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{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ???Somepersonalcharacteristics playavitalroleinthedevelopmentofone’sintelligence.Butpeoplefailto realizetheimportanceofcultivatingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.? ??Theso-callednon-intelligencefactorsincludeone’sfeelings willmotivationinterestsandhabits.Aftera30-yearfollow-upstudyof800 malesAmericanpsychologistsfoundoutthatthemaincauseofdisparities差别in intelligenceisnotintelligenceitselfbutnon-intelligencefactorsincluding thedesiretolearnwill-powerandself-confidence.Thoughpeopleallknowthat oneshouldhavedefiniteobjectivesastrongwillandgoodlearninghabits quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon’tpaymuchattentiontocultivating thesefactors.Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodo wellintheirstudies.Theyblameeithergeneticfactorsmalnutritionor lazinessbuttheynevertakeintoconsiderationthesenon-intelligencefactors. Atthesametimesometeachersdon’tinquireintotheseasreasonswhy studentsdopoorly.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercisesoreven rebukeorridicule训斥或奚落them.Graduallythesestudentslostself-confidence. Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedandgivethemselvesupashopeless.Othersmay goastraybecausetheyaresickoflearning.??Theinvestigation ofmorethan1000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percent ofthemwereafraidoflearningbecauseofexaminations36.4percentlack persistenceinitiativeandconscientiousnessand10.3percentweresickof learning.??Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationof non-intelligencefactorshasbeenamainobstacletointelligencedevelopmentin teenagers.Itevercausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicalandpsychological developmentamongafewstudents.???Ifwedon’tstartnow tostrengthenthecultivationofnon-intelligencefactorsitwillnotonly obstructthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceofteenagersbutalsoaffectthe qualityofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveputforwardproposalsabouthow tocultivatestudents’non-intelligencefactors.???First parentsandteachersshouldfullyunderstandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasis theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectiveoflearningstimulatingtheir will-power.???Thecultivationofnon-intelligencefactors shouldalsobepartofprimaryeducationforsmallchildren.Parentsshould attendtothesequalitiesfromtheverybeginning.?? ?Primaryandmiddleschoolscanopenpsychologycoursestohelpstudents overcomethepsychologicalobstaclestotheirlearningdailylivesand recreation.Somestudentsgiveupstudybecause______.
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
Iflanguagewerefor{{U}}nothing{{/U}}butthecommunicationofwarningsandweatherreportsanartificalinternationallanguagewoulddonicely.
{{*HTML*}} ??Medicineisthescienceandartofhealing.Itisascience becauseitisbasedonknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyand experimentation.Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctorsand othermedicalworkersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwithpatients. ??2.??Thegoalsofmedicinearetosavelivesto relievesufferingandtomaintainthedignityofillindividuals.Forthis reasonmedicinehaslongbeenoneofthemostrespectedprofessions.Thousands ofmenandwomenwhoworkinthemedicalprofessionspendtheirlivescaringfor thesick.Whendisasterstrikeshospitalworkersrushemergencyaidtothe injured.Whenepidemicsthreatendoctorsandnursesworktopreventthe spreadofdisease.Researchersinthemedicalprofessioncontinuallysearchfor betterwaysoffightingdisease.??3.??Humanbeings havesufferedfromillnessessincetheyfirstappearedontheearth.Throughout mostofthistimetheyknewlittleabouthowthehumanbodyworksorwhat causesdisease.Treatmentwasbasedlargelyonsuperstitionandguesswork. ??4.??Howevermedicinehasmadetremendousprogress inthelastseveralhundredyears.Todayitispossibletocurecontrolor preventhundredsofdiseases.Peoplelivelongerthantheydidinthepastasa resultofnewdrugsmachinesandsurgicaloperations.Medicalprogressinthe controlofinfectiousdiseasesimprovementsinhealthcareprogramsformothers andchildrenandbetternutritionsanitationandlivingconditionshavegiven peoplealongerlifeexpectancy.??5.??Asmedicine hasbecomemorescientificithasalsobecomemorecomplicated.Inthepast doctorscaredforpatientsalmostsingle-handedly.Patientsreceivedtreat-ment athomeformostkindsofillnesses.Todaydoctorsnolongerworkby themselves.Insteadtheyheadmedicalteamsmadeupofnurseslaboratory workersandmanyotherskilledprofessionals.Thecareprovidedbysuchteams cannotgenerallybestartedathome.Asaresultclinicsandhospitalshave becomethechiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries.Paragraph3______.
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
We{{U}}perceived{{/U}}thatwewereunwelcomeandleft.
{{*HTML*}} ???Mothersandmatchmakers媒人have alwaysknownthatnotbeingmarriedisadefinitehealthhazard.Butwhenateam ofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoreportedafew weeksagothatmiddle-aged中年的menwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikely todieduringa10-yearspan全长asmenwithwivestheespousedandthe spouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatswept throughofficesandwateringholes-anditmadepeoplefeelsmug自鸣得意的or anxiousdependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthe studyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedfor说明解释thedramaticdifferences insurvivalrates.???TheinvestigatorsheadedbyUCSF associateprofessorofepidemiologyaridbiostatistics生物统计学MaradeeA.Davis hadsetouttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality. BecauseofthebufferingsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovideDavisand hercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalone fared生活进展worstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprisehoweverthatin theirstudypopulationsubjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleother thanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedby themselves.ThecriticalfactorDavissaysseemstobethepresenceofa spouse.???Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouseless werefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowedseparatedordivorcedratherthan inthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealready eliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjusting theirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmokingalcoholconsumptionobesityand lackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofother considerationssuchasbloodpressurecholesterollevelsandchronic illnesses.??Sexroles:Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthe differencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpressnutritionmaystill accountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy’sfindings.Previousresearchby Davis’steamshowedthatunmarriedmeneveniftheylivedwithotherpeopleate lesshealthydietsthanmarriedmen.Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmen aren’taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfood preparation.saysDavis.???Emotionalandsocialfactors probablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.The SanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheir studypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldataandthey’lllookatatrait特征 theycallgeneralwell-being.Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelings andmoodsratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswill analyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworriednervous orpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemen withoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidentsit’slikelythat emotionalstresscontributedto可助于促使theirhighermortalityrate.? ??Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreporteda significantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren’tmarried.So perhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn’treallysocomplicated. Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwivestheyjustplainfeelhappier thantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonthanforstayingalive? Environmentalfactorsaffectourhealthinimportantway.
{{*HTML*}} ???Mothersandmatchmakers媒人have alwaysknownthatnotbeingmarriedisadefinitehealthhazard.Butwhenateam ofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoreportedafew weeksagothatmiddle-aged中年的menwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikely todieduringa10-yearspan全长asmenwithwivestheespousedandthe spouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatswept throughofficesandwateringholes-anditmadepeoplefeelsmug自鸣得意的or anxiousdependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthe studyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedfor说明解释thedramaticdifferences insurvivalrates.???TheinvestigatorsheadedbyUCSF associateprofessorofepidemiologyaridbiostatistics生物统计学MaradeeA.Davis hadsetouttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality. BecauseofthebufferingsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovideDavisand hercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalone fared生活进展worstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprisehoweverthatin theirstudypopulationsubjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleother thanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedby themselves.ThecriticalfactorDavissaysseemstobethepresenceofa spouse.???Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouseless werefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowedseparatedordivorcedratherthan inthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealready eliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjusting theirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmokingalcoholconsumptionobesityand lackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofother considerationssuchasbloodpressurecholesterollevelsandchronic illnesses.??Sexroles:Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthe differencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpressnutritionmaystill accountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy’sfindings.Previousresearchby Davis’steamshowedthatunmarriedmeneveniftheylivedwithotherpeopleate lesshealthydietsthanmarriedmen.Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmen aren’taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfood preparation.saysDavis.???Emotionalandsocialfactors probablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.The SanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheir studypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldataandthey’lllookatatrait特征 theycallgeneralwell-being.Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelings andmoodsratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswill analyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworriednervous orpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemen withoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidentsit’slikelythat emotionalstresscontributedto可助于促使theirhighermortalityrate.? ??Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreporteda significantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren’tmarried.So perhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn’treallysocomplicated. Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwivestheyjustplainfeelhappier thantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonthanforstayingalive? Emotionalandsocialfactorsalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.
{{*HTML*}} ??Medicineisthescienceandartofhealing.Itisascience becauseitisbasedonknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyand experimentation.Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctorsand othermedicalworkersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwithpatients. ??2.??Thegoalsofmedicinearetosavelivesto relievesufferingandtomaintainthedignityofillindividuals.Forthis reasonmedicinehaslongbeenoneofthemostrespectedprofessions.Thousands ofmenandwomenwhoworkinthemedicalprofessionspendtheirlivescaringfor thesick.Whendisasterstrikeshospitalworkersrushemergencyaidtothe injured.Whenepidemicsthreatendoctorsandnursesworktopreventthe spreadofdisease.Researchersinthemedicalprofessioncontinuallysearchfor betterwaysoffightingdisease.??3.??Humanbeings havesufferedfromillnessessincetheyfirstappearedontheearth.Throughout mostofthistimetheyknewlittleabouthowthehumanbodyworksorwhat causesdisease.Treatmentwasbasedlargelyonsuperstitionandguesswork. ??4.??Howevermedicinehasmadetremendousprogress inthelastseveralhundredyears.Todayitispossibletocurecontrolor preventhundredsofdiseases.Peoplelivelongerthantheydidinthepastasa resultofnewdrugsmachinesandsurgicaloperations.Medicalprogressinthe controlofinfectiousdiseasesimprovementsinhealthcareprogramsformothers andchildrenandbetternutritionsanitationandlivingconditionshavegiven peoplealongerlifeexpectancy.??5.??Asmedicine hasbecomemorescientificithasalsobecomemorecomplicated.Inthepast doctorscaredforpatientsalmostsingle-handedly.Patientsreceivedtreat-ment athomeformostkindsofillnesses.Todaydoctorsnolongerworkby themselves.Insteadtheyheadmedicalteamsmadeupofnurseslaboratory workersandmanyotherskilledprofessionals.Thecareprovidedbysuchteams cannotgenerallybestartedathome.Asaresultclinicsandhospitalshave becomethechiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries.Withthedevelopmentofthemedicineclinicsandhospitalshavebecome______.
{{*HTML*}} ???Mothersandmatchmakers媒人have alwaysknownthatnotbeingmarriedisadefinitehealthhazard.Butwhenateam ofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoreportedafew weeksagothatmiddle-aged中年的menwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikely todieduringa10-yearspan全长asmenwithwivestheespousedandthe spouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatswept throughofficesandwateringholes-anditmadepeoplefeelsmug自鸣得意的or anxiousdependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthe studyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedfor说明解释thedramaticdifferences insurvivalrates.???TheinvestigatorsheadedbyUCSF associateprofessorofepidemiologyaridbiostatistics生物统计学MaradeeA.Davis hadsetouttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality. BecauseofthebufferingsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovideDavisand hercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalone fared生活进展worstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprisehoweverthatin theirstudypopulationsubjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleother thanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedby themselves.ThecriticalfactorDavissaysseemstobethepresenceofa spouse.???Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouseless werefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowedseparatedordivorcedratherthan inthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealready eliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjusting theirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmokingalcoholconsumptionobesityand lackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofother considerationssuchasbloodpressurecholesterollevelsandchronic illnesses.??Sexroles:Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthe differencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpressnutritionmaystill accountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy’sfindings.Previousresearchby Davis’steamshowedthatunmarriedmeneveniftheylivedwithotherpeopleate lesshealthydietsthanmarriedmen.Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmen aren’taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfood preparation.saysDavis.???Emotionalandsocialfactors probablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.The SanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheir studypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldataandthey’lllookatatrait特征 theycallgeneralwell-being.Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelings andmoodsratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswill analyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworriednervous orpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemen withoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidentsit’slikelythat emotionalstresscontributedto可助于促使theirhighermortalityrate.? ??Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreporteda significantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren’tmarried.So perhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn’treallysocomplicated. Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwivestheyjustplainfeelhappier thantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonthanforstayingalive? Thepessimist’sfeelingofhelplessnessunderminesthebody’stheimmunesystem.
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
Theboy'sdeathwas{{U}}disastrous{{/U}}tohim.Thepoormannevergotoverfromit.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Thegenesthathelpdeterminea person’sindividualcharacteristics—fromthecolorofhiseyestothescorehe makesonanIQtest—arelocatedonchromosomeswithinthecellsofhisbody. Halfofaperson’schromosomescomefromhisfatherhalffromhismother.Many diseasesaretheresultofasingledefectivegeneononeofthechromosomes. Achondroplasticdwarfismforexampleiscausedbyadominantgeneandany childwhoinheritsitwillhavethedisease.Ageneticcounselorconfrontedbya parentwithsuchadiseasecouldwarnthathalfofhischildrenriskthe disease.Moreoftengeneticdiseasesarecausedbyrecessivegenes.Themost commoniscysticfibrosisadisorderthataffectsatleastoneinevery1600 babiesandcausestheirlungsandotherbodyorganstobecomecongestedwith mucus.Somediseasessuchastheblood-clottingdisorderhemophiliaare sex-linkedrecessivedefectscarriedonthefemaleXchromosome.? ??ManygeneticdefectssuchasthehemophiliaofEuropeanroyalty canbetracedbackthroughthefamilytree.Andageneticcounselorcan calculateprobablerisksforcouplesevenbeforetheyhavedefectivechildren. Butfaultygenesmayalsooccurwithoutwarningbymutationinanygeneration. ???Inrecentyearsresearchershavedetectedanumberof disorderscausedbyanextrachromosomeorlackofpartofachromosome. Mongolismaformofretardationaccompaniedbyshortstatureaflattenednose andbroadhandsandfeetiscausedbyanextrachromosome.Theparentsofsuch achildhavelittleincreasedriskofhavinganotherMongoloid.? ??Therearebloodurineandothertestswhichshowpromisein detectingmorethan100geneticdiseasesincludingcysticfibrosishemophilia andsomeformsofmusculardystrophy.???Researchersare alsodetectinggeneticdefectsevenbeforeachildisborn.Intrauterine detectionnotesDr.HenryL.NadlerofNorthwesternUniversityMedicalSchool bringsanewdimensiontogeneticcounseling.Thephysicianmaynowinform theparentsthattheywillhaveeitheranaffectedoranormalchild. Astothegeneticdefectswhichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Thegenesthathelpdeterminea person’sindividualcharacteristics—fromthecolorofhiseyestothescorehe makesonanIQtest—arelocatedonchromosomeswithinthecellsofhisbody. Halfofaperson’schromosomescomefromhisfatherhalffromhismother.Many diseasesaretheresultofasingledefectivegeneononeofthechromosomes. Achondroplasticdwarfismforexampleiscausedbyadominantgeneandany childwhoinheritsitwillhavethedisease.Ageneticcounselorconfrontedbya parentwithsuchadiseasecouldwarnthathalfofhischildrenriskthe disease.Moreoftengeneticdiseasesarecausedbyrecessivegenes.Themost commoniscysticfibrosisadisorderthataffectsatleastoneinevery1600 babiesandcausestheirlungsandotherbodyorganstobecomecongestedwith mucus.Somediseasessuchastheblood-clottingdisorderhemophiliaare sex-linkedrecessivedefectscarriedonthefemaleXchromosome.? ??ManygeneticdefectssuchasthehemophiliaofEuropeanroyalty canbetracedbackthroughthefamilytree.Andageneticcounselorcan calculateprobablerisksforcouplesevenbeforetheyhavedefectivechildren. Butfaultygenesmayalsooccurwithoutwarningbymutationinanygeneration. ???Inrecentyearsresearchershavedetectedanumberof disorderscausedbyanextrachromosomeorlackofpartofachromosome. Mongolismaformofretardationaccompaniedbyshortstatureaflattenednose andbroadhandsandfeetiscausedbyanextrachromosome.Theparentsofsuch achildhavelittleincreasedriskofhavinganotherMongoloid.? ??Therearebloodurineandothertestswhichshowpromisein detectingmorethan100geneticdiseasesincludingcysticfibrosishemophilia andsomeformsofmusculardystrophy.???Researchersare alsodetectinggeneticdefectsevenbeforeachildisborn.Intrauterine detectionnotesDr.HenryL.NadlerofNorthwesternUniversityMedicalSchool bringsanewdimensiontogeneticcounseling.Thephysicianmaynowinform theparentsthattheywillhaveeitheranaffectedoranormalchild. Wecanseefromthepassagethattheauthorseemstobe______aboutthepreventionofgeneticdiseases.
Whenhespokeshehadanunpleasant{{U}}insight{{/U}}intowhatlifewouldbelikeashiswife.
{{*HTML*}} ???Mothersandmatchmakers媒人have alwaysknownthatnotbeingmarriedisadefinitehealthhazard.Butwhenateam ofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoreportedafew weeksagothatmiddle-aged中年的menwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikely todieduringa10-yearspan全长asmenwithwivestheespousedandthe spouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatswept throughofficesandwateringholes-anditmadepeoplefeelsmug自鸣得意的or anxiousdependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthe studyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedfor说明解释thedramaticdifferences insurvivalrates.???TheinvestigatorsheadedbyUCSF associateprofessorofepidemiologyaridbiostatistics生物统计学MaradeeA.Davis hadsetouttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality. BecauseofthebufferingsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovideDavisand hercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalone fared生活进展worstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprisehoweverthatin theirstudypopulationsubjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleother thanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedby themselves.ThecriticalfactorDavissaysseemstobethepresenceofa spouse.???Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouseless werefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowedseparatedordivorcedratherthan inthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealready eliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjusting theirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmokingalcoholconsumptionobesityand lackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofother considerationssuchasbloodpressurecholesterollevelsandchronic illnesses.??Sexroles:Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthe differencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpressnutritionmaystill accountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy’sfindings.Previousresearchby Davis’steamshowedthatunmarriedmeneveniftheylivedwithotherpeopleate lesshealthydietsthanmarriedmen.Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmen aren’taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfood preparation.saysDavis.???Emotionalandsocialfactors probablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.The SanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheir studypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldataandthey’lllookatatrait特征 theycallgeneralwell-being.Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelings andmoodsratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswill analyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworriednervous orpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemen withoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidentsit’slikelythat emotionalstresscontributedto可助于促使theirhighermortalityrate.? ??Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreporteda significantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren’tmarried.So perhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn’treallysocomplicated. Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwivestheyjustplainfeelhappier thantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonthanforstayingalive? Nutritionisamainfactorforamantolivelonger.
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{{*HTML*}} ??Medicineisthescienceandartofhealing.Itisascience becauseitisbasedonknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyand experimentation.Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctorsand othermedicalworkersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwithpatients. ??2.??Thegoalsofmedicinearetosavelivesto relievesufferingandtomaintainthedignityofillindividuals.Forthis reasonmedicinehaslongbeenoneofthemostrespectedprofessions.Thousands ofmenandwomenwhoworkinthemedicalprofessionspendtheirlivescaringfor thesick.Whendisasterstrikeshospitalworkersrushemergencyaidtothe injured.Whenepidemicsthreatendoctorsandnursesworktopreventthe spreadofdisease.Researchersinthemedicalprofessioncontinuallysearchfor betterwaysoffightingdisease.??3.??Humanbeings havesufferedfromillnessessincetheyfirstappearedontheearth.Throughout mostofthistimetheyknewlittleabouthowthehumanbodyworksorwhat causesdisease.Treatmentwasbasedlargelyonsuperstitionandguesswork. ??4.??Howevermedicinehasmadetremendousprogress inthelastseveralhundredyears.Todayitispossibletocurecontrolor preventhundredsofdiseases.Peoplelivelongerthantheydidinthepastasa resultofnewdrugsmachinesandsurgicaloperations.Medicalprogressinthe controlofinfectiousdiseasesimprovementsinhealthcareprogramsformothers andchildrenandbetternutritionsanitationandlivingconditionshavegiven peoplealongerlifeexpectancy.??5.??Asmedicine hasbecomemorescientificithasalsobecomemorecomplicated.Inthepast doctorscaredforpatientsalmostsingle-handedly.Patientsreceivedtreat-ment athomeformostkindsofillnesses.Todaydoctorsnolongerworkby themselves.Insteadtheyheadmedicalteamsmadeupofnurseslaboratory workersandmanyotherskilledprofessionals.Thecareprovidedbysuchteams cannotgenerallybestartedathome.Asaresultclinicsandhospitalshave becomethechiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries.Doctorsapplytheknowledgegainedthrough______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Twoscientistswhohavewon praiseforresearchintothegrowthofcancercellscouldbecandidatesforthe NobelPrizeinmedicinewhenthe2008winnersarepresentedonMondaykicking offsixdaysofNobelannouncements.??Australian-bornU.S. citizenElizabethBlackburnandAmericanCarolGreiderhavealreadywonaseries ofmedicalhonorsfortheirenzymeresearchandexpertssaytheycouldbeamong thefront-runnersforaNobel.???Onlysevenwomenhavewon themedicineprizesincethefirstNobelPrizeswerehandedoutin1901.The lastfemalewinnerwasU.S.researcherLindaBuckin2004whosharedtheprize withRichardAxel.??Amongthepair’spossiblerivalsare FrenchmanPierreChambonandAmericansRonaldEvansandElwoodJensenwho openedupthefieldofstudyingproteinscallednuclearhormonereceptors. ??Asusualtheawardcommitteeisgivingnohintsaboutwhois intherunningbeforepresentingitsdecisioninanewsconferenceat Stockholm’sKarolinskaInstitute.???AlfredNobelthe Swedewhoinventeddynamiteestablishedtheprizesinhiswillinthe categoriesofmedicinephysicschemistryliteratureandpeace.Theeconomics prizeistechnicallynotaNobelbuta1968creationofSweden’scentralbank. ???Nobelleftfewinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners butmedicinewinnersaretypicallyawardedforaspecificbreakthroughrather thanabodyofresearch.???HansJornvallsecretaryofthe medicineprizecommitteesaidthe10millionkronorUS$1.3millionprize encouragesgroundbreakingresearchbuthedidnotthinkwinningitwasthe primarygoalforscientists.???Individualresearchers probablydon’tlookatthemselvesaspotentialNobelPrizewinnerswhenthey’re atworkJornvalltoldTheAssociatedPress.Theygettheirkicksfromtheir researchandtheirinterestinhowlifefunctions.???In 2006BlackburnoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoandGreiderof JohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimoresharedtheLaskerprizeforbasicmedical researchwithJackSzostakofHarvardMedicalSchool.Theirworksetthestage forresearchsuggestingthatcancercellsusetelomerasetosustaintheir uncontrolledgrowth.WhichisNOTtrueofAlfredNobel?
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
{{*HTML*}} ??Medicineisthescienceandartofhealing.Itisascience becauseitisbasedonknowledgegainedthroughcarefulstudyand experimentation.Itisanartbecauseitdependsonhowskillfullydoctorsand othermedicalworkersapplythisknowledgewhendealingwithpatients. ??2.??Thegoalsofmedicinearetosavelivesto relievesufferingandtomaintainthedignityofillindividuals.Forthis reasonmedicinehaslongbeenoneofthemostrespectedprofessions.Thousands ofmenandwomenwhoworkinthemedicalprofessionspendtheirlivescaringfor thesick.Whendisasterstrikeshospitalworkersrushemergencyaidtothe injured.Whenepidemicsthreatendoctorsandnursesworktopreventthe spreadofdisease.Researchersinthemedicalprofessioncontinuallysearchfor betterwaysoffightingdisease.??3.??Humanbeings havesufferedfromillnessessincetheyfirstappearedontheearth.Throughout mostofthistimetheyknewlittleabouthowthehumanbodyworksorwhat causesdisease.Treatmentwasbasedlargelyonsuperstitionandguesswork. ??4.??Howevermedicinehasmadetremendousprogress inthelastseveralhundredyears.Todayitispossibletocurecontrolor preventhundredsofdiseases.Peoplelivelongerthantheydidinthepastasa resultofnewdrugsmachinesandsurgicaloperations.Medicalprogressinthe controlofinfectiousdiseasesimprovementsinhealthcareprogramsformothers andchildrenandbetternutritionsanitationandlivingconditionshavegiven peoplealongerlifeexpectancy.??5.??Asmedicine hasbecomemorescientificithasalsobecomemorecomplicated.Inthepast doctorscaredforpatientsalmostsingle-handedly.Patientsreceivedtreat-ment athomeformostkindsofillnesses.Todaydoctorsnolongerworkby themselves.Insteadtheyheadmedicalteamsmadeupofnurseslaboratory workersandmanyotherskilledprofessionals.Thecareprovidedbysuchteams cannotgenerallybestartedathome.Asaresultclinicsandhospitalshave becomethechiefcentersformedicalcareinmostcountries.Paragraph5______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Thegenesthathelpdeterminea person’sindividualcharacteristics—fromthecolorofhiseyestothescorehe makesonanIQtest—arelocatedonchromosomeswithinthecellsofhisbody. Halfofaperson’schromosomescomefromhisfatherhalffromhismother.Many diseasesaretheresultofasingledefectivegeneononeofthechromosomes. Achondroplasticdwarfismforexampleiscausedbyadominantgeneandany childwhoinheritsitwillhavethedisease.Ageneticcounselorconfrontedbya parentwithsuchadiseasecouldwarnthathalfofhischildrenriskthe disease.Moreoftengeneticdiseasesarecausedbyrecessivegenes.Themost commoniscysticfibrosisadisorderthataffectsatleastoneinevery1600 babiesandcausestheirlungsandotherbodyorganstobecomecongestedwith mucus.Somediseasessuchastheblood-clottingdisorderhemophiliaare sex-linkedrecessivedefectscarriedonthefemaleXchromosome.? ??ManygeneticdefectssuchasthehemophiliaofEuropeanroyalty canbetracedbackthroughthefamilytree.Andageneticcounselorcan calculateprobablerisksforcouplesevenbeforetheyhavedefectivechildren. Butfaultygenesmayalsooccurwithoutwarningbymutationinanygeneration. ???Inrecentyearsresearchershavedetectedanumberof disorderscausedbyanextrachromosomeorlackofpartofachromosome. Mongolismaformofretardationaccompaniedbyshortstatureaflattenednose andbroadhandsandfeetiscausedbyanextrachromosome.Theparentsofsuch achildhavelittleincreasedriskofhavinganotherMongoloid.? ??Therearebloodurineandothertestswhichshowpromisein detectingmorethan100geneticdiseasesincludingcysticfibrosishemophilia andsomeformsofmusculardystrophy.???Researchersare alsodetectinggeneticdefectsevenbeforeachildisborn.Intrauterine detectionnotesDr.HenryL.NadlerofNorthwesternUniversityMedicalSchool bringsanewdimensiontogeneticcounseling.Thephysicianmaynowinform theparentsthattheywillhaveeitheranaffectedoranormalchild. Theoriginaltitleofthepassagecanbebestreplacedby______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ???Somepersonalcharacteristics playavitalroleinthedevelopmentofone’sintelligence.Butpeoplefailto realizetheimportanceofcultivatingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.? ??Theso-callednon-intelligencefactorsincludeone’sfeelings willmotivationinterestsandhabits.Aftera30-yearfollow-upstudyof800 malesAmericanpsychologistsfoundoutthatthemaincauseofdisparities差别in intelligenceisnotintelligenceitselfbutnon-intelligencefactorsincluding thedesiretolearnwill-powerandself-confidence.Thoughpeopleallknowthat oneshouldhavedefiniteobjectivesastrongwillandgoodlearninghabits quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon’tpaymuchattentiontocultivating thesefactors.Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodo wellintheirstudies.Theyblameeithergeneticfactorsmalnutritionor lazinessbuttheynevertakeintoconsiderationthesenon-intelligencefactors. Atthesametimesometeachersdon’tinquireintotheseasreasonswhy studentsdopoorly.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercisesoreven rebukeorridicule训斥或奚落them.Graduallythesestudentslostself-confidence. Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedandgivethemselvesupashopeless.Othersmay goastraybecausetheyaresickoflearning.??Theinvestigation ofmorethan1000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percent ofthemwereafraidoflearningbecauseofexaminations36.4percentlack persistenceinitiativeandconscientiousnessand10.3percentweresickof learning.??Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationof non-intelligencefactorshasbeenamainobstacletointelligencedevelopmentin teenagers.Itevercausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicalandpsychological developmentamongafewstudents.???Ifwedon’tstartnow tostrengthenthecultivationofnon-intelligencefactorsitwillnotonly obstructthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceofteenagersbutalsoaffectthe qualityofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveputforwardproposalsabouthow tocultivatestudents’non-intelligencefactors.???First parentsandteachersshouldfullyunderstandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasis theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectiveoflearningstimulatingtheir will-power.???Thecultivationofnon-intelligencefactors shouldalsobepartofprimaryeducationforsmallchildren.Parentsshould attendtothesequalitiesfromtheverybeginning.?? ?Primaryandmiddleschoolscanopenpsychologycoursestohelpstudents overcomethepsychologicalobstaclestotheirlearningdailylivesand recreation.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheneglectingofnon-intelligencefactorsonchildren?
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Twoscientistswhohavewon praiseforresearchintothegrowthofcancercellscouldbecandidatesforthe NobelPrizeinmedicinewhenthe2008winnersarepresentedonMondaykicking offsixdaysofNobelannouncements.??Australian-bornU.S. citizenElizabethBlackburnandAmericanCarolGreiderhavealreadywonaseries ofmedicalhonorsfortheirenzymeresearchandexpertssaytheycouldbeamong thefront-runnersforaNobel.???Onlysevenwomenhavewon themedicineprizesincethefirstNobelPrizeswerehandedoutin1901.The lastfemalewinnerwasU.S.researcherLindaBuckin2004whosharedtheprize withRichardAxel.??Amongthepair’spossiblerivalsare FrenchmanPierreChambonandAmericansRonaldEvansandElwoodJensenwho openedupthefieldofstudyingproteinscallednuclearhormonereceptors. ??Asusualtheawardcommitteeisgivingnohintsaboutwhois intherunningbeforepresentingitsdecisioninanewsconferenceat Stockholm’sKarolinskaInstitute.???AlfredNobelthe Swedewhoinventeddynamiteestablishedtheprizesinhiswillinthe categoriesofmedicinephysicschemistryliteratureandpeace.Theeconomics prizeistechnicallynotaNobelbuta1968creationofSweden’scentralbank. ???Nobelleftfewinstructionsonhowtoselectwinners butmedicinewinnersaretypicallyawardedforaspecificbreakthroughrather thanabodyofresearch.???HansJornvallsecretaryofthe medicineprizecommitteesaidthe10millionkronorUS$1.3millionprize encouragesgroundbreakingresearchbuthedidnotthinkwinningitwasthe primarygoalforscientists.???Individualresearchers probablydon’tlookatthemselvesaspotentialNobelPrizewinnerswhenthey’re atworkJornvalltoldTheAssociatedPress.Theygettheirkicksfromtheir researchandtheirinterestinhowlifefunctions.???In 2006BlackburnoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscoandGreiderof JohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimoresharedtheLaskerprizeforbasicmedical researchwithJackSzostakofHarvardMedicalSchool.Theirworksetthestage forresearchsuggestingthatcancercellsusetelomerasetosustaintheir uncontrolledgrowth.Thewordkicksinline6fromthebottomprobablymeans______.
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
{{*HTML*}} ???Manymillionsofpeoplehave highbloodpressurehypertension高血压.What’ssofrighteningaboutthisso calledsilentkilleristhatitoftendoesnotproduce{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}foryearssecretlydamagingarteriesandorgansthroughoutthebody untiliterupts爆发intheformofstrokeheartattackcongestiveheart failure充血性尽力衰竭orkidneydisease.{{U}}?52?{{/U}}leftuntreated evenmildhypertensioncanreducethelifeexpectancyofa35-year-old {{U}}?53?{{/U}}severalyears.Readingsof140to159over90to99 aremildlyhigh;about120/80isnormal.???That’swhy highbloodpressureiscommonlytreatedwithanti-hypertensivedrugs.But studies{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thatinsomepeopleanincreaseincalcium钙 consumptioncanhelp{{U}}?55?{{/U}}bloodpressurewithout medication药物治疗???Calciumalsoseemstohelpprevent highbloodpressure.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theresultsof13-yearsurvey {{U}}?57?{{/U}}bytheU.S.NationalCenterforHealthStatistics JamesH.Dwyerassociateprofessorof{{U}}?58?{{/U}}medicineatthe UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaSchoolofMedicinefoundthatpeoplewho consumed1300milligramsofcalciumadaywere12percent{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}likelytodevelophypertensionthanthose{{U}}?60?{{/U}} only300mg.aday.Inpeopleunderage40riskwasreducedbyupto25 percent.???Soondoctorsmay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}some hypertensionpatientstoincreasetheircalciumintake{{U}}?62?{{/U}} thewaytheynowadvisesodium钠restriction.It’s{{U}}?63?{{/U}}to addfoodorsupplementsthantogoonalow-sodiumdiet{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}Dr.DavidMcCarronprofessorofmedicineatOregonHealthSciences University.Ourstudiesshowthatpeoplewhotrythelow-sodium{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}don’tstaywithitverylong.
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