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很多人认为有必要举行口语考试，理由是…；2．也有人持不同的意见，…；3．我的看法和打算。
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Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 49
PassageOne AresomepeopleborncleverandothersbornstupidOrisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiencesStrangelyenoughtheanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirthandnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhandachildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirthbutwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisviewnowheldbymostexpertscanbesupportedinanumberofways. ItiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwithThecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeoplethemostclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulationitislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidenticaltwinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsistersparentsandchildrenusuallyhavesimilarintelligenceandthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth. Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironmentswemightsendoneforexampletoauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedevelopingandthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherbutwhoarerelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence. Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshow
PassageFour ModemideasarebeginningtoinfluencetheEskimosbutnotenoughtomakemuchdifferencetotheirwayoflife.Theystillspendthewinterinigloostheroundhutsthatarebuiltofsnowfrozenhard.Theystilltravelonsledsthatarepulledbydogs.Thewinteristoocoldforhuntingsoduringthatseasontheyliveonthestoresofsealmeatthattheyhavekilledinthesummer.Butsealmeatisnottheonlykindoffoodthattheyeat.InsummertheyhuntbearsandreindeeratypeofdeerWithlongbranchinghornsthatisusedforitsmilkmeatandskin.Theyalsofishalltheyearround.TheEskimoswhoarehuntersinsummerarefishermeninwinter.Inwintertheymakeholesintheiceandcatchtheirfishthroughtheholesthattheyhavemade.TheEskimosareadaptable.ThatiswhytheyareabletoliveinArcticregions. WhatistheEskimos'majormeansoftransportation
工厂和汽车排出的一氧化碳carbonmonoxide一类的气体严重污染了大气
1fyouhadbeenwithusyou______ourexcitement.
PassageFour ModemideasarebeginningtoinfluencetheEskimosbutnotenoughtomakemuchdifferencetotheirwayoflife.Theystillspendthewinterinigloostheroundhutsthatarebuiltofsnowfrozenhard.Theystilltravelonsledsthatarepulledbydogs.Thewinteristoocoldforhuntingsoduringthatseasontheyliveonthestoresofsealmeatthattheyhavekilledinthesummer.Butsealmeatisnottheonlykindoffoodthattheyeat.InsummertheyhuntbearsandreindeeratypeofdeerWithlongbranchinghornsthatisusedforitsmilkmeatandskin.Theyalsofishalltheyearround.TheEskimoswhoarehuntersinsummerarefishermeninwinter.Inwintertheymakeholesintheiceandcatchtheirfishthroughtheholesthattheyhavemade.TheEskimosareadaptable.ThatiswhytheyareabletoliveinArcticregions. TheEskimosareabletoliveinArcticregionsbecause
Totheir______itrainedonthedayofpicnic.
PassageThree Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Therearehowevervastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachitorhowmuchpriority优先itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemishowtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling. Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterestclearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe."Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrangechoosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability. Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible难以辨认的."Itmayhaveasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwritingbutitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessaywhichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrorsbutifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideasanexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement. Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat
PassageTwo Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker"sell"hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowerseyecontacthelpsholdlisteners’interest.Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport关系withlistenersaspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeakingwhetherfromapodium演讲台orfromacrossthetableare"regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest." Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylifewehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassersbybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontactitseemsistomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone. Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itisinfactessentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues暗示fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdraggingthatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolongorthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedoutvisualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered. Thewordtargetinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphcanbestbereplacedby
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 43
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 47
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 37
Theteacher______thatthestudentsbetherebeforenoon.
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 53
PassageTwo Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker"sell"hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowerseyecontacthelpsholdlisteners’interest.Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport关系withlistenersaspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeakingwhetherfromapodium演讲台orfromacrossthetableare"regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest." Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylifewehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassersbybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontactitseemsistomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone. Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itisinfactessentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues暗示fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdraggingthatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolongorthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedoutvisualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered. Indailylifewhentheglancesoftwopassersbyhappentomeetthesetwopersonswillinevitable
PooroldBillhadalotofmoney______whilehewasonholiday.
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 39
Donotshowimpatienceifyoufeeltheinterviewerisrepeatingthingsoraskingquestionsthathavenorelevancetothematterinhand.
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 51
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 55
PassageTwo Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker"sell"hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowerseyecontacthelpsholdlisteners’interest.Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport关系withlistenersaspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeakingwhetherfromapodium演讲台orfromacrossthetableare"regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest." Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylifewehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassersbybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontactitseemsistomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone. Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itisinfactessentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues暗示fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdraggingthatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolongorthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedoutvisualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered. Accordingtothepassageagoodspeakermust
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 45
在当今时代人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种各样的难题
PassageThree Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Therearehowevervastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachitorhowmuchpriority优先itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemishowtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling. Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterestclearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe."Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrangechoosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability. Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible难以辨认的."Itmayhaveasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwritingbutitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessaywhichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrorsbutifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideasanexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement. Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis
令我感到惊讶的是一部小说竟然具有这么大的力量
PassageFour ModemideasarebeginningtoinfluencetheEskimosbutnotenoughtomakemuchdifferencetotheirwayoflife.Theystillspendthewinterinigloostheroundhutsthatarebuiltofsnowfrozenhard.Theystilltravelonsledsthatarepulledbydogs.Thewinteristoocoldforhuntingsoduringthatseasontheyliveonthestoresofsealmeatthattheyhavekilledinthesummer.Butsealmeatisnottheonlykindoffoodthattheyeat.InsummertheyhuntbearsandreindeeratypeofdeerWithlongbranchinghornsthatisusedforitsmilkmeatandskin.Theyalsofishalltheyearround.TheEskimoswhoarehuntersinsummerarefishermeninwinter.Inwintertheymakeholesintheiceandcatchtheirfishthroughtheholesthattheyhavemade.TheEskimosareadaptable.ThatiswhytheyareabletoliveinArcticregions. Whichisthemaintopicofthispassage
Americaneatalotofbeefbecausethereisplentyoflandforraisingcattleandtheirmeatcanbeshippedcheaplyforlongdistancesbyrailroads.
Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdiebutpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey36.Yetalllivingthingsstillshowthe37ofagingwhichwilleventually.38death. Agingisnotadiseasebutasapersonpassesmaturitythecellsofthebodyandthe39theyformdonotfunctionaswellasthey40inchildhoodandadolescence青春期.Thebodyprovidesless41againstdiseaseandismoreprone42accident. Anumberofrelatedcausemay43aging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglifebuttheyarenot44whentheydie.Asapersonages45ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecrease46bodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthe47cellsmaynotbeasviable能生存的orascapable48growthasthoseofayoungperson. Another49inagingmaybechangeswithinthecells50.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown51withageandbecomelesselastic.Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinklesand52.Thisisalsothereasonoldpeople53inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.SomecomplexcellchemicalssuchasRNAstoreand54informationthatthecellneed.Agingmayaffectthis55andchangetheinformationcarryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell. 41
Maryseemsto______agoodmemoryforshecanlearnsuchalongpassagebyheart.
PassageOne AresomepeopleborncleverandothersbornstupidOrisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiencesStrangelyenoughtheanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirthandnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhandachildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirthbutwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisviewnowheldbymostexpertscanbesupportedinanumberofways. ItiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwithThecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeoplethemostclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulationitislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidenticaltwinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsistersparentsandchildrenusuallyhavesimilarintelligenceandthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth. Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironmentswemightsendoneforexampletoauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedevelopingandthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherbutwhoarerelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence. Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe
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