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Not being able to speak English, they felt rather ______ in the US
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Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagewellisagreatwhenyou
advantage
chance
assistant
importance
Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreatwhe
chance
success
interest
advantage
NotbeingabletospeakEnglishtheyfeltrather______inth
strange
puzzled
alone
lonely
Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagewellisagreat______w
advantage
chance
assistant
importance
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A.Try110please. B.Farfromit. C.Twoorthreedays. D.Twiceaweek. E.Holdthelineplease. F.Heeatstoomuch. G.Missthetrain. H.Changehermind. Pat:CanIspeaktoMr.BakerpleaseJane:
—Whatdidthechildrendoinschool—Theirteacher______ashorttalkabouttheirholiday.
PassageFour4 ItwasMondayMrs.Smith’sdogwashungrybuttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse. ConsideringthattherewasnobetterwayMrs.Smithtookapieceofpaperandwrotethefollowingwordsonit"Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat."Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently"Takethistothebutcher卖肉者andhe’sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday." Holdingthepieceofpaperinitsmouththedograntothebutcher’sshop.Itgavethepapertothebutcher.Thebutcherreaditcarefullyrecognizedthatitwasreallythelady’shandwritingandpresentlydidashewasaskedto.Thedogwasveryhappyandatethemeatupimmediately. Atmidday正午thedogcametotheshopagain.Itgavethebutcherapieceofpaperagain.Afterreadingithegaveithalfapoundofmeatoncemore. Thenextdaythedogcameagainexactlyatmidday.Andasusualitbroughtapieceofpaperin.themouth.Thistimethebutcherdidnottakealookatthepaperandgavethedogitsmeatforhehadregardedthedogasoneofhiscustomers. Butthedogcameagainatfouro’clock.Andthesamethinghappenedonceagain.Tothebutcher’smoresurpriseitcameforthethirdtimeatsixo’clockandbroughtwithitathirdpieceofpaper.Thebutcherfeltabitpuzzled.Hesaidtohimself"Thisisasmalldog.WhydoesMrs.Smithgiveitsomuchmeattoeattoday" Lookingatthepiece’ofpaperhefoundthattherewerenotanywordsonit! Attheendofthestoryyou'llfindthat
Humanskinisverythinontheeyelidandquitethickonthe______ofthefoot.
Hawthornedifferedfromotherwriters______hesawthepotentialconsequencesofalldecisionsresultingineitherregenerationorpunishment.
A．one B．son C．alone D．front
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 31
PassageFour4 ItwasMondayMrs.Smith’sdogwashungrybuttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse. ConsideringthattherewasnobetterwayMrs.Smithtookapieceofpaperandwrotethefollowingwordsonit"Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat."Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently"Takethistothebutcher卖肉者andhe’sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday." Holdingthepieceofpaperinitsmouththedograntothebutcher’sshop.Itgavethepapertothebutcher.Thebutcherreaditcarefullyrecognizedthatitwasreallythelady’shandwritingandpresentlydidashewasaskedto.Thedogwasveryhappyandatethemeatupimmediately. Atmidday正午thedogcametotheshopagain.Itgavethebutcherapieceofpaperagain.Afterreadingithegaveithalfapoundofmeatoncemore. Thenextdaythedogcameagainexactlyatmidday.Andasusualitbroughtapieceofpaperin.themouth.Thistimethebutcherdidnottakealookatthepaperandgavethedogitsmeatforhehadregardedthedogasoneofhiscustomers. Butthedogcameagainatfouro’clock.Andthesamethinghappenedonceagain.Tothebutcher’smoresurpriseitcameforthethirdtimeatsixo’clockandbroughtwithitathirdpieceofpaper.Thebutcherfeltabitpuzzled.Hesaidtohimself"Thisisasmalldog.WhydoesMrs.Smithgiveitsomuchmeattoeattoday" Lookingatthepiece’ofpaperhefoundthattherewerenotanywordsonit! Fromitsexperiencethedogfoundthat
PassageFour4 ItwasMondayMrs.Smith’sdogwashungrybuttherewasnotanymeatinthehouse. ConsideringthattherewasnobetterwayMrs.Smithtookapieceofpaperandwrotethefollowingwordsonit"Givemydoghalfapoundofmeat."Thenshegavethepapertoherdogandsaidgently"Takethistothebutcher卖肉者andhe’sgoingtogiveyouyourlunchtoday." Holdingthepieceofpaperinitsmouththedograntothebutcher’sshop.Itgavethepapertothebutcher.Thebutcherreaditcarefullyrecognizedthatitwasreallythelady’shandwritingandpresentlydidashewasaskedto.Thedogwasveryhappyandatethemeatupimmediately. Atmidday正午thedogcametotheshopagain.Itgavethebutcherapieceofpaperagain.Afterreadingithegaveithalfapoundofmeatoncemore. Thenextdaythedogcameagainexactlyatmidday.Andasusualitbroughtapieceofpaperin.themouth.Thistimethebutcherdidnottakealookatthepaperandgavethedogitsmeatforhehadregardedthedogasoneofhiscustomers. Butthedogcameagainatfouro’clock.Andthesamethinghappenedonceagain.Tothebutcher’smoresurpriseitcameforthethirdtimeatsixo’clockandbroughtwithitathirdpieceofpaper.Thebutcherfeltabitpuzzled.Hesaidtohimself"Thisisasmalldog.WhydoesMrs.Smithgiveitsomuchmeattoeattoday" Lookingatthepiece’ofpaperhefoundthattherewerenotanywordsonit! Mrs.Smithtreatedherlittledogquite
Sinceyouneedtocatchanearlytraintomorrowmorningwe______now.
He'sworkinghardforfearthathe______.
A.Try110please. B.Farfromit. C.Twoorthreedays. D.Twiceaweek. E.Holdthelineplease. F.Heeatstoomuch. G.Missthetrain. H.Changehermind. Henry:HowlongareyouplanningtostayAnn:
PassageFive5 WhichofyourtwohandsdoyouusemoreVeryfewofuscanusebothhandsequallywell.Mostofusareright-handed.Onlyaboutfivepeopleoutofahundredareleft-handed.New-bornbabiescantakeholdofthingswitheitheroftheirhandsbut.inabouttwoyearstheyusuallyusetheirrighthands.Scientistshavefoundthatmonkeysliketouseoneoftheirhandsmorethantheotherbutitcanbeeitherhand.Thereareasmanyright-handedmonkeysasthereareleft-handedones.Nexttimewhenyouvisitazooyou’llseethatsomeofthemwillusetheirrighthandsandotherswillusetheirlefthands.Butmostofthepeopleusetheirrighthandsbetterandthismakeslifedifficultforthoseleft-handedpeople.Weliveinaright-handedworld. Mostofusareright-handedand
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 25
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 27
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 39
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 35
PassageFive5 WhichofyourtwohandsdoyouusemoreVeryfewofuscanusebothhandsequallywell.Mostofusareright-handed.Onlyaboutfivepeopleoutofahundredareleft-handed.New-bornbabiescantakeholdofthingswitheitheroftheirhandsbut.inabouttwoyearstheyusuallyusetheirrighthands.Scientistshavefoundthatmonkeysliketouseoneoftheirhandsmorethantheotherbutitcanbeeitherhand.Thereareasmanyright-handedmonkeysasthereareleft-handedones.Nexttimewhenyouvisitazooyou’llseethatsomeofthemwillusetheirrighthandsandotherswillusetheirlefthands.Butmostofthepeopleusetheirrighthandsbetterandthismakeslifedifficultforthoseleft-handedpeople.Weliveinaright-handedworld. Weliveinaright-handedworld.Itmeans
A．touch B．punch C．arch D．technique
Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Thetwobabiesweredeliberatelykeptfromadults______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 37
A.Try110please. B.Farfromit. C.Twoorthreedays. D.Twiceaweek. E.Holdthelineplease. F.Heeatstoomuch. G.Missthetrain. H.Changehermind. John:Howoftendoyougot9thelibraryAlice:
Leavingthemarketplacethefatmanlookedpleased______himself______havingdiscoveredabargain.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 21
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 29
—Idowanttofirehim.—Butyouwon'tdoit______
A．plane B．stand C．land D．can
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 23
Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Theauthorthinksthattheking’sexperiment______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 33
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