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When most people travel, they spend some time booking hotel rooms. However, my friend Ashley and I...
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高中英语《湖南师大附中2013-2014学年高一上学期期末考试 试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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Whenonholidaystherailwaysputon_______trainstomakep
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Maybemostpeopleliketotravelduringtheirholidays.Som
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would come
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FirstGreatWesternprovidesaconvenientandaccurate
When you start from a station with no ticketing service.
When the tickets are all sold out in the booking office.
When you travel in a group of ten or more people.
When you travel on a train with sufficient seats.
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Peoplevisitothercountriesfor61.________varietyreas
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Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchis_______thesleepiness.Orinsummertheymaythinkitistheheat.Howevertherealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime–abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup–yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworldpeopletakenaps小睡inthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimateswheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.ResearchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimatE.A.dailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.IncountrieswherenapsaretraditionalpeopleoftensufferlessfromproblemsuchasheartdiseasE.Manyworkingpeopleunfortunatelyhavenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnapsemployersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechancehoweverhereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.A.shortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterwarD.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtimetryashortnap–eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?nomorethan6words_____________________________________________________________________57.FillintheblankinParagraph1withproperwords.nomorethan4words_____________________________________________________________________58.Completethefollowingstatementwithproperwordsfromparagraph2.nomorethan4wordsPeoplewouldbeinbetterconditionif_______intheircountries.59.Whatisthebesttimetotakeanap?nomorethan6words_____________________________________________________________________60.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordThisparagraph3probablyreferto?nomorethan6words_____________________________________________________________________
Haveyoueverwondered:Whatdrivessuccessfulpeople?Takealookaroundandtalktoyourfriendsandseniorswhoareverysuccessfulyouwillseeallofthemhaveadoptedcertainvalueswhichhaveprovedvitalfortheirsuccess.Itisevidentthatsuccessfulpeopletakeinitiative主动性.Whentheyfindsomethingneedstobedonetheyjustdoitinsteadofwaiting.Theybelievethatresponsibilityistakennotgiven.Theyweighimmediatelywhathastobedoneandthendoitwithpleasurethusstrengtheningtheirreputation.Successfulpeopleareenthusiasticaboutthethingstheydoespeciallywhentheybelieveinwhattheyaredoing.Theyaremotivatedbytheirownsatisfactionandthejoytheygetfromdoingtheirwork.Theyworkhardevenwhennooneiswatchingandtheythrowthemselvesintotheirwork.TheydonotfearfailurE.FailuresanddisappointmentsinlifeareunavoidablE.Itisfailurethatteachesusmuchmorethansuccess.SuccessfulpeoplepickthemselvesupafterafallandtryagainwithmoredeterminationandcommitmentandlearnfromeachfailurE.Theyassociatewiththosetheycanlearnfromandenjoythecompanyofthosewhoappreciatetheirachievement.HavinggoodIQoftengetsapersonwhathewantsbutit’sreallytheEQthatkeepshimthereandhelpshimenjoyahighreputation.Successfulpeoplearepolitetoeveryoneandtreatotherswithrespect.Bygivingrespecttootherstheycommandrespectforthemselves.Anotherimportantqualityofsuccessfulpersonsisthattheynevercomplain.It’sbettertopraiseothersandwinfavorwiththem.Soinsteadofcomplainingaboutasituationsuccessfulpeoplealwaystrytosolveit.Toputitshortlytakeinitiativeandbeenthusiasticaboutthem.Donotbeafraidtofailbutgetupandstartagain.Whenyoudososuccesswillbejustaroundthecorner.Title:WhatMakesPeopleSuccessful?BriefintroductionSuccessfulpeopleallhaveadoptedcertainvalueswhichare71fortheirsuccess.72ofsuccessfulpeopleTakinginitiative·Theytakeimmediateactionwithouthesitation.·Theytakeresponsibilityforwhathastobedoneanddoit73.Beingself-motivated·They’reenthusiasticaboutthethingstheydowitha74inwhattheyaredoing.·Theydevotethemselvestotheirwork.75fromfailure·TheygetupandstartagainafterafailurE.·Theykeepcompanyofthose76theirachievement.Givingrespecttoothers·Theyarepolitetoeveryoneandtreatothersrespectfully.·Theyearnrespectin77bygivingrespecttoothers.Makingno78·Theypraiseothersandwinfavorwiththem.·Theyalwaystrytofindanypossible79tothedifficultsituation.SummaryWhenyoucancombinetheaboveintoyouractionplanyou’llhave80tosuccesssoon.
Isthereasuccesspersonality---somewinningcombinationofqualitiesthatleadalmostinevitably不可避免的toachievement?Ifsoexactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula公式andcananyonedevelopit?AttheGallopOrganizationwerecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccessinquiringintotheattitudesof1500distinguishedpeopleselectedatrandomfromWhoisWhoinAmericA.Ourresearchfindsoutanumberofqualitiesthatoccurregularlyamongtopachievers.HereisoneofthemostimportantthatiscommonsensE.CommonsenseisthemostwidelypossessedqualityofthepeoplesurveyeD.79%awardthemselvesatopscoreinthisquality.And61%saythatcommonsenseisveryimportantincontributingtotheirsuccess.Tomostcommonsensemeanstheabilitytopresentsoundpracticaljudgmentondailyaffairs.Todothisonehastoremoveextraideasandgetrighttothekeypointsofwhatmatters.A.Texasoilandgasbusinessmanputsitthisway:Thekeyabilityforsuccessissimplifying.Inconductionofmeetinganddealingwithindustryreducingacomplexproblemtothesimplesttermishighlyimportant.Iscommonsenseaqualityapersonisbornwithorcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman’sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybedevelopeD.Heoweshistolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwaytoincreaseyourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinotherslearningfromtheirandyourownmistakes.Besidescommonsensetherearemanyotherfactorsthatinfluencesuccess:knowingyourfieldself-relianceintelligencetheabilitytogetthingsdoneleadershipcreativityrelationshipwithothersandofcourseluck.Butcommonsensestandsout.Ifyoudevelopthesequalitiesyou’llsucceeD.AnyyoumightevenfindyourselflistedWhoisWhosomeday.71_________________________FindingoftheresearchTopachievershavesomecommon72____oneofwhichiscommonsensE.Commentsoncommonsense79%ofthepeoplesurveyedsharestrongcommonsensE.61%saytheir73_____liesinsuchaqualityUnderstandingofcommonsenseTomostitmeansoneisableto74______dailyaffairssoundlyandpracticallyby75_____onwhatreallymatters.76____togetcommonsense77_____itthroughactivitieslikelearninghowtodebateinschoolIncreasingitthrough78____byobservingothers.79_______leadingtosuccessKnowingyourfieldself-relianceintelligencetheabilitytogetthingsdoneleadershipcreativity80_____andluck.
AstheUSwakesuptoChina'srisingstatus地位asaneconomicandstrategiccompetitorUSparentsareurgingtheirchildrentolearnChinesereportsJulianBorger.TheUSisbeingsweptbyarushtolearnMandarin普通—fromwealthyNewYorkmothershiringChinesenannies保姆fortheirsmallchildrentoadefencedepartmenteducationprojectinOregon.TheforcesdrivingMandarin'smomentum势头areparentalambitionforchildrenfacingafutureinwhichChinaisalmostcertaintobeamajorplayerandthegovernmentisworriedaboutthatAmericamaygetleftbehindinthatnewworlD.Thebottleneckisthesupplyofteachers.Mandarininstructorsaredifficulttoimportanddifficulttotrain.TherearevisaproblemsinbringingoverteachersfromChinabutthebiggestbarrieriscultural.TeachinginAsiaisgenerallydonebyroteandthechangetowesterninteractivestylesofinstructioncanbealargeleap跳越.OntheotherhanditrequiresenormousfirmnessforwesternerstolearnalanguagelikeChinesewithitsthousandsofwrittencharacters.AccordingtotheAsiaSocietyinNewYorkallofAmerica'steachertraininginstitutionsturnoutonlyacoupleofdozenhomegrownMandarinteachers.OnewaytoeasetheshortageistofindnativeMandarinspeakersandusefasttrackmethodstotrainthem.HoweverthemajorityofChineseAmericansgrewupspeakingCantonesethedialect方言spokeninHongKongwheretheirparentscamefrom.ManyarethemselvessigningonasMandarinstudentsattheprivatelanguageschoolsspringinguponthewestcoast.
[1]Oops!Inyourrushtogettoschoolyoudropapieceoftoastonthefloor.Doyouthrowitawayordecideit’sstillOKtoeat?Ifyou’relikemostpeopleyoueatit.Maybeyoufollowthe5-secondrulewhichclaimsfoodsaresafetoeatifyoupickthemupwithin5secondsofdroppingthem.Butyoumightwanttothinkagain.Scientistsnowsaythat5secondsareallittakesforfoodstobecomecontaminated感染withenoughbacteriatomakeyousick.[2]Bacteriacancausemanykindsofillnesses.SomekindsofbacteriacangrowonfooD.Ifweeatfoodsonwhichthesebacteriaaregrowingwecanbecomesick.Oneofthesefood-bornebacteriaisSalmonellA.Itmakes1.4millionpeoplesickeveryyear.Earlierthisyear370peoplebecamesickaftereatingpeanutbutterthathadbeencontaminatedwithSalmonellaatthemanufacturingfactory.Salmonellaareoftenfoundinraweggsandchicken.Cookingkillsthesebacteriawhichiswhyitissoimportanttocookeggschickenandotherfoodscarefully.[3]Beingagoodhousekeeperisanothergoodwaytopreventinfection.Ifhouseholdsurfacesaren’twashedthoroughlytheycansupportSalmonellaforweeks.A.teamofscientistsatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolinahavetestedthe5-secondruleusingsandwichingredients.FirsttheyplacedaknownamountofSalmonellacellsonthreesurfaces:woodtileandcarpet.Theythenplacedasliceofbreadandasliceofbologna博洛尼亚大红肠oneachsurfacefor530or60seconds.Afterjust5secondsboththebreadandbolognapickedupenoughbacteriatomakeyousick.[4]Soforgetthe5-secondrulE.Ifyourtoastlandsonthefloorthrowitaway.Stickafreshsliceofbreadinthetoaster.Andthistimebecarefulnottodropit!76.Whatisthe5-secondrulementionedinthefirstparagraph?nomorethan18words——————————————————————————————————77.Whyisitimportantforustocookfoodcarefully?nomorethan5words——————————————————————————————————78.Whatadviceisgiventopreventinfectioninthelastbutoneparagraph?nomorethan10words——————————————————————————————————79.WhydidthescientistsatClemsonUniversitycarryoutthattest?nomorethan15words.——————————————————————————————————80.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe5-secondrule?oneword——————————————————————————————————
Adebateisadiscussionaboutasubjectonwhichpeoplehavedifferentviews.It'sanicewayofgainingalotofknowledgeandviewsonatopicorsituationthatwearen'teitherawareoforhaven'treallylookedintoindetail.Itmakesyoumoreabletothinkcriticallyandmoreconfidentinspeaking.Inadditionithelpsinappreciatingtoleranceofothers'opinionandimprovesyourlisteningskills.Adebaterequiresonetoknowhowtousewordsandintelligencetoovercomehisorheropposingteammembers.Togivegreatargumentsduringadebatefirstyouneedtogetyourfactsright.Tomakewhatyouhaveinmaterialforadebatecontainfactsdon'tjustdependontheInternetespeciallyavoidjustreferringtoonewebsiteforallyourinformation.Youarealsorequiredtorefertobooksandmakesurethey'reauthorsofahighdegreesincetheirmaterialshavereferencenotesandextensiveresearchprojectsdoneonwhattheyarecovering.SecondyoushouldbefullofconfidencE.Youneedtoshowthatyou'resureofwhatyou'resayingandpointouthowflawedtheircomebackargumentswerE.Theonlywaytodothisistothoroughlyknowyourmaterialbeforeheadingonouttoadebatesession.Knowyourstatisticsknowyourhistoryandaboveallknownamesdatesandplaces.Makekeynotestoreferto.Don'tstammer口吃andalsodon'tlevelyourgazewithyouropponentortherestofthem.Allthiswillhelpyoukeepconfident.Atlastbynomeansshouldyouloseyourcalmnessbutkeepyourvoicefirmandraisedenoughtosoundcalm.Agoodteammembershouldknowhowtokeephisemotionsincontrolaswellaskeepothersundercontrolinhis/herteam.
IfMickeyMouseisawesternerwhohascapturedtheworldHelloKittyistheworld’ssweetheartfromAsiA.Withitstwoinnocentblackeyesandthecuteribbon色带onitsearthiswhite-facedkitten小猫hascaptivated迷住theheartsofwomenofallagessince1974.HelloKittycanbefoundonmorethan50thousanddifferentitemssuchastoysschoolsuppliesmake-upsandevenneckties.Tocelebratethecharacter’s40thbirthdayanexhibitioncalledInsideKittyisunderwayattheSeongnamArtsCenterinYatab-dong.Youngwomenfromallovertheworldlovewiththecharacter.Peopledidn’tshowinterestinKittyatfirsteveninJapan.Onlysince198511yearsafteritwasbornhasitstartedtogainitspopularityYukoYamaguchioneofthedesignersofthecharactertoldthepress.HelloKittywasonlyforkidsthen.Butin1987IgotaletterfromahighschoolstudentwhosaidthatherfriendsteasedherbecauseshehadaHelloKittyproduct.SheaskedthecompanytomakesomethingthatdidnotlookstrangeforhertocarryarounD.Sincethenwe’vetriedtocomeupwiththingsthatallagescanenjoyYamaguchisaiD.ThecharacterhastocommunicatewithpeoplE.ItshouldchangeovertimeandalwaysstayfashionableYamaguchisaiD.TheexhibitionInsideKittystartsbymakingpeopleviewthecharacter.KittyfanswillbedelightedtoseeallHelloKittyitemsfromthroughoutthepast40yearsondisplay.HelloKittywill71its40thbirthday72Twoinnocent73acuteribbononitsearandawhitefacE.RelatedproductsAbout50thousandsitems74toysschoolsuppliesandmake-ups.75lItcameintobeingin76.lIthasbeen77sinceits78.lIn1987itwasdesignedtoappealtoallagesinsteadofonlytokids.ArrangementsforthecelebrationAnexhibition79InsideKittyisbeingheldwhereHelloKittyitemsfromthroughoutthepast40yearswillbeon80.
[1]Haveyoueverhadthewishtoliveanother100yearsormore?Expertssaythatscientificadvanceswillsomedayenableustolivetensofyearslongerthanwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan.[2]IguessweareknockingatthedooroflivinglongersaidMichaelZeyaMontclairStateUniversitybusinessprofessorandauthoroftwobooksonthefuturE.Ithinkby2075wewill____________andthat’saconservativeestimate保守的估计.[3]AttheconferenceinSanFranciscoDonaldLourisaprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology纳米技术makeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.Thereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefrom120to180yearshesaiD.[4]Howevermanyscientistswhospecializeinagingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolivepastabout120years.Evenwithhealthierlifestylesandlessdiseasetheysayfailureofthebrainandorganswillfinallyleadallhumanstodeath.[5]ScientistsalsodifferonwhatkindoflifethesuperagedmightlivE.Itremainstobeseenifyoupass120youknow;couldyoubehealthyenoughtohaveagoodqualityoflife?saidLeonardPoondirectoroftheUniversityofGeorgiaGerontologyCentrE.Atpresentpeoplewhocouldgettothatpointarenotingoodhealthatall.66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?nomorethan10words67.Pleasefillintheblanksinthesecondparagraphwithproperwords.nomorethan5words68.AccordingtoDonaldLouriswhatwillenablehumanstolivelonger?nomorethan8words69.WhatdoestheworditLine1Paragraph4probablyreferto?nomorethan10words70.WhatdidLeonardPoonworryabout?nomorethan15words
Criticism批评iseverywhereinlifE.Itisuptoyoutodecidehowtoreacttoit.LearnhowtodealwithcriticismandleadahappierandmorerelaxinglifE.Askyourselfhowthecriticismwillaffectyou.Willyouloseyourjobbecauseofthecriticism?Willyoulosewhatisimportanttoyoubecauseyouarecriticized?Willlifestopexistingifyouropinionsarenotaccepted?Surelynot!Sodon’tworryaboutit.Insteadrememberthatsomecriticismactuallyhelpsyoumakesomeimprovements.Youabsolutelycannotstopwhatpeoplesay.Whatyoucandohoweveristochangethewayyoureacttocriticism.Ifyouletitupsetyouthentheblameisonyou.YouhavetherighttodecidewhattodowiththecriticismyoureceivE.Don’tbeafraidtoacceptcriticism.Noonelikestobetoldthatheiswrong.Yeteverysinglepersonhasatonetimeoranotherbeenblamedforsomething.Realizethatit’snormal.Youmayhavereceivedsomestrongcriticismbutitdoesn’tmeanthatyouarefoolishorthatyoudon’thavetheabilitytodosomethingproperly.Ifyouareafraidtoputyourworkoutforotherstoseeyou’llneverknowifyouareacapableperson.Trynottothinkofitinthatwayanddon’ttakeitseriously.Ifyoucanlearntobeoptimisticyouwillremovesomestressandnervousnessaboutwhatpeoplethinkthusbecominghappier.Considerwherethecriticismcomesfrom.Itmayhelpyoustepbackandexaminewhatcausesthecriticism.Isthecriticjusttryingtoofferconstructivecriticism?Itismucheasiertoacceptcorrectionorguidancefromsomeonethathasgoodintentions.Thistypeofcriticismisknownasvalidcriticismbecausethereisavalidpointorreasontoit.OntheotherhandtherearecriticsthatoffertheiradvicejusttobenegativE.Thisiscommonlyreferredtoasinvalidcriticismbecauseitisoftennotofanyuseatall.Doyourbest.Andifsomeonedoesn’tlikewhatyou’vedonesowhat?It’seithervalidcriticismorinvalidcriticism.Butyouhavethepowertodecidehowyouwillallowittoaffectyou.Title:HowtoDealwithCriticismTheauthor’sopinionaboutcriticismCriticismisan1partoflifeanditisuptoyoutodecideyourreactiontoit.Waysofdealingwithcriticism·Understandthe2thatcriticismhasonyou:A.Somecriticismwon’tmakeadifferencetoyousodon’tfeel3aboutit.B.Somecriticismcanhelpyou4.·Changethewayyourespondtocriticismandtrynottobe5aboutit.·Acceptcriticism6:Receivingcriticismdoesn’tmeanyouarestupidorthatyouare7todothings.·Beoptimisticaboutcriticismandyouwillbecomelessstressedor8.·Thinkaboutthe9forcriticism:Itmaybevalidcriticismorinvalidcriticism.10Takecriticismasitisandrememberyoudecidehowyourespondtoit.
QuietVirtueTheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness认真尽责—beingpunctualcarefulindoingworkselfdisciplinedandscrupulous一丝不苟的inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizenthepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshoulD.Theyfollowtheruleshelpoutandareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsencewhogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaveswhoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadlinE.ConscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfielD.Instudiesofjobperformanceoutstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobsfromsemiskilledlabortosalesandmanagementdependsonconscientiousness.ItisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganizationthesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfectthedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontimE.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturerthosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer缓冲againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'sconstantlychangingmarketbecauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalueD.Forthesalesrepresentativestheirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.ThereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyarE.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers'evaluationsoftheirworkgivingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselvestheycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandardsandsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon'tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientiousforexampletendedtocriticizecoworkersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticizedwhichdamagedtheirrelationships.Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectationsitcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertisingopennesstowildideasandspontaneity自发性arescarceandindemanD.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalancehoweverwithoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthroughpeoplebecomemeredreamerswithnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.
Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality个性.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.AtthebeginningtherewasnoexacttechniqueornofoundationfromwhichtobuilD.Inlateryearstrialerrorandgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.EventuallyinnovatorsevenlearnedfromballetbutfirsttheyhadtoabandonallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovereD.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncanbutshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudiencesandsawitaccepteD.HersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonaturE.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswaying摇摆ofthetreeandtherollingwavesoftheseaandshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.FirstshebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindancE.BeforeDuncandancedballetwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasizedwithvirtuosity精湛技巧shownbycomplicatedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancecamefromherheartandsoul.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.Hersecondcontributionliesindancecostumes.Shegaveupcorsets紧身衣balletshoesandstillcostumes.Thesewerereplacedwithlongloosedressesbarefeetandunboundhair.ShebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreelyandherdressdisplayedthisideA.Herthirdcontribution____________.InherperformancesheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmastersincludingBeethovenandWagnerwhichwasnottheusualcustom.Shewasasexcitingandeccentric古怪的inherpersonallifeasinherdancE.73.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?Pleaseanswerwithin8words__________________________________________________________________________74.PleasefillintheblankinthefifthparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentencE.Pleaseanswerwithin8words__________________________________________________________________________75.Accordingtothepassagewhatdoesthefollowingparagraphmostprobablydiscuss?Pleaseanswerwithin8words__________________________________________________________________________76.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinesE.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ManhattanistheheartofNewYorkCity.Itisreallyanislandwhichisonly13mileslongand2mileswidE.Seenfromtheairitlooklikealongfinger.FromtheseaitisjustlikeapictureweoftenseE.Manhattanhassomewonderfulsights.Whatistheeasiestwaytoseethem?FirstgetamapofNewYorkCitywhichisoftensuppliedfreeatgasstationsandtouristsoffices.Youcantakeabustourbutabetterwaytoseethesightsistowalkandyou’llwalkwithyourheadthrownbacksothatyoucanlookatthetallbuildingsrisinglikesteepcliff悬崖on__________ofthestreets.ItisnoteasytogetlostherE.ThestreetsofNewYorkfromsquarescalledblocks.Nearlyallthestreetsareinthestraightlinesrunningfromeasttowest.Thosefromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.Mostoftheavenuesandstreetshaveonlynumbers.ThefamousfifthAvenueisthedividinglinebetweentheeastandwestinManhattan.Hereyou’llseetheEmpireStateBuilding.Onthe102ndfloorover1400feetabovethegrounditispossibleforyoutoseetheareainwhichoneintenofallthepeopleinAmericalive.YoucanalsolookdownattheotherhugeskyscraperstheUnitedNations’buildingstheStatueofLiberty自由女神像intheharborBroadway---thelongeststreetintheworldbutnotthestraightestandthegreatestshipsintheworld’sbiggestport.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?Pleaseanswerwithin10words._________________________________________________________________________2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?AstreetknownastheFifthAvenuedividesManhattanintotwoparts---theeastandthewest._________________________________________________________________________3.PleasefillintheblankinthesecondparagraphwithproperwordsandphrasestocompletethesentencE.Pleaseanswerwithin10words_________________________________________________________________________4.WhichisthebetterwaytoseethesightsinManhattan---totakeabusortowalk?Why?_________________________________________________________________________5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinesE._________________________________________________________________________
MoreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibilityCSR.CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompaniesshareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduseandemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSRwhichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980swithenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspillindustryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.Socompaniesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisationsNGOsandtogovernmentscreatecodesofconduct行为准则anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency透明intheiroperations.Increasinglytoo.theyalongwiththeircompetitorssetcommonrulestospreadrisks.AllthisislargelydefensivebuttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegamE.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevaluE.IfapproachedinastrategicwayCSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompetitiveadvantagE.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaofdoingwellbydoinggoodhasbecomepopular.Neverthelessthebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?ShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitors?Isthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy?Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.DonebadlyCSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewellthoughitisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoonthesideacornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue美德itisjustgoodbusiness.Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS78.Both_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimplydonatemoneytocharities.79.GiveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementaccordingtothepassagE.80.WiththeemphasisonopportunitythethirdlayerofCSRismeantto_________.81.Accordingtothepassagegoodbusinessparagraph6meansthatcorporations________whilemakingprofits.
ForyearsresearchershavelookedintoapossiblerelationshipbetweenheatandviolencE.ThereareconflictingresultsoverwhetherthereisanactualconnectionbetweenrisingangerandrisingtemperaturebutthemurderrateconstantlyincreasesduringthemonthsofJulyandAugustaccordingtotheFBI'sannualcrimereport.Manypolicechiefssaytheyputmorepolicemenonthestreetswhentheheatrises.CallsforservicealwaysincreasefromMayJuneJulytoAugustsaidNewBedford'sCaptainRichardSpiriet.Thelongerperiodoftimeyouhavetheheattheworseitis.It'sjusttheoppositeinthewintertimE.CraigAndersonaprofessorandspecialistinsocialpsychologyatIowaStateUniversityarguestheevidenceisclear.AsthetemperaturegoesuppeoplebecomemoreuncomfortablE.TheybecomeeasiertogetangryhesaiD.Thatincreasesthepossibilitythatasmallconflictwillbeinterpretedasmoremajor.AndersonconductedacoupleofstudieslookingatcrimeratesoverthecourseofseveralyearswithinthesameareatoseewhenmostviolentcrimesoccurreD.Hefoundthatviolentcrimesweremorelikelytooccuronhotdaysandhotmonths—evenhotyearshadhigherviolentratesthancoldyearsaccordingtohisresearch.OtherresearchesshowitisnotsomuchthephysicalclimatebutratherthesocialclimatethatcausesincreasedviolencE.Duringthesummermonthspeoplestayuplater.Theytalkwiththeirneighbours.TheypartywiththeirfriendssaidJackLevindirectoroftheBrudnickCentreonViolenceandConflictatNortheasternUniversity.ItismorelikelytobelargenumbersofpeopleinteractingandtheyaremorelikelytoarguE.PerhapstherealizationthatthereisalinkwillhelpspurpeopleinanargumentstepbackandsayLet'scooloff.—bothliterally字面上地andfiguratively比喻地.TitleHeatandviolenceThemeViolencepossiblyhasa76.________withheat.Facts☆JulyandAugustwitnessthe77.________increaseofmurderratE.☆Morepolicemenarecalledinwiththeheat78.________.☆Peoplegetangrymore79.________asthetemperaturegoesup.80.________oftheresearch☆Fewerviolentcrimesoccuron81.________days.☆The82.________climatecausesincreasedviolencE.☆Peopleusuallygoto83.________laterduringthesummermonths.☆Itismorelikelytobe84.________whenpeoplechatwitheachother.Conclusion85.________thelinkwillhelppeopleinanargumentcooloff.
AdayoutinLondondoesn’thavetocostalotofmoney.ThereareplentyoffreeLondonattractionstoseeandvisitcheapeatsandhotelstostayin.Followourguidetoanaffordable不太昂贵的Londondayoutthat’sfunforyouandeasyonyourwallet!Londonisfullofworld-classmuseumsandgalleriesthatyoucanvisitforfreE.SpendyourmorningattheNationalGallerywhereyou’llseepaintingsbythemastersincludingLeonardodaVinciPicassoMonetandVanGogh.Youcanevenjoinafree60-minuteguidedtourofthecollectioneverydayat11:30amand2:30pm.AftervisitingtheNationalGallerytrythesmallbutperfectlyformedWallaceCollection.TheWallaceCollectionincludesportraitsporcelainandpikestaffs枪支.EntryisfreE.Whetheryou’vespentyourmorningattheNationalGalleryorWallaceCollectionit’saneasywalktubeorbusridetotheCarnabyareaforlunch.OnandaroundtheCarnabyStreetyou’llfindcheapchainrestaurantssuchasMasalaZoneIndianLeonsaladsandsandwichesChaChaMoonChineseandmorE.Onceyou’vesatisfiedyourhungeryoucanhavearelaxingafternooninHydePark.Hereyoucanwalkatleisuresitandreadorsimplywatchtheworldgoby.IfyouwanttobuysomethingyoucancheckoutoneofLondon’spopularmarketssuchasPortobelloRoadCamdenorSpitalfields.Ifyou’reeagertodosomecheapsightseeingLondonBusRoute4isagoodonetocatch.ThebusgoespastWaterlootheHousesofParliamentFleetStreetStPaul’sCathedraltheBarbicanandthroughIslington.FordinnerreturntoLeicesterSquareinCentralLondon.AvoidtheexpensivebarsandrestaurantsrightonthesquareandcheckoutChinatownwhichhaslotsofcheaprestaurants.Serviceisgenerallyfastleavingyouplentyoftimetolineupfortheatreticketswhicharereturnsandunsoldticketsforthatevening’sperformancE.Pickashowyouwanttoseeandlineupatthetheatrebutbepreparedtoracearoundforyoursecondorthirdchoice!Finallythosewhowantalate-nightculturefixcancheckoutoneofthefreeMuseumsandGalleries.Title:A.DayOutinLondonTime1Inthemorning·Enjoythemasters’2attheNationalGallery.·Joina60-minuteguidedtourofthecollectionfor3.4·GototheCarnabyareaon5bytubeorbus.·6yourhungerincheapchainrestaurantsonandaroundtheCarnabyStreet.Intheafternoon·7inHydePark.·WalksitandreadorsimplywatchtheworldgobytherE.·TakeLondonBusRoute4todosomecheap8.Intheevening·Findacheap9inChinatownofCentralLondonfordinner.·Lineupfortheatreticketstoseea10.Atlatenight·CheckoutoneofthefreeMuseumsandGalleries.
Doyoufinditdifficulttolearnaforeignlanguagesuccessfully?Herearesometipstohelpyouout:1.Spendthetime!ByfarthemostimportantfactorishowmuchtimeyouareabsorbedinthelanguagE.Themoretimeyouspendwiththelanguagethefasteryouwilllearn.Thismeanslisteningreadingwritingspeakingandstudyingwordsandphrases.Thisdoesnotmeansittinginclasslookingoutthewindownorlisteningtootherstudentswhodonotspeakwellnorgettingexplanationsinyourownlanguageabouthowthelanguageworks.Thismeansspendingtimeenjoyablyconnectedtothelanguageyouarelearning!2.Listenandreadeveryday!ListennomatterwhereyouareonyourMP3player.Readwhatyouarelisteningto.ListentoandreadthingsthatyoulikethingsthatyoucanmostlyunderstandorevenpartlyunderstanD.IfyoukeeplisteningandreadingyouwillgetusedtothelanguagE.OnehouroflisteningorreadingismoreeffectivethanmanyhoursofclasstimE.3.Focusonwordsandphrases!Buildupyourvocabulary—youwillneedlots.Starttonoticewordsandhowtheycometogetherasphrases.Learnthesewordsandphrasesthroughyourlisteningandreading.Readonlineusingonlinedictionariesandmakeyourownvocabularylistsforreview.SoonyouwillrunintoyournewwordsandphraseselsewherE.Graduallyyouwillbeabletousethem.Donotworryabouthowcorrectlyyouspeakuntilyouhaveaccumulatedplentyofwordsthroughlisteningandreading.4.Takeresponsibilityforyourownlearning!Ifyoudonotwanttolearnthelanguageyouwon’t.Ifyoudowanttolearnthelanguagetakecontrol.ChoosecontentthatyouwanttolistentoandreaD.Seekoutthewordsandphrasesthatyouneedtounderstandyourlisteningandreading.Donotwaitforsomeoneelsetoshowyouthelanguagenortotellyouwhattodo.Discoverthelanguagebyyourselflikeachildgrowingup.Talkwhenyoufeellikeit.Writewhenyoufeellikeit.A.teachercannotteachyoutobecomefluentbutyoucanlearntobecomefluentifyouwantto.5.Relaxandenjoyyourself!Donotworryaboutwhatyoucan’trememberorcan’tyetunderstandorcan’tyetsay.Itdoesnotmatter.Youarelearningandimproving.Thelanguagewillgraduallybecomeclearerinyourbrain.Sositbackandenjoy.JustmakesureyouspendenoughtimewiththelanguagE.TitleHowtolearnaforeignlanguage:5keystoyour76▲inlearningitKeysContentsSpendthetime!※Themore77▲youspendwiththelanguagethefasteryouwilllearn.Thismeanslisteningreadingwritingspeakingandstudying78▲.Listenandreadeveryday!※Listen79▲youareonyourMP3player.Listentoandread80▲youlikethingsthatyoucanmostlyunderstandorevenpartlyunderstanD.Focusonwordsandphrases!※Buildupyourvocabulary.Don’tbeworriedaboutmaking81▲whenyouspeak.Takeresponsibilityforyourownlearning!※Ifyoudowanttolearnthelanguagetakecontrol.Discoverthe82▲byyourselflikeachildgrowingup.Be83▲andenjoyyourself!※What84▲isthatyouarelearningandimprovingandthelanguagewill85▲becomeclearerinyourbrain.
WriteNOMORETHAN3WORDSforeachanswerTheUnitedNationsestimatesthatworldfoodproductionwillhavetoincreaseby70%by2050.A.worldpopulationgrowinginnumberandwealthwillrequireonebilliontonsmoregraineachyearandtwohundredmilliontonsmoremeat.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaysthosegainswillhavetohappenlargelyonexistinglanD.Howeveraccordingtoanewreportwhichprovidesthefirstglobalassessmentofthestateoftheplanet'slandresourceslargepartsofallcontinentsareexperiencingdamagE.One-fourthofalllandisdescribedashighlydegraded退化.Thegreatestthreatsarelossesofsoilqualitybiodiversityandwaterresources.Thereforeproductionrateshavebeenslowinginmanyareas.Thoughnewagriculturalmethodsandtechnologyareusedtoincreasefoodproductioninmanycountriesyettheyhavealsoharmedthelandandwater.Thusitcallsforgreateruseofwaysthatcanexpandproductionwhileavoidingdamagetoecosystems.Onesuchpracticemightbetheuseoffertilizertrees.Thesearefast-growingtreesandshrubs矮树丛whoseleavesandrootshelpmakesoilricher.OluyedeAjayitheleaderauthorofthestudysaidBasicallythesearetreesthatcanfixnitrogen氮fromtheatmosphereandchangethemintonitrates硝酸盐forfertilizerfororganicfertilizerforthesoil.Thefarmerswhoplantedfertilizertreesreporteddoublethecornproductionofotherfarmers.InZambiathefertilizedfieldsprovidedupto114additionaldaysoffooD.Farmerssaytheyneedlessrainwateriftheyusefertilizertrees.Thetreesreducewaterrunoffandsoilerosion.A.recentstudyfoundthatabout400000farmersinsouthernAfricaareusingthem.Thefarmersthemselvesdesignedandmanagedpartofthetestinginthefieldandspreadthewordoftheirsuccesses.FertilizertreescanbeusedtoincreasefoodproductionProblems●Worldpopulationgrowth71theincreaseofworldfoodproduction●Largepartsofgloballand72bylossesofsoilqualityandwaterresourcesslowingproductionrates●Newagriculturaltechnologyis73tolandandwater74Growingfertilizertreestoexpandfoodproductionwithout75.76offertilizertrees●Havingleavesandroots77soil●78intonitratesforthesoil●79andlossofsoilGoodresultFarmersusingfertilizertreescanproduce80asmuchcornasotherfarmers.
Doyoulovetraveling?Iftheanswerisyesthenhaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhy?Youmaymaintainthattravelingcanhelpyouexpandyourscopeofknowledgeespeciallygeographicalandhistoricallearning.ItwillprovidemorechancesforyoutoenjoyfoodandtryonclothesthatyouotherwisecannotpossiblehavE.A.famousEnglishauthorFrancisBacon1561-1626makesapointwhenhesaysthatTravelintheyoungersortisapartofeducation;intheelderapartofexperiencE.EvidenceofleisuretravelcanbetracedasfarbackasancientBabylon.ThisyearaccordingtotheWorldTravel&TourismCouncilthe1billionthtouristwillcrossaninternationalboundarybeforetheendofthismonth.Thatmeansthatoneinsevenpeopleontheplanettraveledthisyearsomethingthatwouldnothavebeenpossibleafewdecadesago.Around20yearsagoonlytherichcouldtravel.WhiletheUSandFranceremainthetwolargestdestinationsforworldtravelexpertssaymuchoftheexplosivegrowthintourismhasbeentocountrieslikeGuatemalatheDominicanRepublicandtheIvoryCoastwhichweren’tevenontheworldtourismmapadecadeago.ThetopfivedestinationsintheworldaccordingtotheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganizationareParisLondonNewYorktheMediterraneanTurkey.Severalfactorshaveledtotheboominworldtravel.Theprosperity富裕ofpeopleinAsiaisonefactor.PeopleinAsiandevelopingcountrieshaveliftedtheirincomesabovemiddle-classlevelsinthepastfewyears.Andalotofthemhaveusedtheirnewwealthtotravel.Inadditiontravelcostshavebeenreducedthankstotherapiddevelopmentoftransportationandcompetitionbetweenairlinestogivecustomersthebestprices.TopicTravellingAdvantages●Enrichknowledgeespeciallyin71andhistory.●Tastedifferent72andbuydifferentclothes.●FrancisBaconthinksthattravelisapartofeducationandapartofexperiencE.Development●73fromancientBabylontravelonlyreallytookoffafterWorldWarII.●Onlythewealthypeoplecouldgoonatripabouttwo74ago.●Thenumberofpeopletravellingabroadwill75asmanyas1billionbeforetheendofthismonth.Tourist76●TheUSandFranceremainthetwomostpopularcountriesforworldtravel.●Tourismhasdeveloped77incountrieslikeGuatemalatheDominicanRepublicandtheIvoryCoast.●ThetopfivedestinationsintheworldareParisLondonNewYorktheMediterraneanandTurkey.Factors78inthepopularityofglobaltourism●Asianpeoplehaveget79thanbeforE.●Peoplehave80lessmoneyontravelbecauseofconvenienttransportationandpricecompetitionbetweenairlines.
Scienceexiststoimproveourlives.Butsometimessciencecanruinourpleasures.ThesefourlittletruthsarejustsomeofthosE.Sleepingwithpetsisagoodwaytocatchtheplague鼠疫orsomeotherbacterialinfectionsasisclaimedinthestudydoneinFebruary2013inEmergingInfectiousDiseasesmagazinE.Thestudysharesacaseofanine-year-oldboywhosecatcaughttheplagueandgaveittoitsownerwhiletheyweresharingabeD.A.regularvisittothevetcangreatlyreducetheriskofyourpetcatchinganydiseasethatmayinfecttheowneraswell.Arecentstudydoneon200000peoplehasshownthatvitaminsupplementsdonothingtoimproveourlivesandwhatisworse—theyactivelyincreaseourdeathrisk.Thisconclusionfrom2012wassounbelievablethatitmaderesearchersdoevenmorestudies.Eachstudyhadthesameresult.PeoplewhochoosevitaminsupplementsoverfruitandvegetablesarethesameaspeoplewhochoosetoeataburgeroverahealthysalaD.Peoplewhousethesolarium日光浴室experiencecertainchangestotheirbrainsthatareverysimilartomanycausedbydrugaddiction.AccordingtoastudyourbrainscaninfactrecognizethedifferencebetweenthenaturalUVlightandthesolarium.Longexposuretoartificiallightduringthenightisdirectlylinkedtoahigherriskofbreastcancerobesityanddepression.Exposuretoartificiallightbeforesleepingdisturbsthenaturalbiorhythms生物节奏ofourbodieswhichleadstorestrictiononthehormone荷尔蒙melatoninwhichisthehormonethathelpsusfallasleep.Title:Fourscientific1PassageoutlineSupportingdetailsSharingbedwithyourpetisaterribleidea*Youwillprobablybeinfectedwith2.*Toreducesuchriskyoushouldtakeyourpettovisitthevet3.Be4aboutvitaminsupplementsVitaminsupplementsactivelyincreasetheriskof5.Youcanbecome6tosolariumsThesolariummaybringaboutchangestothe7justlikedrugsdo.8longexposuretoartificiallights*Youarelikelyto9frombreastcancerobesityanddepressionafterlongexposuretoartificiallights.*Thenaturalbiorhythmsofyourbodieswillbedisturbedandyouwillfinditnot10tofallasleep.
Ifyoufindthegroundshakingbeneathyourfeetthere’saninternationalconsensusonhowyoushouldact.Earthquakesafetyboilsdowntothreebasicsteps:1.DroptothegrounD.2.TakecoverbygettingunderasturdydeskortablE.3.Holdontoituntiltheshakingstops.Ifthereisn’tatableordesknearyoudroptothegroundinaninsidecornerofthebuildingandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourhandsandarms.DonottrytoruntoanotherroomjusttogetunderatablE.Ifyouareoutdoorsmovetoaclearareaifyoucansafelydoso;avoidpowerlinestreessignsbuildingsvehiclesandotherhazards.Ifyou’reatthemoviesorasportsgamestayatyourseatandprotectyourheadandneckwithyourarms.Ifyou’redrivingacarpullovertothesideoftheroadstopandsettheparkingbrakE.Avoidoverpassesbridgespowerlinessignsandotherhazards.Stayinsidethevehicleuntiltheshakingisover.IfapowerlinefallsonthecarstayinsideuntilatrainedpersonremovesthewirE.Ifyoulivedownstreamforadamyoushouldknowflood-zoneinformationandhavepreparedanevacuationplan.Damscanfailduringmajorearthquakes.ThemainpointistotrynottomoveandtoimmediatelyprotectyourselfasbestaspossiblewhereyouarE.Earthquakesoccurwithoutanywarningandmaybesoviolentthatyoucannotrunorcrawl;youthereforewillmostlikelybeknockedtothegroundwhereyouhappentobE.YouwillneverknowiftheinitialjoltwillturnouttobestartofthebigonE.Title:WhatShouldYouDoWhenanEarthquake71?General72tobetakenDropcoverandholdon.WhenindoorsGetunder73ordroptothegroundinaninsidecornerofthebuildingandcoveryourheadandneck.When74MovetoaclearareA.Avoid75.Staywhereyouareandgiveprotection76yourheadandneckwithyourarms.WhendrivingPullovertothe77stopandsettheparkingbrakE.When78downstreamKnowflood-zoneinformationandhavemadegood79foranevacuationplan.ConclusionYoushouldstaywhereyouareandprotectyourselfbecausethereisless80tobeinjuredorkilleD.
MillionsofchildrenareconsideredfatintheUnitedStates.Andthesechildrenareatgreaterriskofboneandjoint关节problemsandpoorself-confidencE.WhilethegovernmentisworkingonprogramstostopthistrendexpertsstressthatpreventionshouldstartathomE.ThefirststeptoahealthyhomeistosimplifyyourshoppinglistMaryJonesVerbovskiapediatricdietitian儿科营养学家atSeattleChildren’sHospitalrecommendsfreshmilkproductsmeatsandvegetables——thebrighterthebetter.LookfornaturallycolorfulfoodsshesaiD.MorenutrientsvitaminsandmineralsarenaturallypresenttherE.Parentscanbecomerolemodelsfortheirchildrenbyenjoyingtheprocessofcookingforthefamily.Whenchildrengrowupinapositivelovingenvironmentwheretheycookandeatmealstogetherthey’remorelikelytoabsorbthatintotheirownlivesandfamiliesastheygrowVerbovskisaiD.InvitingkidstojoininthekitchenactivitiesalsohelpstheparentsnotesVerbovski.IfyourchildhelpswithcookingandfoodpreparationyougetanunderstandingofwhattheylikeandwhattheymaybewillingtotryshesaiD.It’simportanttopassonnutritionalfactstoyourchildreninawaythatthey’llrememberthem.NancyWalshwhovolunteerswiththeJuniorLeagueprogramsayskeepingkidsinvolvedformstarttofinishhelpsthemtolearnnutritionalandexercisetipsandthey’llrememberwhattheyhavelearnedthroughplayandcarryitwiththemastheygrowup.Thekeyismakingitfunwhileencouraginggooddiscipline纪律andlimits.FindawaytomakeexerciseandfitnessfunandplayfulnotworkorachoreVerbovskisaiD.
Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessarilysohowever.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Hereishow.PlanyourtimecarefullyWhenplanningyourweekyoushouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.AftermakingthelistyoushouldmakeascheduleofyourtimE.FirstarrangeyourtimeforeatingsleepingdressingetC.Thendecideagoodregulartimeforstudying.Don’tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.A.weeklyschedulemaynotsolvealltheproblemsbutitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtimE.FindagoodplacetostudyLookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyareA.Keepthisplacewhichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroomfreeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.NogamesradiosorTV!Whenyousitdowntostudyconcentrateonthesubject.MakegooduseofyourtimeinclassTakeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteachersays.Reallylisteninginclassmeanslessworklater.Takingclassnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.StudyregularlyWhenyougethomefromschoolgooveryournotes.Reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherhasmentionedinclass.Ifyouknowwhatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextdayreadthematerial.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.Ifyoudothesethingsregularlythematerialwillbecomemoremeaningfulandyouwillrememberitlonger.DevelopagoodattitudetowardsthetestsThepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.IthelpsyourememberyournewknowledgE.Theworldwon’tendifyoudon’tpassatestsodon’tbeoverlyworrieD.Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudy.YouwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthesE.76foryourstudyPlanyourtimecarefully●77thingsthatyouhavetodo.●Makeagood78ofwhatyouhavetodoeveryday.●Remembertosetasideenoughtimefor79.FindagoodplacetostudyNothingisthereexceptyour80materials.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass●Beagood81inclass.●Takenotescarefullyinclass.Study82●GooveryournoteswhenbackhomE.●Previewthematerialtobe83thenextday.DevelopagoodattitudetowardstestsNeverlettests84youinyourstudy.Tobecomea85student.
[1]Ifyoucan’tfindyourkeysaskawoman.It’sreportedthatfemalesarebetterthanmalesatmultitaskingparticularlyifthosetasksincludesearchingforlostitemsforexamplethecarkeys.[2]Researcherscarriedouttwoexperimentsinwhichmenandwomenhavetojuggle同时做severaltasks.Examplesofthisincludeworkinginabusyofficeorcookingseveraldishesatonceforameal.Inthefirstbattleofthesexesthevolunteersplayedacomputergamethatrequiredrapidchangesofattention.Bothsexessloweddownbutthewomenslowedless.Thissuggeststhattheyfoundmultitaskingeasier.[3]Inthesecondexperimentvolunteersweregiven8minutestocompleteasetofsumssearchforrestaurantsonamapandworkouttheroutetheywouldtaketosearchforasetofkeyslostinafielD.Thetwosexesdidwellonallthetasksbutthekeyhunt—inwhichthesearchesplannedbythewomenwerejudgedtobeclearlysuperior.Whenitistheonlythingtobedonebothsexesareequallygoodatit.Itshowedthatmen’sabilitytoplanasearchforlostkeysbreaksdownwhenputunderthepressureofmultitasking.Theresultssuggestthatwomenarebetteratmultitaskingthanmen.[4]Women’sadvantageatdoingtaskshasitsrootsinevolution.IntheStoneAgemencouldprobablygooutandhuntforfoodwhilethewomenstayedathomeandmulti-taskeD.Theywerealwayslookingoutfortheirchildrenaswellasdoingotherthingslikegatheringfruitsanddoingmendingandmakingstonetools.Menprobablyhavesomewhatmoreofaone-trackminD.76.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?nomorethan6words77.Howmanyexperimentsdidresearchersdo?nomorethan2words78.Inthefirstbattleofthesexeswhatdidthevolunteersdo?nomorethan12words79.Whensearchingforlostkeysistheironlytaskhowdobothsexesperform?nomorethan5words80.WhatworkdidmenmainlydointheStoneAge?nomorethan8words
WhatisecofashionEco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthattakeintoaccounttheenvironmentthehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Itisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthetermcoverstwoaspectsoffashion—‘ecological’and‘ethical’.Ecologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile织物andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissuessurroundingthemethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.WhataretheproblemswithfashionAcloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthatarecommonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstlytheproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cottonplantingusespesticidessheepfarmingandwoolcleaningcontributetoglobalwarmingsyntheticsmaking人造纤维生产bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.Secondlyeverystageofclothingproductionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergyandsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.Inadditiontothisthereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocessespeciallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdlygrowingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironmentandwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Thenhowtosolvetheproblems?Otherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerialsdesigningforminimumwastechoosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforlongevity.Thefashionindustryhasbeenslowtoadoptthesechangesandpartoftheproblemistheverynatureoffashion.ToalargedegreeitisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuturE.TherearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprintfromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyusethroughselectingsustainablematerialsandchoosinglocalsupplierstorecycleandminimizewastE.Ontheotherhandasconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.Thereissomeconcernthatecofriendlyfashionsarejustatrendthatwewilleventuallygrowtiredofbutwecanmakesurethatdoesn'thappen.NowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightforwardandimmediatE.Theyrelatedirectlytoourpersonalhealth.Infactchoosingecofashioncanalsocontributetoourpersonalhealththoughitismostlydonebywayofkeepingthehealthoftheplanet.Whychooseeco-fashion?71offashionEcologicalTextile&clothingproductionprocesses;Issuesrelatedto72EthicalWorking73involvedProblemswithfashionTextile74Cotton-planting:useofpesticides;Sheepfarming&woolcleaning:globalwarming;Synthetics-making:75wasteClothingproductionProducingalotofwaste;Usingharmfulchemicals;76agreatdealofenergyConsumptionlevels&shoppinghabitsNewclothes:boughtinincreasingquantitiesOldclothes:77awayquickly78toproblemsFashionproducersWaystorecycleand79waste:Switchingtogreenenergy;Reducingenergyuse;Selectingsustainablematerials;Choosinglocalsuppliers___80__SelectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingReducingclothingconsumptionChoosingecofashioncancontributetoourpersonalhealth.
Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixedabilityteaching.OnthecontraryboththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenricheD.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming把按能力分班pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.ItcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenotsobrightchilD.Afterallitcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!Besidesitisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefullnotjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskillsandwefindthatmixedabilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.Inourclassroomsweworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroupsthisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntocooperatetoshareandtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothinktomakedecisionstoanalyzeandevaluateandtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.SometimesthepupilsworkinpairssometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignmentsandtheycandothisattheirownspeeD.TheyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriatE.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibraryandweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedworkitdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbestnottheirleastandwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.
A.newskateboardnamedtheBoardofImaginationprovesthatthefutureoftravelisonlylimitedbyimagination.Ittakesordersdirectlyfromtherider’sbrainwavesandtransfers传送themtoa800-wattmotorwhichdrivestheboardforwarD.DecideadestinationandhowfastyouwouldliketogetthereandyoucanstartwiththetheBoardofImagination.Ifyouthinkthat’stoofastitwillslowdown.ThesecretisinanonboardSamsungtablet平板电脑withWindows8andaheadsetthatmonitorsandanalyses分析brainwaves.Dr.WhurleyshowedhowhemasteredtheboardtotravelfromPointA.toPointB.Nowhe’stheleadingdriveroftheboardintheworlD.HecomparedtheprocesstoimaginingyourselfpullingyourselfalongwitharopE.IfyouseethedestinationinyourmindanddecidehowfastyouwanttogettheretheBoardofImaginationwilldotherest.ApartfrommakingyouabletobalancetheonlyotherformoftrainingistomarryyourbrainwavestothecomputersoftwarE.TheproblemwiththeboardisthatusersreallyhavetokeeptheirmindsonthejobathanD.IfyoustartthinkingaboutlunchorsomethingthatyoumighthavetodowhentherideendstheridemightendalotsoonerandmoresuddenlythanyouplanneD.WhurlysaidWequicklyrealizedthatwewouldhavetofindawaytohandledistraction.Whilewedidthebestwecoulditwasalwaysanissueformostriders.56.What’sspecialabouttheskateboard?Nomorethan8words_______________________________________________________________________57.HowcanyoumaketheBoardofImaginationstart?Nomorethan8words_______________________________________________________________________58.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedworddistractioninthelastparagraph?Nomorethan6words_______________________________________________________________________59.What’smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?Nomorethan8words_______________________________________________________________________60.Doyouwanttodrivetheboard?WhatshouldyoupayspecialattentiontowhenyouaredrivingtheboardNomorethan25words_______________________________________________________________________
Becomingafiremanisachallengingandcompetitivejobtoday.A.fireman’smaindutyisbeingscheduledaccordingtothefightingandextinguishment熄灭offirewhichdefinitelyrequiresbeingastrongmanbothmentallyandphysically.ThedutyofafiremaninvolvesprotectionoflifeandpropertyofthepubliC.TheyaretheservicemenwhoaredecisivelyselectedbyanorganizationtohandlesituationslikefirE.ThedutyofafiremanintentionallyconsistsofhelpinginnocentpeopleintheirtimeofneeD.Suchtypeofjobisoneofthosefewjobswhereserviceisprovidedforpeoplewhentheyneedhelpimmediately.Thismayincluderescuingpeoplefromabuildingatfireprovidingthemwithmedicalfacilitiesextinguishingfireinahouseorinalargecommercialbuilding.Servingpeopleisthemainintentionoftheseprofessionals.ThesatisfactionwhichafiremangetsfromthistypeofjobcannotbecomparedtoanyotherprofessionintheworlD.Suchprofessiondemandstop-levelcommitmentandprofessionalismfromthosewhohavechosenitasacareer.Firemenshouldpossessthehighestlevelofcourageandpatiencetoputtheirlivesindangerforthesakeofothers.Theyundergolessonsofmaintainingpatienceforlonghoursandgothroughcompletepreparationtobecomesuccessfulandwell-organizedprofessionalfiremen.Therearecertainteststhatarerecommendedbeforebecomingafireman.It’snotthateasytobecomeafiremannowadays.A.firemanissupposedtodealwithunexpectedsituationsandheshouldhavegoodcommunicationskillsandbeself-disciplinedatthesametimE.Inordertobeagoodfiremanonemustundergostrictlocalfiredepartment’strainingprogramafterpassingallthetests.Allthefiredepartmentsconcludeatwo-to-four-monthcourseincludingclassroomtrainingandpracticaltrainingthatcoverfirefightingtechniquesfireavoidancedangerousmaterialsandurgentsituationmedicalactions.Completingthistrainingtraineesgothroughthedepartment’strialperiodofservicethatcanlastfromthreetosixmonthsdependingonthemethodsofselection.Firemenusuallyworkbothindoorsandoutdoors.Theyhavetobeondutyatalltimesandmostlyworkinshiftsofatleast8hours.TheyarealsoprovidedwithseveralbenefitswhichincludemedicalaidplanspensionfundannualleaveandmanymorE.Title:FiremenDefinitionTheservicemendecisivelyselectedbyanorganizationto71urgentsituationslikefirE.72•Helpinginnocentpeople73theyneedhelp.•Rescuingpeoplefromabuildingatfireandprovidingthemwithmedicalfacilities.•74outfireinahouseorinalargecommercialbuilding.Requirements•Havingtop-levelcommitmentandprofessionalism.•Beingcourageousand75.•Beingstrongbothinthebodyand76.•Havinggood77skills.•Beingself-disciplineD.78•Firefightingtechniquesfireavoidancedangerousmaterialsandurgentsituationmedicalactions.•Thedepartment’strialperiodofservicewhichpossibly793～6months.80MedicalaidplanspensionfundannualleaveandmanymorE.
Traditionallycustomersmayconsidermoreaboutwhattheybuytheproductfor.Howevertheimageofproductandtheconsumingcircumstanceshavebecomethekeypointstoattractcustomerawarenessandstimulatetheirbuyingneeds.FrequentlycustomersbuygoodsjustbecausetheyarecutelovelyanduniquE.WithalessemphasisonfunctiontheexperienceandimaginativespaceareplacedintoanincreasinglyimportantrolE.Theimageofproductisemphasizedaswellasthecommunicationbetweenproductsandconsumers.CustomerbehaviorwhichappearstobefocusedoninfactrespondstoquitedifferentobjectivestheexpressionofdesireandtheproductionofacodeofsocialvaluesthroughtheuseofdifferentsignssaidBandrillarD.Thereasonforimageorientedcustomerbehaviorisprobablythatcustomers'lifestylehasbeencontinuouslyvirtualizedbypayingmuchattentiontovirtualreality.TheevidencescanbetracedfromcomputergamesandHollywoodmoviesinwhichcustomers'preferenceforfleeingrealityisperfectlymatcheD.Thischangerequiresustotakeeffortstoenhanceproductimagebyintegratingstylecolortasteshapeandmaterialandcommunicatewithcustomerscreativelyimaginativelyandinnovativelyandenablethemtoenjoythedistinctiveexperienceimagebrings.Itisnotaneedforaparticularobjectasmuchasa‘need’fordifferencesaidBaudrillarD.ThetypicalexampleisAppleComputer'sIMACwhichhasstrongvisualimpactsandoutstandingdynamics.BythiswaycustomerrelationshipcanbesetupthroughimageandbrandcanbetreatedasasignthatcantransformpeoplE.OtherexamplescommonlyusedareDisneyFairylandandLasVegaswherenewexperienceandimaginationarefullydemonstrateD.Insumconsumptionisnegotiationaneverendingconversationheldinthelanguagesofadvertisingpackagingbrandingfashionandentertainment.MoreAttentiontotheImageofProduct
OneroomschoolsarepartoftheUnitedStatesandthementionofthemmakespeoplefeelavaguelongingforthewaythingswere.Oneroomschoolsareanendangeredspecies.Howeverformorethanahundredyearsoneroomschoolshavebeensystematicallyshutdownandtheirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.Asrecentlyas1930therewere149000oneroomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970therewere1800.Todayofthenearly800remainingoneroomschoolsmorethan350areinNebraskA.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveontheirroadmapswidespacesbetweentowns.Nowthattherearehardlyanylefteducatorsarebeginningtothinkthatmaybethereissomethingyettobelearnedfromoneroomschoolssomethingservedthepioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwithprogressivesoundingnameslikepeergroupteachingandmultiagegroupingforeducationalproceduresthatoccurnaturallyintheoneroomschools.InoneroomschoolsthechildrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartofthetimeteachingsomeoneelsE.AfourthgradercanworkatafifthgradelevelinmathandathirdgradelevelinEnglishwithouttheshameassociatedwithbeingleftbackorthepressuresofbeingskippedaheaD.Ayoungsterwithalearningdisabilitycanfindhisorherownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheotherpupils.Inlargerurbanschoolstodaythisiscalledmainstreaming.AfewhoursinasmallschoolthathasonlyoneclassroomanditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelitoneoftheadvantagesoflivinginNebraskathattheirchildrenhavetogotoaoneroomschool.61.Accordingtothetextwhat'smanyeducators'opiniontooneroomschoolsNomorethan8words________________________________________________________________62.Whyareoneroomschoolsindangerofdisappearing?Nomorethan8words________________________________________________________________63.WhatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicoftheoneroomschoolNomorethan10words________________________________________________________________64.WhatdoesthelastsentencesuggestNomorethan15words________________________________________________________________
Womenareavoidingacademiccareersinmath-intensivefieldsbecausethelifestyleisnotconsistentwithmotherhoodresearchersatCornellUniversityfoundinastudytobepublishednextmonthinAmericanScientistMagazine.UniversitieshavelongbeencriticizedforhiringandevaluationpoliciesthatdiscriminateagainstwomenbutthefindingsofthisnewstudypointtothefemalebiologicalclockasamainreasonwhysofewwomenendupasprofessorsinfieldssuchasmathengineeringphysicsandcomputersciencE.Awomanwhowantsafamilylooksatthetoughpathtoatenured终身的positionandconsidershowoldshewillbebeforeshecanstartafamilyandhowlittletimeshewillhavetoraiseherchildren.Manyofthosewomenchooseamoreflexiblecareer.Universitieshavebeenlargelyinflexibleaboutanythingotherthanthestandardtimetablewhichmeansyou’llhavetostruggleforyearsandonlythenwouldyouconsidergettingpregnant怀孕的saidWendyWilliamsahumandevelopmentprofessoratCornellwhoco-authoredthestudywithherhusbandStephenCeci.WilliamsandCecianalyzeddataabouttheacademiccareersofmenandwomenwithandwithoutchildren.Beforewomenbecamemotherstheyhadcareersequaltoormoresuccessfulthantheirmalepeers.ButoncetheygavebirththedynamicchangeD.Womeninotheracademicfieldssuchasthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesfacesimilarproblemsandoftenleaveacademiaaswell.ButbecausetherearesomanywomeninthosePhD.programsenoughfinallystaytoamounttoacriticalmassoffemaleprofessors.Inmath-heavyfieldshoweverwomenmakeupatinyminorityofthegraduatestudents.SowhentherarefewwhomakeitthroughaPhD.programleavebecauseuniversitiesarenotconcernedabouttheirneedsasmothersatallthenetresultisalmostnowomenrepresentedonfacultyrosters教师名单thestudysaiD.PhenomenonFewwomenchoose1careersinmath-intensivefieldsReasonsGeneralbeliefThehiringandevaluationpoliciesofuniversitiesdon’ttreatwomen2NewdiscoverySofewwomenendupasprofessorsinfieldssuchasmathengineeringphysicsandcomputerscience3becauseofthefemalebiologicalclockSupportingdetailsThe4pathandthecountlesshourstheyneedtodevotetotheirworkmakethemgiveupUniversitieshavebeeninflexibleaboutanything5thestandardtimetableBeforewomenbecamemotherstheyhadcareersequaltoormore6thantheirmalepeers.ButaftertheyhadchildrenthingschangedWomeninotheracademicfieldsarealso7withthesameproblemandleaveacademiaaswell8_______Thefactthatthelifestyleofprofessorsdoesn’t9withtheirmotherhoodleadstotheirbeingunwillingtotakeupacademiccareersinmath-intensivefields.EveniftherarefewmakeitthroughaPhD.programtheyleaveintheendbecauseuniversitiesdon’t10abouttheirneedsasmothers
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