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{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? {{B}}Stress Level Tied to Education Level{{/B}}? ?Pe...
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Asatisfactorypsychologicaltheory mustallowustopredictbehavior.Forinstanceasatisfactorytheoryofhunger willallowustopredictwhenpeoplewilleatandnoteat.Abroadlysatisfying ?{{U}}?51?{{/U}}theoryshouldhaveawiderangeofapplicability. Abroadtheoryofhungermightapply?{{U}}?52?{{/U}}humanbeings andloweranimalstonormalweightandoverweightpeopleandtopeoplewho have{{U}}?53?{{/U}}offoodfordifferinglengthsoftime.Ifour{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}cannotbeadequatelyexplainedbyorpredictedfromagiven theoryweshouldconsider?revisingorreplacingthattheory.? ?Inpsychologymanytheorieshavebeenfoundtobe{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofexplainingorpredictingnewobservations.Asaresulttheyhave beenrevised{{U}}?56?{{/U}}.Forexamplethetheorythathunger resultsfromstomachcontractionsmaybe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}correctfor normalweightindividualsbutitisinadequateasan{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}forfeelingsofhungeramongtheoverweight.{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theoriesalsofocusonbiologicalvariablessuchasfatcellsand brain??{{U}}?60?{{/U}}andpsychologicalvariables suchasthepresenceofotherpeoplewhoareeatingandthetimeof day.??The{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofcontrollingbehaviorin psychologyishighly{{U}}?62?{{/U}}.Somepeopleerroneouslythink thatpsychologistsseekwaystomakepeopledotheirbidding—likepuppets danglingonstrings.Thisisnotso.Insteadpsychologistshelp{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}changetheirbehaviorfortheirownbenefit.? ?Psychologistsare{{U}}?64?{{/U}}tobeliefinthedignityof humanbeingsandhumandignitydemandsthatpeoplebefreetomaketheirown decisionsandchoosetheirownbehavior.Psychologistsarelearningmoreallthe timeaboutthe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}influencesonhumanbehavior?but theyapplythisknowledgeonlyuponrequestandinwaystheybelievewillbe helpful?toanindividualoran institution.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Asatisfactorypsychologicaltheory mustallowustopredictbehavior.Forinstanceasatisfactorytheoryofhunger willallowustopredictwhenpeoplewilleatandnoteat.Abroadlysatisfying ?{{U}}?51?{{/U}}theoryshouldhaveawiderangeofapplicability. Abroadtheoryofhungermightapply?{{U}}?52?{{/U}}humanbeings andloweranimalstonormalweightandoverweightpeopleandtopeoplewho have{{U}}?53?{{/U}}offoodfordifferinglengthsoftime.Ifour{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}cannotbeadequatelyexplainedbyorpredictedfromagiven theoryweshouldconsider?revisingorreplacingthattheory.? ?Inpsychologymanytheorieshavebeenfoundtobe{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofexplainingorpredictingnewobservations.Asaresulttheyhave beenrevised{{U}}?56?{{/U}}.Forexamplethetheorythathunger resultsfromstomachcontractionsmaybe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}correctfor normalweightindividualsbutitisinadequateasan{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}forfeelingsofhungeramongtheoverweight.{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theoriesalsofocusonbiologicalvariablessuchasfatcellsand brain??{{U}}?60?{{/U}}andpsychologicalvariables suchasthepresenceofotherpeoplewhoareeatingandthetimeof day.??The{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofcontrollingbehaviorin psychologyishighly{{U}}?62?{{/U}}.Somepeopleerroneouslythink thatpsychologistsseekwaystomakepeopledotheirbidding—likepuppets danglingonstrings.Thisisnotso.Insteadpsychologistshelp{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}changetheirbehaviorfortheirownbenefit.? ?Psychologistsare{{U}}?64?{{/U}}tobeliefinthedignityof humanbeingsandhumandignitydemandsthatpeoplebefreetomaketheirown decisionsandchoosetheirownbehavior.Psychologistsarelearningmoreallthe timeaboutthe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}influencesonhumanbehavior?but theyapplythisknowledgeonlyuponrequestandinwaystheybelievewillbe helpful?toanindividualoran institution.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Partscienceandpartnaturalhistory ornithology鸟类学owesitstremendouspopularityasascienceandascientific recreationtoasimplecircumstancethatissometimesforgottenwhenweweigh theeligibility有被选资格合适ofdifferentkindsofanimalsforinformalstudy.Birds aredayanimalswhereothersjustasengagingintheirway—micefor instance—arecreaturesofthenight.Apartfromtheirvisibilitysomethingvery muchintheirfavorthebeautyofbirdsandtheirmanyappealinghabitshave wonforthemahugefanfollowingthathasmorethanoncetemptedimpatientand ill-informedlaboratorybiologiststodismissornithologyassomuch bird-watching—anabsurdlyunjustjudgmentthatignoresthefactthatornithology hasmadeanumberofprofoundlyimportantcontributionstogeneral biology.??Professionalbiologistsarenothardputtoreel off滔滔不绝地讲alistofdistinctivecontributions?thatornithologyhasmade togeneralbiologyscience.TheywillciteforexampleErnstMayr’s investigationsofevolutionandthemechanismsofspeciation物种形成orM.R. Irwin’sworkontheimmunologicperformanceofspeciesofColumbidaepigeonsand dovesandofhybrids杂交种betweenthem.ThenagainDavidLack’sstudieson mortalityinwildpopulationsofbirdsarethemostilluminatinglifetablesof wildanimalsandanimaldemography统计学generally.Mostimportantofall perhapsisthecontributionthatornithologyhasmadetothestudyofanimal behaviorbeginningwithJulianHuxley’sclassicstudyofthecourtshiphabits ofthegreatcrestedgreatandfollowedbyNikoTinbergen’sstudiesonthe behaviorofherringgulls.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesinthe world-andthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaverage distancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersonin westernEuropein1965to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicles hadgivenrisetomajorproblemsincludingenvironmentalpollutiondepletion ofoilresourcestrafficcongestionandsafety.2.??Untila hundredyearsagomostjourneyswereinthe20kmrangethedistance convenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarriedbywater orrail.Theinventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobilitytothe massesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.Today90 percentofinlandfreightintheUnitedKingdomiscarriedbyroad.Clearlythe worldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeinglockedinto congestedandpollutionwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?3.? ?InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport. Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroadsone-waysystemsand parkinglots.IntheUnitedStatesmorelandisassignedtocarusethanto housing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnesttoimpossible.Mass useofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.?Other socialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressive humanbehaviour.4.??A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationfor TransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyas railtravelintermsofheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion accidentspollutionlossofcroplandandnaturalhabitatsdepletionofoil resourcesandsoon.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleand convenientmodeofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopleto giveupprivatecarsinfavourofmasstransit.5.??Technical solutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethefuelefficiencyof engines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdependonwhichcarsare preferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeoplebuylargercarsthan theyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydrivingaggressively.Besides globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethantheimprovementinemissions andfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmakingpossible.6.?? Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystemsfor travelintoandaroundcities.Withsmalllowemissioncarsforurbanuseand largerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.Electronicallytolled highwaysmightbeusedtoensurethatdriverspaychargesgearedtoactualroad use.Betterintegrationoftransportsystemsisalsohighlydesirable-andmade morefeasiblebymoderncomputers.Butthesearesolutionsforcountrieswhich canaffordthem.Inmostdevelopingcountriesoldcarsandoldtechnologies continuetopredominate.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Imagineeatingeverythingdelicious yourwant--withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreatwouldn’tit?? ?NewfakefatproductsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStates recentlybutnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproductswhich containacompoundcalledolestrasayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefat fromcertainfoods.Criticshoweversaythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyof essentialvitaminsandnutrients营养物andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffects insomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfatfree productstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.??Chemistsdiscovered olestrainthelate1960swhentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbe digestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfatthe researcherscreatedafatthecan’tbedigestedatall.? ?Normallyspecialchemicalsintheintestines肠grabmoleculesof regularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeof regularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfatty acids.??Thefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbring withthemtheessentialvitaminsADEandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresent intheintestineswithanyofthosevitaminsthevitaminsattachtothe moleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.??Olestrawhich ismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacidsistoolargeforthe intestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbroken down.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughthe intestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovides consumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.But criticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsADEandKfrombeingabsorbed. ?Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids类胡萝卜素compoundsthat mayreducetheriskofcancerheartdiseaseetc.??Manufacturers areaddingvitaminsADEandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow. Evensosomenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimited amountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmany caloriestheyareconsuming.ThepossiblenegativeeffectofOlestraisthatitmayimpairthedigestivesystem.
Heisoneofthosemenwhodislikework{{U}}intensely{{/U}}andwilldoanythingtoavoidit.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesinthe world-andthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaverage distancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersonin westernEuropein1965to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicles hadgivenrisetomajorproblemsincludingenvironmentalpollutiondepletion ofoilresourcestrafficcongestionandsafety.2.??Untila hundredyearsagomostjourneyswereinthe20kmrangethedistance convenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarriedbywater orrail.Theinventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobilitytothe massesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.Today90 percentofinlandfreightintheUnitedKingdomiscarriedbyroad.Clearlythe worldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeinglockedinto congestedandpollutionwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?3.? ?InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport. Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroadsone-waysystemsand parkinglots.IntheUnitedStatesmorelandisassignedtocarusethanto housing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnesttoimpossible.Mass useofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.?Other socialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressive humanbehaviour.4.??A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationfor TransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyas railtravelintermsofheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion accidentspollutionlossofcroplandandnaturalhabitatsdepletionofoil resourcesandsoon.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleand convenientmodeofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopleto giveupprivatecarsinfavourofmasstransit.5.??Technical solutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethefuelefficiencyof engines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdependonwhichcarsare preferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeoplebuylargercarsthan theyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydrivingaggressively.Besides globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethantheimprovementinemissions andfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmakingpossible.6.?? Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystemsfor travelintoandaroundcities.Withsmalllowemissioncarsforurbanuseand largerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.Electronicallytolled highwaysmightbeusedtoensurethatdriverspaychargesgearedtoactualroad use.Betterintegrationoftransportsystemsisalsohighlydesirable-andmade morefeasiblebymoderncomputers.Butthesearesolutionsforcountrieswhich canaffordthem.Inmostdevelopingcountriesoldcarsandoldtechnologies continuetopredominate.Transportbyhorsewouldnotbe______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesinthe world-andthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaverage distancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersonin westernEuropein1965to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicles hadgivenrisetomajorproblemsincludingenvironmentalpollutiondepletion ofoilresourcestrafficcongestionandsafety.2.??Untila hundredyearsagomostjourneyswereinthe20kmrangethedistance convenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarriedbywater orrail.Theinventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobilitytothe massesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.Today90 percentofinlandfreightintheUnitedKingdomiscarriedbyroad.Clearlythe worldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeinglockedinto congestedandpollutionwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?3.? ?InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport. Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroadsone-waysystemsand parkinglots.IntheUnitedStatesmorelandisassignedtocarusethanto housing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnesttoimpossible.Mass useofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.?Other socialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressive humanbehaviour.4.??A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationfor TransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyas railtravelintermsofheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion accidentspollutionlossofcroplandandnaturalhabitatsdepletionofoil resourcesandsoon.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleand convenientmodeofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopleto giveupprivatecarsinfavourofmasstransit.5.??Technical solutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethefuelefficiencyof engines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdependonwhichcarsare preferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeoplebuylargercarsthan theyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydrivingaggressively.Besides globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethantheimprovementinemissions andfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmakingpossible.6.?? Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystemsfor travelintoandaroundcities.Withsmalllowemissioncarsforurbanuseand largerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.Electronicallytolled highwaysmightbeusedtoensurethatdriverspaychargesgearedtoactualroad use.Betterintegrationoftransportsystemsisalsohighlydesirable-andmade morefeasiblebymoderncomputers.Butthesearesolutionsforcountrieswhich canaffordthem.Inmostdevelopingcountriesoldcarsandoldtechnologies continuetopredominate.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Asatisfactorypsychologicaltheory mustallowustopredictbehavior.Forinstanceasatisfactorytheoryofhunger willallowustopredictwhenpeoplewilleatandnoteat.Abroadlysatisfying ?{{U}}?51?{{/U}}theoryshouldhaveawiderangeofapplicability. Abroadtheoryofhungermightapply?{{U}}?52?{{/U}}humanbeings andloweranimalstonormalweightandoverweightpeopleandtopeoplewho have{{U}}?53?{{/U}}offoodfordifferinglengthsoftime.Ifour{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}cannotbeadequatelyexplainedbyorpredictedfromagiven theoryweshouldconsider?revisingorreplacingthattheory.? ?Inpsychologymanytheorieshavebeenfoundtobe{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofexplainingorpredictingnewobservations.Asaresulttheyhave beenrevised{{U}}?56?{{/U}}.Forexamplethetheorythathunger resultsfromstomachcontractionsmaybe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}correctfor normalweightindividualsbutitisinadequateasan{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}forfeelingsofhungeramongtheoverweight.{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theoriesalsofocusonbiologicalvariablessuchasfatcellsand brain??{{U}}?60?{{/U}}andpsychologicalvariables suchasthepresenceofotherpeoplewhoareeatingandthetimeof day.??The{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofcontrollingbehaviorin psychologyishighly{{U}}?62?{{/U}}.Somepeopleerroneouslythink thatpsychologistsseekwaystomakepeopledotheirbidding—likepuppets danglingonstrings.Thisisnotso.Insteadpsychologistshelp{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}changetheirbehaviorfortheirownbenefit.? ?Psychologistsare{{U}}?64?{{/U}}tobeliefinthedignityof humanbeingsandhumandignitydemandsthatpeoplebefreetomaketheirown decisionsandchoosetheirownbehavior.Psychologistsarelearningmoreallthe timeaboutthe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}influencesonhumanbehavior?but theyapplythisknowledgeonlyuponrequestandinwaystheybelievewillbe helpful?toanindividualoran institution.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Asatisfactorypsychologicaltheory mustallowustopredictbehavior.Forinstanceasatisfactorytheoryofhunger willallowustopredictwhenpeoplewilleatandnoteat.Abroadlysatisfying ?{{U}}?51?{{/U}}theoryshouldhaveawiderangeofapplicability. Abroadtheoryofhungermightapply?{{U}}?52?{{/U}}humanbeings andloweranimalstonormalweightandoverweightpeopleandtopeoplewho have{{U}}?53?{{/U}}offoodfordifferinglengthsoftime.Ifour{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}cannotbeadequatelyexplainedbyorpredictedfromagiven theoryweshouldconsider?revisingorreplacingthattheory.? ?Inpsychologymanytheorieshavebeenfoundtobe{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofexplainingorpredictingnewobservations.Asaresulttheyhave beenrevised{{U}}?56?{{/U}}.Forexamplethetheorythathunger resultsfromstomachcontractionsmaybe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}correctfor normalweightindividualsbutitisinadequateasan{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}forfeelingsofhungeramongtheoverweight.{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theoriesalsofocusonbiologicalvariablessuchasfatcellsand brain??{{U}}?60?{{/U}}andpsychologicalvariables suchasthepresenceofotherpeoplewhoareeatingandthetimeof day.??The{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofcontrollingbehaviorin psychologyishighly{{U}}?62?{{/U}}.Somepeopleerroneouslythink thatpsychologistsseekwaystomakepeopledotheirbidding—likepuppets danglingonstrings.Thisisnotso.Insteadpsychologistshelp{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}changetheirbehaviorfortheirownbenefit.? ?Psychologistsare{{U}}?64?{{/U}}tobeliefinthedignityof humanbeingsandhumandignitydemandsthatpeoplebefreetomaketheirown decisionsandchoosetheirownbehavior.Psychologistsarelearningmoreallthe timeaboutthe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}influencesonhumanbehavior?but theyapplythisknowledgeonlyuponrequestandinwaystheybelievewillbe helpful?toanindividualoran institution.
At90manyindividualsstillremainhealthyand{{U}}energetic{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Ifthesalinity含盐量ofoceanwatersis analyzeditisroundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthat causeachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwater fromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowater vapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreasedsincethesalesstaybehind. Ifthisiscarriedtotheextremeofcoursewhitecrystalsofsaltwouldbe leftbehind;thisbythewayishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactually obtained.??Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitationsuchas rainbywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedso thatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorin coastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreased bythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionof freshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.??Normallyintropical regionswherethesunisverystrongtheoceansalinityissomewhathigherthan itisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation. Similarlyincoastalregionswhereriversdilutetheseasalinityissomewhat lowerthaninotheroceanicareas.??Athirdprocessbywhich salinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice. Whenseawaterisfrozenthedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthis mannerseawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinity thanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcoursewhenthisicemeltsitwill tendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.??Inthe WeddellSeaoffAntarcticathedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasa resultofthisfreezingprocesswhichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater. Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansofthe world.AllofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreasesalinityEXCEPT______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Theanswerdependsonwhatkindof systemisultimatelyadopted.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Thefirstisa special-purposelanesysteminwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomated vehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswould sharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purpose lanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexisting highwaysbutitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreeway高速公路 capacity.??Undereitherschemethedriverwouldspecifythe desireddestinationfurnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthe beginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.If amixedtrafficsystemwasinplaceautomateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthe driverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthe highwaydevicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthe vehicletodetermineitdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproper automationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchteststhe driverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthis casethetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceonthe entranceramp.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighway andmoveinnormalfashiontoatransitionlane.Thevehiclewouldthenshift undercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.The limitation?oftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwouldpresumablybewell respectedbecausealltrespassers非法进入者couldbeswiftlyidentifiedby authorities.??Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomated trafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththose alreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}.???A.Analternativetechniquecouldemploy conventionallaneswhichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregular vehicles.???B.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigned differentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.???C.And onceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreeto releasethewheelopenthemorningpaperorjustrelax.?? ?D.Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike??? ?E.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp入口引道.???F. Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Partscienceandpartnaturalhistory ornithology鸟类学owesitstremendouspopularityasascienceandascientific recreationtoasimplecircumstancethatissometimesforgottenwhenweweigh theeligibility有被选资格合适ofdifferentkindsofanimalsforinformalstudy.Birds aredayanimalswhereothersjustasengagingintheirway—micefor instance—arecreaturesofthenight.Apartfromtheirvisibilitysomethingvery muchintheirfavorthebeautyofbirdsandtheirmanyappealinghabitshave wonforthemahugefanfollowingthathasmorethanoncetemptedimpatientand ill-informedlaboratorybiologiststodismissornithologyassomuch bird-watching—anabsurdlyunjustjudgmentthatignoresthefactthatornithology hasmadeanumberofprofoundlyimportantcontributionstogeneral biology.??Professionalbiologistsarenothardputtoreel off滔滔不绝地讲alistofdistinctivecontributions?thatornithologyhasmade togeneralbiologyscience.TheywillciteforexampleErnstMayr’s investigationsofevolutionandthemechanismsofspeciation物种形成orM.R. Irwin’sworkontheimmunologicperformanceofspeciesofColumbidaepigeonsand dovesandofhybrids杂交种betweenthem.ThenagainDavidLack’sstudieson mortalityinwildpopulationsofbirdsarethemostilluminatinglifetablesof wildanimalsandanimaldemography统计学generally.Mostimportantofall perhapsisthecontributionthatornithologyhasmadetothestudyofanimal behaviorbeginningwithJulianHuxley’sclassicstudyofthecourtshiphabits ofthegreatcrestedgreatandfollowedbyNikoTinbergen’sstudiesonthe behaviorofherringgulls.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthefirstasareasonforpopularinterestinbirds?
In1970theUnitedStateswasstillbyfarthemostproductiveofcountriesintheworldwithagrossnationalproductof$1014750millionwhich{{U}}amounted{{/U}}to$4950perperson.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Imagineeatingeverythingdelicious yourwant--withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreatwouldn’tit?? ?NewfakefatproductsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStates recentlybutnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproductswhich containacompoundcalledolestrasayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefat fromcertainfoods.Criticshoweversaythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyof essentialvitaminsandnutrients营养物andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffects insomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfatfree productstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.??Chemistsdiscovered olestrainthelate1960swhentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbe digestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfatthe researcherscreatedafatthecan’tbedigestedatall.? ?Normallyspecialchemicalsintheintestines肠grabmoleculesof regularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeof regularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfatty acids.??Thefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbring withthemtheessentialvitaminsADEandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresent intheintestineswithanyofthosevitaminsthevitaminsattachtothe moleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.??Olestrawhich ismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacidsistoolargeforthe intestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbroken down.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughthe intestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovides consumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.But criticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsADEandKfrombeingabsorbed. ?Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids类胡萝卜素compoundsthat mayreducetheriskofcancerheartdiseaseetc.??Manufacturers areaddingvitaminsADEandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow. Evensosomenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimited amountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmany caloriestheyareconsuming.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobequiteunexpected.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Imagineeatingeverythingdelicious yourwant--withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreatwouldn’tit?? ?NewfakefatproductsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStates recentlybutnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproductswhich containacompoundcalledolestrasayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefat fromcertainfoods.Criticshoweversaythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyof essentialvitaminsandnutrients营养物andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffects insomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfatfree productstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.??Chemistsdiscovered olestrainthelate1960swhentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbe digestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfatthe researcherscreatedafatthecan’tbedigestedatall.? ?Normallyspecialchemicalsintheintestines肠grabmoleculesof regularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeof regularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfatty acids.??Thefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbring withthemtheessentialvitaminsADEandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresent intheintestineswithanyofthosevitaminsthevitaminsattachtothe moleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.??Olestrawhich ismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacidsistoolargeforthe intestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbroken down.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughthe intestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovides consumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.But criticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsADEandKfrombeingabsorbed. ?Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids类胡萝卜素compoundsthat mayreducetheriskofcancerheartdiseaseetc.??Manufacturers areaddingvitaminsADEandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow. Evensosomenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimited amountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmany caloriestheyareconsuming.Addingvitaminstoolestramaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.
Theteachersaidshelikedmycompositionandthen{{U}}proceeded{{/U}}tocriticizeeverylineofit!
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Partscienceandpartnaturalhistory ornithology鸟类学owesitstremendouspopularityasascienceandascientific recreationtoasimplecircumstancethatissometimesforgottenwhenweweigh theeligibility有被选资格合适ofdifferentkindsofanimalsforinformalstudy.Birds aredayanimalswhereothersjustasengagingintheirway—micefor instance—arecreaturesofthenight.Apartfromtheirvisibilitysomethingvery muchintheirfavorthebeautyofbirdsandtheirmanyappealinghabitshave wonforthemahugefanfollowingthathasmorethanoncetemptedimpatientand ill-informedlaboratorybiologiststodismissornithologyassomuch bird-watching—anabsurdlyunjustjudgmentthatignoresthefactthatornithology hasmadeanumberofprofoundlyimportantcontributionstogeneral biology.??Professionalbiologistsarenothardputtoreel off滔滔不绝地讲alistofdistinctivecontributions?thatornithologyhasmade togeneralbiologyscience.TheywillciteforexampleErnstMayr’s investigationsofevolutionandthemechanismsofspeciation物种形成orM.R. Irwin’sworkontheimmunologicperformanceofspeciesofColumbidaepigeonsand dovesandofhybrids杂交种betweenthem.ThenagainDavidLack’sstudieson mortalityinwildpopulationsofbirdsarethemostilluminatinglifetablesof wildanimalsandanimaldemography统计学generally.Mostimportantofall perhapsisthecontributionthatornithologyhasmadetothestudyofanimal behaviorbeginningwithJulianHuxley’sclassicstudyofthecourtshiphabits ofthegreatcrestedgreatandfollowedbyNikoTinbergen’sstudiesonthe behaviorofherringgulls.DavidLack’sresearchcontributedtobiologicalsciencespecificallyintheareaof______.
Themanwalkedintothelibraryand{{U}}dumped{{/U}}apileofbooksonthecounter.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????{{B}}High-TechWarfare 战争{{/B}}??Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstract conceptbutarealissue.Technology{{U}}?51?{{/U}}tactics sociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesin battles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}bytheapplicationofhightechnologies???High-tech warfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindof weaponcanhardlybe{{U}}?53?{{/U}}.Variousweaponrysuchas intelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforcein battlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesand Missiles{{U}}?55?{{/U}}satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemain attackweapons.??Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole. Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare{{U}}?56?{{/U}}intoa comprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh-techweaponry. Dependingonvarious{{U}}?57?{{/U}}equipmentandmeansinelectronic warfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}the battlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesin warfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthe decisivefactoraffectingthe{{U}}?59?{{/U}}ofbattles.Itishardto clearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattack anddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairsea magneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscan beconducted{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.??Becausemodernweaponry systemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronic technologytheparties{{U}}?62?{{/U}}havetopayattentiontothe usufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronic warfarebecomes{{U}}?63?{{/U}}importantandthenecessaryguaranteeof victory.Whatever{{U}}?64?{{/U}}warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak 伪装itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血. Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa{{U}}?65?{{/U}}toenhance theirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroy lives.
Wecantakecontrolaggressivelyofthewayweageanddelaybody{{U}}deterioration{{/U}}thatcausesactivitiestobeseverelylimited.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Theuseofheatpumpshasbeenheld backlargelybyskepticismaboutadvertisers’claimsthatheatpumpscanprovide asmanyastwounitsofthermalenergyforeachunitofelectricalenergyused thusapparentlycontradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation.? ?Heatpumpscirculateafluidrefrigerant致冷剂thatcyclesalternatively fromitsliquidphasetoitsvaporphaseinaclosedloop.Therefrigerant startingasalow-temperaturelowpressurevaporentersacompressor’drivenby anelectricmotor.Therefrigerantleavesthecompressorasahotdensevapor andflowsthroughaheatexchangercalledthecondenserwhichtransfersheat fromtherefrigeranttoabodyofair.Nowtherefrigerantasahigh-pressure ?cooledliquidconfrontsaflowrestrictionwhichcausesthepressureto drop.Asthepressurefallstherefrigerantexpandsandpartially vaporizesbecomingchilled.Itthenpassesthroughasecondheatexchangerthe evaporatorwhichtransfersheatfromtheairtotherefrigerantreducingthe temperatureo{thissecondbodyofair.Ofthetwoheatexchangersoneis locatedinsideandtheotheroneoutsidethehousesoeachisincontactwith adifferentbodyofair:roomairandoutsideairrespectively.? ?Theflowdirectionofrefrigerantthroughaheatpumpiscontrolledby valves.Whentherefrigerantflowisreversedtheheatexchangersswitch function.Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatexchangersswitchfunction. Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatpumpseithertoheatorcoolroom air.??Nowifundercertainconditionsaheatpumpputsoutmore thermalenergythanitconsumesinelectricalenergyhasthelawofenergy conservationbeenchallenged?Nonotevenremotely:theadditionalinputof thermalenergyintothecirculatingrefrigerantviatheevaporatoraccountsfor thedifferenceintheenergyequation.??Unfortunatelythereis onerealproblem.Theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpdecreasesastheoutdoor temperaturefalls.Thedropincapacityiscausedbythelesseningamountof refrigerantmassmovedthroughthecompressoratonetime.Theheatingcapacity isproportionaltothismassflowrate:thelessthemassofrefrigerantbeing compressedthelessthethermalloaditcantransferthroughtheheat-pump cycle.Thevolume{lowrateofrefrigerantvaporthroughthesingle-speedrotary compressorusedinheatpumpsisapproximatelyconstant.Butcoldrefrigerant vaporenteringacompressorisatlowerpressurethanwarmervapor.Therefore themassofcoldrefrigerant—andthusthethermalenergyitcarries—islessthan iitherefrigerantvaporwerewarmerbeforecompression.??Here thenliesagenuinedrawbackofheatpumps:inextremelycoldclimates—where themostheatisneeded—heatpumpsareleastabletosupplyenough heat.Theauthorresolvesthequestionofwhetherheatpumpsruncountertotheprincipleofenergyconservationby______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Ifthesalinity含盐量ofoceanwatersis analyzeditisroundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthat causeachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwater fromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowater vapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreasedsincethesalesstaybehind. Ifthisiscarriedtotheextremeofcoursewhitecrystalsofsaltwouldbe leftbehind;thisbythewayishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactually obtained.??Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitationsuchas rainbywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedso thatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorin coastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreased bythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionof freshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.??Normallyintropical regionswherethesunisverystrongtheoceansalinityissomewhathigherthan itisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation. Similarlyincoastalregionswhereriversdilutetheseasalinityissomewhat lowerthaninotheroceanicareas.??Athirdprocessbywhich salinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice. Whenseawaterisfrozenthedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthis mannerseawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinity thanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcoursewhenthisicemeltsitwill tendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.??Inthe WeddellSeaoffAntarcticathedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasa resultofthisfreezingprocesswhichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater. Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansofthe world.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Ifthesalinity含盐量ofoceanwatersis analyzeditisroundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthat causeachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwater fromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowater vapor.Inthismannerthesalinityisincreasedsincethesalesstaybehind. Ifthisiscarriedtotheextremeofcoursewhitecrystalsofsaltwouldbe leftbehind;thisbythewayishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactually obtained.??Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitationsuchas rainbywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedso thatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorin coastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreased bythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionof freshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.??Normallyintropical regionswherethesunisverystrongtheoceansalinityissomewhathigherthan itisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation. Similarlyincoastalregionswhereriversdilutetheseasalinityissomewhat lowerthaninotheroceanicareas.??Athirdprocessbywhich salinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice. Whenseawaterisfrozenthedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthis mannerseawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinity thanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcoursewhenthisicemeltsitwill tendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.??Inthe WeddellSeaoffAntarcticathedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasa resultofthisfreezingprocesswhichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater. Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansofthe world.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSea?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Therearenowover700millionmotorvehiclesinthe world-andthenumberisrisingbymorethan40millioneachyear.Theaverage distancedrivenbycarusersisgrowingtoo-from8kmadayperpersonin westernEuropein1965to25kmadayin1995.Thisdependenceonmotorvehicles hadgivenrisetomajorproblemsincludingenvironmentalpollutiondepletion ofoilresourcestrafficcongestionandsafety.2.??Untila hundredyearsagomostjourneyswereinthe20kmrangethedistance convenientlyaccessiblebyhorse.Heavyfreightcouldonlybecarriedbywater orrail.Theinventionofthemotorvehiclebroughtpersonalmobilitytothe massesandmaderapidfreightdeliverypossibleoveramuchwiderarea.Today90 percentofinlandfreightintheUnitedKingdomiscarriedbyroad.Clearlythe worldcannotreverttothehorse-drawnwagon.Canitavoidbeinglockedinto congestedandpollutionwaysoftransportingpeopleandgoods?3.? ?InEuropemostcitiesarestilldesignedfortheoldmodesoftransport. Adaptationtothemotorcarhasinvolvedaddingringroadsone-waysystemsand parkinglots.IntheUnitedStatesmorelandisassignedtocarusethanto housing.Urbansprawlmeansthatlifewithoutacarisnesttoimpossible.Mass useofmotorvehicleshasalsokilledorinjuredmillionsofpeople.?Other socialeffectshavebeenblamedonthecarsuchasalienationandaggressive humanbehaviour.4.??A1993studybytheEuropeanFederationfor TransportandEnvironmentfoundthatcartransportisseventimesascostlyas railtravelintermsofheexternalsocialcostsitentailssuchascongestion accidentspollutionlossofcroplandandnaturalhabitatsdepletionofoil resourcesandsoon.Yetcarseasilysurpasstrainsorbusesasaflexibleand convenientmodeofpersonaltransport.Itisunrealistictoexpectpeopleto giveupprivatecarsinfavourofmasstransit.5.??Technical solutionscanreducethepollutionproblemandincreasethefuelefficiencyof engines.Butfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissionsdependonwhichcarsare preferredbycustomersandhowtheyaredriven.Manypeoplebuylargercarsthan theyneedfordailypurposesorwastefuelbydrivingaggressively.Besides globalcaruseisincreasingatafasterratethantheimprovementinemissions andfuelefficiencywhichtechnologyisnowmakingpossible.6.?? Amorelikelyscenarioseemstobeacombinationofmasstransitsystemsfor travelintoandaroundcities.Withsmalllowemissioncarsforurbanuseand largerhybridorleanburncarsforuseelsewhere.Electronicallytolled highwaysmightbeusedtoensurethatdriverspaychargesgearedtoactualroad use.Betterintegrationoftransportsystemsisalsohighlydesirable-andmade morefeasiblebymoderncomputers.Butthesearesolutionsforcountrieswhich canaffordthem.Inmostdevelopingcountriesoldcarsandoldtechnologies continuetopredominate.Technologyalonecannotsolve______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Asatisfactorypsychologicaltheory mustallowustopredictbehavior.Forinstanceasatisfactorytheoryofhunger willallowustopredictwhenpeoplewilleatandnoteat.Abroadlysatisfying ?{{U}}?51?{{/U}}theoryshouldhaveawiderangeofapplicability. Abroadtheoryofhungermightapply?{{U}}?52?{{/U}}humanbeings andloweranimalstonormalweightandoverweightpeopleandtopeoplewho have{{U}}?53?{{/U}}offoodfordifferinglengthsoftime.Ifour{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}cannotbeadequatelyexplainedbyorpredictedfromagiven theoryweshouldconsider?revisingorreplacingthattheory.? ?Inpsychologymanytheorieshavebeenfoundtobe{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}ofexplainingorpredictingnewobservations.Asaresulttheyhave beenrevised{{U}}?56?{{/U}}.Forexamplethetheorythathunger resultsfromstomachcontractionsmaybe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}correctfor normalweightindividualsbutitisinadequateasan{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}forfeelingsofhungeramongtheoverweight.{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theoriesalsofocusonbiologicalvariablessuchasfatcellsand brain??{{U}}?60?{{/U}}andpsychologicalvariables suchasthepresenceofotherpeoplewhoareeatingandthetimeof day.??The{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofcontrollingbehaviorin psychologyishighly{{U}}?62?{{/U}}.Somepeopleerroneouslythink thatpsychologistsseekwaystomakepeopledotheirbidding—likepuppets danglingonstrings.Thisisnotso.Insteadpsychologistshelp{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}changetheirbehaviorfortheirownbenefit.? ?Psychologistsare{{U}}?64?{{/U}}tobeliefinthedignityof humanbeingsandhumandignitydemandsthatpeoplebefreetomaketheirown decisionsandchoosetheirownbehavior.Psychologistsarelearningmoreallthe timeaboutthe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}influencesonhumanbehavior?but theyapplythisknowledgeonlyuponrequestandinwaystheybelievewillbe helpful?toanindividualoran institution.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Theuseofheatpumpshasbeenheld backlargelybyskepticismaboutadvertisers’claimsthatheatpumpscanprovide asmanyastwounitsofthermalenergyforeachunitofelectricalenergyused thusapparentlycontradictingtheprincipleofenergyconservation.? ?Heatpumpscirculateafluidrefrigerant致冷剂thatcyclesalternatively fromitsliquidphasetoitsvaporphaseinaclosedloop.Therefrigerant startingasalow-temperaturelowpressurevaporentersacompressor’drivenby anelectricmotor.Therefrigerantleavesthecompressorasahotdensevapor andflowsthroughaheatexchangercalledthecondenserwhichtransfersheat fromtherefrigeranttoabodyofair.Nowtherefrigerantasahigh-pressure ?cooledliquidconfrontsaflowrestrictionwhichcausesthepressureto drop.Asthepressurefallstherefrigerantexpandsandpartially vaporizesbecomingchilled.Itthenpassesthroughasecondheatexchangerthe evaporatorwhichtransfersheatfromtheairtotherefrigerantreducingthe temperatureo{thissecondbodyofair.Ofthetwoheatexchangersoneis locatedinsideandtheotheroneoutsidethehousesoeachisincontactwith adifferentbodyofair:roomairandoutsideairrespectively.? ?Theflowdirectionofrefrigerantthroughaheatpumpiscontrolledby valves.Whentherefrigerantflowisreversedtheheatexchangersswitch function.Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatexchangersswitchfunction. Thisflow-reversalcapabilityallowsheatpumpseithertoheatorcoolroom air.??Nowifundercertainconditionsaheatpumpputsoutmore thermalenergythanitconsumesinelectricalenergyhasthelawofenergy conservationbeenchallenged?Nonotevenremotely:theadditionalinputof thermalenergyintothecirculatingrefrigerantviatheevaporatoraccountsfor thedifferenceintheenergyequation.??Unfortunatelythereis onerealproblem.Theheatingcapacityofaheatpumpdecreasesastheoutdoor temperaturefalls.Thedropincapacityiscausedbythelesseningamountof refrigerantmassmovedthroughthecompressoratonetime.Theheatingcapacity isproportionaltothismassflowrate:thelessthemassofrefrigerantbeing compressedthelessthethermalloaditcantransferthroughtheheat-pump cycle.Thevolume{lowrateofrefrigerantvaporthroughthesingle-speedrotary compressorusedinheatpumpsisapproximatelyconstant.Butcoldrefrigerant vaporenteringacompressorisatlowerpressurethanwarmervapor.Therefore themassofcoldrefrigerant—andthusthethermalenergyitcarries—islessthan iitherefrigerantvaporwerewarmerbeforecompression.??Here thenliesagenuinedrawbackofheatpumps:inextremelycoldclimates—where themostheatisneeded—heatpumpsareleastabletosupplyenough heat.Iftheauthor’sassessmentoftheuseofheatpumpsinthefirstparagraphiscorrectwhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthelemonthatadvertisersshouldlearnfromthiscase?
Theexpresstrainwentthroughthestationwith{{U}}amighty{{/U}}roar.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Theanswerdependsonwhatkindof systemisultimatelyadopted.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Thefirstisa special-purposelanesysteminwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomated vehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswould sharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purpose lanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexisting highwaysbutitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreeway高速公路 capacity.??Undereitherschemethedriverwouldspecifythe desireddestinationfurnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthe beginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.If amixedtrafficsystemwasinplaceautomateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthe driverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthe highwaydevicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthe vehicletodetermineitdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproper automationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchteststhe driverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthis casethetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceonthe entranceramp.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighway andmoveinnormalfashiontoatransitionlane.Thevehiclewouldthenshift undercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.The limitation?oftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwouldpresumablybewell respectedbecausealltrespassers非法进入者couldbeswiftlyidentifiedby authorities.??Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomated trafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththose alreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}.???A.Analternativetechniquecouldemploy conventionallaneswhichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregular vehicles.???B.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigned differentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.???C.And onceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreeto releasethewheelopenthemorningpaperorjustrelax.?? ?D.Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike??? ?E.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp入口引道.???F. Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.
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