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A.Wherehaveyonbeen B.Whatdoyoudo C.Aninterestingplace D.apart-timejob E.AndwhatdoyoudoE.beenthereG.ThaisoundsinterestingH.Whichrestaurant Jason:WheredoyouworkAndrea Andrea:IworkforThomasCookTravel. Jason:Ohreally56there Andrea:I’maguide.IlakepeopleontourstocountriesinSouthAmericalikePeru. Jason:57! Andrea:Yesit’sagreatjob.Iloveit.58 Jason:I’mastudentandIhave59too. Andrea:OhWheredoyouwork Jason:Inafast-foodrestaurant Andrea:60 Jason:HamburgerHeaven. 58
Itwasdifficultforhimtobuygoodshoesbecausehehadsuchabigoffeet.
InBritainpeoplehavedifferentaltitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally21themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice22havethepowerthattheydo. WhatdoesapolicemanactuallydoItisnot23jobtodescribe.Afterallapolicemanhasanumberofjobsinone.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic.either24footinthecentreofatownorinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed.inBritainhemightheintheTrafficPoliceandspendalloralotofhistime25upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmovingstop26motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident. Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe27too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbancewe28thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhavetodealwithsituationatgreatrisktotheirown29. Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimesofcoursesoanordinarypolicemanevenifheisnotadetective侦探willoftenhavetohelp30andarrestcriminals. And31dowecallwhenthereisanemergency—anaircrashafirearoadaccident.orarobberyWecallthepolice.32apolicemanhastobepreparedtofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe33world. Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjobtheydoit34wellandIsupportthembutIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould35dothejobofapoliceman. 28
A.there B.here C.where D.care
—Hehardlyhasanythingnowadays—NoIdon'tthinkso!
Humanneedsseemendless.Theymightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereisenoughmoneytosatisfyonelevelofneedsanotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfiedthesecondlevelofneedsclothingandsomesortofshelterappears.BytheendofWorldWarIItheseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeareditincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Theninthelate1950safourthlevelofneedsappeared:thelife-enrichinglevel.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfactionthatisthefeedingcomfortsafetyandtransportationthislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognitionachievementandhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices.Amongthemarevacationtripsthebestmedicalanddentalcareandrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsantithelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevelalotofmoneyisspentonserviceswhileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdiseaseignorancecrimeandprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachsourclothesclosetsourgaragesourteethandourmindswenowmayseektoensurethehealthsafetyandleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel
InBritainpeoplehavedifferentaltitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally21themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice22havethepowerthattheydo. WhatdoesapolicemanactuallydoItisnot23jobtodescribe.Afterallapolicemanhasanumberofjobsinone.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic.either24footinthecentreofatownorinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed.inBritainhemightheintheTrafficPoliceandspendalloralotofhistime25upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmovingstop26motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident. Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe27too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbancewe28thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhavetodealwithsituationatgreatrisktotheirown29. Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimesofcoursesoanordinarypolicemanevenifheisnotadetective侦探willoftenhavetohelp30andarrestcriminals. And31dowecallwhenthereisanemergency—anaircrashafirearoadaccident.orarobberyWecallthepolice.32apolicemanhastobepreparedtofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe33world. Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjobtheydoit34wellandIsupportthembutIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould35dothejobofapoliceman. 32
A.Wherehaveyonbeen B.Whatdoyoudo C.Aninterestingplace D.apart-timejob E.AndwhatdoyoudoE.beenthereG.ThaisoundsinterestingH.Whichrestaurant Jason:WheredoyouworkAndrea Andrea:IworkforThomasCookTravel. Jason:Ohreally56there Andrea:I’maguide.IlakepeopleontourstocountriesinSouthAmericalikePeru. Jason:57! Andrea:Yesit’sagreatjob.Iloveit.58 Jason:I’mastudentandIhave59too. Andrea:OhWheredoyouwork Jason:Inafast-foodrestaurant Andrea:60 Jason:HamburgerHeaven. 60
InBritainpeoplehavedifferentaltitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally21themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice22havethepowerthattheydo. WhatdoesapolicemanactuallydoItisnot23jobtodescribe.Afterallapolicemanhasanumberofjobsinone.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic.either24footinthecentreofatownorinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed.inBritainhemightheintheTrafficPoliceandspendalloralotofhistime25upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmovingstop26motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident. Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe27too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbancewe28thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhavetodealwithsituationatgreatrisktotheirown29. Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimesofcoursesoanordinarypolicemanevenifheisnotadetective侦探willoftenhavetohelp30andarrestcriminals. And31dowecallwhenthereisanemergency—anaircrashafirearoadaccident.orarobberyWecallthepolice.32apolicemanhastobepreparedtofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe33world. Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjobtheydoit34wellandIsupportthembutIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould35dothejobofapoliceman. 34
OneBritishschoolisfindingthatallowingchildrentolistentomusicoreventohavetheTVonwhilestudyingishelpingimprovegrades.21yourteenagerstartsafamilyquarrelbysittinginanarmchairlisteningtomusicwhiledoinghishomeworkwhynot22asimpleexperimentRatherthantakingtheheavyhanded严厉的lineoforderinghimtohisbedroomtogetonwithit23lethimdothehomeworkthe24hewants.Youmightwellfindthathisessayismoresparkling有文采的than25he’sdonebefore. AccordingtotheresearchofMillfieldprepschoolaround20%ofyoungsters26bestwithbackgroundmusic10%excel突出whenallowedtobreakuptheirworkwithshortwalksaroundtheroomwhileupto80%canconcentrate集中注意力27ifallowedtofiddle用手拨弄withasmallobject. Theresearchhasadvisedtheschooltoadopt采取acomplete28approach措analyzingpupilstodiscoverwhichlearningstyle29thembest—thenlettingthemdotheirworklisteningtomusicor30lyingdown.Doubtfulparentsatfirstregardedthemoveasalayabout’s懒散闲荡的人deedbutmanyarenowapplyingitat31wherechildrenarealsoallowedtodotheirwork32thetelevisionon. "I33toworkonthefloorwithmusiconlow"admitsSusan13aday-girl走读女生."AtfirstmyparentsthoughtIwasskiving逃避butmy34persuadedthemtolookatmyhomeworkandwhentheysawitwasOKthey35/ 21
A.expect B.exact C.example D.exam
A.report B.short C.recorder D.worth
Ifeelmyhealth
OceanographyhasbeendefinedasTheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritingsbuthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawasremoteandwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromtheseatherewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutitletalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.ThefirsttimethatthequestionWhatisatthebottomoftheoceanshadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofile起伏形状oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturnedin1853forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840sMauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings测水深weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.LatersomeofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewaslaidbutnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattemptsthecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowthsafactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition考察whichlastedfortouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereportthelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840swas______.
Theyarenotawareofthereasonspeopleareunwillingtodiscussinsurance.
DeepinsideamountainnearSweetwaterinEast.TennesseeisabodyofwaterknownastheLostSea.ItislistedbytheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsastheworld’slargestundergroundlake.TheLostSeaispartofanextensiveandhistoriccavesystemcalledCraigheadCaverns.ThecavernshavebeenknownandusedsincethedaysoftheCherokeeIndiannation.Thecaveexpandsintoaseriesofhugemornsfromasmallopeningonthesideofthemountain.ApproximatelyonemilefromtheentranceinaroomcalledTheCouncilRoommanyIndianartifactshavebeenfound.Someoftheitemsdiscoveredincludepotteryarrowheadsweaponsandjewelry.Formanyyearstherewerepersistentminorsofalargeundergroundlakesomewhereinacavebutitwasnotdiscovereduntil1905.Inthatyearathirteen-year-oldboynamedBenSandscrawledthroughasmallopeningthreehundredfeetunderground.Hefoundhimselfinalargecavehalffilledwithwater.TodaytouristsvisittheLostSeaandridefaroutontoitinglass-bottomedboatspoweredbyelectricmotors.Morethanthirteenacresofwaterhavebeenmappedoutsofarandstillnoendtothelakehasbeenfound.EventhoughteamsofdivershavetriedtoexploretheLostSeathefullextentofitisstillunknown.TheLostSeaisuniquebecauseitis______.
Twentymilesalongwaytocover.
Whentherearesmallchildrenarounditisnecessarytoputbottlesofpillsoutof
A.Wherehaveyonbeen B.Whatdoyoudo C.Aninterestingplace D.apart-timejob E.AndwhatdoyoudoE.beenthereG.ThaisoundsinterestingH.Whichrestaurant Jason:WheredoyouworkAndrea Andrea:IworkforThomasCookTravel. Jason:Ohreally56there Andrea:I’maguide.IlakepeopleontourstocountriesinSouthAmericalikePeru. Jason:57! Andrea:Yesit’sagreatjob.Iloveit.58 Jason:I’mastudentandIhave59too. Andrea:OhWheredoyouwork Jason:Inafast-foodrestaurant Andrea:60 Jason:HamburgerHeaven. 56
determinesagoodmealvariesfromcountrytocountry.
Humanneedsseemendless.Theymightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereisenoughmoneytosatisfyonelevelofneedsanotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfiedthesecondlevelofneedsclothingandsomesortofshelterappears.BytheendofWorldWarIItheseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeareditincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Theninthelate1950safourthlevelofneedsappeared:thelife-enrichinglevel.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfactionthatisthefeedingcomfortsafetyandtransportationthislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognitionachievementandhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices.Amongthemarevacationtripsthebestmedicalanddentalcareandrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsantithelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevelalotofmoneyisspentonserviceswhileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdiseaseignorancecrimeandprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachsourclothesclosetsourgaragesourteethandourmindswenowmayseektoensurethehealthsafetyandleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.Accordingtothepassagemanwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.
OneBritishschoolisfindingthatallowingchildrentolistentomusicoreventohavetheTVonwhilestudyingishelpingimprovegrades.21yourteenagerstartsafamilyquarrelbysittinginanarmchairlisteningtomusicwhiledoinghishomeworkwhynot22asimpleexperimentRatherthantakingtheheavyhanded严厉的lineoforderinghimtohisbedroomtogetonwithit23lethimdothehomeworkthe24hewants.Youmightwellfindthathisessayismoresparkling有文采的than25he’sdonebefore. AccordingtotheresearchofMillfieldprepschoolaround20%ofyoungsters26bestwithbackgroundmusic10%excel突出whenallowedtobreakuptheirworkwithshortwalksaroundtheroomwhileupto80%canconcentrate集中注意力27ifallowedtofiddle用手拨弄withasmallobject. Theresearchhasadvisedtheschooltoadopt采取acomplete28approach措analyzingpupilstodiscoverwhichlearningstyle29thembest—thenlettingthemdotheirworklisteningtomusicor30lyingdown.Doubtfulparentsatfirstregardedthemoveasalayabout’s懒散闲荡的人deedbutmanyarenowapplyingitat31wherechildrenarealsoallowedtodotheirwork32thetelevisionon. "I33toworkonthefloorwithmusiconlow"admitsSusan13aday-girl走读女生."AtfirstmyparentsthoughtIwasskiving逃避butmy34persuadedthemtolookatmyhomeworkandwhentheysawitwasOKthey35/ 23
Itwasacaseofemergency.Thefour-year-oldgirlawokeandsmelledsmoke.Shecouldn’twakehermothersoshedialedzero.AnoperatorimmediatelycalledthefiredepartmentHelpwassentandatragedyavoided.Daysbeforethisemergencythe.motherhadtaughtherchildhowtotelephoneforhelp.Childrenasyoungastwoandone-halfyearsoldcanbetaughttousethephoneinemergencysituations.Herearesomepoints.·Memorizingcertainfactsisimportant.Teachyourchildrentheirnamesandthesectionoftownwhereyonlive.Try.tokeepwhattheylearnwithintheirabilities.Simpleinformationlearnedwellisbetterthandifficultinformationonlypartlylearned.·Besureyourchildrenknowhowtousethetelephone.Theyshouldbetaughttodialzerofortheoperatorattheveryleast.Andtheyshouldbetaughttodial911ifitisusedinyourtown.·Practiceoveraperiodofseveraldays.Over-learningisnecessarysothechildcanactautomaticallyincaseofemergency.·IfyouwouldlikeabookletgivinginstructionsoncallingforhelpwriteTelephoneFurHelpBox99BowlingGreenStationNewYorkNY10004.OnethingthepassagedoesNOTtellyoutodois______.
InBritainpeoplehavedifferentaltitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally21themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice22havethepowerthattheydo. WhatdoesapolicemanactuallydoItisnot23jobtodescribe.Afterallapolicemanhasanumberofjobsinone.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic.either24footinthecentreofatownorinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed.inBritainhemightheintheTrafficPoliceandspendalloralotofhistime25upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmovingstop26motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident. Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe27too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbancewe28thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhavetodealwithsituationatgreatrisktotheirown29. Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimesofcoursesoanordinarypolicemanevenifheisnotadetective侦探willoftenhavetohelp30andarrestcriminals. And31dowecallwhenthereisanemergency—anaircrashafirearoadaccident.orarobberyWecallthepolice.32apolicemanhastobepreparedtofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe33world. Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjobtheydoit34wellandIsupportthembutIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould35dothejobofapoliceman. 26
ThesmallnumberofnewbornbabieswhichhasbeencausedbyhighpricesandthechangingsocialsituationofwomenisoneofthemostseriousproblemsinAsia.WhenpeopletalkaboutityoucanhearawordinventedinJapanDINKSwhichmeansDoubleIncomeNoKids.InmanymajorAsiancitieslikeSeoulSingaporeandTokyothecostofahouseisextremelyhigh.Ayoungcouplewhowanttobuytheirownhousemayhavetopayabout$300000thoughpriceshavefallen.Foraflatwithonebedroomonedining-roomakitchenandabathroomthecouplewillpayabout$900amonthWhat’smore.iftheywanttohaveaChildthechild’seducationisveryexpensive.Forexamplemostkindergartenchargesareatleast$5000ayear.Insuchasituationit’sdifficulttoaffordchildren.Thenumberofmarriedwomenwhowanttocontinueworkingincreasesrapidlybecausetheyenjoytheirjobs.Howeveriftheywanttohavechildrentheyimmediatelyhaveseriousproblems.Thoughmostcompaniesallowwomentoleavetheirjobsforashorttimetohaveababytheyexpectwomenwithbabiestogiveuptheirjobs.Inshortiftheywanttobringupchildrenproperlybothparentshavetoworkbutitishardformotherstowork.Indeedwomenwhowanttocontinueworkinghavetochoosebetweenhavingchildrenorkeepingtheirjobs.InawordAsiangovernmentsmusttakestepstoimprovethepresentsituationassoonaspossible.Whatisthemainproblembeingdiscussedinthepassage
InBritainpeoplehavedifferentaltitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally21themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice22havethepowerthattheydo. WhatdoesapolicemanactuallydoItisnot23jobtodescribe.Afterallapolicemanhasanumberofjobsinone.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic.either24footinthecentreofatownorinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed.inBritainhemightheintheTrafficPoliceandspendalloralotofhistime25upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmovingstop26motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident. Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe27too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbancewe28thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhavetodealwithsituationatgreatrisktotheirown29. Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimesofcoursesoanordinarypolicemanevenifheisnotadetective侦探willoftenhavetohelp30andarrestcriminals. And31dowecallwhenthereisanemergency—anaircrashafirearoadaccident.orarobberyWecallthepolice.32apolicemanhastobepreparedtofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe33world. Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjobtheydoit34wellandIsupportthembutIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould35dothejobofapoliceman. 30
ThesmallnumberofnewbornbabieswhichhasbeencausedbyhighpricesandthechangingsocialsituationofwomenisoneofthemostseriousproblemsinAsia.WhenpeopletalkaboutityoucanhearawordinventedinJapanDINKSwhichmeansDoubleIncomeNoKids.InmanymajorAsiancitieslikeSeoulSingaporeandTokyothecostofahouseisextremelyhigh.Ayoungcouplewhowanttobuytheirownhousemayhavetopayabout$300000thoughpriceshavefallen.Foraflatwithonebedroomonedining-roomakitchenandabathroomthecouplewillpayabout$900amonthWhat’smore.iftheywanttohaveaChildthechild’seducationisveryexpensive.Forexamplemostkindergartenchargesareatleast$5000ayear.Insuchasituationit’sdifficulttoaffordchildren.Thenumberofmarriedwomenwhowanttocontinueworkingincreasesrapidlybecausetheyenjoytheirjobs.Howeveriftheywanttohavechildrentheyimmediatelyhaveseriousproblems.Thoughmostcompaniesallowwomentoleavetheirjobsforashorttimetohaveababytheyexpectwomenwithbabiestogiveuptheirjobs.Inshortiftheywanttobringupchildrenproperlybothparentshavetoworkbutitishardformotherstowork.Indeedwomenwhowanttocontinueworkinghavetochoosebetweenhavingchildrenorkeepingtheirjobs.InawordAsiangovernmentsmusttakestepstoimprovethepresentsituationassoonaspossible.Tobuyaflatandsendachildtokindergartenhowmuchwillacouplepayeachyear
Itwasacaseofemergency.Thefour-year-oldgirlawokeandsmelledsmoke.Shecouldn’twakehermothersoshedialedzero.AnoperatorimmediatelycalledthefiredepartmentHelpwassentandatragedyavoided.Daysbeforethisemergencythe.motherhadtaughtherchildhowtotelephoneforhelp.Childrenasyoungastwoandone-halfyearsoldcanbetaughttousethephoneinemergencysituations.Herearesomepoints.·Memorizingcertainfactsisimportant.Teachyourchildrentheirnamesandthesectionoftownwhereyonlive.Try.tokeepwhattheylearnwithintheirabilities.Simpleinformationlearnedwellisbetterthandifficultinformationonlypartlylearned.·Besureyourchildrenknowhowtousethetelephone.Theyshouldbetaughttodialzerofortheoperatorattheveryleast.Andtheyshouldbetaughttodial911ifitisusedinyourtown.·Practiceoveraperiodofseveraldays.Over-learningisnecessarysothechildcanactautomaticallyincaseofemergency.·IfyouwouldlikeabookletgivinginstructionsoncallingforhelpwriteTelephoneFurHelpBox99BowlingGreenStationNewYorkNY10004.Basedonthispassageover-learningisgoodbecause______.
DeepinsideamountainnearSweetwaterinEast.TennesseeisabodyofwaterknownastheLostSea.ItislistedbytheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsastheworld’slargestundergroundlake.TheLostSeaispartofanextensiveandhistoriccavesystemcalledCraigheadCaverns.ThecavernshavebeenknownandusedsincethedaysoftheCherokeeIndiannation.Thecaveexpandsintoaseriesofhugemornsfromasmallopeningonthesideofthemountain.ApproximatelyonemilefromtheentranceinaroomcalledTheCouncilRoommanyIndianartifactshavebeenfound.Someoftheitemsdiscoveredincludepotteryarrowheadsweaponsandjewelry.Formanyyearstherewerepersistentminorsofalargeundergroundlakesomewhereinacavebutitwasnotdiscovereduntil1905.Inthatyearathirteen-year-oldboynamedBenSandscrawledthroughasmallopeningthreehundredfeetunderground.Hefoundhimselfinalargecavehalffilledwithwater.TodaytouristsvisittheLostSeaandridefaroutontoitinglass-bottomedboatspoweredbyelectricmotors.Morethanthirteenacresofwaterhavebeenmappedoutsofarandstillnoendtothelakehasbeenfound.EventhoughteamsofdivershavetriedtoexploretheLostSeathefullextentofitisstillunknown.WholocatedtheLostSeainrecenttimes
OceanographyhasbeendefinedasTheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea.Beforethenineteenthcenturyscientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritingsbuthewasreluctanttogotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawasremoteandwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromtheseatherewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutitletalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.ThefirsttimethatthequestionWhatisatthebottomoftheoceanshadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineerhadtoknowthedepthprofile起伏形状oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturnedin1853forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840sMauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings测水深weretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.LatersomeofhisfindingsarousedmuchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewaslaidbutnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearlyattemptsthecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecoveredinlivinggrowthsafactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasnolifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition考察whichlastedfortouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereportthelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.TheproposaltolayatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericamadeoceanographicstudiestakeon______.
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