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The Greatest Mystery of Whales The whale is a mammal(哺乳动物) warm-blooded, air-breathing, giv...
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第49届世界卫生大会采纳WHA49.25号决议宣布什么是世界范围内公共卫生的首要问题
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{{*HTML*}}ANewCitizenshipTest1?LastweekasampleofthenewUScitizenship公民身份examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServicesUS-CIS.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghasasthecurrenttestdoesthenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernmentanapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2?ThegoalistomakeitmoremeaningfulexplainsEmilioGonzalezdirectoroftheUS-CIS.ImmigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetterunderstandingandrespectforUScivic公民的valuesGonzalezsays.3?TheUSisn’ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogetasharedcommitmentfromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry’svalues.Inrecentyearsinadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatusseveralEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarchanewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnude裸体的womenbathingatbeachesandgay同性恋的menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethatnewcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry’sliberalsocialmores风俗.4?Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.Buttodaythefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountriesaftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes少数民族聚居区inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5?Officialsbelievethataperson’sattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.Howeversomecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate同化themselves.Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?saysAliNooranioftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition难民辩护联盟.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}A.Reasonfornaminghurricanes??B.Warningofanapproachinghurricane??C.Deadlywomen??D.Historyofnaminghurricanes??E.Organizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes??F.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph1______
IceExplorerReadyForLaunchTheEuropeanspaceagency’smissiontoassessthestateoftheworld’sicecoverislikelytolaunchinFebruary.TheCryosat-2spacecraftwillgointoorbitonaDneprrocketfromBaikonurKazakhstantheagencyhasannounced.Thesatelliteisarebuildofthemissionthatwasdestroyedin2005whenitslauncherfailedjustminutesintoitsflight.Cryosat-2’sradarinstrumentwillmakedetailedmapsoftheicethatcoversbothseaandlandatthepoles.DatafromothersatelliteshasalreadyindicatedthatsomeofthiscoverisdiminishingatarapidrateinresponsetoclimatechangewiththebiggestmeltingoccurringintheArctic.ThecompletedCryosat-2isundergoingfinalcheckshereattheIABGtechnicalcentreinOttobrunnnearMunichGermanyatestfacilityusedbysatellitemanafacturers.ItwashopedCryosat-2couldlaunchinDecemberbuttheflighthasbeendelayednowuntilnextyear.EsasaidtherewasaqueueofmissionswaitingforarideontheRussian-UkrainianDneprrocket.Yesit’sfrustratinghutthat’sbowitisconcededVolkerLiebigEsa’sdirectorofEarthobservationpragrammes.Ontheotherhanditgivesusalittlebitmoretimeto[trainandpreparethegroundteam]whichmeanswhenwedogetintoorbitwe’llbereadytostartoperationsrapidlybecauseofalltheworkwe’vedobeinadvance.Missionmanagersaretargeting28Februaryforalaunch.TheinabilityoftheagencytoloftitssatellitesatatimeofitschoosingshouldbecomelessofaproblemwhenithasaccesstoitsnewVegarocket.VegawhichwilloperateoutofEurope’sKourouspaceportinFrenchGuianahasbeendesignedspecificallytocarrysmallinstitutionalpayloadssuchasCryosattoodfit.Howevertherocketisnotexpectedtoenterintoserviceuntilthemiddleofnextyear.Cryosat-2ispartofEsa’sEarthExplorerprogramme-sevenspacecraftthatwilldoinnovativescienceinobtainingdataonissuesofpressingenvironmentalconcern.ThefirstintheseriesGoceGravityFieldandSteadyr-StateOceanCirculationwaslaunchedinMarch.WhatistheCryosatspacecraftusedtodo
{{*HTML*}}VirtualDriver??Drivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenearsanalyzingwithabrainandcoordinationbetweenhandsfeetandbrain.Amanhassharpeyesandkeenearsanalyzesthroughhisbrainandmaintainscoordinationbetweenhishandsandbrains.Hecancontrolafast-movingcatwithdifferentpartsofhisbody.?46?Apparentlythereisn’tanyoneinthedriver’scabbutthereisinfactavirtualdriver.Thisvirtualdriverhaseyesbrainshandsandfeettoo.Theminicamerasoneachsideofthecarareitseyesandareresponsibleforobservingtheroadconditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleftandfight.Ifyouopenthebootyoucanseethemostimportantpartoftheautomaticdrivingsystem:abuilt-incomputer.?47?Thebrainofthecarisresponsibleforcalculatingthespeedsobjectssurroundingthecararemovingatanalyzingtheirpositionontheroadchoosingthefightpathandgivingorderstothewheelandthecontrolsystem.??Incomparisonwiththehumanbrainthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageisthatitreactsquickly.?48??Howeverittakestheworld’sbestracecardriveratleastonesecondtoreactandthisdoesn’tincludethetimeheneedstotakeaction.??Withitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrolthevirtualdrivercanreducetheaccidentrateonexpresswaysconsiderably.Inthiscaseisitpossibleforustoletithavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplace??49?Withitslimitedabilitytorecognizethingsthecarcannowonlytravelonexpressways.??Theintelligentcardeterminesitsdirectionbytheclearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizesvehiclesaccordingtotheirregularshapes.?50?Thisbeingthecasepeoplestillhavehighhopesaboutdriverlesscarsandthinkhighlyintelligentcarsarewhatthecarsofthefutureshouldbelike.??A．Expertssaythatwecannotdothatjustyet.??B．Inthenearfutureintelligentcarswillbeputintocommercialoperation.??C．Thisisthebrainofthecar.??D．Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself???E?Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimagessentbythecameraswithin100milliseconds.??F?Howeveritcannotrecognizemovingpeopleandbicyclesonordinaryroadsthathavenoclearmarkingsonthem.
GoingHerOwnWay WhenshewastwelveMariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.ShedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducationMostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschoolthoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing"schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusicartneedleworkandhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistimeshehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark. Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschoolsomethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetimethereweretwotypesofhighschools:the"classical"schoolsandthe"technical"schools.IntheclassicalschoolsthestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudieswithcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliteratureandItalianliteratureandhistory1.Thefewgirlswhocontinuedstudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools. Mariahoweverwantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodemthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguagesmathematicsscienceandaccounting2.Mostpeople—includingMaria’sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermoretheydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem. Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschoolshehadtowinherfather’sapproval.Shefinallydidwithhermother’shelpthoughformanyyearsaftertherewastensioninthefamily.Maria’sfathercontinuedtoopposeherplanswhilehermotherhelpedher. In1883atagethirteenMariaenteredthe"RegiaScuolaTecnicaMichelangeloBuonarroti"inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodernsubjectstheteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemandingdisciplineintheclassroomwasstrictandpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient. Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.
SearchontheComputer WhatdifferencedoesitmakeifwereadtextsdisplayedonacomputerscreeninsteadofonpaperprintedwithinkThecomputercertainlydoesnotguaranteedeepercomprehensiongreatersubtletyofmindorawiderrangeofimaginativereference.Themediationofacomputerhoweverputnewpowersatthedisposalofintelligence.Foronethingthecomputerisitselfcandosimplereading—asIhavenoteditcan"read"animmensebodyofliteratureinsearchofdesignatedwords.Asanyoneknowswhohaseverspentdaysinlibrariesinsearchoferrant错误的informationsimplyidentifyingrelevantsourcesabsorbsinordinate无节制的过度的amountsoftimeinresearch.Theobjectionsmightberaisedthatasearchoftextsbycomputermayblocktheserendipitous偶然得到的discoveriesthatoccurwhilebrowsinginthestacksofgreatlibraries.Nomemberoftheacademyneedfearthattheuseofcomputerwillkeephimfromthestacksbutbrowsingisifanythingeasieriftextscanbecalleduponascreeninthesenerityofone’schosensurroundings Thegreatdeficiencyoflibrariesasweknowthemisthatwhiletitlesarecataloguedthelibrarieshavenomasterindexesofthecontentsofbooks.Individualvolumesitistruehaveindexesoftenofinferiorqualitybuteventhebestindexesmustbeexaminedoneatatime.Thegreatadvantageoftheelectroniclibraryisthatacomputercouldsearchandanalyzeitscontentswithoutproceedingvolumebyvolume.Asworkinartificialintelligencedevelopscomputersystemsmayalsobecomeadeptatmorecomplextaskssuchassummarizingtextswhichhasbeenaccomplishedexperimentally. Thewordliteratureline5paragraph1isrefersto
GoingBacktoItsBirthplaceNosportingeventtakesholdoftheworld’sattentionandimaginationliketheOlympicGamesThefootballworldCupfascinatesfansinEuropeandSouthAmerica;baseball’sWorldSeriesisrequiredviewinginNorthAmerica;andtheworldtableTennisChampionshipsattractsthemostinterestinAsia.ButtheOlympicsbelongtothewholeworld.Nowaftertravellingto17countriesover108yearsthesummerGamesarereturningtoAthenstheplacewherethefirstmodernOlympicswasheld.ParticipationintheGamesislookedonnotonlyasanachievementbutalsoasanhonour.The16daysbetweenAugust13and29willseearecordthat202countriescompeteupfromSydney’s199.AfghanistanisbackhavingbeenbannedfromSydneybecausetheTalibangovernmentdidn’tletwomendosports.ThereisalsoaplacefornewcomersEastTimerandKiribati.Atotalof10500athleteswillcompetein28sportswatchedby53millionticketpayingviewersaswellasatelevisionaudienceof4billion.AthensistouseitsrichhistoryandculturetomaketheOlympicsasspecialaspossible.TheGameswillopenwithcyclingeventswhichstartinfrontoftheParthenonandAcropolismonuments.Thefinaleventwillbeahistoricmen’smarathonfollowingtheoriginalroutebyPhidippidesin490BCtobringnewsofvictoryoverthePersians.TheancientstadiumatOlympiafirstusedfortheGamesnearlythreecenturiesagowillstagetheshotputcompetitions.AndthePanathenianStadiumwherethefirstmodemOlympicswasheldistohostthearchery射箭events.Ifthewell-knownancientsitesdeliveragreatsenseofhistorytotheGamesthe39newvenuesaddamodemtouchtothecityofAthens.ThemainOlympicstadiumwithagiantglassandsteelroofisthelandmark标志buildingoftheOlympics.Webelievethatwewillorganizea’magical’Games.saidAthens2004PresidentGiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalaki.OurhistorywiththeOlympicGamesgoesbacknearly3000yearsandAthens2004couldbethebestever./ThePanathenianStadiumisthelandmarkbuildingofOlympics.
IceExplorerReadyForLaunchTheEuropeanspaceagency’smissiontoassessthestateoftheworld’sicecoverislikelytolaunchinFebruary.TheCryosat-2spacecraftwillgointoorbitonaDneprrocketfromBaikonurKazakhstantheagencyhasannounced.Thesatelliteisarebuildofthemissionthatwasdestroyedin2005whenitslauncherfailedjustminutesintoitsflight.Cryosat-2’sradarinstrumentwillmakedetailedmapsoftheicethatcoversbothseaandlandatthepoles.DatafromothersatelliteshasalreadyindicatedthatsomeofthiscoverisdiminishingatarapidrateinresponsetoclimatechangewiththebiggestmeltingoccurringintheArctic.ThecompletedCryosat-2isundergoingfinalcheckshereattheIABGtechnicalcentreinOttobrunnnearMunichGermanyatestfacilityusedbysatellitemanafacturers.ItwashopedCryosat-2couldlaunchinDecemberbuttheflighthasbeendelayednowuntilnextyear.EsasaidtherewasaqueueofmissionswaitingforarideontheRussian-UkrainianDneprrocket.Yesit’sfrustratinghutthat’sbowitisconcededVolkerLiebigEsa’sdirectorofEarthobservationpragrammes.Ontheotherhanditgivesusalittlebitmoretimeto[trainandpreparethegroundteam]whichmeanswhenwedogetintoorbitwe’llbereadytostartoperationsrapidlybecauseofalltheworkwe’vedobeinadvance.Missionmanagersaretargeting28Februaryforalaunch.TheinabilityoftheagencytoloftitssatellitesatatimeofitschoosingshouldbecomelessofaproblemwhenithasaccesstoitsnewVegarocket.VegawhichwilloperateoutofEurope’sKourouspaceportinFrenchGuianahasbeendesignedspecificallytocarrysmallinstitutionalpayloadssuchasCryosattoodfit.Howevertherocketisnotexpectedtoenterintoserviceuntilthemiddleofnextyear.Cryosat-2ispartofEsa’sEarthExplorerprogramme-sevenspacecraftthatwilldoinnovativescienceinobtainingdataonissuesofpressingenvironmentalconcern.ThefirstintheseriesGoceGravityFieldandSteadyr-StateOceanCirculationwaslaunchedinMarch.Whyisthelaunchdelayed
{{*HTML*}}ANewCitizenshipTest1?LastweekasampleofthenewUScitizenship公民身份examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServicesUS-CIS.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghasasthecurrenttestdoesthenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernmentanapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2?ThegoalistomakeitmoremeaningfulexplainsEmilioGonzalezdirectoroftheUS-CIS.ImmigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetterunderstandingandrespectforUScivic公民的valuesGonzalezsays.3?TheUSisn’ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogetasharedcommitmentfromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry’svalues.Inrecentyearsinadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatusseveralEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarchanewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnude裸体的womenbathingatbeachesandgay同性恋的menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethatnewcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry’sliberalsocialmores风俗.4?Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.Buttodaythefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountriesaftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes少数民族聚居区inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5?Officialsbelievethataperson’sattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.Howeversomecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate同化themselves.Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?saysAliNooranioftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition难民辩护联盟.{{*HTML*}}Atoknowalotmoreaboutthecountry??Btowatchavideo??Ctohelpimmigrantsacceptthenewculture??DtomarryAmericancitizens??Etodolow-skilljobs??Ftoanswer??27.Thequestionsinthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult______.
Haveyoutalkedtoherlately
{{*HTML*}}A.Reasonfornaminghurricanes??B.Warningofanapproachinghurricane??C.Deadlywomen??D.Historyofnaminghurricanes??E.Organizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes??F.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph3______
SincetheGreatDepressiontheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.
GoingHerOwnWay WhenshewastwelveMariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.ShedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducationMostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschoolthoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing"schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusicartneedleworkandhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistimeshehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark. Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschoolsomethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetimethereweretwotypesofhighschools:the"classical"schoolsandthe"technical"schools.IntheclassicalschoolsthestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudieswithcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliteratureandItalianliteratureandhistory1.Thefewgirlswhocontinuedstudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools. Mariahoweverwantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodemthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguagesmathematicsscienceandaccounting2.Mostpeople—includingMaria’sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermoretheydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem. Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschoolshehadtowinherfather’sapproval.Shefinallydidwithhermother’shelpthoughformanyyearsaftertherewastensioninthefamily.Maria’sfathercontinuedtoopposeherplanswhilehermotherhelpedher. In1883atagethirteenMariaenteredthe"RegiaScuolaTecnicaMichelangeloBuonarroti"inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodernsubjectstheteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemandingdisciplineintheclassroomwasstrictandpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient. Mariawantedtoattend.
Communicationsatellitesgenerallyusesolarcellsastheirsourceofelectricpoweralthoughsometestsatelliteshaveusedthermoelectricgenerators.
Participationinintramuralsportsisrequired.
IceExplorerReadyForLaunchTheEuropeanspaceagency’smissiontoassessthestateoftheworld’sicecoverislikelytolaunchinFebruary.TheCryosat-2spacecraftwillgointoorbitonaDneprrocketfromBaikonurKazakhstantheagencyhasannounced.Thesatelliteisarebuildofthemissionthatwasdestroyedin2005whenitslauncherfailedjustminutesintoitsflight.Cryosat-2’sradarinstrumentwillmakedetailedmapsoftheicethatcoversbothseaandlandatthepoles.DatafromothersatelliteshasalreadyindicatedthatsomeofthiscoverisdiminishingatarapidrateinresponsetoclimatechangewiththebiggestmeltingoccurringintheArctic.ThecompletedCryosat-2isundergoingfinalcheckshereattheIABGtechnicalcentreinOttobrunnnearMunichGermanyatestfacilityusedbysatellitemanafacturers.ItwashopedCryosat-2couldlaunchinDecemberbuttheflighthasbeendelayednowuntilnextyear.EsasaidtherewasaqueueofmissionswaitingforarideontheRussian-UkrainianDneprrocket.Yesit’sfrustratinghutthat’sbowitisconcededVolkerLiebigEsa’sdirectorofEarthobservationpragrammes.Ontheotherhanditgivesusalittlebitmoretimeto[trainandpreparethegroundteam]whichmeanswhenwedogetintoorbitwe’llbereadytostartoperationsrapidlybecauseofalltheworkwe’vedobeinadvance.Missionmanagersaretargeting28Februaryforalaunch.TheinabilityoftheagencytoloftitssatellitesatatimeofitschoosingshouldbecomelessofaproblemwhenithasaccesstoitsnewVegarocket.VegawhichwilloperateoutofEurope’sKourouspaceportinFrenchGuianahasbeendesignedspecificallytocarrysmallinstitutionalpayloadssuchasCryosattoodfit.Howevertherocketisnotexpectedtoenterintoserviceuntilthemiddleofnextyear.Cryosat-2ispartofEsa’sEarthExplorerprogramme-sevenspacecraftthatwilldoinnovativescienceinobtainingdataonissuesofpressingenvironmentalconcern.ThefirstintheseriesGoceGravityFieldandSteadyr-StateOceanCirculationwaslaunchedinMarch.WhatisrightaboutCryosat-2
GoingHerOwnWay WhenshewastwelveMariamadeherfirstimportantdecisionaboutthecourseofherlife.ShedecidedthatshewantedtocontinuehereducationMostgirlsfrommiddle-classfamilieschosetostayhomeafterprimaryschoolthoughsomeattendedprivateCatholic"finishing"schools.Theretheylearnedalittleaboutmusicartneedleworkandhowtomakepoliteconversation.ThiswasnotthesortofeducationthatinterestedMaria—orhermother.Bythistimeshehadbeguntotakeherstudiesmoreseriously.Shereadconstantlyandbroughtherbookseverywhere.Onetimesheevenbroughthermathbooktothetheaterandtriedtostudyinthedark. Mariaknewthatshewantedtogoonlearninginaseriousway.Thatmeantattendingthepublichighschoolsomethingthatveryfewgirlsdid.InItalyatthetimethereweretwotypesofhighschools:the"classical"schoolsandthe"technical"schools.IntheclassicalschoolsthestudentsfollowedaverytraditionalprogramofstudieswithcoursesinLatinandGreeklanguageandliteratureandItalianliteratureandhistory1.Thefewgirlswhocontinuedstudyingafterprimaryschoolusuallychosetheseschools. Mariahoweverwantedtoattendatechnicalschool.Thetechnicalschoolsweremoremodemthantheclassicalschoolsandtheyofferedcoursesinmodernlanguagesmathematicsscienceandaccounting2.Mostpeople—includingMaria’sfather—believedthatgirlswouldneverbeabletounderstandthesesubjects.Furthermoretheydidnotthinkitwasproperforgirlstostudythem. Mariadidnotcareifitwasproperornot.Mathandsciencewerethesubjectsthatinterestedhermost.Butbeforeshecouldsignupforthetechnicalschoolshehadtowinherfather’sapproval.Shefinallydidwithhermother’shelpthoughformanyyearsaftertherewastensioninthefamily.Maria’sfathercontinuedtoopposeherplanswhilehermotherhelpedher. In1883atagethirteenMariaenteredthe"RegiaScuolaTecnicaMichelangeloBuonarroti"inRome.Herexperienceatthisschoolisdifficultforustoimagine.Thoughthecoursesincludedmodernsubjectstheteachingmethodswereverytraditional.Learningconsistedofmemorizinglonglistsoffactsandrepeatingthembacktotheteacher.Studentswerenotsupposedtoaskquestionsorthinkforthemselvesinanyway.Teacherswereverydemandingdisciplineintheclassroomwasstrictandpunishmentwassevereforthosewhofailedtoachieveorweredisobedient. Maria’sfatherprobably.
SearchontheComputer WhatdifferencedoesitmakeifwereadtextsdisplayedonacomputerscreeninsteadofonpaperprintedwithinkThecomputercertainlydoesnotguaranteedeepercomprehensiongreatersubtletyofmindorawiderrangeofimaginativereference.Themediationofacomputerhoweverputnewpowersatthedisposalofintelligence.Foronethingthecomputerisitselfcandosimplereading—asIhavenoteditcan"read"animmensebodyofliteratureinsearchofdesignatedwords.Asanyoneknowswhohaseverspentdaysinlibrariesinsearchoferrant错误的informationsimplyidentifyingrelevantsourcesabsorbsinordinate无节制的过度的amountsoftimeinresearch.Theobjectionsmightberaisedthatasearchoftextsbycomputermayblocktheserendipitous偶然得到的discoveriesthatoccurwhilebrowsinginthestacksofgreatlibraries.Nomemberoftheacademyneedfearthattheuseofcomputerwillkeephimfromthestacksbutbrowsingisifanythingeasieriftextscanbecalleduponascreeninthesenerityofone’schosensurroundings Thegreatdeficiencyoflibrariesasweknowthemisthatwhiletitlesarecataloguedthelibrarieshavenomasterindexesofthecontentsofbooks.Individualvolumesitistruehaveindexesoftenofinferiorqualitybuteventhebestindexesmustbeexaminedoneatatime.Thegreatadvantageoftheelectroniclibraryisthatacomputercouldsearchandanalyzeitscontentswithoutproceedingvolumebyvolume.Asworkinartificialintelligencedevelopscomputersystemsmayalsobecomeadeptatmorecomplextaskssuchassummarizingtextswhichhasbeenaccomplishedexperimentally. Computersystemswillworkbetterinthefuture
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDensonRidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergartenlastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburg.Knowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfcagree.BraceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversincemygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.Thewordmirrorinthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedby______.
GoingBacktoItsBirthplaceNosportingeventtakesholdoftheworld’sattentionandimaginationliketheOlympicGamesThefootballworldCupfascinatesfansinEuropeandSouthAmerica;baseball’sWorldSeriesisrequiredviewinginNorthAmerica;andtheworldtableTennisChampionshipsattractsthemostinterestinAsia.ButtheOlympicsbelongtothewholeworld.Nowaftertravellingto17countriesover108yearsthesummerGamesarereturningtoAthenstheplacewherethefirstmodernOlympicswasheld.ParticipationintheGamesislookedonnotonlyasanachievementbutalsoasanhonour.The16daysbetweenAugust13and29willseearecordthat202countriescompeteupfromSydney’s199.AfghanistanisbackhavingbeenbannedfromSydneybecausetheTalibangovernmentdidn’tletwomendosports.ThereisalsoaplacefornewcomersEastTimerandKiribati.Atotalof10500athleteswillcompetein28sportswatchedby53millionticketpayingviewersaswellasatelevisionaudienceof4billion.AthensistouseitsrichhistoryandculturetomaketheOlympicsasspecialaspossible.TheGameswillopenwithcyclingeventswhichstartinfrontoftheParthenonandAcropolismonuments.Thefinaleventwillbeahistoricmen’smarathonfollowingtheoriginalroutebyPhidippidesin490BCtobringnewsofvictoryoverthePersians.TheancientstadiumatOlympiafirstusedfortheGamesnearlythreecenturiesagowillstagetheshotputcompetitions.AndthePanathenianStadiumwherethefirstmodemOlympicswasheldistohostthearchery射箭events.Ifthewell-knownancientsitesdeliveragreatsenseofhistorytotheGamesthe39newvenuesaddamodemtouchtothecityofAthens.ThemainOlympicstadiumwithagiantglassandsteelroofisthelandmark标志buildingoftheOlympics.Webelievethatwewillorganizea’magical’Games.saidAthens2004PresidentGiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalaki.OurhistorywiththeOlympicGamesgoesbacknearly3000yearsandAthens2004couldbethebestever./TheGameswillopenwithcyclingeventsbecausetheseeventswilltakeholdoftheworld’sattention.
{{*HTML*}}VirtualDriver??Drivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenearsanalyzingwithabrainandcoordinationbetweenhandsfeetandbrain.Amanhassharpeyesandkeenearsanalyzesthroughhisbrainandmaintainscoordinationbetweenhishandsandbrains.Hecancontrolafast-movingcatwithdifferentpartsofhisbody.?46?Apparentlythereisn’tanyoneinthedriver’scabbutthereisinfactavirtualdriver.Thisvirtualdriverhaseyesbrainshandsandfeettoo.Theminicamerasoneachsideofthecarareitseyesandareresponsibleforobservingtheroadconditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleftandfight.Ifyouopenthebootyoucanseethemostimportantpartoftheautomaticdrivingsystem:abuilt-incomputer.?47?Thebrainofthecarisresponsibleforcalculatingthespeedsobjectssurroundingthecararemovingatanalyzingtheirpositionontheroadchoosingthefightpathandgivingorderstothewheelandthecontrolsystem.??Incomparisonwiththehumanbrainthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageisthatitreactsquickly.?48??Howeverittakestheworld’sbestracecardriveratleastonesecondtoreactandthisdoesn’tincludethetimeheneedstotakeaction.??Withitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrolthevirtualdrivercanreducetheaccidentrateonexpresswaysconsiderably.Inthiscaseisitpossibleforustoletithavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplace??49?Withitslimitedabilitytorecognizethingsthecarcannowonlytravelonexpressways.??Theintelligentcardeterminesitsdirectionbytheclearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizesvehiclesaccordingtotheirregularshapes.?50?Thisbeingthecasepeoplestillhavehighhopesaboutdriverlesscarsandthinkhighlyintelligentcarsarewhatthecarsofthefutureshouldbelike.??A．Expertssaythatwecannotdothatjustyet.??B．Inthenearfutureintelligentcarswillbeputintocommercialoperation.??C．Thisisthebrainofthecar.??D．Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself???E?Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimagessentbythecameraswithin100milliseconds.??F?Howeveritcannotrecognizemovingpeopleandbicyclesonordinaryroadsthathavenoclearmarkingsonthem.
{{*HTML*}}ANewCitizenshipTest1?LastweekasampleofthenewUScitizenship公民身份examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServicesUS-CIS.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghasasthecurrenttestdoesthenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernmentanapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2?ThegoalistomakeitmoremeaningfulexplainsEmilioGonzalezdirectoroftheUS-CIS.ImmigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetterunderstandingandrespectforUScivic公民的valuesGonzalezsays.3?TheUSisn’ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogetasharedcommitmentfromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry’svalues.Inrecentyearsinadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatusseveralEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarchanewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnude裸体的womenbathingatbeachesandgay同性恋的menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethatnewcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry’sliberalsocialmores风俗.4?Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.Buttodaythefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountriesaftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes少数民族聚居区inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5?Officialsbelievethataperson’sattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.Howeversomecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate同化themselves.Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?saysAliNooranioftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition难民辩护联盟.{{*HTML*}}APreparationfortakingacitizenshiptest??BCitizenshiptestsinEuropeancountries??CImportanceofpromotingintegration??DNecessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernment??EDifferentviewsonthenewcitizenshiptest??FGoalofthenewcitizenshiptest??23.Paragraph2______
Nationalforestsmakemoneyforthegovernmentthroughthesaleoftreesforlumber.
{{*HTML*}}ANewCitizenshipTest1?LastweekasampleofthenewUScitizenship公民身份examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServicesUS-CIS.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghasasthecurrenttestdoesthenewoneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernmentanapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2?ThegoalistomakeitmoremeaningfulexplainsEmilioGonzalezdirectoroftheUS-CIS.ImmigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetterunderstandingandrespectforUScivic公民的valuesGonzalezsays.3?TheUSisn’ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogetasharedcommitmentfromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry’svalues.Inrecentyearsinadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsandeconomicstatusseveralEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarchanewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnude裸体的womenbathingatbeachesandgay同性恋的menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethatnewcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry’sliberalsocialmores风俗.4?Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.Buttodaythefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountriesaftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes少数民族聚居区inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5?Officialsbelievethataperson’sattachmenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.Howeversomecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate同化themselves.Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?saysAliNooranioftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition难民辩护联盟.IntheDutchcitizenshiptestallwould-beimmigrantsarerequired______.
Thethiefwasfinallycapturedtwomilesawayfromthevillage．
ADSisafataldisease.
{{*HTML*}}A.helpothersout??B.takecareoftheirchildren??C.dealwiththemedia??D.raisetheirchildren??E.realizetheirdreams??F.seetheworldOperatunitymayhelpordinarypeopleto______.
{{*HTML*}}A.helpothersout??B.takecareoftheirchildren??C.dealwiththemedia??D.raisetheirchildren??E.realizetheirdreams??F.seetheworldWhiletravelingDeniseandJanehadtoasksomeoneto______.
GoingBacktoItsBirthplaceNosportingeventtakesholdoftheworld’sattentionandimaginationliketheOlympicGamesThefootballworldCupfascinatesfansinEuropeandSouthAmerica;baseball’sWorldSeriesisrequiredviewinginNorthAmerica;andtheworldtableTennisChampionshipsattractsthemostinterestinAsia.ButtheOlympicsbelongtothewholeworld.Nowaftertravellingto17countriesover108yearsthesummerGamesarereturningtoAthenstheplacewherethefirstmodernOlympicswasheld.ParticipationintheGamesislookedonnotonlyasanachievementbutalsoasanhonour.The16daysbetweenAugust13and29willseearecordthat202countriescompeteupfromSydney’s199.AfghanistanisbackhavingbeenbannedfromSydneybecausetheTalibangovernmentdidn’tletwomendosports.ThereisalsoaplacefornewcomersEastTimerandKiribati.Atotalof10500athleteswillcompetein28sportswatchedby53millionticketpayingviewersaswellasatelevisionaudienceof4billion.AthensistouseitsrichhistoryandculturetomaketheOlympicsasspecialaspossible.TheGameswillopenwithcyclingeventswhichstartinfrontoftheParthenonandAcropolismonuments.Thefinaleventwillbeahistoricmen’smarathonfollowingtheoriginalroutebyPhidippidesin490BCtobringnewsofvictoryoverthePersians.TheancientstadiumatOlympiafirstusedfortheGamesnearlythreecenturiesagowillstagetheshotputcompetitions.AndthePanathenianStadiumwherethefirstmodemOlympicswasheldistohostthearchery射箭events.Ifthewell-knownancientsitesdeliveragreatsenseofhistorytotheGamesthe39newvenuesaddamodemtouchtothecityofAthens.ThemainOlympicstadiumwithagiantglassandsteelroofisthelandmark标志buildingoftheOlympics.Webelievethatwewillorganizea’magical’Games.saidAthens2004PresidentGiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalaki.OurhistorywiththeOlympicGamesgoesbacknearly3000yearsandAthens2004couldbethebestever./ParticipationintheOlympicGamesislookeduponasanhonoraswellasanachievement.
Strictsanitaryprocedureshelptoforestalloutbreaksofdisease.
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