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Global Warming Few people now question the reality of globalwarming and its effects on the world’s ...
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Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
WhenOurWordsCollide Wannabuyabody?ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfromfreelance自由职业photographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.LikemanyinthemainstreampressIwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersintothemwhotradeinpictureofbodiesorchasecelebritiesandustheseriousnewspeople.Butafter16yearsinthatrole.Icametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasilydistinguishable. WorkinginthereputableworldofjournalismIassignedphotographerstocoverotherpeople’snightmares.Ijustifiedinvadingmomentsofgriefundertheguise借口ofthereader’srighttoknow.Ididn’taskphotographerstotrespass冒犯ortostalk跟踪butIdidn’thaveto:Iworkedwithpros同行whodidwhatothersdid:talkingtheirwayintosituationsorshootingfrombehindpolicelinestogetpicturesIwasafter.AndIwasn’talone. Intheaftermathofacarcrashorsomeotherhideousincidentwhenordinarypeoplearehurtorkilledyourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstocapturethebloodandgore血雨腥风.Butyouarelikelytoseethelocalnewspaperandtelevisionphotographersonthescene-andfast. Howcanwejustifyourbehavior?Journalistsaretaughttoseparatedoingthejobfromworryingabouttheconsequenceofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedlytheyareremindedofanews-businessdictum格言:leaveyourconscienceintheoffice.Yougetthepictureofthefootage:thedecisionwhethertoprintorairitcomeslater.Avictimmayliebleedingunconsciousordead:yourjobistorecordtheimage.Youputawayyouremotionsanddocumentthescene. Weactthiswaypartlybecauseweknowthatthepicturescanhaveimportantmeaning.Photographscanchangedeplorable凄惨的situationsbymobilizingpublicoutrageorincreasepublicunderstanding. Howeverdisastrouseventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphotoeditors.Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccursphotoagenciesbuypictures.Oftenanagencybuysapicturefromalocalnewspaperoranamateurphotographerandputitupforbidbymajormagazines.Themostkeenlysoughtexclusivescommandtensofthousandsofdollarsthroughbiddingcontests. Manypeoplebelievethatjournalistsneedtochangethewaytheydothingsandit’sourpicturesthatannoypeoplethemost.Readersmaynotbelieveaswedothatthereisadistinctionbetweensober-mindedusandsleazy低级庸俗的them.Intoomanycasesbyourchoicesofimagesaswellashowwegetthemweproveourreadersright. Newsphotographersareusuallyaproblemforrescueworkersatanaccident.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
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第一篇TheNationalTrust TheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritishcountryside.AlthoughtheTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromtheGovernmentitisnotarichgovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic.Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest. TheattentionofthepublicwasthefirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandthecastlesofBritainbythedeathoftheLordLothianwholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrust’sCountryHouseSchemeUnderthisschemewiththehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublictheTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicabout150oftheseoilhouses.Latsyearabout1.75millionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichousesusuallyataverysmallcharge. InadditiontocountryhousesandopenspacestheTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermillsnaturereserves540farmsandnearly2500cottagesorsmallvillagehousesaswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuilddevelopordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginal16thcenturystyle.Over4000acresofcoastlinewoodlandandhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeacebeautyandwildlife. Overthepast80yearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife.IthelpstopreserveallthatandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage. TheNationalTrustisa
第三篇HowWeFormFirstImpression Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits? Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits.Evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyesearsnoseormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infactyourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortex皮质systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean. Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschoolyourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenewitsaysnewandpotentiallythreatening.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerswithotherknownmemories.ThemoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicsthemoreyourbrainmaysayThisisnewIdon’tlikethispersonOrelseI’mintrigued好奇的.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothesethnicitygestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong. Whenwestereotypepeopleweusealessmatureformofthinkingnotunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchildthatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistoryinterestvaluesstrengthsandtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks骗子peeks反常的人orfreaks怪人. Howeverifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressionswehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithapersonhearabouthisorherlifehopesdreamsandbecomeawareofourcortexwhichallowustobehumane. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
WhenOurWordsCollide Wannabuyabody?ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfromfreelance自由职业photographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.LikemanyinthemainstreampressIwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersintothemwhotradeinpictureofbodiesorchasecelebritiesandustheseriousnewspeople.Butafter16yearsinthatrole.Icametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasilydistinguishable. WorkinginthereputableworldofjournalismIassignedphotographerstocoverotherpeople’snightmares.Ijustifiedinvadingmomentsofgriefundertheguise借口ofthereader’srighttoknow.Ididn’taskphotographerstotrespass冒犯ortostalk跟踪butIdidn’thaveto:Iworkedwithpros同行whodidwhatothersdid:talkingtheirwayintosituationsorshootingfrombehindpolicelinestogetpicturesIwasafter.AndIwasn’talone. Intheaftermathofacarcrashorsomeotherhideousincidentwhenordinarypeoplearehurtorkilledyourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstocapturethebloodandgore血雨腥风.Butyouarelikelytoseethelocalnewspaperandtelevisionphotographersonthescene-andfast. Howcanwejustifyourbehavior?Journalistsaretaughttoseparatedoingthejobfromworryingabouttheconsequenceofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedlytheyareremindedofanews-businessdictum格言:leaveyourconscienceintheoffice.Yougetthepictureofthefootage:thedecisionwhethertoprintorairitcomeslater.Avictimmayliebleedingunconsciousordead:yourjobistorecordtheimage.Youputawayyouremotionsanddocumentthescene. Weactthiswaypartlybecauseweknowthatthepicturescanhaveimportantmeaning.Photographscanchangedeplorable凄惨的situationsbymobilizingpublicoutrageorincreasepublicunderstanding. Howeverdisastrouseventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphotoeditors.Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccursphotoagenciesbuypictures.Oftenanagencybuysapicturefromalocalnewspaperoranamateurphotographerandputitupforbidbymajormagazines.Themostkeenlysoughtexclusivescommandtensofthousandsofdollarsthroughbiddingcontests. Manypeoplebelievethatjournalistsneedtochangethewaytheydothingsandit’sourpicturesthatannoypeoplethemost.Readersmaynotbelieveaswedothatthereisadistinctionbetweensober-mindedusandsleazy低级庸俗的them.Intoomanycasesbyourchoicesofimagesaswellashowwegetthemweproveourreadersright. Editorssometimeshavetopayalotofmoneyforexclusivepictures.
第二篇ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancer Post-menopausal绝经后womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantlyastudyhassuggested.Thereportwhichfollowed73000womenfor17yearsfoundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk. ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweekbutbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.ThisstudypublishedinCancerEpidemiologyBiomarkers&Preventionfollowed73.615womenoutof97785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup. Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalkingswimmingandaerobics有氧运动andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek. Dr.AlpaPatelaseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlantaGeorgiawholedthestudysaid:Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalkingpromotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivityjustwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.Morestrenuous紧张的andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore. BaronessDelythMorganchiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaignsaid:Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference. Sheadded:Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer. ItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatel’sstudythat____.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
第三篇HowWeFormFirstImpression Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits? Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits.Evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyesearsnoseormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infactyourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortex皮质systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean. Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschoolyourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenewitsaysnewandpotentiallythreatening.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerswithotherknownmemories.ThemoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicsthemoreyourbrainmaysayThisisnewIdon’tlikethispersonOrelseI’mintrigued好奇的.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothesethnicitygestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong. Whenwestereotypepeopleweusealessmatureformofthinkingnotunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchildthatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistoryinterestvaluesstrengthsandtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks骗子peeks反常的人orfreaks怪人. Howeverifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressionswehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithapersonhearabouthisorherlifehopesdreamsandbecomeawareofourcortexwhichallowustobehumane. Ourfirstimpressionofsomeonenewisinfluencedbyhisorher.
WhenOurWordsCollide Wannabuyabody?ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfromfreelance自由职业photographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.LikemanyinthemainstreampressIwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersintothemwhotradeinpictureofbodiesorchasecelebritiesandustheseriousnewspeople.Butafter16yearsinthatrole.Icametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasilydistinguishable. WorkinginthereputableworldofjournalismIassignedphotographerstocoverotherpeople’snightmares.Ijustifiedinvadingmomentsofgriefundertheguise借口ofthereader’srighttoknow.Ididn’taskphotographerstotrespass冒犯ortostalk跟踪butIdidn’thaveto:Iworkedwithpros同行whodidwhatothersdid:talkingtheirwayintosituationsorshootingfrombehindpolicelinestogetpicturesIwasafter.AndIwasn’talone. Intheaftermathofacarcrashorsomeotherhideousincidentwhenordinarypeoplearehurtorkilledyourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstocapturethebloodandgore血雨腥风.Butyouarelikelytoseethelocalnewspaperandtelevisionphotographersonthescene-andfast. Howcanwejustifyourbehavior?Journalistsaretaughttoseparatedoingthejobfromworryingabouttheconsequenceofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedlytheyareremindedofanews-businessdictum格言:leaveyourconscienceintheoffice.Yougetthepictureofthefootage:thedecisionwhethertoprintorairitcomeslater.Avictimmayliebleedingunconsciousordead:yourjobistorecordtheimage.Youputawayyouremotionsanddocumentthescene. Weactthiswaypartlybecauseweknowthatthepicturescanhaveimportantmeaning.Photographscanchangedeplorable凄惨的situationsbymobilizingpublicoutrageorincreasepublicunderstanding. Howeverdisastrouseventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphotoeditors.Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccursphotoagenciesbuypictures.Oftenanagencybuysapicturefromalocalnewspaperoranamateurphotographerandputitupforbidbymajormagazines.Themostkeenlysoughtexclusivescommandtensofthousandsofdollarsthroughbiddingcontests. Manypeoplebelievethatjournalistsneedtochangethewaytheydothingsandit’sourpicturesthatannoypeoplethemost.Readersmaynotbelieveaswedothatthereisadistinctionbetweensober-mindedusandsleazy低级庸俗的them.Intoomanycasesbyourchoicesofimagesaswellashowwegetthemweproveourreadersright. Thewriterwasaphotographersixteenyearsago.
第二篇ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancer Post-menopausal绝经后womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantlyastudyhassuggested.Thereportwhichfollowed73000womenfor17yearsfoundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk. ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweekbutbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.ThisstudypublishedinCancerEpidemiologyBiomarkers&Preventionfollowed73.615womenoutof97785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup. Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalkingswimmingandaerobics有氧运动andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek. Dr.AlpaPatelaseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlantaGeorgiawholedthestudysaid:Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalkingpromotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivityjustwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.Morestrenuous紧张的andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore. BaronessDelythMorganchiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaignsaid:Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference. Sheadded:Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
第一篇TheNationalTrust TheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritishcountryside.AlthoughtheTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromtheGovernmentitisnotarichgovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic.Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest. TheattentionofthepublicwasthefirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandthecastlesofBritainbythedeathoftheLordLothianwholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrust’sCountryHouseSchemeUnderthisschemewiththehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublictheTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicabout150oftheseoilhouses.Latsyearabout1.75millionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichousesusuallyataverysmallcharge. InadditiontocountryhousesandopenspacestheTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermillsnaturereserves540farmsandnearly2500cottagesorsmallvillagehousesaswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuilddevelopordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginal16thcenturystyle.Over4000acresofcoastlinewoodlandandhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeacebeautyandwildlife. Overthepast80yearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife.IthelpstopreserveallthatandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage. ThewordinvadeinParagraph4isclosetinmeaningto
Thecommitteewasaskedto{{U}}render{{/U}}areportonthehousingsituation.
Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
第三篇HowWeFormFirstImpression Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits? Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits.Evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyesearsnoseormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infactyourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortex皮质systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean. Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschoolyourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenewitsaysnewandpotentiallythreatening.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerswithotherknownmemories.ThemoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicsthemoreyourbrainmaysayThisisnewIdon’tlikethispersonOrelseI’mintrigued好奇的.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothesethnicitygestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong. Whenwestereotypepeopleweusealessmatureformofthinkingnotunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchildthatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistoryinterestvaluesstrengthsandtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks骗子peeks反常的人orfreaks怪人. Howeverifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressionswehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithapersonhearabouthisorherlifehopesdreamsandbecomeawareofourcortexwhichallowustobehumane. ThewordpreliminaryinParagraph3isclosetinmeaningto
Theoriginalexperimentcannotbeexactly{{U}}duplicated{{/U}}.
第一篇TheNationalTrust TheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritishcountryside.AlthoughtheTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromtheGovernmentitisnotarichgovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic.Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest. TheattentionofthepublicwasthefirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandthecastlesofBritainbythedeathoftheLordLothianwholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrust’sCountryHouseSchemeUnderthisschemewiththehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublictheTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicabout150oftheseoilhouses.Latsyearabout1.75millionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichousesusuallyataverysmallcharge. InadditiontocountryhousesandopenspacestheTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermillsnaturereserves540farmsandnearly2500cottagesorsmallvillagehousesaswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuilddevelopordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginal16thcenturystyle.Over4000acresofcoastlinewoodlandandhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeacebeautyandwildlife. Overthepast80yearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife.IthelpstopreserveallthatandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage. WecaninferfromParagraph2thatLordLothian
Therewasan{{U}}inclination{{/U}}totreatgeographyasalessimportantsubject.
Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
Hisprofessionalcareer{{U}}spanned{{/U}}16years.
Shefeltthatshehaddonehergood{{U}}deed{{/U}}fortheday.
Thiswasdisasterona{{U}}cosmic{{/U}}scale.
PublicRelations Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage. Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyinthe51ofpressreleasesorpressconferences.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusually52outsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbea53becausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeinlinewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationcanbethe54.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence55thepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthan56providedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix. Publicitynaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathave57overtonesforthecompanyinitiatebythepublicrelationsdepartment.Publicityontheother58shouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcan59ausefuladjunct辅助totheregularadvertising.60notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan61fromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackof62thatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advertised. The63wewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding自欺itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantake64ofpublicimageandopportunities.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythe65doesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsetc.
Obesity肥胖CausesGlobalWarming Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweekobesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming. This51comesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinoisUSandadoctoralstudentLauraMcLay.Theirstudy52howmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswertheysayisabilliongallonsofgasperyear.________53 Therehasbeen54fortaxesonjunkfood2inrecentyears.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfood55topeople’scars.WetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcostSchmidtsaid.Similarlyleadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore. USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuch56aregettingattention. AttheUSObesitySociety’sannualmeetingoneperson57obesitywithcaraccidentdeathsandanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookit59.Oliversaid. Ina1960sstudychildrenwere60drawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthemandadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereasked61theywouldwantforafriend?Theobesechildwaspickedlast. Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudy62collegestudents.Onceagain63noonenotevenobesepeoplelikedtheobeseperson.Obesitywasstigmatized.theresearcherssaid. Butresearcherssaygetting64isnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmokingandintheendmanysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.SciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweightGenesalso65apart.
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