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In the future, people will mainly depend on ______ energy.
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PassageTwo Itseemstoshineunchanginglypouring outaconstantlightyearafteryear.Butthesunmaynotbenearlysostableas wesupposeItisnowthoughttomovequicklyandirregularlyandchangein long-termcyclesgrowingdimmerandthenbrighterwitheachpassingyear.Some evenfearthatitsfrequentchangingbehaviorwouldhaveagreatinfluenceon theEarth’sclimate.Thesourceofthesun’sinconstancyis magnetism.ProfessorWilliamLivingstonhasdevelopednewtheoriesaboutits magneticnature.Wedon’tyetknowwhatcausessunspotshe saysbutwenowthinkthey’reareasofhigh-levelmagnetismthatcomeupfrom thesun’sinterior.Sostrongistheirmagneticpullthatthehighlyionizedgas nearbyisnotabletotransmitenergyout.Asaresulttheseareassendout lessheatandlightandthusappearfromEarthtobealmostdarkirregular surfacepatches.Sunspotactivitygenerallyfluctuatesin steady11-yearcycled.Scientistshavelongformedtheopinionthatasthesize andnumberofsunspotsincreasedtheoverallenergysentoutbythesunwould decrease.Indeedrecentstudiesconfirmeditrevealingthatduringpeak periodsofsunspotactivitytheEarthexperiencesasmalldropthatcanbe seenclearlyinreceivedsolarenergy.Couldsuchasmalldrop inenergyhaveaneffecthereonearthPerhapssomescientiststhinktheworld temperaturecouldfallbyasmuchas0.2duringperiodsofhighsolar magnetism...enoughtocausesignificantfluctuationsinweather patterns.Accordingtothepassageitisbelievedthatthesun______.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwrite downthecorrespondingletter. Mostyoungpeopleenjoyphysical activitieswalkingcyclingfootballormountaineering.These whohaveapassion21climbinghighanddifficult mountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen 22tosuffercoldandhardshipandto23 onhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifference betweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivities24 whichmengivetheirleisure.Therearenoman-maderules astherearefor25asgolfandfootball.Thereareof courserulesofdifferentkindswhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutit isthisfreedomfromman-maderules26makes mountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreeto theirownmethods.Ifwe27 mountaineeringwithothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebig differenceisthatmountaineeringisnotateamwork.Howeveritisonlyour misunderstanding.Thereareinfactnomatches28 teamsofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyarope onwhichtheirlivesmay29obviouslythereis teamwork.Amountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofight withnatural30thatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthan man.Hissportrequireshighmentaland31 qualities.Amountainclimber32to improveonskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheage ofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampions33in theirearlytwenties.Butitisnot34formenoffifty orsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemore 35thanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbmoreskilland lesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequal enjoyment.
Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelow andcompletethefollowingdialoguesbywritedownthecorresponding letter. A.Ihopeshe’llbeallrightsoon. B.Youmusttakesome medicine.C.What’swrong D.You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.E. Perhapsshe’scaughtacold. F.ReallyG.Iagree. H.Nothing serious.A:MumIdon’tfeelverywell.B:Oh dear!56.A:Idon’tknow.I’vegota headacheandacough.B:57.Ifyou’re notbetterbythenI’lltakeyoutoseethedoctor.At breakfastB:There’ssomethingwrongwithKate. C:58.What’sthetroubleB: She’snotfeelingwell.Itoldhertostayinbedtilltomorrow. C:59.B:Ihopenot.Shesays she’sgotaheadacheandacough.60.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwrite downthecorrespondingletter. Mostyoungpeopleenjoyphysical activitieswalkingcyclingfootballormountaineering.These whohaveapassion21climbinghighanddifficult mountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen 22tosuffercoldandhardshipandto23 onhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifference betweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivities24 whichmengivetheirleisure.Therearenoman-maderules astherearefor25asgolfandfootball.Thereareof courserulesofdifferentkindswhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutit isthisfreedomfromman-maderules26makes mountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreeto theirownmethods.Ifwe27 mountaineeringwithothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebig differenceisthatmountaineeringisnotateamwork.Howeveritisonlyour misunderstanding.Thereareinfactnomatches28 teamsofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyarope onwhichtheirlivesmay29obviouslythereis teamwork.Amountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofight withnatural30thatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthan man.Hissportrequireshighmentaland31 qualities.Amountainclimber32to improveonskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheage ofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampions33in theirearlytwenties.Butitisnot34formenoffifty orsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemore 35thanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbmoreskilland lesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequal enjoyment.
PassageThree Inancienttimesthemostimportant examswerespokennotwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches. IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAgesstudentswhowereworking foradvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywith peoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayas partoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree. Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewritten examinationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesameintoexistencewiththe greatincreasewasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsit cameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentof modernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimed exactlybyelectricandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupof workersatanautomobilefactory.Certainlyduringexaminations teachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.One typeoftestissometimescalledasobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodeal withfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacher writesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Along witheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothree statementsthatlooklikeanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerial properly.Modernindustrymusthavedeveloped______.
Ithinkhestudiesveryhard______
Whenhewasinhis______hebegantostudyEnglish.
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfourquestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Chooseonebestanswerandwritedownthe correspondingletter.PassageOne Aresomepeopleborncleverandothers bornstupidOrisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience Strangelyenoughtheanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentour intelligenceisgivenusatbirth.Ontheotherhandachildwholivesin boringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrich andvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedat birthwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment. Thisviewnowheldbymostexportscanbesupportedinanumberof ways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextent somethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwo peopletheclosertheylikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwo unrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulationitislikelythattheirdegree ofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwo identicaltwinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother. Relationslikebrothersandsistersparentsandchildrenusuallyhavesimilar intelligenceandthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependson birth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthem indifferentenvironments.Wemightsendoneforexampletoauniversityand theothertoafactoryothertheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferences inintelligencedevelopingandthisindicatestheenvironmentaswellasbirth playsapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholive inclosecontactwitheachotherbutwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelyto havesimilardegreeofintelligence.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthatman’sintelligenceisgiventohim______.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwrite downthecorrespondingletter. Mostyoungpeopleenjoyphysical activitieswalkingcyclingfootballormountaineering.These whohaveapassion21climbinghighanddifficult mountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen 22tosuffercoldandhardshipandto23 onhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifference betweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivities24 whichmengivetheirleisure.Therearenoman-maderules astherearefor25asgolfandfootball.Thereareof courserulesofdifferentkindswhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutit isthisfreedomfromman-maderules26makes mountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreeto theirownmethods.Ifwe27 mountaineeringwithothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebig differenceisthatmountaineeringisnotateamwork.Howeveritisonlyour misunderstanding.Thereareinfactnomatches28 teamsofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyarope onwhichtheirlivesmay29obviouslythereis teamwork.Amountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofight withnatural30thatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthan man.Hissportrequireshighmentaland31 qualities.Amountainclimber32to improveonskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheage ofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampions33in theirearlytwenties.Butitisnot34formenoffifty orsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemore 35thanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbmoreskilland lesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequal enjoyment.
PassageFour IntheseventeenthcenturyEuropean soldierswhocameacrosssomeIndiangroupsinthewesternGreatLakesfound thatseveralnativetribeswerelivingintheareawithoutaformalleadership system.Theyappearedtobequitefriendlywitheachotherwithoutaformal authority!NotonlydidtheIndiansappeartolackaformal systemofauthoritybuttheyalsodeeplyhatedanyeffortstocontroltheir actions.Allmembersofthetribesknewwhatwasrequiredofthembylifelong familiaritywiththetasksofthearea.Thesetaskstendedtobesimplesince theIndian’srateofsocialchangewasslow.Thusalthoughsubgroupssuchas soldiershadrecognizedleadersnorealauthoritywasrequired.Ratherthan givingdirectorderswhichwereconsideredroughmembersofthetribeswould arouseotherstoactionbyexamples.Itwouldbedifficultif notimpossibletocarryoutsuchasysteminourownsociety.Mostofushave grownupunderoneauthorityoranotherforaswecanremember.Ourparentsour teachersourbossesourgovernmentallhavetherecognizedrightundercertain conditionstotelluswhattodo.Theauthorityissomuchapartofourculture thatitishardforustoimagineaworkablesocietywithoutit.Wehavebeen usedtorelyingonauthoritytogetthingsdoneandwouldprobablybe uncomfortablewiththeIndianmethodsofexamplesonalargescale. OfcoursethemajorreasonwhytheIndiansystemwouldnotbesuitable forusisthatoursocietyistoolarge.Thenumberoftasksthatvarious membersofoursocietyhavetoperformoftenundertighttimeandresource limitationscouldnotbetreatedbytheIndiansystem.Inmodernsocietiesthe formalauthoritysystemisnecessarytoachieveanysocial objectives.Whichofthefollowingsentencesiscorrectaccordingtothepassage______
PassageFour IntheseventeenthcenturyEuropean soldierswhocameacrosssomeIndiangroupsinthewesternGreatLakesfound thatseveralnativetribeswerelivingintheareawithoutaformalleadership system.Theyappearedtobequitefriendlywitheachotherwithoutaformal authority!NotonlydidtheIndiansappeartolackaformal systemofauthoritybuttheyalsodeeplyhatedanyeffortstocontroltheir actions.Allmembersofthetribesknewwhatwasrequiredofthembylifelong familiaritywiththetasksofthearea.Thesetaskstendedtobesimplesince theIndian’srateofsocialchangewasslow.Thusalthoughsubgroupssuchas soldiershadrecognizedleadersnorealauthoritywasrequired.Ratherthan givingdirectorderswhichwereconsideredroughmembersofthetribeswould arouseotherstoactionbyexamples.Itwouldbedifficultif notimpossibletocarryoutsuchasysteminourownsociety.Mostofushave grownupunderoneauthorityoranotherforaswecanremember.Ourparentsour teachersourbossesourgovernmentallhavetherecognizedrightundercertain conditionstotelluswhattodo.Theauthorityissomuchapartofourculture thatitishardforustoimagineaworkablesocietywithoutit.Wehavebeen usedtorelyingonauthoritytogetthingsdoneandwouldprobablybe uncomfortablewiththeIndianmethodsofexamplesonalargescale. OfcoursethemajorreasonwhytheIndiansystemwouldnotbesuitable forusisthatoursocietyistoolarge.Thenumberoftasksthatvarious membersofoursocietyhavetoperformoftenundertighttimeandresource limitationscouldnotbetreatedbytheIndiansystem.Inmodernsocietiesthe formalauthoritysystemisnecessarytoachieveanysocial objectives.Afterreadingthepassageyoumayconcludethat______.
Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelow andcompletethefollowingdialoguesbywritedownthecorresponding letter. A.Ihopeshe’llbeallrightsoon. B.Youmusttakesome medicine.C.What’swrong D.You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.E. Perhapsshe’scaughtacold. F.ReallyG.Iagree. H.Nothing serious.A:MumIdon’tfeelverywell.B:Oh dear!56.A:Idon’tknow.I’vegota headacheandacough.B:57.Ifyou’re notbetterbythenI’lltakeyoutoseethedoctor.At breakfastB:There’ssomethingwrongwithKate. C:58.What’sthetroubleB: She’snotfeelingwell.Itoldhertostayinbedtilltomorrow. C:59.B:Ihopenot.Shesays she’sgotaheadacheandacough.60.
PassageThree Inancienttimesthemostimportant examswerespokennotwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches. IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAgesstudentswhowereworking foradvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywith peoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayas partoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree. Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewritten examinationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesameintoexistencewiththe greatincreasewasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsit cameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentof modernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimed exactlybyelectricandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupof workersatanautomobilefactory.Certainlyduringexaminations teachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.One typeoftestissometimescalledasobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodeal withfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacher writesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Along witheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothree statementsthatlooklikeanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerial properly.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthestudentsintheMiddleAges______
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwrite downthecorrespondingletter. Mostyoungpeopleenjoyphysical activitieswalkingcyclingfootballormountaineering.These whohaveapassion21climbinghighanddifficult mountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen 22tosuffercoldandhardshipandto23 onhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifference betweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivities24 whichmengivetheirleisure.Therearenoman-maderules astherearefor25asgolfandfootball.Thereareof courserulesofdifferentkindswhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutit isthisfreedomfromman-maderules26makes mountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreeto theirownmethods.Ifwe27 mountaineeringwithothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebig differenceisthatmountaineeringisnotateamwork.Howeveritisonlyour misunderstanding.Thereareinfactnomatches28 teamsofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyarope onwhichtheirlivesmay29obviouslythereis teamwork.Amountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofight withnatural30thatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthan man.Hissportrequireshighmentaland31 qualities.Amountainclimber32to improveonskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheage ofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampions33in theirearlytwenties.Butitisnot34formenoffifty orsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemore 35thanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbmoreskilland lesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequal enjoyment.
PassageFive Moreandmoretheoperationsofour businessesgovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledby informationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughto modifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapbigreward.Evenworsea numberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtoget awaywithoutpunishment.It’seasyforcomputercrimestogo undetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthe crimeisdetectedthecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwitha glowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcoursewe havenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehow manyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccidentnotbysystematic inspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeen caughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.Unlike otherlawbreakerswhomustleavethecountrycommitsuicideorgotojail computercriminalssometimesescapepunishmentdemandingnotonlythattheynot bechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsother benefits.Alltoooftentheirdemandshavebeenmet.Why Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultif thepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthe thoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled诈骗themost confidential保密recordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives accountantsandsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswith justtherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimes elsewhere.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught______
Heis______ahorse.
TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyou______apassport.
Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelow andcompletethefollowingdialoguesbywritedownthecorresponding letter. A.Ihopeshe’llbeallrightsoon. B.Youmusttakesome medicine.C.What’swrong D.You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.E. Perhapsshe’scaughtacold. F.ReallyG.Iagree. H.Nothing serious.A:MumIdon’tfeelverywell.B:Oh dear!56.A:Idon’tknow.I’vegota headacheandacough.B:57.Ifyou’re notbetterbythenI’lltakeyoutoseethedoctor.At breakfastB:There’ssomethingwrongwithKate. C:58.What’sthetroubleB: She’snotfeelingwell.Itoldhertostayinbedtilltomorrow. C:59.B:Ihopenot.Shesays she’sgotaheadacheandacough.60.
PassageFive Moreandmoretheoperationsofour businessesgovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledby informationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughto modifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapbigreward.Evenworsea numberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtoget awaywithoutpunishment.It’seasyforcomputercrimestogo undetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthe crimeisdetectedthecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwitha glowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcoursewe havenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehow manyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccidentnotbysystematic inspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeen caughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.Unlike otherlawbreakerswhomustleavethecountrycommitsuicideorgotojail computercriminalssometimesescapepunishmentdemandingnotonlythattheynot bechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsother benefits.Alltoooftentheirdemandshavebeenmet.Why Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultif thepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthe thoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled诈骗themost confidential保密recordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives accountantsandsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswith justtherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimes elsewhere.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat______
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwrite downthecorrespondingletter. Mostyoungpeopleenjoyphysical activitieswalkingcyclingfootballormountaineering.These whohaveapassion21climbinghighanddifficult mountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen 22tosuffercoldandhardshipandto23 onhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifference betweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivities24 whichmengivetheirleisure.Therearenoman-maderules astherearefor25asgolfandfootball.Thereareof courserulesofdifferentkindswhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutit isthisfreedomfromman-maderules26makes mountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreeto theirownmethods.Ifwe27 mountaineeringwithothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebig differenceisthatmountaineeringisnotateamwork.Howeveritisonlyour misunderstanding.Thereareinfactnomatches28 teamsofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyarope onwhichtheirlivesmay29obviouslythereis teamwork.Amountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofight withnatural30thatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthan man.Hissportrequireshighmentaland31 qualities.Amountainclimber32to improveonskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheage ofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampions33in theirearlytwenties.Butitisnot34formenoffifty orsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemore 35thanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbmoreskilland lesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequal enjoyment.
Innoway______frompractice.
PassageTwo Itseemstoshineunchanginglypouring outaconstantlightyearafteryear.Butthesunmaynotbenearlysostableas wesupposeItisnowthoughttomovequicklyandirregularlyandchangein long-termcyclesgrowingdimmerandthenbrighterwitheachpassingyear.Some evenfearthatitsfrequentchangingbehaviorwouldhaveagreatinfluenceon theEarth’sclimate.Thesourceofthesun’sinconstancyis magnetism.ProfessorWilliamLivingstonhasdevelopednewtheoriesaboutits magneticnature.Wedon’tyetknowwhatcausessunspotshe saysbutwenowthinkthey’reareasofhigh-levelmagnetismthatcomeupfrom thesun’sinterior.Sostrongistheirmagneticpullthatthehighlyionizedgas nearbyisnotabletotransmitenergyout.Asaresulttheseareassendout lessheatandlightandthusappearfromEarthtobealmostdarkirregular surfacepatches.Sunspotactivitygenerallyfluctuatesin steady11-yearcycled.Scientistshavelongformedtheopinionthatasthesize andnumberofsunspotsincreasedtheoverallenergysentoutbythesunwould decrease.Indeedrecentstudiesconfirmeditrevealingthatduringpeak periodsofsunspotactivitytheEarthexperiencesasmalldropthatcanbe seenclearlyinreceivedsolarenergy.Couldsuchasmalldrop inenergyhaveaneffecthereonearthPerhapssomescientiststhinktheworld temperaturecouldfallbyasmuchas0.2duringperiodsofhighsolar magnetism...enoughtocausesignificantfluctuationsinweather patterns.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage______
Myparentsalwaysbuy______mybirthday.
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfourquestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Chooseonebestanswerandwritedownthe correspondingletter.PassageOne Aresomepeopleborncleverandothers bornstupidOrisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience Strangelyenoughtheanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentour intelligenceisgivenusatbirth.Ontheotherhandachildwholivesin boringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrich andvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedat birthwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment. Thisviewnowheldbymostexportscanbesupportedinanumberof ways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextent somethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwo peopletheclosertheylikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwo unrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulationitislikelythattheirdegree ofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwo identicaltwinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother. Relationslikebrothersandsistersparentsandchildrenusuallyhavesimilar intelligenceandthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependson birth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthem indifferentenvironments.Wemightsendoneforexampletoauniversityand theothertoafactoryothertheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferences inintelligencedevelopingandthisindicatestheenvironmentaswellasbirth playsapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholive inclosecontactwitheachotherbutwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelyto havesimilardegreeofintelligence.TheexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauncertaintyandafactorySeparatelyshows______.
Itisessentialthatallthesefigures______twice.
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