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America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way...
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InAmericaaflatiscalledana_______.
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Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothingstheinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.InEuropesaidThomasJeffersontheobjectistomakethemostoftheirlandlaborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlaborlandbeingabundant.ItwasinAmericathereforethatthegreatadvancesinnine-teenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecenturywiththeexceptionofacrudeplowfarmerscouldhavecardedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplements家具ontheirbacks;by1860mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmershoweverwouldhavenoneofitclaimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Neverthelessmanypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplowuntilin1869JamesOliverofSouthBendIndianaturnedoutthefirstchilled-steel冷淬钢plow.Whatpointistheauthormakingbystatingthatfarmerscouldcarrynearlyalltheirtoolsontheirbacks
Evenplantscanrunafeverespeciallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumansplantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway——straightup.Adecadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspre-ciselytargetpesticide杀虫剂sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichin-variablyincludesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.EvenbetterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbe-foretheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetatnightaninfra-redscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codemapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers.Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewould.ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanycloseddownin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofind.ButwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestogetbackintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks.Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgricultruethinksre-moteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingpreciselywecanuseinfraredscanningto______.
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 21
A.Iwilltakeit. B.Howmuchisit C.WhatcanIdoforyou D.Whichonedoyoulike E.Letmehelpyou. F.Howmanyonesdoyouwant G.Hereyouare.H:Thankyousomuch! S=ShopkeeperP=Peter S:56 P:Iwanttobuyanotebook. S:Thenotebooksareoverthere.57 P:Theblueonelooksnice.58 S:Twoyuan. P:That’sallright.59 S:60 P:Thankyou. 57
Sincetheearly1980sscientistshaverevealedsome40humangenesinvolvedincancer.Thesegenesareessentialfornormalgrowthbutcanbesubvertedtocauseatumor.Dr.JorgeYunisoftheUniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchoolinMinneapolishasfoundthat70percentofoncogenesorcancer-causinggenesarelocatednearinheritedweakpointsonchromosomes染色体.Varyingfromindividualtoindividualvulnerabletochemicalcarcinogens致癌剂Xraysandothercancer-inducingagents.IfachromosomesnapsapartintheimmediatevicinityofanoncogenesaysYunisnormalgeneticcontrolmechanismscouldbreakdownandthestagewouldbesetfortheformationofcancer.Younishagshownthatsuchasequenceoccursatthebeginningofnumerousleukemias白血病lymphomas淋巴瘤andsometumorsofthelungcolon结肠andbreast.YunisandOtherinvestigatorshavefoundthatpetroleum-basedproducts--notablypesticidesandinsecticides--damagespecificsitesonatleasttwoofthe23pairsofhumanchromosomesthatcarrygeneticinformation.Similarlytobaccosmoketendstoattackapartofanotherchromosome.Wherearemostlikelytobeaffectedbycaner-inducingagentsaccordingtothepassage
Yourmindlikeyourbodyisathingwherethepowersaredevelopedbyeffort.ThisisaprincipaluseasIseeitofhardworkinstudies.Unlessyoutrainyourbodyyoucan’tbeagoodsportsmanandunlessyoutrainyourmindyoucan’tbemuchofascholar.Thefourmi-lesaboatmancoversattopspeedisinitselfnothingtothegoodbutthephysicalcapacitytoholdoutoverthedistanceisthoughttobeofsomevalue.Soagoodpartofwhatyoulearnbyhardstudymaynotberetainedforeverandmaynotseemtobeofmuchfinalvaluebutyourmindisabetterandmorepowerfulinstrumentbecauseyouhavelearnedit.Knowledgeispowerbutstillmoretheabilityofacquiringandusingknowledgeispower.Ifyouhaveatrainedandpowerfulmindyouareboundtohavestoreditwithsomethingitsvalueismoreinwhatitcandowhatitcangraspandusethaninwhatitcontains;andifitwerepossibleasitisnottocomeoutofcollegewithatrainedmindandnothingusefulinityouwouldstillbeaheadandstillinamannereducated.Inhisexampletheauthortellshisreadersthat______.
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 25
NursingatBethIsraelHospitalthebestpatientcarepossibleIfwearetosolvethenursingshortagehospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael’sexample.AtBethIsraeleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Thenshewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient’sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.Theprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalizationkeepingtrackwithhisprogressandseekingfurtheradvicefromhisdoctor.IfapatientatBethlaraelisnotrespondingtotreatmentitisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtohisdoctor.WhatthedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleague.NursingatBethIsraelalsoinvolvesadecentralizednursingadministration;Everyflooreveryunitisaself-containedorganization.Therearenurse-managersinsteadofheadnurse;inadditiontotheirmedicaldutiestheydoalltheirownhiringanddismissingemployeeadvisingandtheymakesalaryrecommendations.Eachunit’snursesdecideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen.BethIsrael’snurse-in-chiefranksasanequalwithothervicepresidentsofthehospital.ShealsoisamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommitteewhichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors.Themaindifferencebetweenanurse-managerandaheadnurseisthattheformer______.
WouldyoubedoitformepleaseOfcoursewithpleasure.
Ishouldnothavewastedmytimetryingtoexplainmatterstoyou.
Evenplantscanrunafeverespeciallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumansplantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway——straightup.Adecadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspre-ciselytargetpesticide杀虫剂sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichin-variablyincludesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.EvenbetterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbe-foretheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetatnightaninfra-redscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codemapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers.Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewould.ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanycloseddownin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofind.ButwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestogetbackintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks.Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgricultruethinksre-moteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Theapplicationofinfraredscanningtechnolgytoagriculturemetwithsomedifficultiesdueto______.
A.Iwilltakeit. B.Howmuchisit C.WhatcanIdoforyou D.Whichonedoyoulike E.Letmehelpyou. F.Howmanyonesdoyouwant G.Hereyouare.H:Thankyousomuch! S=ShopkeeperP=Peter S:56 P:Iwanttobuyanotebook. S:Thenotebooksareoverthere.57 P:Theblueonelooksnice.58 S:Twoyuan. P:That’sallright.59 S:60 P:Thankyou. 59
Yourmindlikeyourbodyisathingwherethepowersaredevelopedbyeffort.ThisisaprincipaluseasIseeitofhardworkinstudies.Unlessyoutrainyourbodyyoucan’tbeagoodsportsmanandunlessyoutrainyourmindyoucan’tbemuchofascholar.Thefourmi-lesaboatmancoversattopspeedisinitselfnothingtothegoodbutthephysicalcapacitytoholdoutoverthedistanceisthoughttobeofsomevalue.Soagoodpartofwhatyoulearnbyhardstudymaynotberetainedforeverandmaynotseemtobeofmuchfinalvaluebutyourmindisabetterandmorepowerfulinstrumentbecauseyouhavelearnedit.Knowledgeispowerbutstillmoretheabilityofacquiringandusingknowledgeispower.Ifyouhaveatrainedandpowerfulmindyouareboundtohavestoreditwithsomethingitsvalueismoreinwhatitcandowhatitcangraspandusethaninwhatitcontains;andifitwerepossibleasitisnottocomeoutofcollegewithatrainedmindandnothingusefulinityouwouldstillbeaheadandstillinamannereducated.Themanleavingcollegewithatrainedmind______.
MichaelCreusehelpWhymperclimbedtheMatterhomwasoneofthefirstoftheprofessionalguides.
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 23
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 35
Hewillgeteverythingreadythreedays.
NursingatBethIsraelHospitalthebestpatientcarepossibleIfwearetosolvethenursingshortagehospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael’sexample.AtBethIsraeleachpatientisassignedtoaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Thenshewritesacareplancenteredonthepatient’sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.Theprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalizationkeepingtrackwithhisprogressandseekingfurtheradvicefromhisdoctor.IfapatientatBethlaraelisnotrespondingtotreatmentitisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanotherapproachtohisdoctor.WhatthedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleague.NursingatBethIsraelalsoinvolvesadecentralizednursingadministration;Everyflooreveryunitisaself-containedorganization.Therearenurse-managersinsteadofheadnurse;inadditiontotheirmedicaldutiestheydoalltheirownhiringanddismissingemployeeadvisingandtheymakesalaryrecommendations.Eachunit’snursesdecideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen.BethIsrael’snurse-in-chiefranksasanequalwithothervicepresidentsofthehospital.ShealsoisamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommitteewhichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 29
A.though B.trouble C.eough D.cousin
Sincetheearly1980sscientistshaverevealedsome40humangenesinvolvedincancer.Thesegenesareessentialfornormalgrowthbutcanbesubvertedtocauseatumor.Dr.JorgeYunisoftheUniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchoolinMinneapolishasfoundthat70percentofoncogenesorcancer-causinggenesarelocatednearinheritedweakpointsonchromosomes染色体.Varyingfromindividualtoindividualvulnerabletochemicalcarcinogens致癌剂Xraysandothercancer-inducingagents.IfachromosomesnapsapartintheimmediatevicinityofanoncogenesaysYunisnormalgeneticcontrolmechanismscouldbreakdownandthestagewouldbesetfortheformationofcancer.Younishagshownthatsuchasequenceoccursatthebeginningofnumerousleukemias白血病lymphomas淋巴瘤andsometumorsofthelungcolon结肠andbreast.YunisandOtherinvestigatorshavefoundthatpetroleum-basedproducts--notablypesticidesandinsecticides--damagespecificsitesonatleasttwoofthe23pairsofhumanchromosomesthatcarrygeneticinformation.Similarlytobaccosmoketendstoattackapartofanotherchromosome.Underwhatconditionswilltheformationofcancerbegin
Irememberhe'swrittenabookI'vecompletelyforgotten.
--Whatdoyouthinkofhisplay--Ilikeitmuch-betterthanhisone.
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothingstheinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.InEuropesaidThomasJeffersontheobjectistomakethemostoftheirlandlaborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlaborlandbeingabundant.ItwasinAmericathereforethatthegreatadvancesinnine-teenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecenturywiththeexceptionofacrudeplowfarmerscouldhavecardedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplements家具ontheirbacks;by1860mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmershoweverwouldhavenoneofitclaimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Neverthelessmanypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplowuntilin1869JamesOliverofSouthBendIndianaturnedoutthefirstchilled-steel冷淬钢plow.TheexpressionmakethemostofinLine4isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing
A.through B.another C.either D.though
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 33
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 31
Thecostisgoing21forjustabouteverythingandcollegetuitionisnoexception.Accordingtoanationwidesurvey22bytheCollegeBoard’sScholarshipService23atmostAmericanuniversitieswillbe24of9percenthigherthisyearoverlast. Thebiggestincreasewilloccuratprivatecolleges.Publiccollegesheavilysubsidizedbytaxfundswillalso25theirtuitionbuttheincreasewillbeafewpercentagepoints26thantheirprivatelysponsoredneighbors. 27afollow-uptheUnitedPressinternationaldidtheirownstudy28Massachus-settsInstituteofTechnology.AtM.I.T.advisorsrecommended29studentshave$890030foroneyear’sexpensesincluding$530031tuition$2685forroomand32$630forpersonalexpensesand$285forbooksandsupplies.Tenyearsagothetuition33only$2150.To34thatanotherwaythecosthasclimbed150percentinthelast35. 27
Ourmathsteacherisamanwhomeveryonelooks
A.pass B.paste C.lady D.lake
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