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The first newspaper were handwritten sheets which were posted in pubic places. The earliest recorded...
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Thehistoryofnewspapersisanoften-dramaticchapteroft
Thefirstnewspaperswerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
Thefirstnewspaperswerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
Thefirstnewspaperswerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
Passage2 Newspapersarenotonlyaspopulartodayasthey
newspapers
radio
television
both A and B
Passage2 Newspapersarenotonlyaspopulartodayasthey
more popular today
less popular today
.as popular as before
getting more and more popular
Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsin
Passage2Newspapersarenotonlyaspopulartodayasthe
they don’t have time
they are lazy
the front page is not attractive enough
the headines are too horrible and frightening
Thehistoryofnewspapersisanoften-dramaticchapteroft
CThefirstnewspaperwerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
Passage2 Newspapersarenotonlyaspopulartodayasthey
the headlines
the sports page
the front page
the classified advertisements
Thefirstnewspaperswerewrittenbyhandandputuponwalls
Thefirstnewspaperswerewrittenbyhandandputuponwalls
CThefirstnewspaperwerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Thefirstnews
Thefirstnewspaperswerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
Thefirstnewspaperswerewrittenbyhandandputuponwalls
Thefirstnewspaperswerewrittenbyhandandputuponwalls
Thefirstnewspaperswerewrittenbyhandandputuponwalls
Thefirstnewspaperswerehandwrittensheetswhichwerepo
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BlackHistoryMonthisalsoknownastheAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonth.ItiscelebratedallovertheUnitedStatesofAmericaandCanadainthemonthofFebruarywhileintheUnitedKingdomitiscelebratedinOctober.EachandeveryschoolanduniversityconductsvariousactivitiestomakethegenerationawareoftheimportancethatAfrican-Americanhistoryholdsinthenation.TheelectronicmediaisfilledwiththemesinrelevancetotheoccasionandmanyactivitiesarecarriedoutacrossthecountrytorememberthecontributionmadebyAfrican-Americancitizensinthedevelopmentofthisnation.BlackHistoryMonthwasfirststartedbyafamousAfrican-AmericanhistorianDr.CarterG.Woodsonintheyear1926.FebruarywaschosenasthemonthtocelebratetheAfrican-AmericanhistorybecauseitwasthebirthmonthoftwoofthemosthighlyvaluedpeopleamongAfrican-Americans.ThesewerePresidentAbrahamLincolnwhofreedtheslavesandFrederickDouglasswhowasalsothefirstvicepresidentialnominee被任命者amongAfrican-Americans.InitiallyBlackHistoryMonthwasknownastheNegroHistoryWeek.ThiswasDr.Woodson’sattempttoencourageawarenessamongcitizensaboutthecontributionofAfrican-Americanstowardsthebuildingofthenation.Itwasonlyintheearly1970’sthatthenameNegroHistoryWeekchangedtoBlackHistoryMonth.Andlaterintheyear1976theentiremonthofFebruarywasdeclaredtobetheNationalAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonthortheBlackHistoryMonth.EveryyearNationalAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonthiscelebratedbymanyactivitieswithvariousideasandthemesfortheyoungergeneration.In2013BlackHistoryMonthcelebratesthe50thanniversaryoftheMarchonWashingtonatwhichMartinLutherKingJr.gavehisfamousspeechIhaveadream.Italsomarksthe150thanniversaryoftheEmancipationProclamation解放黑奴宣言.ThethemeforBlackHistoryMonthin2014isCivilRightsinAmericarememberingtheimportantmilestonesbyAfrican-Americansandothersinthebattleforcivilrightsandequaltreatmentunderthelaw.28.WhatisthepurposeofBlackHistoryMonthinAmerica?A.TorememberAfrican-Americans’contributiontoAmericA.B.TorememberthehistoryofAfrican-AmericansinAmericA.C.ToencourageAfrican-AmericanchildrentostudyharD.D.ToincreaseAfrican-Americanchildren’sconfidencE.29.FebruarywaschosenasBlackHistoryMonthbecause________.A.Dr.CarterG.WoodsonlikedFebruary.B.slaverywasofficiallyendedinFebruary.C.African-AmericanscontributedalotinFebruary.D.twogreatAmericanleaderswasborninFebruary.30.Howisthesecondparagraphdeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byfollowingtimeorder.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bymakingclassifications.31.WhatdoesBlackHistoryMonthin2014celebrateinAmerica?A.The50thanniversaryoftheMarchofWashington.B.MartinLutherKingJr’sspeechIhaveadream.C.The150thanniversaryoftheEmancipationProclamation.D.Importantpeopleandoccasioninthebattleforcivilrights.
HistoriansusuallyjuststudygreatthingsthathappenedinthepasttimebutDrewFausthasmadehistory!OnFebruary112007FaustwasnamedpresidentofHarvardUniversity.Sheisthefirstwomantoholdthepositionintheschool’s371yearhistory.IamahistorianshesaiD.I'vespentalotoftimethinkingaboutthepastandabouthowitshapesthefuturE.NouniversityinthecountryperhapstheworldhadasremarkableapastasHarvard’s.AndourcommonenterpriseistomakeHarvard’sfutureevenmoreremarkablethanitspast.Thatwillmeanrecognizingandbuildingonwhatwealreadydowell.Itwillalsomeanrecognizingwhatwedon’tdoaswellasweshouldandnotbeingsatisfieduntilwefindwaystodobetter.ItishergreatdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutideasthathavegivenDrewsuccessinaworldcontrolledbymen.Thisisaman’sworldmygirlandthesooneryoulearnthatthebetteroffyou’11bE.DrewFaustrecallshermothertellingherthiswhenshewasyoungbutshedidn’tacceptit.Faustgrewupinawell-offfamilyinVirginia’sShenandoahValleyinthe1950s.EventhenShewasatrailblazer先驱.Aconversationwithherfamily'sblackhandymananddriverinspiredHertowritealetteronschoolnotebookpapertoPresidentDwightEisenhower.SheaskedwhetherhecouldhelpbringUScitizenstogetherinthesouthamuchdividedpartofthecountryatthetimE.DrewFaustisahistorianwithhereyesonthefuturesaidSusanGrahamaprofessorofHarvarD.Manyoftheuniversity’sschoolssaidthattheybelieveHarvardwillhaveabrighterfutureundertheleadershipofDrewFaust.21.WhydoesthewriterDrewFausthasmadehistory?BecauseA.shewaspresidentHarvardUniversityB.HarvardhasaremarkablepastC.shewasthefirstwomantobepresidentofHarvardUniversityD.Sheisahistorian22.Whatdoweknowabouthistorians?TheyA.usuallystudyhistoryorwriteaboutitB.areusuallywomenC.areusuallyborninwell-offfamiliesD.areusuallypresidentsofuniversities23.WhatdidhermothermeanbysayingThisisaman’sworldmygirl...?ToA.encouragehertodomen’sworkB.tellhertodothingsasagirlshoulddoC.askhertobewell-offD.expecthertobeahistorian24.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.FaustwasborninthenorthoftheUS.B.ShewrotealettertoPresidentEisenhowerwhenshebecamepresidentofHarvarD.C.Faust’sdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutnewideashasgivenhersuccess.D.Historiansjustcareaboutgreatthingsthathappenedinthepast.
Justweeksafteraspecialmemorialvoyagetomarkthe100thanniversaryofthesinkingoftheTitanicanAustralianbillionairehasannouncedplanstobuildanexactreplica复制品oftheTitanicwhichisjustassimilartotheoriginaloneaspossible.TheTitanicreplicawillmakeitsfirstvoyagefromSouthamptonEnglandtoNewYorkin2016.TheTitanicisafamousshipthatsankin1912.Theattractivestoryoftheoceanliner邮轮hasmademillionsofpeopleinterestedinitaroundtheworlD.ItwasbelievedtobeanunsinkableshipbutithitanicebergandsankonitsfirstvoyagE.Morethan1500peoplediedinthesinkingoftheTitanicwhichatthetimewastheworld’slargestandmostluxuriousoceanliner.WhenfullybuilttheTitanicIIwillbe270meters886feetlongandcapableofholding1680passengers.UnliketheoriginalTitanicwhichwaspoweredbycoal-firedboilerandsteamenginestheTitanicIIwillhavemoderndiesel柴油机andelectricengines.AlsounlikethefirstTitanictheTitanicIIwillhavemorethanenoughlifeboatstoaccommodateeveryoneonboardifsomethingshouldgowrong.WhenaskedwhetherthenewreplicawouldsinkMr.Palmerreplied:Ofcourseitwillsinkifyouputaholeinit.HealsoaddedItwillbedesignedasamodernshipwithallthetechnologytoensurethatdoesn’thappen.WhenMr.PalmerwasaskedifheexpectedhisTitanictobesuccessfulhesimplysaid:Atmyageyoudon’treallyworrysomuchaboutwhetheryou’llmakemoneyorlosemoneyonsomethingbutIbelievethatitisworthbuildingit.28.WhyistheTitanicreplicabeingbuilt?A.TomakeavoyagefromSouthamptonEnglandtoNewYork.B.Tomarkthe100thanniversaryofthesinkingoftheTitanic.C.TorealizeMr.Palmer’sdreamofconstructingaluxuriousoceanliner.D.NotclearlytalkedaboutinthepassagE.29.What’smainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.ThetravellingrouteoftheTitaniC.B.A.shortintroductiontotheoriginalTitaniC.C.ThenumberofpeopleontheTitanicwhenitsank.D.People’sgreatinterestintheattractivestoryoftheoceanliner.30.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheTitanicIIandtheoriginalone?A.TitanicIIwillbepoweredbymoderndieselandelectricengines.B.TheappearanceofTitanicIIwillbemoreluxurious.C.TheconstructionofTitanicIIwillbemorecomplex.D.ThenumberofthelifeboatsonTitanicIIwillbesmaller.31.WhatisMr.Palmer’sattitudetowardshisTitanicIIreplica?A.Itwillsinkwithaholeinit.B.Itwilldefinitelybeagreatsuccess.C.Itisworthwhiletobuildit.D.Itwillmakehimlosemoney.
TofindsomethingsounusualinthisdayandageisjustextraordinarysaidTimmins.ForallweknowthiscouldbethelastremaininganimalfamilylefttobediscovereD.It’sabigdealtodiscoveranentirelynewfamilyofanimals.Humansforinstancebelongtothesamefamilyasgreatapeschimpanzeesandgorillas.Soeventhoughkha-nyouslooklikeratsthey’rereallyverydifferent.Thelasttimescientistsdiscoveredanewfamilyofmammalsmayhavebeeninthe1970swhentheyfoundnewbatsinThailanD.TimminsseemstohavethegiftforfindingnewanimalsinLaos—hediscoveredanewspeciesofrabbittherein1999.Scientistscallthekha-nyouLaonastesaenigmamuswhichmeansmysteriousmousethatlivesamongthestones.Butifthat'stoohardTimminsandRobinsonsuggestyoucallthemrockrats.28.Whichofthefollowingisnotthenameforthisnewcreature?A.Karsts.B.Kha-nyou.C.rockrats.D.Laonastesaenigmamus.29.Whichofthefollowingcannotdescribethenewspeciesofrodent?A.TheyliveamongtherockyhillsofLaos.B.Theyliveonmeatofotheranimals.C.TheylooklikeratsbutareofdifferentkinD.D.Theyareofthelatestdiscoveryofanewspecies.30.Whichofthefollowingisthelastdiscoveryofnewspeciesofanimalexcepttherodent?A.A.newkindofbats.B.Greatapes.C.A.newkindofsquirrel.D.A.newkindofrabbit.31.Itimpliesinthepassagethat______.A.findinganewanimalfamilyinSoutheastAsiaiseasyB.findinganewanimalfamilyinmoderntimeisextremelyrareC.inSoutheastAsianewspeciesofanimalsareoftendiscoveredD.animalsthatlooklikethesameareofthesamefamily
SilkRoadHeadsfortheHillsFamousforfacilitatinganincredibleexchangeofcultureandgoodsbetweentheEastandtheWesttheancientSilkRoadisthoughttohavewanderedacrosslonghorizontaldistancesinmountainfoothillsandthelowlandsoftheGobiDesert.ButnewarchaeologicalevidencehiddeninatoweringtombrevealsthatitalsoventuredintothehighaltitudesofTibet—apreviouslyunknownarmofthetraderoutE.Discoveredin2005bymonksthe1800-year-oldtombsits4.3kilometersabovesealevelintheNgaridistrictofTibet.Whendiggingbeganin2012theresearchteamexaminingthesitewassurprisedtofindalargenumberoftypicalChinesegoodsinsidE.ThehaullendsitselftotheideathatmerchantsweretravelingfromChinatoTibetalongabranchoftheSilkRoadthathadbeenlosttohistory.ThefindingsareastonishingsaysHouyuanLuanarchaeobotanistattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsinBeijing.AmongotherartifactsarchaeologistsuneartheddelicatepiecesofsilkwithwovenChinesecharacterswanghoumeaningkingandprincesamaskmadeofpuregoldandceramicandbronzevessels.Theyalsoweretakenabackbywhatlookedliketeabuds.TheearliestdocumentationofteainTibetdatestotheseventhcenturyA.D.butthesebudswouldbe400to500yearsolder.ToconfirmtheidentificationLuandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthechemicalcomponentsofthesamplesanddetectedampleamountsofcaffeineandtheanine茶氨酸atypeofaminoacidabundantinteA.MoreoverthechemicalfingerprintsofthetearemaindersweresimilartothoseofteafoundinthetombofaChineseemperoroftheHanDynastydatedto2100yearsagoandbothcouldbetracedtoteavarietiesgrowninYunnaninsouthernChinA.ThisstronglysuggeststhattheteafoundintheTibetantombcamefromChinaLusays.ThefindingswererecentlypublishedinScientificReports.SuchearlycontactsbetweenTibetandChinapointtoahigh-altitudecomponentoftheSilkRoadinTibetthathasbeenlargelyneglectedsaysMartinJonesanarchaeobotanistattheUniversityofCambridgE.TheevidencecontributestotheemergingpicturethattheSilkRoad—whichtheOttomanEmpireclosedoffinthe15thcentury—wasahighlythree-dimensionalnetworkthatnotonlycrossedvastlineardistancesbutalsoscaledtallmountains.OtherstudiestoohavedocumentedsignsoftradealongmountaintrailsinAsiafromaround3000B.C.—routesnowknownastheInnerAsiaMountainCorridors.ThissuggeststhatmountainsarenotbarrierssaysRowanFladanarchaeologistatHarvardUniversity.Theycanbeeffectivechannelsfortheexchangeofculturesideasandtechnologies.SilkRoadHeadsfortheHillsFunctionoftheancientSilkRoadTopromote71andcommercialexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.Archaeological72T.heancientSilkRoadventuredintothehighaltitudesofTibetotherthantheusualtraderoutewhichhasbeenlargelytakenlittle73of.74●Thetoweringtomb754.3kilometersabovesealevelinTibetstoreslargequantitiesoftypicalChinesegoods.●ArchaeologistsuneartheddelicatepiecesofsilkwithwovenChinesecharactersapuregoldmaskandceramicandbronzevessels.●Theresearchteamwere76bytheteabudstheanalysisofwhosechemical77confirmstheywere400to500yearsolderthantheearliestdocumentationofteashoweD.●Thechemicalfingerprintsofthetea78stronglysuggestedthattheteacamefromChinA.79TheSilkRoadnotonlycrossedvastlineardistancesbutalsoscaledtallmountainswhicharenotbarriersto80culturesideasandtechnologies.
Historyisfullofcaseswheredreamshavebeenapathwaytocreativityanddiscovery.A.strikingexampleisprovidedbyDr.OttoLoewiapharmacologist药理学家andwinnerofaNobelPrizE.Loewihadspentyearsstudyingthechemicaltransmissionofnerveimpulses脉搏.A.tremendousbreakthroughinhisresearchcamewhenhedreamedofanexperimentthreenightsinarow.Thefirsttwonightshewokeupandwrotedowntheexperimentquicklyanduntidilyonpaper.Butthenextmorninghecouldn’ttellwhatthenotesmeant.Onthethirdnighthegotupafterhavingthedream.Thistimeinsteadofmakingnoteshewentstraighttohislaboratoryandperformedtheimportantexperiment.Loewilatersaidthatiftheexperimenthadoccurredtohimwhileawakehewouldhaverejectedit.Loewi’sexperimentgivessomeinsightintousingdreamstoproducecreativesolutions.Nervousfeelingsarereducedduringdreamingwhichmaybeespeciallyusefulinsolvingproblemsthatrequireafreshpointofview.Beingabletotakeadvantageofdreamsforsolvingisimprovedifyousetyourselfbeforeretiring.BeforeyougotobedtrytothinkintentlyaboutaproblemyouwishtosolvE.Buryyourselfintheproblembystatingitclearlyandreviewingallrelevantinformation.Thenusethesuggestionslistedintheprevioussectiontocatchyourdreams.AlthoughthismethodisnotguaranteedtoproduceanovelsolutionoranewinsightitiscertaintobeanadventurE.Abouthalfofagroupofcollegestudentsusingthemethodforaweekrecalledadreamthathelpedthemsolveapersonalproblem.32.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.A.verylittleisreallyknownaboutthemeaningofdreamsB.itispossibletocatchone’sdreamsbyplanningbeforegoingtosleepC.dreamscanbeusefulinproducingcreativesolutionstoone’sproblemsD.Loewi’sexperimenthelpedinthestudyoftransmissionofnerveimpulses33.Thefirstparagraphismainlyorganizedby_________.A.classifyingtypesofexperimentsB.summarizingtheworkofoneresearcherC.comparingandexploringhistoricalcasesD.tellingintimeorderaboutoneman’sresearch34.IfLoewihadthoughtoftheexperimentwhileawakehewouldhave_________.A.askedsomeoneelsetodoitB.thoughtitwasabadideaC.trieditoutonhisownD.thoughtitwasawiseidea35.Theauthorprobablythinksthat_________.A.nervousfeelingsmaystopsomeonethinkingofusefulideasB.dreamingisofverylittlevaluetomostpeopleC.LoewishouldnothaveconductedhisexperimentD.collegestudentsshouldnottryoutdreamexperiments
RobinLythe’sCaveEastYorkshireLookingforasenseofmagic?Somethingmysteriouswithalittledanger?Possiblyfilledwithghosts鬼魂?Andfreeofcharge?RobinLythe’sCavewillprovideeverythingyouneed—ifthesealevel’slow.Togetthereyouwalkdownfromthecarparkandtaketheroadontheright.Watchoutinspringforthehundredsofseabirdsnestingontherocks.IfthesealevelislowyouwillbeabletoseeacarveentrancE.Climbupandenter.YouarenowinsidethefirstsectionofthecavecalledFlamboroughHeaD.Forcenturiesthissectionhasbeenfamousforeatingshipsandsmugglers走私者thatsailedtoocloseduringhighsealevels.Atitsheightofgreedinessbetween1770and1806ittookoneshipevery10weeksonaveragE.Thecave’spaththenleadsthroughawetfrighteningpassageintoawonderfulcurvinghall15metreshigh.FromthereyoucanseeadistantlighttheseA.Smugglersusedtobringtheirgoodsuphereandhidethem—Frenchwineandtobaccomostly.AtothertimeslocalswouldfindbodieswashedinduringstormsandonesotheysaywasRobinLythE.MaybehewasasmugglertooandmaybeheisstillarounD.ThereareregularreportsofghostswalkingthroughthecavecarryingbottlesofwinE.Whenthesealevelisverylowit’ssafetoexplorearoundthecaveentranceareabutdon’tstaytoolong!BackonthecliffthereareexcellentwalkssouthpastthelighthousetothelongbeachthatleadstowardsBridlington.Watchoutfortheshort-earedowlshuntingaroundherE.Therearemysteriesheretoo:Dane’sDykeahugewall-basethatnoonehaseverproperlyexplained;andthestrangewhitestonesonthebeach—greatforbuildinganevenstrangersandcastlE.53.What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A.TointroducethehistoryofthecavE.B.ToencouragetouriststovisitthecavE.C.TodescribethesecretstoriesofthecavE.D.TowarnvisitorsofthedangerofthecavE.54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRobinLythe’sCaveistrue?A.NoentrancefeeisrequireD.B.It’sapopularbird-watchingsitE.C.It’sagreatplacetogoswimming.D.Shipsarenolongerallowedtosailnearit.55.Whatdidsmugglersmainlyusethecavefor?A.TohidefromthepolicE.B.Tokeeptheirboats.C.Tostoretheirgoods.D.ToburytheirdeaD.56.WhenisthesafesttimetoexploreRobinLythe’sCave?A.Atnight.B.Whentherearenostorms.C.Inspring.D.Whenthesealevelislow.
In1883acreativeengineernamedJohnRoeblingwasinspiredbyanideatobuildagreatbridgeconnectingNewYorkwiththeLongIslanD.HoweverbridgebuildingexpertsthoughtthatthiswasanimpossibleprojectandtoldRoeblingtoforgetit.ButRoeblingcouldnotignorethevisionofthisbridgE.AftermuchdiscussionandpersuasionhemanagedtoconvincehissonWashingtonanengineerthatthebridgecouldbebuilt.ThefatherandsondevelopedconceptsofhowitcouldbecompletedandhowthedifficultiescouldbeovercomE.AfterthattheybegantobuildtheirdreambridgE.Theprojectstartedwellbutwhenitwasonlyafewmonthsunderway在进行中atragicaccidentonthesitetookthelifeofJohnRoebling.WashingtonwasalsoinjuredandleftwithacertainamountofbraindamagewhichmadehimunabletowalkortalkorevenmovE.EveryonehadanegativecommentsincetheRoeblingsweretheonlyoneswhoknewhowtobuildthebridgE.InspiteofthesedifficultiesWashingtonwasneverdiscouragedandstillhadaburningdesiretocompletethebridgE.Itseemedthattherewasamessageforhimnottogiveup.Suddenlyanideahithim.Allhecoulddowastomoveonefingerandhedecidedtomakethebestuseofit.BymovingitheslowlydevelopedacodeofcommunicationwithhiswifE.Thenheusedthesamemethodoftappingherarmtotelltheengineerswhattodo.Theprojectwasunderwayagain.For13yearsWashingtontappedouthisinstructionswithhisfingeronhiswife'sarmuntilthebridgewasfinallycompleteD.TodaytheBrooklynBridgestandsinallitsglorytothevictoryofoneman'sdeterminationnottobedefeatedbycircumstances.Thisisoneofthebestexamplesofaneversaydieattitudethatovercomesaterriblephysicaldisabilityandachievesanimpossiblegoal.21.WhenJohnRoeblinghadtheideaofbuildingthebridge________.A.manyexpertsthoughtitimpossibleB.hissonsupportedhimimmediatelyC.therewasnobridgearoundNewYorkD.hepersuadedthegovernmenttosupporthim22.Whatistherightorderofthefollowingstatements?[a.TheRoeblingstalkedaboutthepossibilitiesofbuildingthebridgE.b.WashingtonbecamedisableD.c.JohnRoeblingbelievedthatbuildingthebridgewaspossiblE.d.Washington'swifehelpedinstructthebuilding.A.bcadB.adcbC.cabdD.adbc23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.togototheLongIslandwecangoacrossBrooklynBridgenowB.thegovernmentdidoffermuchhelptobuildthebridgeC.WashingtonhadonlyonefingeraftertheaccidentD.ittook13yearstocompletethebridge24.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowtheBrooklynBridgewasbuiltbytheRoeblings.B.TheRoeblingsweredevotedtotheirwork.C.AstrongwillisnottobedefeateD.D.Successliesinpatienceandhardwork.
TourismprobablystartedinRomantimes.RichRomansvisitedfriendsandfamilywhowereworkinginanotherpartoftheRomanempirE.WhentheempirebrokedownthiskindoftourismstoppeD.Intheearly17thcenturytheideaoftheGrandTourwasborn.RichyoungEnglishpeoplesailedacrosstheEnglishChannel.TheyvisitedthemostbeautifulandimportantEuropeancitiesofthetimeincludingParisinFranceandRomeandVeniceinItaly.Theirtourslastedfortwotofouryearsandthetouristsstayedafewweeksormonthsineachcity.TheGrandTourwasanimportantpartofyoungpeople'seducation-butonlyfortherich.Inthe18thcenturytourismbegantochangE.ForexamplepeopleintheUKstartedtovisitsometownssuchasBathtotakethewaters.Theybelievedthatthewatertherewasgoodfortheirhealth.Solargeandexpensivehotelswerebuiltinthesetowns.Inthe19thcenturytravelbecamemuchmorepopularandfaster.Whenthefirstrailwayswerebuiltinthe1820sitwaseasierforpeopletotravelbetweentownssotheystartedtogoforholidaysattheseasidE.Somestartedtohaveholidaysinthecountrysideascitiesbecamelargernoisieranddirtier.Travelingbyseaalsobecamefasterandsaferwhenthefirststeamshipswerebuilt.Peoplebegantotravelmoretofarawaycountries.The20thcenturysawcarsbecomemoreandmorepopularamongordinarypeoplE.Planesweremadelargersoticketpricesdroppedandmorepeopleusedthem.Thustourismgrew.In1949RussianjournalistVladimirRaitzstartedacompanycalledHorizonHolidays.Thecompanyorganizeseverything-planeticketshotelroomsevenfood-andtouristspayforitallbeforetheyleavehomE.Thepackagetour包办旅行andmoderntourismindustrywasborn.ThefirsttravelagencyinChinawassetupasearlyas1949.Buttourismdidnottakeoffuntil1978.In2002theindustrywasworth500billionyuanandbecameanimportantpartofChina'ssocialdevelopment.6.Intheearlytimesthetravelers_______.A.allcamefromChinaB.wereveryyoungandstrongC.hadlotsofmoneyD.traveledbyboat7._______playedthemostimportantroleinthetourismdevelopment.A.EducationB.MoneyC.TransportationD.People'sideas8.Moderntourismindustrywasborn_______.A.in1949B.inRomantimesC.intheearly17thcenturyD.inthe19thcentury9.Inwhichcenturydidtravelbecomemuchmorepopularandfaster?A.17th.B.18th.C.19th.D.20th.10.Theunderlinedphrasetakeoffmeans_______.A.riseintotheairB.developveryfastC.removehatsandclothesD.bringdowntheprices
HundredsofyearsagoaRomanarmycamenorthfromEnglandtomakewaronScotlanD.TheScotsabravepeoplelovetheircountry.TheyfoughthardtodrivetheenemyoutofScotlanD.ButthereweretoomanyoftheRomans.ItlookedasiftheRomanswouldwin.OnenighttheleaderoftheScotsmarchedhissoldierstothetopofahill.WewillrestheretonightmymenhesaidTomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle①.WemustwinorwewilldiE.TheywereallverytireD.Sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsondutybuttheywereverytiredtooandonebyonetheyfellasleep.TheRomanswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheywentupthehill.ClosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.A.fewminutesmorethewarwouldbeover.Suddenlyoneofthemputhisfootonathistle蓟.HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.InaminutetheywereontheirfeetandreadyforabattlE.Thefightingwashardbutitdidnotlastlong.TheScotswipedouttheRomansandsavedScotland②.Thethistleisnotabeautifulplant.Ithassharpneedlesalloverit.Fewpeoplelikedit.ButthepeopleofScotlandlikeditsomuchthattheymadeittheirnationalflower.67.HundredsofyearsagotheRomans____.A.camefromthenorththroughEnglandtomakewaronScotlandB.cametothenorthScotlandfromEnglandtomakewaronScotlandC.camefromthenorthofEnglandtofighttheScotsD.cametothenorthfromthesouthofBritaintofighttheScots68.AttheshoutofaRomansoldieralltheScotswhowereasleepatthehill____.A.begantofighttheRomanshardB.stoodupwithoutputtingontheirshoesandbegantofightC.wokeandroseimmediatelyreadytofightD.puttheirfeetintotheirshoesatonceandwerereadytofight69.Theresultofthewaristhat____.A.theRomanskilledalltheScotsB.theScotsweredefeatedC.theScotsweredrivenoutofScotlandD.theScotsdefeatedtheRomans70.TheScotsmadethistletheirnationalflowerbecausethistle____.A.islovelythoughnotbeautifulB.gavethemhappinessC.isakindofusefulplantD.helpedtheScotsinwipingouttheRomans
Whathistoricalsiteimpressesyoumost?I’vealwaysbeenfascinatedbythepyramidsinEgypt.A.fewyearsagoIbravedalongqueueandclimbedthroughanarrowpassagetoreachthemainchamberdeepinsideoneofthem.LikemillionsofothertouristsImarveled赞叹atstone-walledroomsfullofthemagicofthisancientcivilization.Butpopularitymightbethedestructionofsucharchaeologicaltreasures.TakeTutankhamun’stombintheValleyoftheKingsforexamplE.Itlayuntouchedformorethan3000yearsuntiltheBritisharchaeologistHowardCarteruncovereditin1922.Nowmorethan1000peopleadaywalkthroughit.ButasmoreandmorepeoplevisitthetemperatureandhumidityinsidethetombchangE.Asaresultthebeautifullydecoratedplasteriscomingawayfromtherock.Inordertopreserveitsheritageareplica复制品ofthemonumentisbeingopenedabout1kilometerawayfromtheactualburialsitE.SpecialistshaverecordedeverydetailofTutankhamun’stombandusedthedatatorecreateit.AdamLowefromtheorganizationbehindtheprojectsaysthecopyisidenticaltotheoriginal.Hebelievesvisitorswillwanttobecomepartoftheforcethatprotectsitratherthanaforcethatisleadingtoitsdestruction.Sotheywon’tmindseeingareplicA.ButforhistorianTomHollandacopyisstillacopy.HebelievesthatalthoughpreservationisimportantthereissomethinguniqueaboutplaceslikeTutankhamun’stomB.Hesaysitwasbuiltbypeoplewhobelievedintheworldofthespiritsthedeadandthesupernatural.Youdon’thavetobelieveinagodorgodstofeelaplaceisconsecrated使圣化andhasaparticularqualitythatcan’tbereproduceD.Whataboutyou?Wouldyouvisitareplicaofamonumentratherthantheoriginaltohelppreserveit?8.WhatmayaccountforthedestructionofsomearchaeologicaltreasureslikeTutankhamun’stomb?A.ClimatechangE.B.Copies.C.Popularity.D.Thieves.9.WhatmeasureshavebeentakentopreservetheheritageofTutankhamun’stomb?A.Decoratingthemonumentagain.B.Buildingareplicaofthemonument.C.Limitingthenumberofvisitors.D.MovingthetombawayfromtheactualsitE.10.Theunderlinedwordidenticalisclosestinmeaningto________.A.superiorB.sensitiveC.exposedD.similar
InitsearlyhistoryChicagohadfloodsfrequentlyespeciallyinthespringmakingthestreetssomuddythatpeoplehorsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:A.manisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.AskedifheneedshelpherepliesNothanks.I'vegotagoodhorseundermE.Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage排水systembuttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasementsandthesecondstoriesintomainfloorsorhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.ButwhataboutlargeheavystructureslikeTremontHotelwhichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotelPullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews螺旋千斤顶beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametimetherebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.AstonishinglytheTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperationandmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistoryeveryengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiverthecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.21.Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow______.A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB.Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddyC.ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous22.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto_______.A.getridofthestreetdirtB.lowertheChicagoRiverC.fightagainstheavyfloodsD.buildthepipesaboveground23.TheunderlinedwordhoistinParagraph4means_______.A.changeB.liftC.repairD.decorate24.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A.ItwentonsmoothlyasintendeD.B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C.ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.25.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______.A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements
Agraveofamandatingbacktoaround2300BCwasfoundbyarchaeologistsinEnglandOnMay32002.Buriedwithhimwerethetoolsofahunterorwarrior.Therewasabonepinthatmayhavebeenfromapieceofclothingsuchasaleathercoat.Hecarriedacopperknifeonhisbreast.Themostamazingfindwastwogoldearrings.Thatwouldhavemadehimamanofdistinction.OnlyafewcentimetersfromhisheadweretwopotsmadeofclaytoolsandmaterialstomakearrowsabowandadozenarrowsforhuntingandasecondsmallercopperknifE.Nexttothemlayacushionstoneuponwhichthemancouldworkmetal.HisgraveistherichestofanyfoundfromthatperiodbecausethismanwasburiedwithtwogoldearringswhicharetheoldestgoldeverfoundinBritaindatedto2470BC.BesideshewasburiedthreemilesfromStonehengE.ArchaeologiststendtobelievehewasamemberofapowerfulclasswhomighthaveorganizedtheconstructionofStonehengE.Stonehengewasbegunaround3000BC.Inabout2300BCthehugestonecircleswerebuilt.Thebiggeststoneweighedapproximately20tons.Butthesmallerbluestonesstillweighing4tonsonaveragecamefromwestWales.Itisnotyetknownhowthesewereconveyedoveradistanceof380km.ItisalsoamysteryhowearlymanwasabletoconstructStonehengewithouttheuseofmodernconstructionmachinesandlorries.HeisanexampleofpeoplewhobroughtcultureandnewtechniquesfromtheEuropeanmainlandtoBritain.IntermsoftechnicaldevelopmentpeopleweregoingfromtheStoneAgetotheBronzeAgeandthentotheIronAgE.56.Whicharenotincludedinthethingsthatarefoundinthegraveofaman?A.ToolsabonepinabowandacushionstoneB.A.copperknifeandtwogoldearrings.C.Twopotsarrowsandmaterialstomakearrows.D.somechickenandgrains.57.Themanburiedinthegravemightbe______atthattimE.A.A.poormanB.akind-heartedmanC.arichmanD.anordinaryman58.WhyisthemanburiedinthegravecalledthekingofStonehenge?A.HewasburiedthreemilesfromStonehengE.B.HehadtheoldestgoldeverfoundinBritain.C.HemightbeamemberofapowerfulclasswhomighthaveorganizedtheconstructionofStonehengE.D.AlloftheabovE.59.Wecaninferthat_______.A.howStonehengewasbuiltB.theKingofStonehengewasfromFranceC.StonehengewasbuiltthroughseveralagesD.Stonehengewasbuiltbecauseofwar
AmericannewsexpertsattheAssociatedPresshavechosenthetopstoriesof2003.AlmostallthenewsdirectorsnamedthewarinIraqasthemostimportanteventoftheyear.TheUnitedStatesledamilitarycoalition联军againstIraqbeginningMarchnineteenth.ThemilitaryactionbeganafterPresidentBushrepeatedlywarnedIraqtoreportaboutitsweaponsofmassdestruction.ByAprilseventhmuchofBaghdadwasundercontrolofthecoalition.MisterBushdeclaredmajorcombatoperationsoveronMayfirst.ManyIraqissaidtheywerehappythatSaddamHussein'srulewasover.ButIraqiresistershavecontinuedtoattackandkillcoalitionfightersandIraqicivilians.AmericantroopscapturedSaddamHusseinonDecemberthirteenth.ButsofarthecoalitionhasfoundnoweaponsofmassdestructioninIraq.ThenewsexpertnamedthelossoftheAmericanspaceshuttleColumbiaasthesecondmostimportantstoryoftheyear.ColumbiabrokeapartonFebruaryfirstasitreturnedtoEarthafterasixteen-dayresearchflight.Sevenastronautsdiedintheexplosion.TheAssociatedPressexpertssaidaspecialrecallvotebycitizensinthestateofCaliforniawasthethirdmostimportantstoryoftheyear.OnOctoberseventhCaliforniavotersremovedDemocratGrayDavisasgovernor.TheychoseactorArnoldSchwarzeneggeraRepublicantoreplacehim.UnderGovernorDavisCaliforniahadsufferedseverefinancialproblems.ThenewsexpertssaidthediseaseSARSwasanothertopstory.InFebruaryhealthexpertsinAsiareportedthefirstcasesofanewdiseaselaternamedSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromE.OvertimeabouteightthousandpeoplearoundtheworldbecamesickwiththediseasE.AlmosteighthundredpeoplereportedlydieD.ThenewsagencyexpertsidentifiedapowerlossinNorthAmericaasthenextmostimportantevent.OnAugustfourteenthapowercompanycomputerfailedintheAmericanstateofOhio.ThiscausedalossofelectricityineightAmericanstatesandpartofCanadA.NexttheexpertsnotedAmerica'simprovingeconomy.Thenation'sgrowthratefromJulythroughSeptemberwasthebestinnineteenyears.Butestimatessaidthefederaldebtincreasedtofivehundredthousandmilliondollars.AnothertopstorywasthedeadlywildfiresinCaliforniainOctoberandNovember.Thenewsexpertssaidthetaxcutofthree-hundred-thirty-thousand-milliondollarsforAmericantaxpayerswasalsoanimportantstory.Thesafereturnofakidnappedfifteen-year-oldgirlwasvotedtheninthbiggeststory.FinallythenewsexpertschosethecampaignfortheDemocraticParty'snominationforpresidentinthetwo-thousand-fourelection.FormerVermontgovernorHowardDeannowappearstoleadeightothercompetitors.1.Howmanytopstoriesarementionedinthepassage?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.2.Whichistheeighthmostimportantstoryaccordingtothepassage?A.TheDeadlyWildfireinCaliforniA.B.TheTaxCutforAmericanTaxpayers.C.America'sImprovingEconomy.D.A.PowerLossinNorthAmericA.3.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.MisterBushdeclaredmajorcombatoperationoveronMayfirst.B.AllIraqiswerehappythatSaddamHussein'srulewasover.C.SaddamHusseinwascapturedbythecoalition.D.ThecoalitionhasfoundweaponsofmassdestructioninIraq.4.Allthemonthsarementionedinthepassageexcept________.A.JulyandSeptemberB.MarchandAprilC.JanuaryandJuneD.OctoberandDecember
ThetitleoflatestJamesBondfilmisSkyfall.ThefilmwasonintheUKon26October2012andintheUnitedStateson9November2012.Ithasbeen50yearssinceSeanConnerywasannouncedasthefirstmantoplayBondinthefilmnamedDrNo.DoyouexpectSkyfallwhichisthe23rdfilminthe007series?AtLondon’sCorinthiaHoteltheofficialgavealittleinformationaboutthestoryline:Bond’sloyalattitudetowardhisbossMissMwillbetestedwhenoneofherpaststaffcomesbacktohurther.AsMI6英国陆军情报六局isindanger007needstosolveproblemsandprotectMI6whateveritcosts.MendeswhowonabestdirectorOscarfor1999’sAmericanBeautytoldfansthatSkyfallwouldhaveallthefeaturesofaclassicBondmoviesuchasalotofaction.DanielCraigisbackforathirdtimeas007alongwithDameJudiDenchashisbossMissMsaidMendes.ManyfamousactorsandactresseswhohaveOscarwinsandnominations提名areincludedbutthefilm-makersremainkeepingtheirrolesinthefilmsecret.ProducersareshowingnosignsofcuttingoffthecostofSkyfall.Itisatthesamelevelasthe2008’sQuantumofSolacewhichcostabout$200m.ThefilmwillbemadeintheWhitehallScotlandChinaandTurkeyaswellasPinewoodStudiossaidaproducer.Whyhas007beenpopularforsolong?ProfessorJamesChapmanofLeicesterUniversitytheauthorofthebookACulturalHistoryoftheJamesBondFilmssaidTheymanagetoleteachnewfilmmeetthechangesnotjustinsocietybutinthepopulartasteoffilmculturE.ThatletseachgenerationgettheirownBonD.68.Thefirstfilmofthe007seriesis.A.AmericanBeautyB.QuantumofSolaceC.DrNoD.Skyfall69.WhichisTRUEabouttheactorsandactressesinSkyfall?A.Theyareallnewfacesforaudiences.B.Manyofthemhaveachievedalotinacting.C.Theyhaveplayedinallthefilmsofthe007series.D.TheyarefansofJamesBondandMendes.70.AccordingtoProfessorJamesChapmanwhatkeepsthe007filmspopularforsolong?A.Handsomeactorsandbeautifulactresses.B.Thegreatandexcitingactionscenes.C.Theinterestingstoryandthefamousdirector.D.Successfulchangesforeachgeneration.
Inthelastcoupleofyearstherehasbeenacrazeabouttime–travelingTVseriesinChinA.ThisyearitseemsliketheSouthKoreandramawritershavefalleninadeepnever-endinglovewiththetime–traveltrenD.RooftopPrinceAprincefromtheJoseonera18thcenturyLeeGakiscatapulted300yearsforwardintothefutureinSeoul2012withhisentourage随从whenhetriestoinvestigatethesuspiciouscircumstanceswhichsurroundthedeathofthewomanheloves.Inthepresenthefindsayoungwomanwholooksexactlylikehisbelovedcrownprincess.QueenIn-hyun’sManThedramasetduringtheJosenerafeaturestheheroKimBoong-doashetriestorestoretheexiledQueenIn-hyun.Itisinthistimeperiodheisgiventhetime-travelingpowerthattransportshimtothefutureworldwherehemakesfriendswithanactressplayingtheroleofQueenIn-hyunforadramainhertime.DrJinJinHyukisageniusneurosurgeon.ThroughamysteriouspowerJinfindshimselftransportedbackintime150years.Hebeginstreatingpeopletherebutthelackofequipmentandmedicalknowledgeoftheperiodforceshimtoseeknewwaystoaidthesick.ThroughthischallengingprocessJineventuallybecomesagenuinedoctor.OperationproposalKangBaek-horealizesthatheislovewithhisbestfriendHamYi-seulonthedayofherweddingtoanotherman.Hetravelsbackintimetovariouseventsoftheirliveshopingtochangetheoutcomeoftheirrelationship.WillKangbeabletochangethecourseoftheirfuture?21.WhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacecatapultedinParagraph2?A.capturedB.transportedC.traveledD.deserted22.WhatdothethreeTVserieshaveincommon?A.TheyareallaboutlovE.B.Theyalldescribewhathappenedinancienttimes.C.Theyareallbasedontruestories.D.Theyallfeaturetime–travel.23.Ifyouareinterestedinprince–and–princessstorywhichwillyoutuneinto?A.RooftopPrinceB.QueenIn-hyun’sManC.DrJinD.Operationproposal
WhenpeoplefirstwalkedacrosstheBeringLandBridgethousandsofyearsagodogswerebytheirsidesaccordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalSciencE.RobertWayneoftheUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngelesandJenniferLeonardoftheSmithsonianInstituteusedDNAmaterial—someofitunearthedbyminersinAlaska—toconcludethattoday’sdomesticdogoriginatedinAsiaandaccompaniedthefirsthumanstotheNewWorldabout10000to15000yearsago.Waynesuggeststhatman’sbestfriendmayhaveenabledthetoughjourneyfromAsiaintoNorthAmericA.DogsmayhavebeenthereasonpeoplemadeitacrossthelandbridgesaidWaynE.Theycanpullthingscarrythingsdefendyoufromfierceanimalsandthey’reusefultoeat.DogremainsfromaFairbanks-areagoldminehelpedthescientistsreachtheirconclusion.LeonardanevolutionarybiologistcollectedDNAfrom11bonesofancientdogsthatwerelockedinpermafrost永冻层untilFairbanksminersuncoveredtheminthe1920s.TheminersdonatedthepreservedbonestotheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCitywheretheyremaineduntouchedformorethan70years.AfterborrowingthebonesfromthemuseumLeonardandhercolleaguesusedradiocarbontechniquestofindtheageoftheAlaskadogs.Theyfoundthedogsalllivedbetweentheyearsof1450and1675A.D.beforeVitusBeringandAlekseyChirikovwhowerethefirstknownEuropeanstoviewAlaskain1741.ThebonesofdogsthatwanderedtheFairbanksareacenturiesagoshouldthereforebetheremainsofpurenativeAmericandogsLeonardsaiD.TheDNAoftheFairbanksdogswouldalsoexposewhethertheywerethedescendentsofwolvesfromNorthAmericA.LeonardandWayne’sstudysuggeststhatdogsjoinedthefirsthumansthatmadetheadventureacrosstheBeringLandBridgetoslowlypopulatetheAmericas.Waynethinksthedogsthatmadethetripmusthaveprovidedsomeexcellentservicetotheirhumancompanionsortheywouldnothavebeenbroughtalong.DogsmusthavebeenusefulbecausetheywereexpensivetokeepWaynesaiD.Theydidn’tfeedonmice;theyfedonmeatwhichwasaveryguardedresourcE.68.ThefirsthumansintotheNewWorldbroughtdogsalongwiththembecausedogs.A.keptpeoplecompanyB.wereeasytostayaliveC.helpedprotectthesuppliesD.offeredexcellentservice69.TheunderlinedwordremainsinParagraph3probablyrefersto.A.deadbodiesB.animalwasteC.leftoverfoodD.livingenvironment70.AccordingtothestudydescribedinParagraph3wecanlearnthat.A.ancientdogsenteredNorthAmericabetween1450and1675ADB.the11bonesofancientdogsarenotfromnativeAmericandogsC.thebonesstudiedwerenotfromdogsbroughtbyEuropeansD.thebonesfoundbythegoldminerswerefromAmericanwolves71.Thepassagemainlytalksabout.A.theDNAstudyofdogsinNorthAmericaB.theoriginoftheNorthAmericandogsC.whyancientpeoplebroughtdogstoAmericaD.thedifferencebetweenAsianandAmericandogs
In1693thephilosopherJohnLockewarnedthatchildrenshouldnotbegiventoomuchunhealthyfruittoeat.Threecenturieslatermisguidedideasaboutchild-raisingarestillpopular.ManyparentsfearthattheirchildrenwilldieunlessceaselesslywatcheD.InAmericathelawcanbeequallyparanoid偏执的.InSouthCarolinathismonthDebraHarrellwasjailedforlettingher9-year-olddaughterplayinaparkunsupervised无人监督的.Herseverepunishmentreflectstherichworld’sworryaboutparenting.Bymostobjectivemeasuresmodernparentsarefarmoreconscientious认真的thanpreviousgenerations.Dadsaremorehands-onthantheirfatherswereandworkingmothersspendmoretimenurturingtheirchildrenthanthehousewivesofthe1960sdiD.Howevertherearetwoproblemsinthispictureconnectedtoclass.OneisatthelowerenD.Evenifpoorparentsspendmoretimewiththeirchildrenthantheyoncedidtheyspendlessthanrichparentsdo.Americaisalaggardhere:itsgovernmentspendsabundantlyonschool-agekidsbutmuchlessthanotherrichcountriesonthefirsttwoorthreeyearsoflifE.IfAmericadidmoretohelppoorparentswithyoungchildrenitwouldhavehugereturns.Thesecondoneoccursattheotherendoftheincomescaleandmayevenapplytootherwiserational理性的Economistreaders:well-educatedrichparentstrytodotoomuch.Safetyispartofit—theyfearthatiftheyarenotconstantlywatchingtheirchildrenmaybreaktheirneckswhichistheleastrational.DespitetheimpressionyougetfromwatchingcrimedramaschildreninrichcountriesaresafesolongastheylookbothwaysbeforecrossingtheroaD.Theotherpopularparentalfear—thatyourchildrenmightnotgetintoanIvyLeaguecollege—ismorerational.AcademicsuccessmattersmorethaneverbeforE.ButbeyondacertainpointparentingmakeslessdifferencethanmanyparentsimaginE.StudiesinMinnesotaandSwedenforexamplefoundthatidenticaltwinsgrewupequallyintelligentwhethertheywereraisedtogetherorapart.A.studyinColoradofoundthatchildrenthatadoptedandraisedbybrainyparentsendedupnobrainierthanthoseadoptedbyaverageparents.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatparentingisirrelevant.Thefamilieswhoadoptchildrenarecarefullyscreenedsotheytendtobewarmcapableandmiddle-class.Butthetwinandadoptionstudiesindicatethatanychildgivenalovinghomeandadequatestimulationislikelytofulfillherpotential.Putanotherwaybetter-offparentscanaffordtorelaxabit.Andifyouarelessstressedyourchildrenwillappreciateitevenifyoustillmakethemeattheirfruitandvegetables.58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamisguidedideaofparentingmentionedinthepassage?A.C.hildrenshouldbeprotectedfromanydangersbytheirparentsB.ThemoreconscientiousparentsarethemorechildrenwillsurelybenefitfromparentingC.ChildrenwilldieunlessceaselesslywatchedD.Childrenarelikelytofulfilltheirpotentialwithalovinghomeandadequatestimulation59.TheunderlinedwordlaggardinParagraph2probablymeansacountrythat__________.A.isaheadindevelopmentB.fallsslowbehindothersC.isfreefromphysicalormentaldisorderD.movestoahigherposition60.Whichofthefollowingcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Onlywarmcapableandmiddle-classpeoplecanadoptachilD.B.Whenitcomestochild-raisingEconomistreaderswillbecomemorerational.C.Childreninrichcountriesareingreaterdangerduetothebadinfluenceofcrimedramas.D.Althoughpoorparentsspendmoretimewiththeirkidsthantheyoncedidtheyspendlessthanrichparentsdo.61.Thispassageismainlywrittento__________.A.urgeAmericanlawsconcerningparentingtobechangedB.advisemodernparentstolearnfromtheirpreviousgenerationsC.persuadestressedparentstolearntorelaxandgivemorefreedomtotheirchildrenD.callonthegovernmenttodomoretohelppoorparentswithschool-agechildren
ItwasDecember251914only5monthsintoWorldWarI.GermanBritishandFrenchsoldiersalreadysickandtiredofthesenselesskillingdisobeyedtheirsuperiorsandstartedsocialisingwiththeenemyalongtwo-thirdsoftheWesternFront.GermantroopsheldupChristmastreeswithsignsMerryChristmas.Thousandsoftroopsranacrossthebattlefieldscoveredwithdeadbodies.TheysangChristmassongsexchangedphotographsoflovedonesbackhomesharedfoodandevenplayedfootball.SoldiershuggedmentheyhadbeentryingtokillafewshorthoursbeforE.Theyagreedtowarneachotheriftheirofficersforcedthemtofiretheirweaponsandtoaimhigh.Fearranthroughthemilitaryleadersonbothsides.Theyfeltthattheirpowerwasbeingchallenged:soldiersdeclaringtheirbrotherhoodwitheachotherandrefusingtofight.Generalsdeclaredthisunexpectedpeacemakingillegalandsaidthatparticipatingsoldierswouldfaceamilitarycourt.Thosefoundguiltywouldbeimprisonedorevenshot.ByMarch1915thesocialisingmovementhadbeendestroyedandthekillingmachinewasbackinfulloperation.Overthenextthreeyearsmorethanfifteenmillionpeoplediedinthewar.NotmanypeoplehaveheardthestoryoftheChristmasTruce休战.OnChristmasDay1988alocalradiohostinBostonplayedChristmasintheTrenchesasongabouttheChristmasTruceseveraltimesandwasstunnedbyhislisteners’responsE.ThousandsofpeoplecalledinpraisingthesongwithmanymovedtotearsbytheamazingeventsitdescribeD.Youcanprobablyguesswhythecallerswereintears.TheChristmasTrucestorygoesagainstmostofwhatwehavebeentaughtaboutpeoplE.ItletsusseetheworldasitcanbeandsaysThisreallyhappenedoncE.ItshowsusthepotentialwehaveashumansandcontradictsallofthoseTVandnewspaperstoriesthattellushowmeanandheartlesspeoplearE.Itislikehearingthatourdeepestwishesreallyaretrue:theworldreallycanbedifferent.8.Thesoldiersbegansocialisingwiththeenemybecause________.A.theycouldn'tbearthemeaninglesskillingB.itwasthebestwaytoavoidbeingkilledC.theyfearedthattheywouldbecaughtD.theirenemieswerefromsimilarbackgrounds9.Howdidthegeneralsfinallyputanendtothesoldiers’socialising?A.Theysentthesoldiers’lovedonestoprison.B.Theymovedthetwogroupsofsoldiersfurtherapart.C.Theyincreasedthenumberofofficerstocontrolthesoldiers.D.Theywarnedthesoldiersthattheywouldfaceseverepunishment.10.TheunderlinedwordstunnedinParagraph4mostprobablymeans________.A.satisfiedB.shockedC.amusedD.confused11.Theauthorusesthestoryofthesoldierstoimplythathumanbeings________.A.arenottrustworthyunderstressB.arenaturallyaggressiveandwar-likeC.arebasicallycaringandkindheartedD.willalwaysdowhatisintheirownself-interest
AlthoughWuHuifeiwasonlyaconcubine妃子ofTangXuanzongAD685-762thesixthemperoroftheTangDynastyherinfluencewasfargreaterthanmostinherposition.HistorianssaythattherulerlovedhersomuchthatinAD724hebanishedhiswifeandmadeWuaroyalconcubinE.Althoughshewasonlyaconcubineshewastreatedasanempresswithpalaceetiquette礼节explainedShiXiaoqundirectorofrelicscollectionforShaanxiHistoryMuseum.TangXuanzongevenwantedtomakeherhisempressbutwasopposedbytheministers.TheemperorhadthousandsofconcubinesinhispalaceinChang'annowcalledXi'ancapitalofShaanxiprovincebutaccordingtoShiheonlylovedWuthemotherofsevenofhischildren.WudiedintheDecemberofAD737attheageof38andwasburiedinJinglingMausoleum.ShewasgiventhetitleEmpressZhenshunafterherdeath.It'srareforaconcubinetobegivensomuchposthumous死后获得的honorinthehistoryofChinesefeudal封建societysaidLiuDaiyunresearchdirectorattheShaanxiArchaeologicalResearchInstitutE.Hertomb---53meterswideby56meterslong---islocatedinthewestofPangliuvillagewhichispartofXi'an'sChang'andistrict.Therecoveredsarcophagus石棺is4meterslong2meterswideand2meterstallandisdecoratedwithflowersandmaidenfigureswhicharchaeologistssayisarareculturalrelicofhighscientifichistoricalandartisticvaluE.Inancienttimesasarcophaguswasusedtohousewoodcoffinsinordertopreservethebodyofthenobleperson.IknewitwaspreciousbutIdidn’tknowitwassobeautifulsaidHanQinglongwhoheadedtheteamthatbroughttherelicbacktoChinafouryearsafteritwasstolenandsoldabroadbytombraiders盗墓者.64.TheunderlinedwordbanishedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoA.killedB.removedC.divorcedD.persuaded65.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.A.thelifestoryofWuHuifei.B.thereasonwhyWuHuifeiwasfavouredbyTangXuanzongC.thescientifichistoricalandartisticvalueoftherecoveredsarcophagusofWuHuifei.D.theinfluenceofWuHuifeiandherposthumoushonor.66.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutWuHuifeiistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Shewasn’tmadeempressbyTangXuanzongbecauseoftheoppositionfromtheministers.B.Shewasbornin737ADanddiedin775AD.C.NootherwomanhasagreaterinfluenceonChinesehistorythanshedoes.D.Likemanyconcubinesshewasgivenmuchhonorafterherdeath.
In1800onlythreepercentoftheworld'spopulationlivedincities.Onlyonecity—Beijing—hadapopulationofoveramillion.Mostpeoplelivedinruralareasandneversawacityintheirlives.In1900justahundredyearslaterroughly150millionpeoplelivedincitiesandtheworld’stenlargestcitiesallhadpopulationsexceedingonemillion.By2000thenumberofcitydwellersexceededthreebillion;andin2008theworld'spopulationcrossedatippingpoint—morethanhalfofthepeopleonEarthlivedincities.By2050thatcouldincreasetoovertwo-thirds.Clearlyhumanshavebecomeanurbanspecies.Inthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanypeopleviewedcitiesnegatively—crowdeddirtyenvironmentsfullofdiseaseandcrimE.Theyfearedthatascitiesgotbiggerlivingconditionswouldworsen.InrecentdecadeshoweverattitudeshavechangeD.Manyexpertsnowthinkurbanization城市化isgoodnewsofferingsolutionstotheproblemsofEarth’sgrowingpopulation.HarvardeconomistEdwardGlaeserauthorofTheVictoryoftheCirisonesuchperson.Glaeserarguesthatcitiesareveryproductivebecausetheabsenceofspacebetweenpeoplereducesthecostoftransportinggoodspeopleandideas.Whiletheflowofgoodshasalwaysbeenimportanttocitieswhatismostimportanttodayistheflowofideas.Successfulcitiesenablepeopletolearnfromeachothereasilyandattractandrewardsmartpeoplewithhigherwages.AnotherurbanizationsupporterisenvironmentalistStewartBranD.Brandbelievescitieshelptheenvironmentbecausetheyallowhaftoftheworld’spopulationtoliveonaboutfourpercentofthelanD.ThisleavesmorespaceforopencountrysuchasfarmlanD.CitydwellersalsohavelessimpactperpersonontheenvironmentthanpeopleinthecountrysidE.TheirroadssewersandpowerlinesneedfewerresourcestobuildandoperatE.Cityapartmentsrequirelessenergytoheatcoolandlight.Mostimportantlypeopleincitiesdrivelesssotheyproducefewergreenhousegasesperperson.Soit’samistaketoseeurbanizationasevil;it’sanaturalpartofdevelopment.Thechallengeishowtomanagethegrowth.4.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Thehistoryofmoderncities.B.Changestakingplacewithincities.C.HowcitieshavegrownovertimE.D.Whymoderncitiesarechanging.5.Howhaveexperts’attitudestowardscitieschangedinrecentdecades?A.Theynowviewtheweaknessesasstrengths.B.Theynolongerseecity-rivingasattractivE.C.Theyacceptcitylifeinspiteofitsproblems.D.Theythinkcity-rivingprovidesmorebenefits.6.WhichofthefollowingwouldEdwardGlaeseragreewith?A.Citiesprovidemoreeconomicopportunities.B.Citypeoplegetalongbetterwitheachother.C.Over-crowdedcitiesresultinproblems.D.Citieslimittheflowofideas.7.AccordingtoParagraph4whatwouldbetheresultofmovingpeopleoutofcities?A.EconomicproductionwouldbereduceD.B.TherewouldbelessfarmlandavailablE.C.Peoplewouldtravellessfrequently.D.Housevalueswouldfallgreatly.
In1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternationalfestivalofmusicdanceandtheatreinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.AtthesametimetheFringeappearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival.Eighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin1947inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperformandtheydidsoinapublichousedisused废弃foryears.SoongroupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversityandlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridgeDurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatrebylittle-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.TodaytheFringeoncelessrecognizedhasfaroutgrown长得过thefestivalwitharound1500performancesoftheatremusicanddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyearsearlyas1959withonly19theatregroupsperformingsomesaiditwasgettingtoobig.A.paidadministrator管理员wasfirstemployedonlyin1971andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundandthenumberrisesto150duringAugustitself.In2004therewere200placeshousing1695showsbyover600differentgroupsfrom50differentcountries.Morethan125millionticketsweresolD.12.WhatwasthepurposeofEdinburghFestivalathebeginning?A.TobringEuropetogetheragain.B.TohonorheroesofWorldWar11.C.Tointroduceyoungtheatregroups.D.ToattractgreatartistsfromEuropE.13.WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatregroupscometoEdinburghin1947?A.TheyownedapublichousetherE.B.TheycametotakeupachallengE.C.Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.D.Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.14.WhojoinedtheFringeafteritappeared?A.theyownedapublichousethereB.Universitystudents.C.trustsfromaroundtheworlD.D.PerformersofmusicanddancE.15.WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinburghFestival__________.A.hasbecomeanon-officialeventB.hasgonebeyondanartfestivalC.givesshowsallyearroundD.keepsgrowingrapidly
Perhapswe’llalwaysbefoolswhenitcomestofiguringouttheoriginsofAprilFool’sDay.Somehistorianssayithassomethingtodowiththechangeofthecalendar.Otherssaythat’scompletenonsense---ithastodowiththechangeoftheseasons.Regardlessofhowitstartedithasdevelopedintothesilliestdayoftheyear.ThehistoryofAprilFool’sDayisn’tclearbutsomebelieveitbeganinFrancearound1582withthereformofthecalendarunderCharlesIX.TheGregoriancalendarwasintroducedmovingNewYear’sDaytoJanuary1stinsteadofthepreviousmarch25—April1.Becausenewstraveledslowlysomepeopleknewnothingaboutthechangesofseveralyears.StillothersrefusedtoacknowledgethechangeandcontinuedtocelebrateitonthelastdayoftheformercelebrationApril1.Thesepeoplewerecalledfools.Butmaybeit’sjustthattimeoftheyear---theturnofwintertospring---thatmakeseveryoneabitexcitedandreadyforsomefun.AfteralltheRomanshadafestivalnamedHilariathatfellonMarch25th.TodayAprilFool’sDayhasspreadthroughoutmuchoftheworldwithculturesgivingtheirownideaontheday.Here’salookatsomeofthesilliness.InEnglandjokesareonlyplayedinthemorning.Itisconsideredbadlucktoplayapracticaljokeonsomeoneintheafternoon.InScotlandAprilFool’sDayiscelebratedovertwodaysandisalsoknownasAprilGawk.Theseconddayofthecelebrationinvolvestricks.ItisknownasTailyDay.InPortugalAprilFool’sDayiscelebratedontheSundayorMondaybeforeLent大斋期.Trickstersthrowflouratfriends.AndAmerica?Anythinggoes.Fromsimplesillyliestocomplextricks.WhatisyourfavoriteAprilFool’sjoke?60.AsfortheoriginsofAprilFool’sDay________.A.almostnoonetakesinterestinitB.opinionsarewidelydividedC.itisduetothecalendarchangeD.thehistoriansthinkitmeaningless61.Somepeoplewerecalledfoolsbecause________.A.they’renotwellinformedaboutnewthingsB.theydidn’tknowthechangesforcalendarC.theyheldfirmlyontotheirownviewsD.theyweretiredoftheFrenchlifestyle62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage__________.A.thewholeworldcelebratesAprilFooltogetherB.differentcelebrationsareforAprilFool’sDayC.theAmericanstendtomakefunoftheirfriendsD.thePortugueseobserveFool’sDayeverySunday
Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir回忆录ofRalphW.TylerwhoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902broughtupandschooledinNebraskathe19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddandW.W.Charterswhoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownnationalityin1938whenhecarriedhisworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromOhioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciencesatStanfordapositionheheldforfourteenyears.Therehefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbefreetoseekanindependent独立的spiritintheirwork.AlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967heneveractuallyretireD.HeservedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroaD.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadviseteachersandmanagementpeopleonhowtosetobjectives目标thatdevelopthebestteachingandlearningwithintheirschools.28.Tylerissaidtohaveneveractuallyretiredbecause____________.A.hedevelopedanewmethodoftestingB.hecalledforfreespiritinresearchC.hewasstillactiveingivingadviceD.hestillledtheEight-YearStudy
In1960KhrushchevheadedagrouptovisitIndonesiaandwaswarmlytreatedbyhishosts.OnceinJakartathehoststreatedthegueststoaspecialfruitthedurian榴莲果.PresidentSukarnopickedonetookabiteandhandedittoKhrushchev.JustthenKhrushchevnoticedthatalltheIndonesianspresentwerestaringathimwhispering.Obviouslysomethingfunnywasgoingtohappen.Puzzledhetookoverthefruitandimmediatelyaveryterriblesmellattackedhisnosewhichnearlymadehimsick.BeingagoodguesthebracedhimselfupandtookasmallbitewithgreatcarE.Tohissurprisehefoundthefruittobeuncommonlydelicious.Hewassoimpressedbythisstrangefruitthathedecidedtolethiscolleagues同事inMoscowhaveatasteofittoo.SohesentbyaironeshareforeachmemberofthePresidium.TheplanewastopassNewDehliandKabulandKhrushchevdidn'tforgethisfriendsinIndiaandAfghanistan.HealsowantedPrimeMinisterNehruandthekingofAfghanistantotastethisfruit.WhenKhrushchevreturnedtoMoscowhiscolleaguesallthankedhimforhiskindgiftsbutatthesametimetheypointedoutthateitherbecausetheplanemusthavebeendelayedonthewayorbecauseofsomeotherreasonsallthefruithadgonebaD.Theyhadtothrowthemawaybecausetheygaveoutanawfulsmell.LaterKhrushchevreceivedsimilarmessagesofthanksfromhisfriendsinIndiaandAfghanistanonlythemessagesweremoreskillfullywordeD.56.WhatdidKhrushchevnoticewhenSukarnopresentedaduriantohim?A.Thefruithadasweetsmell.B.Hebecamethecentreofthepeople'sattention.C.HewasmadefunofbytheIndonesians.D.TherewassomethingwrongwithhisnosE.57.Whichofthefollowingstatementscandescribethespecialfruit?A.Ugly-lookingbutextremelytasty.B.Unpleasanttonosebutdelicioustomouth.C.Uncommonlydeliciousandsweet.D.Notonlydeliciousbutalsogood-looking.58.WhydidKhrushchevdecidetosenddurianstohiscolleagues?A.Hewantedtomakefunofthem.B.Toshowhiskindnessandconsideration.C.Toseewhetherhiscolleagueswouldlikethetasteofit.D.Hewasimpressedbythefruitsohewantedhiscolleaguestotasteittoo.59.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThefruitdurianisuncommonlydeliciousbuteasytogobaD.B.AlldeliciousfruitscanbeacceptedatoncebyvariouspeoplE.C.Hiscolleaguesandfriendsdidn'tknowthetasteofthefruit.D.Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.
Ifyouandyourfriendswishtoshareasecretyoucanwriteitincodeandnooneelsewillbeabletoreadit.Codesareonewayofwritinginsecret.Ciphers密码areanother.Inacodeeachwordiswrittenasasecretcodewordorcodenumber.InaciphereachletterischangeD.CodesandciphershaveplayedanimportantroleinthehistoryoftheworlD.JuliusCaesartheRomanrulerwhodefeatedalmostallthecountriesinEuropeabout2000yearsagousedacipherwhenhesentsecretmessagestohistroops.DuringtheAmericanRevolutionGeorgeWashington'sspiesusedakindofcodetosendhiminformationabouttheenemybeforehismilitaryaction.InWorldWarⅡtheAmericansbrokeorfiguredoutJapan'smostimportantnavalcodesandgotenoughinformationtodestroyapowerfulJapanesefleet舰队.Storekeepersusecodestomarktheirgoods.Thecodesshowhowmuchwaspaidforthegoodsorwhentheywereaddedtothestock.Businessmenusecodestohideplansfromtheirbusinessenemies.SometimespersonallettersordiariesarewrittenincodE.Manypeopleenjoyfiguringoutcodesandcipherssimplyasahobby.Inthe16thcenturycodesandcipherswereverypopularamongscientists.Theywrotemessagestoeachotherincodesothatnooneelsewouldlearntheirsecrets.GeronimoGardanoanItalianastrologer占星家mathematiciananddoctorinventedthetrelliscipher.HetooktwosheetsofpaperandcutexactlythesameholesineachonE.Thenhesentonesheetwhichhecalledatrellistoafriendandkepttheotherforhimself.Wheneverhewantedtowriteamessageheputhistrellisoveracleansheetofpaperandwrotethesecretmessagethroughtheholes.ThenheremovedthetrellisandfilledtherestofthepaperwithwordsthatwouldmakesensE.WhenhisfriendreceiveditheputhistrellisoverthewritingandreadthesecretmessagE.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtrellismean?A.A.pieceofpaperwithmanysmallholes.B.A.machinewithalotofsmallholes.C.A.letterwithunreadablewordsandsentences.D.A.sheetofpaperwithgroupsofArabicfigures.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cipherscanbebrokenorfiguredoutmoreeasilythancodes.B.YoucouldreadsomewordsinGeronimo'sletterwithouthistrellis.C.ThefirstpersonwhoeverusedacipherinhistorywasJuliusCaesar.D.Fondnessofusingcodeswasthehobbyofthescientistsinthe16thcentury.3.Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.CodesandCiphersB.DifferencesbetweenCodesandCiphersC.HistoryofCodesandCiphersD.InventorsofCodesandCiphers
FlorenceNightingalewasbornonMay12th1820inFlorenceItaly.Shewasborntoawealthyandwell-educatedEnglishfamily.WhenshewasyoungshebecameinterestedincaringforthesickandwantedtoworkinnursingbutherparentswouldnotallowhertobeanursE.Theyexpectedhertogetmarriedandliveatraditionalwoman’slifE.HoweverNightingalehadmadeuphermindsoherparentshadtogivein.ShetraveledthroughoutEuropeduringherearlyyearsandlearnedmanylanguagesincludingGreekLatinFrenchandItalian.Shealsovisitedmanyofthehospitalsinthesecitiesandtookmanynotesofthesanitary卫生的conditionsinthesehospitals.In1849shetraveledtoEuropetostudytheEuropeanhospitalsystem.In1854sheworkedasamanagerattheHospitalforIn-validGentlewomeninLondon.ThefollowingyeartheCrimeanWar克里米亚战争brokeout.Florenceled38nursesandtraveledtoScutaritohelpthewoundedsoldiers.Whentheyarrivedtheretheyfoundthehospitalconditionswereverypoor.ManyofthewoundeddidnothavebedsandwerelyingonthegrounD.Florenceandhernursesmanagedtoimprovetheconditions.Florencealsocaredaboutthesocialwelfareofthesoldiersandwouldvisitthemduringthenightafterevery-oneelsehadgonetosleep.ShewasreferredtoasTheLadywiththeLamp.In1860shefoundedtheNightingaleSchoolfornursesatStThomas’HospitalinLondon.OncethenursesweretrainedtheyweresenttohospitalsalloverBritainwheretheyintroducedwhattheyhadlearnt.Nightingale’sconcernsforsanitationmilitary军队的healthandhospitalplanningpracticesarestillinexistencetoday.Shediedonthe13thAugust1910.46.Whatarewetoldinthepassage?A.Nightingalehadthesamenameasthecityofherbirth.B.Nightingale’sparentssupportedherdecisionsallthetimE.C.Nightingaledidn’twanttomarry.D.Nightingaleonlyvisitedthewoundedatnight.47.AtleasthowmanylanguagesdidNightingaleknow?A.2B.3C.4D.548.WhatwasthepurposeofNightingale’striptoEuropein1849?A.Tolearnmanylanguages.B.TostudythehospitalsystemtherE.C.ToexaminethehospitalstherE.D.TomanagethehospitalstherE.49.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Nightingalewastheonlywomanwhofoundedtheschoolfornursesinhistory.B.ItwasthewarthathelpedNightingaleachievehergoals.C.Nightingale’sideasaffectedBritaingreatly.D.Nightingalewas80whenshedieD.
Fromtheearliesttimesmanhasbeeninterestedinart.Peoplehaveoftenworkedtogethertocollectandsavetheworld'sarttreasures.FinearttreasuresfrommanycountriesarekeptinanartmuseumcalledtheLouvreinParisFrance.TheworksofarthavebeencollectedbythepeopleofFranceovermanycenturies.TheLouvrehasnotalwaysbeenamuseum.Thefirstbuildingwasafort炮台.In1190itwastheking'scastlewithhighwallsandaroundtower.Ithadamoattokeepouthisenemies.Overtheyearsthenumberofbuildingsaroundthecastlegrew.By1350thecastlewasnolongerneededasafort.TheLouvrebecameapalacehomeforFrenchkingsandqueens.Duringtimesofpeacenewtreasureswerebroughtin.Duringdaysofwarmanytreasureswerestolenandthebuildingsweredamaged.WhenFrancisIbecamekingofFrancein1515hebroughtinartistsfrommanycountries.OneoftheartistswasLeonardodaVincifromItaly.DaVinci'sMonaLisaisthebestknownpaintinginthemuseumtoday.In1793theLouvrebecameapublicmuseumjustasitisnow.Itisaplacewherearttreasureshavebeensavedforeveryonetoenjoy.56.Onthewholethispassageismainlyabout____..A.anartmuseumcalledtheLouvreB.anItalianartistnamedLeonardodaVinciC.akingofFrancenamedFrancisID.thebestknownpaintinginLouvre57.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueA.TheLouvreusedtobeafortaverylongtimeago.B.Frenchkingsandqueensoncelivedinit.C.TheLouvrewastakenbyenemiesin1190.D.ManytreasureswerebroughtintotheLouvreovertheyears.58.WhyisitgoodforgreatarttobekeptinpublicmuseumsA.IthelpspeoplerememberwhotheKingofFranceis.B.Itkeepspeopleoutofthepalaces.C.Itgiveseveryoneachancetoenjoygoodart.D.Ithelpspeopletoknowwhoisthegreatestartist.59.Fromthepassageweknowthat_____.A.itisnotpossiblefortreasurestobestolenB.oldfortsalwaysmakethebestmuseumsC.greatartshouldbesharedwithallthepeopleD.kingFrancisIofFrancebroughtinartistsfromanoldfort60.Inthethirdparagraphthewordmoatprobablymeans_____.A.ahightowerbuiltinformertimeswheresoldierswatchedoutforenemiesB.alonganddeepditchdugroundacastleandwasusuallyfilledwithwaterC.acartpulledbyhorsesonwhichsoldiersfoughtD.alongandhighwallaroundcastle
Forcenturiespeoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Othershoweverthinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infactmanyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.BeforemoderntimesmanypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGoD.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologistSigmundFreudwasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.HebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelingsthoughtsandfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallifE.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungonceastudentofFreud's.Junghoweverbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexamplepeoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhandpeoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.ForexamplepsychologistWilliamDomhofffromUCSCtheUniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruzbelievesthatdreamingisamental精神的skillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AnotherpsychologistAdamSchneideralsofromUCSChasfoundthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexamplethepeopleinmen’sdreamsareoftenothermenandthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.Howeveronethingtheyagreeonisthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccuryoushouldn'tpaniC.ThedreammayhavemeaningbutitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplacE.32.Beforethe1900s______.A.peopleconsidereddreamsmeaninglessB.therewerenoscientificstudiesofdreamsC.psychologistshadnoideaaboutdreamsD.dreamswerethoughttohappenonlyatnight33.WecaninferfromCarlJung’sresearchthat_______.A.hedisagreedwithFreud’sideaaboutdreamsB.dreamsareanexpressionofaperson’swishesC.heprovedthatFreud’sideaaboutdreamswastrueD.howpeoplethinkofthemselvesisaffectedbytheirdreams34.Whofoundaconnectionbetweendreamsandage?A.CarlJungB.AdamSchneiderC.SigmundFreudD.WilliamDomhoff35.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.What’sDream?B.AreDreamsReal?C.FamousDreamPsychologistsD.Dreams’InfluencesonPeople’sLife
TheWhiteTowerwasstartedin1076andcompletedin1079.Itwastheoldestofthe20towerswhichusedtostandherE.TheTowerofLondonwasfirstbuiltbyWilliamtheconqueror胜利者toprotectandcontrolthecity.Todayitisthemostpopulartouristsightandattractsoverthreemillionvisitorsayear.ItwassometimesusedasapalacefortheKingsandQueensofEnglanduntilthetimeofJamesIbutisbestknownasaprisonandexecution执行死刑placE.WithinthewallsoftheTowerprinceshavebeenmurderedspiesshotandQueenskilleD.OneofthemostfamousexecutionswasthatofAnnBoleynin1536.Shewaskilledbecauseshecouldn'tgiveHenryVIIIason.TheTowerwasalsothescene场所ofoneofLondon'smostfamousmysteriesknownasthemysteryoftheprincesintheTower.EdwardIVdiedin1483.Histwosonswereleft.HisbrotherRichardbroughtEdwardIV'stwosonsweretotheTower.TheiruncleannouncedhehimselfwasthenewkingandaskedthepeopletocallhimRichardIII.AfterthatthetwoboysdisappeareD.ItwassaidthatthetwosonsweremurderedattheorderoftheirunclE.1.TheTowerofLondon________.A.wasstartedinthetenthcenturyandfinishedintheeleventhcenturyB.wasbuilttoprotectandcontrolLondonC.wasfirstputupbyJamesD.istheoldesttowerintheworld2.TodaytheTowerofLondon________.A.isbestknownaspalaceB.attractslessthanthreemilliontouristsayearC.isvisitedbymorethan3000000visitorsayearD.isvisitedbyfewerthan3000000visitorsayear3.TheTowerwasusedasapalace_______.A.tillthetimeofJamesIB.untilthetimeofWilliamtheConquerorC.afterJamesIcametopowerD.whenJamesIcametopower4.TheTowerisbestknownas_______.A.apalaceB.atouristsightC.awarfieldD.aprisonandexecutionplace5.AnnBoleynwasputtodeathbecauseshe________.A.didn'tgetonwellwithHenryVIIIB.couldn'tgivebirthC.couldn'tgiveHenryVIIIasonD.turnedagainstherhusband
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