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The Value of Motherhood ? ?In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to ...
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ImageMartianDustParticles NASA’sPhoenixMarsLanderhastakenitsfirsteverpictureofasingleparticleofrustyMartiandustwithoneofitsmicroscopes.ThedustparticlesofdustwereshownatahighermagnificationthananythingoutsideofEarththathasbeenimagedbefore.Theroundedparticlemeasuredonlyaboutonemicrometeroronemillionthofameteracross. "TakingthisimagerequiredthehighestresolutionmicroscopeoperatedoffEarthandaspeciallydesigneddevicetoholdtheMartiandust"saidTomPikeaPhoenixscienceteammemberfromImperialCollegeLondon."Wealwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticlesthissmall." Thedevicethatimagedthedustspeckiscalledanatomicforcemicroscopewhichmapstheshapeofparticlesinthreedimensionsbyscanningthemwithasharptipattheendofaspring.Theatomicforcemicroscopecandetailtheshapesofparticlesassmallasabout100nanometers.Andthiswon’tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage."Afterthisfirstsuccesswe’renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgalleryofthedustonMars"Pikesaid. DustexistseverywhereonMarscoatingthesurfaceandgivingititsrustyredcolor.DustparticlesalsocolortheMartianskypinkandfeedstormsthatregularlyenvelopetheplanet.TheultrafinedustisthemediumthatactivelylinksgasesintheMartianatmospheretoprocessesinMartiansoilsoitiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars’environmenttheresearcherssaid. The$420-millionPhoenixmissionisanalyzingthedustandsubsurfaceicelayersofMars’arcticregionstolookforsignsofpotentialpasthabitability.Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspartofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarmfromthe"SnowWhite"trenchanddeliveredtoPhoenix’smicroscopestationinearlyJuly. TomPikesaidthattheyusedtothinkitwasnoeasyjobtoimagesuchsmallparticles.
SleepLetsBrainFileMemories Tosleep.PerchancetofileFindingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences"furthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s. GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy"ofSciences"linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels. Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar. "Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage."Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition."Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym. Accordingtothelastparagraphwhatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym
{{*HTML*}}AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschoolinggetnewskillsorjobtrainingfindoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsseekbetterself-understandingordevelopnewtalentsandskills.??2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibrariescorrespondencecoursesorbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegesstudygroupsworkshopsclubsandprofessionalassociations.??3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocitiesnewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.??4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790swiththefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanicsinstituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.??5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexamplepartsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.Adulteducationhasbeenmadenecessary______.
SleepLetsBrainFileMemories Tosleep.PerchancetofileFindingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences"furthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s. GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy"ofSciences"linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels. Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar. "Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage."Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition."Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym. WhatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetoleranceasisindicatedbyaresearchmentionedinParagraph3
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Wehavetoputupwithherbehavior.
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 61
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 63
{{*HTML*}}AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschoolinggetnewskillsorjobtrainingfindoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsseekbetterself-understandingordevelopnewtalentsandskills.??2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibrariescorrespondencecoursesorbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegesstudygroupsworkshopsclubsandprofessionalassociations.??3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocitiesnewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.??4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790swiththefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanicsinstituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.??5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexamplepartsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganization??Oneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcentury?46?whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporterswhocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybytelegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinue?47?.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPressAPandUnitedPressInternationalPUI.YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewsstory.??Newspaperchainsandmergersbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapers?48?.Amergerinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapers?and?49?.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombined?50?.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.??A.toplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperations??B.wasthegrowthoftelegraphservices??C.andtheyusuallyenjoygreatprestige??D.theyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleowner??E.inordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcosts??F.ownedbyasinglepersonororganization
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 57
Youshouldsoonregainyourappetite.
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 53
{{*HTML*}}DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganization??Oneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcentury?46?whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporterswhocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybytelegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinue?47?.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPressAPandUnitedPressInternationalPUI.YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewsstory.??Newspaperchainsandmergersbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapers?48?.Amergerinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapers?and?49?.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombined?50?.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.??A.toplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperations??B.wasthegrowthoftelegraphservices??C.andtheyusuallyenjoygreatprestige??D.theyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleowner??E.inordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcosts??F.ownedbyasinglepersonororganization
AntsalwaysputfoodawayinAutumn.
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 59
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 51
GlobalWarming AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDecember1997itbecameabundantlyclearhowcomplexithasbecometoworkoutinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironmentbecauseofeconomicconcernsuniquetoeachcountry.Itisnolongerenoughtotrytoforbidcertainactivitiesortoreduceemissionsofcertainsubstances.Theglobalchallengesoftheinterlinkbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopmentincreasinglybringustothecoreoftheeconomiclifeofstates.Duringthelate1980swewereablethroughinternationalagreementstomakedeepcutsinemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer.Thesereductionsweremadepossiblebecausesubstitutionshadbeenfoundformanyoftheharmfulchemicalsandmoreimportantbecausetheharmfulsubstancescouldbereplacedwithoutnegativeeffectsonemploymentandtheeconomiesofstates. Althoughthethreatofglobalwarminghasbeenknowntotheworldfordecadesandallcountriesandleadersagreethatweneedtodealwiththeproblemwealsoknowthattheeffectsofmeasuresespeciallyharshmeasurestakeninsomecountrieswouldbenullified抵消ifothercountriesdonotcontroltheiremissions.WhereastheUNteamonclimatechangehasfoundthattheemissionsofcarbondioxidewouldhavetobecutgloballyby60%tostabilizethecontentofCO2intheatmospherethispathisnotfeasibleforseveralreasons.Suchdeepcutswouldcauseabreakdownoftheworldeconomy.Importantandpopulous人口众多的lowormediumincomecountriesarenotyetwillingtoundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Inadditionthestateofworldtechnologywouldnotyetpermitustomakesuchabigleap. Wemusthoweverfindasolutiontothethreatofglobalwarmingearlyinthe21stcentury.Suchacommitmentwouldrequireadegreeofsharedvisionandcommonresponsibilitiesnewtohumanity.Successliesintheforceofimaginationsinimaginingwhatwouldhappenifwefailtoact.Althoughmanylivingincoldregionswouldwelcometheglobalwarmingeffectofawarmersummerfewwouldcheerthearrivalofthesubsequentdiseasesespeciallywheretherehadbeennone. Inthepassagetheauthorimpliesthat.
{{*HTML*}}AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschoolinggetnewskillsorjobtrainingfindoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsseekbetterself-understandingordevelopnewtalentsandskills.??2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibrariescorrespondencecoursesorbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegesstudygroupsworkshopsclubsandprofessionalassociations.??3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocitiesnewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.??4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790swiththefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanicsinstituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.??5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexamplepartsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.{{*HTML*}}A.bysocialandeconomicchanges??B.guidedself-studyandcorrespondencecourses??C.bystudyingtogetherwithchildren??D.whattheydidnotmanagetolearnearlier??E.datesbacktotheeighteenthcentury??F.massproduction??Someadultswanttolearn______.
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 65
GlobalWarming AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDecember1997itbecameabundantlyclearhowcomplexithasbecometoworkoutinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironmentbecauseofeconomicconcernsuniquetoeachcountry.Itisnolongerenoughtotrytoforbidcertainactivitiesortoreduceemissionsofcertainsubstances.Theglobalchallengesoftheinterlinkbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopmentincreasinglybringustothecoreoftheeconomiclifeofstates.Duringthelate1980swewereablethroughinternationalagreementstomakedeepcutsinemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer.Thesereductionsweremadepossiblebecausesubstitutionshadbeenfoundformanyoftheharmfulchemicalsandmoreimportantbecausetheharmfulsubstancescouldbereplacedwithoutnegativeeffectsonemploymentandtheeconomiesofstates. Althoughthethreatofglobalwarminghasbeenknowntotheworldfordecadesandallcountriesandleadersagreethatweneedtodealwiththeproblemwealsoknowthattheeffectsofmeasuresespeciallyharshmeasurestakeninsomecountrieswouldbenullified抵消ifothercountriesdonotcontroltheiremissions.WhereastheUNteamonclimatechangehasfoundthattheemissionsofcarbondioxidewouldhavetobecutgloballyby60%tostabilizethecontentofCO2intheatmospherethispathisnotfeasibleforseveralreasons.Suchdeepcutswouldcauseabreakdownoftheworldeconomy.Importantandpopulous人口众多的lowormediumincomecountriesarenotyetwillingtoundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Inadditionthestateofworldtechnologywouldnotyetpermitustomakesuchabigleap. Wemusthoweverfindasolutiontothethreatofglobalwarmingearlyinthe21stcentury.Suchacommitmentwouldrequireadegreeofsharedvisionandcommonresponsibilitiesnewtohumanity.Successliesintheforceofimaginationsinimaginingwhatwouldhappenifwefailtoact.Althoughmanylivingincoldregionswouldwelcometheglobalwarmingeffectofawarmersummerfewwouldcheerthearrivalofthesubsequentdiseasesespeciallywheretherehadbeennone. Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.
GlobalWarming AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDecember1997itbecameabundantlyclearhowcomplexithasbecometoworkoutinternationalagreementsrelatingtotheenvironmentbecauseofeconomicconcernsuniquetoeachcountry.Itisnolongerenoughtotrytoforbidcertainactivitiesortoreduceemissionsofcertainsubstances.Theglobalchallengesoftheinterlinkbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopmentincreasinglybringustothecoreoftheeconomiclifeofstates.Duringthelate1980swewereablethroughinternationalagreementstomakedeepcutsinemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer.Thesereductionsweremadepossiblebecausesubstitutionshadbeenfoundformanyoftheharmfulchemicalsandmoreimportantbecausetheharmfulsubstancescouldbereplacedwithoutnegativeeffectsonemploymentandtheeconomiesofstates. Althoughthethreatofglobalwarminghasbeenknowntotheworldfordecadesandallcountriesandleadersagreethatweneedtodealwiththeproblemwealsoknowthattheeffectsofmeasuresespeciallyharshmeasurestakeninsomecountrieswouldbenullified抵消ifothercountriesdonotcontroltheiremissions.WhereastheUNteamonclimatechangehasfoundthattheemissionsofcarbondioxidewouldhavetobecutgloballyby60%tostabilizethecontentofCO2intheatmospherethispathisnotfeasibleforseveralreasons.Suchdeepcutswouldcauseabreakdownoftheworldeconomy.Importantandpopulous人口众多的lowormediumincomecountriesarenotyetwillingtoundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Inadditionthestateofworldtechnologywouldnotyetpermitustomakesuchabigleap. Wemusthoweverfindasolutiontothethreatofglobalwarmingearlyinthe21stcentury.Suchacommitmentwouldrequireadegreeofsharedvisionandcommonresponsibilitiesnewtohumanity.Successliesintheforceofimaginationsinimaginingwhatwouldhappenifwefailtoact.Althoughmanylivingincoldregionswouldwelcometheglobalwarmingeffectofawarmersummerfewwouldcheerthearrivalofthesubsequentdiseasesespeciallywheretherehadbeennone. Whatshouldallcountriesdotohelpsolvetheproblemofglobalwarming
Animal’s"SixthSense" AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals51seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"for52expertssaid.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearly53wildbeastswithnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredeadnot54adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan55disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.RatnayakedeputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartmentsaidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The56washedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheastSriLanka’sbiggestwildlife57andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotof58evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven"saidMatthewvanLieropananimalbehavior59atJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeenno60studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththis61."Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain62especiallybirds...therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters"saidCliveWalkerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.Animals63relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"or64othermythicalpowerisanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowls65omensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowerorattributes. 55
ImageMartianDustParticles NASA’sPhoenixMarsLanderhastakenitsfirsteverpictureofasingleparticleofrustyMartiandustwithoneofitsmicroscopes.ThedustparticlesofdustwereshownatahighermagnificationthananythingoutsideofEarththathasbeenimagedbefore.Theroundedparticlemeasuredonlyaboutonemicrometeroronemillionthofameteracross. "TakingthisimagerequiredthehighestresolutionmicroscopeoperatedoffEarthandaspeciallydesigneddevicetoholdtheMartiandust"saidTomPikeaPhoenixscienceteammemberfromImperialCollegeLondon."Wealwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticlesthissmall." Thedevicethatimagedthedustspeckiscalledanatomicforcemicroscopewhichmapstheshapeofparticlesinthreedimensionsbyscanningthemwithasharptipattheendofaspring.Theatomicforcemicroscopecandetailtheshapesofparticlesassmallasabout100nanometers.Andthiswon’tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage."Afterthisfirstsuccesswe’renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgalleryofthedustonMars"Pikesaid. DustexistseverywhereonMarscoatingthesurfaceandgivingititsrustyredcolor.DustparticlesalsocolortheMartianskypinkandfeedstormsthatregularlyenvelopetheplanet.TheultrafinedustisthemediumthatactivelylinksgasesintheMartianatmospheretoprocessesinMartiansoilsoitiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars’environmenttheresearcherssaid. The$420-millionPhoenixmissionisanalyzingthedustandsubsurfaceicelayersofMars’arcticregionstolookforsignsofpotentialpasthabitability.Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspartofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarmfromthe"SnowWhite"trenchanddeliveredtoPhoenix’smicroscopestationinearlyJuly. AftercollectingthelastMartiandustparticlethescientistshavestartedtobuildupaportraitgalleryofit.
Heimpressedallhiscolleaguesasavigorousmanintheprimeofhiscareer.
DriventoDistraction JoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’sseatstartsupthecarandheadstotown.TheemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestionandCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim. Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintimethewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchersatOldDominionUniversityODUexaminehowinvehicleguidancesystemsaffectthepersonbehindthewheel. Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystemswhichgiveaudibleorwrittendirectionsaretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations. "Wearelookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers"saidCarylBaldwintheassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearchwhichinvolvesmeasuringdrivers’reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualcues. Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavylighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople"getintomorechallengingdrivingsituationstheydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment"Baldwinsaid. Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthitshesaid.Thenextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload. "Isitbestiftheyseeapicture...thatshowstheirpositionamapkindofdisplay"Baldwinsaid."Isitbestiftheyhearit" Navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepointbypointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute."They’reveryunforgiving"Baldwinsaid."Ifyoumissaturntheycanalmostseemtogetangry." Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections.Baldwinsaid. Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywantormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyleshesaid. Interestinglyotherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystylewhile60percentwomenprefertheroutestyleBaldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendoBaldwinadded. Thesixthparagraphmainlystatesthattheresearchers
{{*HTML*}}AdultEducation??1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschoolinggetnewskillsorjobtrainingfindoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsseekbetterself-understandingordevelopnewtalentsandskills.??2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibrariescorrespondencecoursesorbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegesstudygroupsworkshopsclubsandprofessionalassociations.??3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:peopleweremovingfromruralareastocitiesnewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.??4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790swiththefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanicsinstituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.??5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostformsofemploymenttoday.Forexamplepartsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountriesfinditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearncompletelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantlytomeettheseandotherneeds.{{*HTML*}}A.NecessityforDevelopingAdultEducation??B.EarlyDaysofAdultEducation??C.WaysofReceivingAdultEducation??D.GrowthofAdultEducation??E.InstitutionsofAdultEducation??F.DefinitionofAdultEducation??Paragraph2______
SleepLetsBrainFileMemories Tosleep.PerchancetofileFindingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences"furthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s. GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy"ofSciences"linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels. Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar. "Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage."Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition."Exerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentenceTosleep.Perchancetofile
Weresolvedtheproblemaftergroupdiscussion.
DriventoDistraction JoeCoyneslidesintothedriver’sseatstartsupthecarandheadstotown.TheemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestionandCoynehitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim. Butevenifhehadn’tstoppedintimethewomanwouldhavebeensafe.Sheisn’treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn’treallydriving.CoyneisdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchersatOldDominionUniversityODUexaminehowinvehicleguidancesystemsaffectthepersonbehindthewheel. Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystemswhichgiveaudibleorwrittendirectionsaretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetbythebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliarlocations. "Wearelookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers"saidCarylBaldwintheassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearchwhichinvolvesmeasuringdrivers’reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespondtoauditoryandvisualcues. Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolvedindrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavylighttraffic.Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople"getintomorechallengingdrivingsituationstheydon’thaveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomethingelseintheenvironment"Baldwinsaid. Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthitshesaid.Thenextstepistotestdifferentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethodschangethedrivers’mentalworkload. "Isitbestiftheyseeapicture...thatshowstheirpositionamapkindofdisplay"Baldwinsaid."Isitbestiftheyhearit" Navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepointbypointdirectionsthatfollowaprescribedroute."They’reveryunforgiving"Baldwinsaid."Ifyoumissaturntheycanalmostseemtogetangry." Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefermoregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswhopreferroutedirections.Baldwinsaid. Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleofdirectionstheywantormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinawaythatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyleshesaid. Interestinglyotherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenpreferthesurveystylewhile60percentwomenprefertheroutestyleBaldwinsaid.Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon’tliketostopandaskfordirectionsandwomendoBaldwinadded. Whatdoresearcherswanttofindoutaccordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphs
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