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第一篇 Two People，Two Paths You must be familiar with the situation：Dad’s drivin...
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SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. Peopledidnotlikeusingthesubwaybeforeanorganizedgroupofgraffitiaritistscame.
第1篇 TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.ThescientistsmadethedeductionthattheIceman
Theprojectrequiredtenyearsof{{U}}diligent{{/U}}research.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. Temperisinvolvedinmanydifferentaspectsofhip-hopculture.
Ouraggrangementswerethrownintocomplete{{U}}turmoil{{/U}}.
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
第三篇TheWorldCup Thissummer’sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld’sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazilGermanyorItaly. WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilian?OurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurpriseaccuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994theteamabandonedthisstyleformodernscientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecupbutinaboringway. TheItaliansthinkdifferently.TomanyItaliansthescore0-0hasagloriousqualitysuggestingperfectionsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.IntheItalianculturetheideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefenses.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It’sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem. InHollandthereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview.EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegamesaysArnoldMuhren.Youplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet. ADutchplayerarguessaysSimonKuper.AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier.ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strengthaggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker. IftheEnglishliketofighttheGermansliketowin.InrecentyearsGermanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam.FootballisasimplegameGaryLinekeroncesaid.YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin. It’sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop. WhydomanyItaliansthinkthatthescore0-0hasagloriousquality?
Patriciastaredattheothergirlswith{{U}}resentment{{/U}}.
第二篇Milosevic’sDeath FormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002. BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuntypicalsaysSlavoljubDjukichisunofficialbiographer.Hewasnotinterestedinsportsavoidedexcursions短途旅行andusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie.Oneofhisoldfriendssaidhecouldimaginehimasastation-masterorpunctilious一丝不苟的civilservant. IndeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecomehadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce. Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia’sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed. ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbiaKosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoinghechangedintoaruthless无情的anddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.Conspiring密谋withthedirectorofSerbianTVhemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry. HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-known:hisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia’sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrightspowerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslaviaandheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000. SoonafterthisSerbia’snewgovernmentledbyZoranDjindjicarrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague. Allofthefollowingpersonschangedhisfateinonewayoranotherexcept
第二篇Milosevic’sDeath FormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002. BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuntypicalsaysSlavoljubDjukichisunofficialbiographer.Hewasnotinterestedinsportsavoidedexcursions短途旅行andusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie.Oneofhisoldfriendssaidhecouldimaginehimasastation-masterorpunctilious一丝不苟的civilservant. IndeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecomehadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce. Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia’sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed. ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbiaKosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoinghechangedintoaruthless无情的anddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.Conspiring密谋withthedirectorofSerbianTVhemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry. HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-known:hisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia’sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrightspowerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslaviaandheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000. SoonafterthisSerbia’snewgovernmentledbyZoranDjindjicarrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague. WheredidMilosevicdie?
Iwanttoprovidemyboyswitha{{U}}decent{{/U}}education.
第一篇TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
CreatingaWorldwithoutSmoking SmokingwillbebannedinallpubsclubsandworkplacesfromnextyearafterhistoricvotesintheCommonslastnight.Afterlast-minuteappealsfromhealthcampaignersMPsoptedforablanketprohibitionwhichwillstartinsummer2007endingmonthsofargumentoverwhethersmokersshouldbebarredinpubsandrestaurantsonly.Theyvotedtobansmokinginallpubsandclubsby384to184asurprisinglylargemajorityof200. Smokingwillstillbeallowedinthehomeandinplacesconsideredtobehomessuchasprisonscarehomesandhotels. Smokerslightingupinbannedareaswillfaceafixedpenaltynoticeof￡50andspotfinesof￡200willbeintroducedforfailingtodisplayno-smokingsignswiththepossiblepenaltyiftheissuegoestocourtincreasingto￡1000. CarplineFlintthePublicHealthMinisteralsoannouncedthatthefineforfailingtostoppeoplesmokinginbannedareaswouldbeincreasedto￡2500-morethantentimesthe￡200originallyproposed. TheBillalsoallowstheGovernmenttoincreasetheageforbuyingcigarettes.Ministerswillconsultonraisingitfrom16to18. TheBillnowgoestotheLordsbutwillbethroughbythesummerrecess. EvenaplantoallowsmokingtocontinueinprivateclubswasthrownoutasMPsonallsidesweregivenpermissiontovotewiththeirconscienceratherthanonapartyline. PatriciaHewitttheHealthSecretarysaidtheHealthBillwouldbansmokinginvirtuallyeveryenclosedpublicplaceandworkplaceinEnglandandsavethousandsoflivesayear.Smoke-freeworkplacesandpublicplaceswillbecomethenorm. Shesaid:Anadditional600000peoplewillgiveupsmokingasaresultofthislawandmillionsmorewillbeprotectedfromsecond-handsmoke. PeterHollinsdirector-generaloftheBritishHeartFoundationsaid:Thevoteisalandmarkvictoryforthepublichealthofthiscountryandwillsavethelivesofmanypeople. TheGovernmentwillshutdowncigarettefactoriesinlargenumbers.
第一篇TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
第二篇Milosevic’sDeath FormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002. BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuntypicalsaysSlavoljubDjukichisunofficialbiographer.Hewasnotinterestedinsportsavoidedexcursions短途旅行andusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie.Oneofhisoldfriendssaidhecouldimaginehimasastation-masterorpunctilious一丝不苟的civilservant. IndeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecomehadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce. Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia’sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed. ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbiaKosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoinghechangedintoaruthless无情的anddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.Conspiring密谋withthedirectorofSerbianTVhemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry. HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-known:hisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia’sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrightspowerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslaviaandheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000. SoonafterthisSerbia’snewgovernmentledbyZoranDjindjicarrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague. Whathappenedin1991?
第1篇 TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgiveusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?
Thetwobankshaveannouncedplansto{{U}}merge{{/U}}nextyear.
Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandvery{{U}}funny{{/U}}dialogues.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. MostoftheothergraffitiartistsinEnglandwereabouttenyearsolderthanTemper.
CreatingaWorldwithoutSmoking SmokingwillbebannedinallpubsclubsandworkplacesfromnextyearafterhistoricvotesintheCommonslastnight.Afterlast-minuteappealsfromhealthcampaignersMPsoptedforablanketprohibitionwhichwillstartinsummer2007endingmonthsofargumentoverwhethersmokersshouldbebarredinpubsandrestaurantsonly.Theyvotedtobansmokinginallpubsandclubsby384to184asurprisinglylargemajorityof200. Smokingwillstillbeallowedinthehomeandinplacesconsideredtobehomessuchasprisonscarehomesandhotels. Smokerslightingupinbannedareaswillfaceafixedpenaltynoticeof￡50andspotfinesof￡200willbeintroducedforfailingtodisplayno-smokingsignswiththepossiblepenaltyiftheissuegoestocourtincreasingto￡1000. CarplineFlintthePublicHealthMinisteralsoannouncedthatthefineforfailingtostoppeoplesmokinginbannedareaswouldbeincreasedto￡2500-morethantentimesthe￡200originallyproposed. TheBillalsoallowstheGovernmenttoincreasetheageforbuyingcigarettes.Ministerswillconsultonraisingitfrom16to18. TheBillnowgoestotheLordsbutwillbethroughbythesummerrecess. EvenaplantoallowsmokingtocontinueinprivateclubswasthrownoutasMPsonallsidesweregivenpermissiontovotewiththeirconscienceratherthanonapartyline. PatriciaHewitttheHealthSecretarysaidtheHealthBillwouldbansmokinginvirtuallyeveryenclosedpublicplaceandworkplaceinEnglandandsavethousandsoflivesayear.Smoke-freeworkplacesandpublicplaceswillbecomethenorm. Shesaid:Anadditional600000peoplewillgiveupsmokingasaresultofthislawandmillionsmorewillbeprotectedfromsecond-handsmoke. PeterHollinsdirector-generaloftheBritishHeartFoundationsaid:Thevoteisalandmarkvictoryforthepublichealthofthiscountryandwillsavethelivesofmanypeople. TheGovernmentwilltakenecessarymeasurestohelpsmokersgiveupsmoking.
Hewaskeptin{{U}}appalling{{/U}}conditionsinprison.
第三篇TheWorldCup Thissummer’sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld’sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazilGermanyorItaly. WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilian?OurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurpriseaccuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994theteamabandonedthisstyleformodernscientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecupbutinaboringway. TheItaliansthinkdifferently.TomanyItaliansthescore0-0hasagloriousqualitysuggestingperfectionsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.IntheItalianculturetheideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefenses.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It’sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem. InHollandthereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview.EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegamesaysArnoldMuhren.Youplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet. ADutchplayerarguessaysSimonKuper.AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier.ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strengthaggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker. IftheEnglishliketofighttheGermansliketowin.InrecentyearsGermanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam.FootballisasimplegameGaryLinekeroncesaid.YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin. It’sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheBritishfootballplayers?
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
TheWriting’sontheWall? Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为?Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory.Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghistagTAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn.Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion.Itcamefromyounginner-city peoplewhofellleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould. AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleCreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune.We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandCermanyforaweeksaysLiamoneoftheorganizers.Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes.Weallshareacommeninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother.Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway.Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway.Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain.Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow.Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountoftaggingonpeople’sprivateproperty. StreetartistsTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage.InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim.Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospendmoretimewithotherstudents.Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold.HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehampicnEngland.Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything.ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat.hesays. DemetriuswasateenagerbominNewYork.
SendingE-mailstoProfessors Onestudentskippedclassandthensenttheprofessorane-mail51forcopiesofherteachingnotes. Another52thatshewaslateforaMondayclassbecauseshewasrecoveringfromdrinkingtoomuchatawildweekendparty. AtcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSe-mailhasmadeprofessorsmoreapproachable平易近人.Butmanysayithasmadethemtooaccessible53boundariesthattraditionallykeptstudentsatahealthydistance. Thesedaysprofessorssaystudentsseemtoviewthemasavailable54theclocksendingasteadystreamofinformale-mails. Thetonethattheytakeine-mailsisprettyastounding令人吃惊的saidMichaelKessleranassistantdeanatGeorgetownUniversity.They’ll55youtohelp:’Ineedtoknowthis.’ There’safine56betweenmeetingtheirneedsandatthesametimemaintainingaleveloflegitimacy正统性asan57whoisincharge. ChristopherDedeaprofessorattheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationsaid58showthatstudentsnolongerdeferto听从theirprofessorsperhapsbecausetheyrealizethatprofessors’59couldrapidlybecomeoutdated. Thedeferencewasdrivenbythe60thatprofessorswereall-knowingsourcesofdeepknowledgeDedesaidandthatnotionhas61. Forjuniorfacultymemberse-mailsbringnewtensionintotheirworksomesayastheystrugglewithhowto62.Theirjobprospectstheyrealizemayrestinpartonstudentevaluationsoftheiraccessibility. Collegestudentssaye-mailmakes63easiertoaskquestionsandhelpsthemlearn. Buttheyseemunawarethatwhattheywriteine-mailscouldhavenegativeeffects64themsaidAlexandraLahavandassociateprofessorofLawattheUniversityofConnecticut. Sherecalledane-mailmessagefromastudentsayingthatheplannedtomissclasssohecouldplaywithhisson.ProfessorLanadidnotrespond. Suche-mailscanhaveconsequencesshesaid.Studentsdon’tunderstandthat65theysayine-mailcanmakethemseemunprofessionalandcouldresultinabadrecommendation.
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