane23.Byusingalotoffigurestheauthorintendsto_______.A.showthereisstandardpriceforeverysingleairlineB.discovertherulesbehindairfaresC.guaranteepassengersalowpriceD.proveairfarescanvarywidely24.Passengersareadvisedtobookflights_______.A.inthemiddleoftheweekB.onspecialwebsitesC.severalmonthsbeforetravelingD.withairlineswhicharefamousforofferingdiscountprices
Ifyouarelookingforacreativesolutiontoapieceofworkoraschoolassignmentdon’tlockyourselfupinaquietroom.Anewstudysuggeststhatmoderatebackgroundnoiseisabetterspur动力tocreativethinkingthanthesoundofsilenceTimemagazinereporteD.ApaperpublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearchsaysthattheperfectworkingenvironmentshouldbuzz嗡嗡作响withalittlenoisE.Researchersfoundthattestsubjectswereattheirmostcreativewhenbackgroundnoisewasmeasuredat70decibelsthelevelonemightfindinabusycoffeeshop.Anearlysilentenvironment50decibelswastooquiet.Turningupthevolumeto85decibelsajackhammertearingupthepavementoutsideyourbuildingwascounterproductive达不到预期目的-thenoisebecameadistraction.Theresearchersasked65studentsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaCanadatoperformvariouscreativetaskswhilenoisesrecordedataroadsiderestaurantwereplayedinthebackgrounD.Inoneexperimentscientistsaskedparticipantstobrainstormideasforanewtypeofmattress气垫.TestsubjectshadthemostsuccessfuldiscussionswhenthenoiseinthebackgroundwasnoticeablebutnottoolouD.Whileaquietenvironmentmaymakeiteasiertoreadabooktheauthorsofthestudysaythatmoderatebackgroundnoisecreatesjustenoughofadistractiontoforcepeopletothinkmoreimaginativelywithoutbreakingtheirfocussocompletelythattheycan’tthinkatall.ShouldweallheadforStarbuckstogetcreative?Notnecessarily.Researchersfoundlimitedworktimesurroundedbythelow-levelnoiseofacoffeehouseiswhatreallystimulatescreativity.Equallyworkinginacareenvironmentisn’tgoodforeverybody.Theproductivityboostwasmostobviousamongthosewhowerenaturallycreativetobeginwith.33.Therecommendedlevelofbackgroundnoiseis__________.A.50decibelsB.65decibelsC.70decibelsD.85decibels34.Whyismoderatebackgroundnoisegoodforcreativity?A.Itpushespeopletousetheirimaginationbutdoesn’treachalevelthatdisturbsthem.B.Itcanhelppeopletofocusonasubject.C.Itcanabsorbsuddennoisesthatcausedistraction.D.ItrelaxespeopleandstopsthemfromgettingboreD.35.Whichbestdescribesthewriter’stoneinthepassage?A.NegativE.B.ObjectivE.C.EnthusiastiC.D.Doubtful.
Sciencefictionwriterscreateimaginaryworlds.ThewaythingsworkinyourimaginaryworldswillbebasedonactualsciencE.Soit’simportantforyoutobefamiliarwiththescientificprinciplesandinventionsthatarerelatedtoyourcreation.Forexampleifyou’rewritingabouthumanlivingonaplanetwithzerogravitythenyouneedtoknowtheeffectsofzerogravityonthehumanbody.Thenyouhavetofigureouttheexactrulesofyourimaginaryworlds.Andyouhavetofollowthem.IfhumansareabletobreatheunderwaterinChapter1yourcharactercan’tdrowninaswimmingpoolinChapter3.Theissuehereismaintainingyourreaders’trust.Thatmeansthereaderiswillingtopretendalongwithyou.Ifyoustartoutwithanordinarydetectivenovelandthenthrowinsomeonebreathingunderwaterinthe6thchapteryouwillpullthereadersoutoftheirimagination.Thesamethinghappensifyouchangetheruleshalfway.Partofyourpreparationworkforthenovelistomapoutitsworldsingreatdetail.Youshoulddecidethefollowingissues:thehistoryoftheworldthegeographywhatpossibilitiesitoffershoweverythingworksinthisnewrealityandhowallofthesefactorsaffectthewayyourcharactersthinkfeelandreacttothings.Youdon’thavetotellyourreadersalltherulesinthefirstchapter.Butyouhavetoletreadersknowenoughtounderstandwhat’sgoingon.Thisalsoallowsyoutoworkoutlogicalproblemsandcontradictionsbeforeyoustartwriting.Whenyouarewritingremembertomakeitfeelreal.YouareinvitingreaderstovisitanewworlD.Theywillwanttobeabletoseehearfeelsmellandeventastewhatit’slikE.Whetheryournovelisaboutaworldwithoutdiseaseoranundiscoveredplanethelpyourreadersfeellikethey’reactuallytherE.56.What’stherelationshipbetweenactualscienceandsciencefiction?A.SciencefictionpromotesthedevelopmentofactualsciencE.B.SciencefictionoftenreflectsthedevelopmentofactualsciencE.C.Actualsciencelimitstheimaginationdescribedinsciencefiction.D.Actualscienceprovidesbasicprinciplesforsciencefiction.57.Thesecondparagraphismainlydevelopedby________.A.makingcomparisonsB.givingexamplesC.followingthetimeorderD.analyzingcauses58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Itisnecessarytodosomescientificexperimentsbeforewritingsciencefiction.B.Itismoredifficulttowritesciencefictionthanordinarydetectivenovels.C.Readersofsciencefictionactuallypretendthewriters’rulesaretruE.D.Itisgreattoleavesomecontradictionsinyoursciencefiction.59.Thetargetreadersofthepassageare________.A.youngscientistsB.sciencefictionwritersC.collegestudentsD.professionaljournalists60.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.howtodoscientificresearchB.howtoraiseinterestinscienceC.whattoexpectfromsciencefictionD.howtowritesciencefiction
MauriceMountainisaretiredlawyerinWashingtonD.C.Hedevelopedaprototype原型机foradevicehecallsthePrestoEmergencyBoatLadder.Hisinventionisasmallfoldingladderthatattachestothesideofaboattohelppeoplewhofallintothewater.Mr.Mountainplanstomass-producehisboatladder.HecreatedhisinventionataworkshopcalledTechShop.Mr.MountainsaysIthinkitencouragesinnovation.Ithinkpeoplewhoprobablyhavehadideasrollingaroundinthebackoftheirmindsforyearsbuthaveneverhadtheopportunitytoactuallyputthemintoproductionorevenexperimentwiththemwouldfindthisplacewonderful.MembersofTechShopusehigh-techequipmenttodevelopandproduceideastheyhaveforinventions.IsabellaMusachiomanagesaTechShopinArlingtonVirginia.Shesaystheshophasmanydifferentkindsofequipment.TechShopisado-it-yourselfmakerspace.Sowhenyoucomeinwehaveallthesedifferentareasoftheshopandwehaveametalshopwoodshoplasers3Dprinterselectronics.Imeanwehavesomanydifferentareasandwehavealltheequipmentthatisavailabletoanybodyabovetheageof12.MembershipcostsforTechShopstartatjustover$100permonth.Membersareabletousecostlymachinesincluding3Dmodelingtoolsandlasercutters.IsabellaMusachiosaysTechShophelpsitsmembersbuildtheirdreams.Ourmottois‘buildyourdreamshere’becauseyoucanreallycomeinwithjustanideaandthenwiththehelpofTechShopmakethatleapfromanideatobuildingyourprojectoyourprototypeorevenyourbusiness.JimNewtonisthefounderofTechShop.HefirstintroducedtheideaforthetechnologyworkshopsatanartsandscienceseventcalledMakerFaireinSanMateoCaliforniain2006.HisideaattractedhundredsofmembersduringthateventNowthereareeightTechShoplocationsintheU..S..Inalltherearemorethan6000members.Twomore-TechShoplocationsinthecitiesofSt.LouisandLookAngeleswillbesetup.28.TheinventionMr.Mountaininventedwillbeusedto____.A.savethedrowningpeopleB.helppeopleclimbtheladderC.maketheboatsaferD.lettheboatfloatsafely29.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatMr.MountainsaysinParagraph2?.A.Peoplewithimaginationcanachievetheirdreams.B.TechShopcanhelpturnsomepeople’sideasintoreality.C.TechShopisaplacewherepeoplecanputforwardtheirnewideas.D.It'shardforpeopletoputtheirideasintopractice.30.Fromthelastparagraphwecanknow_____.A.JimNewtonisaverygreatinventionB.peopledidn'tlikeTechShopatfirstC.TechShopwillbecomemoreandmorepopularD.TechShopgreetedwithbadreviewsin200631.WhatcanweknowaboutTechShopfromthepassage?A.TechShopisfoundedbyMauriceMountain.B.TechShopputshigh-techdreamswithinreach.C.TechShopisanon-profitorganization.D.TechShopoffersitsmembersmoreideas.
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