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Global Warming ? ?Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world...
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GlobalWarming Fewpeoplenowquestiontherealityofglo
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present the results from two research models.
appeal to people to take adaptation as priority.
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{{*HTML*}}AutomaticDoorsinEgypt??WhenyounextstepthroughthedoorsofasupermarketspareathoughtforHeronatalentedspecialistofancienthightechengineering.NearlytwothousandyearsagohedesignedautomaticallyopeningdoorsforthetemplesoftheEgyptiancityofAlexandna.??Heronhadatalentfordesigningmechanicalwonderstosurprisepeopleandmakepeoplehappy.?46?wasagifttotheEgyptianpriestswhoforcenturieshadusedwondermechanicalorotherwiseasawayofstrengtheningtheirauthority.??EmployingrelativelysimplemechanicalprinciplesHerondevisedameans?47?asifbyunseenhands--whenthepriestlitafireonthealtaroutsidethetemple.Thefireheatedtheairinametalglobeplacedbeneaththealtarforeignthewaterinitthroughapipeintoanenormousbucket.Thebucketwassuspendedbychainsfromasystemofweightsandpulleyswhichturnedthedoorsontheirpivotsasthebucketbecameheavier.??Asecondsurprisetookplacewhenthealtarfirewasputout.?48?thewaterwassuckedtheotherwaythroughthepipe.Whenthebucketemptieditwentupwardmakingthepulleysystemmoveinreverseandthedoorsclosedagain.??AnotherdesignincludedinHeron’swritingscouldmakeatrumpetblowwhenthetempledoorsopened--acombinationofmusicaldoorbellandburglaralarm.??Thereneedbelittledoubtthattheautomatic-doorsystemdescribedbyHeronwasactuallyusedinEgyptiantemplesand?49?Heronhimselfreferredinpassingtoasimilarsystemusedbyotherengineers..SomeinsteadofwaterusequicksilvermercuryUsingmercury?50?wouldcertainlyhavemadeitmoreefficient.A.wherebythedoorsofasmalltemplewouldopenB.possiblyelsewhereintheGreco--Roman希腊—罗马的worldC.HisdesignforautomatictempledoorsD.becauseofthequickheatingoftheairinsidetheglobe??E?insteadofwaterinamachinesimilartoHeron’sdesign??F?Asaresultofthesuddencoolingoftheairintheglobe
{{*HTML*}}TellingTalesaboutPeople??Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfictionandonethatmanypeopleenjoyreadingisstoriesaboutpeople’slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiographymemoirandbiography.??Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson’slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththeperson’searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.?Howevertheyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.?OtherwriterssuchasJamesJoycehavewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographiesbuttheyareveryclosetoit.??Memoirsstrictlyspeakingareautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.?Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.?Recentlythoughthetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeablewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.??Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse’slife.Inmanysensesthesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofapersonnotonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby______
{{*HTML*}}TellingTalesaboutPeople??Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfictionandonethatmanypeopleenjoyreadingisstoriesaboutpeople’slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:autobiographymemoirandbiography.??Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson’slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththeperson’searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.?Howevertheyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.?OtherwriterssuchasJamesJoycehavewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographiesbuttheyareveryclosetoit.??Memoirsstrictlyspeakingareautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.?Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.?Recentlythoughthetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeablewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.??Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse’slife.Inmanysensesthesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofapersonnotonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.HelenKellerwrote______
{{*HTML*}}A.occursmostinfrequentlyB.isshiftedsidewaysbystrongwindsC.isoftenhiddenfromourviewD.isequippedwithagoodknowledgeofvariousformsoflightning??E?isestimatedat20millionsayear??F?ispositivelychargedInmostcasesofcloud-to-groundlightningtheground’ssurface______
{{*HTML*}}A.occursmostinfrequentlyB.isshiftedsidewaysbystrongwindsC.isoftenhiddenfromourviewD.isequippedwithagoodknowledgeofvariousformsoflightning??E?isestimatedat20millionsayear??F?ispositivelychargedCloudlightninglookslikearibbonwhenitslightningchannel______
{{*HTML*}}ForecastingMethods??Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.ThemethodaforecasterchoosesdependsUpontheexperienceoftheforecastertheamountofinformationavailabletotheforecasterthelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresentsandthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.??Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Forexampleifitissunnyand87degreetodaythepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreetomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltodaythepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.?Howeverifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytodaythepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.??Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfrontshighandlowpressurecentersandareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformationtheforecastercanpredictwhereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Forexampleifastormsystemis1000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperdaysuingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.iftheyslowdownspeedupchangeintensityorchangedirectionthetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.??Theclimatologymethodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolvesaveragingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyearstomaketheforecast.Forex-ampleifyouwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherfornewYorkCityonJuly4thyouwouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothatexpectedforthechosentimeofyear.ifthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyeartheclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.??Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolvesexaminingtoday’sforecastscenarioandrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolookedverysimilarananalog.Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationstheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.WhatfactorisNOTmentionedinchoosingaforecastingmethod?______
{{*HTML*}}WiththeestablishmentoftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyintheUnitedStatestheenvironmentallobbybecamemoreovertlypolitical.
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}AutomaticDoorsinEgypt??WhenyounextstepthroughthedoorsofasupermarketspareathoughtforHeronatalentedspecialistofancienthightechengineering.NearlytwothousandyearsagohedesignedautomaticallyopeningdoorsforthetemplesoftheEgyptiancityofAlexandna.??Heronhadatalentfordesigningmechanicalwonderstosurprisepeopleandmakepeoplehappy.?46?wasagifttotheEgyptianpriestswhoforcenturieshadusedwondermechanicalorotherwiseasawayofstrengtheningtheirauthority.??EmployingrelativelysimplemechanicalprinciplesHerondevisedameans?47?asifbyunseenhands--whenthepriestlitafireonthealtaroutsidethetemple.Thefireheatedtheairinametalglobeplacedbeneaththealtarforeignthewaterinitthroughapipeintoanenormousbucket.Thebucketwassuspendedbychainsfromasystemofweightsandpulleyswhichturnedthedoorsontheirpivotsasthebucketbecameheavier.??Asecondsurprisetookplacewhenthealtarfirewasputout.?48?thewaterwassuckedtheotherwaythroughthepipe.Whenthebucketemptieditwentupwardmakingthepulleysystemmoveinreverseandthedoorsclosedagain.??AnotherdesignincludedinHeron’swritingscouldmakeatrumpetblowwhenthetempledoorsopened--acombinationofmusicaldoorbellandburglaralarm.??Thereneedbelittledoubtthattheautomatic-doorsystemdescribedbyHeronwasactuallyusedinEgyptiantemplesand?49?Heronhimselfreferredinpassingtoasimilarsystemusedbyotherengineers..SomeinsteadofwaterusequicksilvermercuryUsingmercury?50?wouldcertainlyhavemadeitmoreefficient.A.wherebythedoorsofasmalltemplewouldopenB.possiblyelsewhereintheGreco--Roman希腊—罗马的worldC.HisdesignforautomatictempledoorsD.becauseofthequickheatingoftheairinsidetheglobe??E?insteadofwaterinamachinesimilartoHeron’sdesign??F?Asaresultofthesuddencoolingoftheairintheglobe
{{*HTML*}}ThecaliberofF.ScottFitzgerald'swritingwasreassessedbyliterarycriticsinthe1950's.
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}Suchessentiallydifferentstimuluscolddrugsandgriefcanprovokeidenticalchemicalreactionsinthebody.
{{*HTML*}}ForecastingMethods??Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.ThemethodaforecasterchoosesdependsUpontheexperienceoftheforecastertheamountofinformationavailabletotheforecasterthelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresentsandthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.??Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Forexampleifitissunnyand87degreetodaythepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreetomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltodaythepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.?Howeverifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytodaythepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.??Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfrontshighandlowpressurecentersandareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformationtheforecastercanpredictwhereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Forexampleifastormsystemis1000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperdaysuingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.iftheyslowdownspeedupchangeintensityorchangedirectionthetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.??Theclimatologymethodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolvesaveragingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyearstomaketheforecast.Forex-ampleifyouwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherfornewYorkCityonJuly4thyouwouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothatexpectedforthechosentimeofyear.ifthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyeartheclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.??Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolvesexaminingtoday’sforecastscenarioandrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolookedverysimilarananalog.Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationstheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.Thelimitationofthetrendsmethodisthesameasthepersistencemethodinthat______
{{*HTML*}}RichesandRomanceFromFrance’sWineHarvest??Septemberisharvesttime.Andwithbunchesofgrapesswinging摇摆inthewindthevineyardsofsouthernFrancearegettingreadytocelebrateit.??TheyearlywinefestivalisheldinhonourofBacchustheRomangodofwine.It’safuntimewithpartiesmusicdancingbigmealsandofcourselotsofwine.??Frenchwine-makingbeganmorethan2500yearsago.Theworld’soldesttypeofvinegrowsinFranceandalwaysproducesagoodqualitywine.TodayFranceproducesone-fifthoftheworld’swineandsomeofthemostfamousvarieties.??Thetopwine-producingareasareBordeauxBurgundyandtheLoireValley.?Champagneadrinkusedincelebrationsisnamedaftertheplacewheresparkling有气泡的winewasfirstproducedin1700.??Wineismadefromthejuiceoffreshlypickedgrapes.Itisthesugarsthatturnintoalcohol.??Traditionallypeopleusedtotakeofftheirshoesandcrushthegrapeswiththeirbarefeettobringoutthejuice.Nowadaysthispracticeisusuallycarriedoutbymachines.??Eachwineproducingregionhasitsowncharacterbasedonitstypeofgrapesandsoil.??Thetasteofwinechangeswithtime.?Until1850allFrenchchampagnewassweet.Nowbothwineandchampagnetasteslightlybitter.??Thedrinkhasalwaysbeenlinkedwithrichesromanceandnobleness.YettheFrenchthinkofitinmoreordinaryterms.??Theybelieveitmakesdailylivingeasierlesshurriedandwithfewerproblems.??Allitslinksarewithtimeswhenpeopleareattheirbest;withrelaxationhappinesslongslowmealsandthefreeflowofideaswrotewineexpertHughJohnson.ManyvarietiesofwineproducedinFrancearenamedafterplaces.
{{*HTML*}}TheHistoryofExaminations??Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespokennotwritten.?IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRometestingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.??IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAgesstudentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree.??Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexaminationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestionwasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generallyduringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.??Onetypeoftestissometimescalledanobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodealwithfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikecorrectanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.IntheMiddleAgesstudents______
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{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}Manyfactoryworkersfindtheirjobstiresome.
{{*HTML*}}A.Cloud-to-groundlightningoccurringintheU.S.B.TypesoflightningC.CauseoflightningD.Differencesbetweenthunderandthunderstorm??E?FrequenciesofthunderstormsoccurringintheworldandtheU.S.??F?ShockwavesasthunderParagraphs2and3______
{{*HTML*}}TheHistoryofExaminations??Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespokennotwritten.?IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRometestingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.??IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAgesstudentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree.??Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexaminationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestionwasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generallyduringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.??Onetypeoftestissometimescalledanobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodealwithfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikecorrectanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.Thekindofexamswherestudentsmustselectanswersare______
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}TheHistoryofExaminations??Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespokennotwritten.?IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRometestingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.??IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAgesstudentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree.??Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexaminationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestionwasprobablynotknownuntilthenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generallyduringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.??Onetypeoftestissometimescalledanobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodealwithfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikecorrectanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.Itmaybeconcludedthattesting______
{{*HTML*}}TheconceptofupwardsocialmobilityhasbeenanabidingfeatureofAmericanlife.
{{*HTML*}}AliceWalker'sgraphicdepictionofthelivesofBlackpeopleinthesouthhasestablishedherasoneofthemostpromisingcontemporarywritersintheUnitedStates.
{{*HTML*}}ALifewithBirds??Fornearly17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders?51?knowntotouristsasBeefeaters.David64livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthe?52?oftheBywardToweroneofthegatehouses.?53?ourbedroomwehaveamarvellousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.saysDavid.??TheTowerofLondonisfamous?54?itsravensthelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.Davidwasimmediatelyfascinatedbythebirdsandwhenhewas?55?thepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadno?56?inacceptingit.ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malways?57?ofthefactthatIam?58?atradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravensleavetheTowerEnglandwillfalltoenemiesandit’smyjobto?59?surethisdoesn’thappen!??David?60?aboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthe?61?thathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.Ican?62.acloseeyeonthemallthetimeandnotjustwhenI’mworking.?63?David’swifeMowasnot?64?ontheideaoflifeintheTowerbutshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistory?65?aroundusandwearetakingitinandstoringitupforourfuturememories./
{{*HTML*}}ForecastingMethods??Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.ThemethodaforecasterchoosesdependsUpontheexperienceoftheforecastertheamountofinformationavailabletotheforecasterthelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresentsandthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.??Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Forexampleifitissunnyand87degreetodaythepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreetomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltodaythepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.?Howeverifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytodaythepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.??Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfrontshighandlowpressurecentersandareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformationtheforecastercanpredictwhereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Forexampleifastormsystemis1000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperdaysuingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.iftheyslowdownspeedupchangeintensityorchangedirectionthetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.??Theclimatologymethodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolvesaveragingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyearstomaketheforecast.Forex-ampleifyouwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherfornewYorkCityonJuly4thyouwouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothatexpectedforthechosentimeofyear.ifthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyeartheclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.??Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolvesexaminingtoday’sforecastscenarioandrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolookedverysimilarananalog.Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationstheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.Itwillbeimpossibletomakeweatherforecastusingtheanalogmethod______
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