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下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 ? ? ? ? ? ?...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.TheCompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendlessl. GeorgeStrongwasaverycreativeengineer.
sheseemedtohavedetectedsomeangerinhisvoice.
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetic;wasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhobroughttheFrenchmen’sneckweartoBritain?
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.TheCompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendlessl. HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.
Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
theyonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.
HappyTherapy诊疗 NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhisworkandtraveling. ThenafterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfromabusyandtiringtriptoRussiaMr.Cousinsgotsick.Becausehehadpushedhisbodytothelimitofitsstrengthonthetripachemicalchangebegantotakeplaceinsidehim.Thematerialbetweenhisbonesbecameweak. Inlessthanoneweekafterhisreturnhecouldnotstand.Everymovethathemadewaspainful.Hewasnotabletosleepatnight. ThedoctorstoldMr.Cousinsthattheydidnotknowhowtocurehisproblemsandhemightnevergetovertheillness.Mr.Cousinshoweverrefusedtogiveuphope. Mr.Cousinsthoughtthatunhappythoughtswerecausingbadchemicalchangesinhisbody.Hedidnotwanttotakemedicinetocurehimself.Insteadhefeltthathappythoughtsorlaughtermightcurehisillness. Hebegantoexperimentonhimselfwhilestillinthehospitalbywatchingfunnyshowsontelevision.Mr.Cousinsquicklyfoundthattenminutesofreallaughterduringthedaygavehimtwohoursofpain-freesleepatnight DecidingthatthedoctorscouldnothelphimMr.Cousinsleftthehospitalandcheckedintoahotelroomwherehecouldcontinuehisexperimentswithlaughter.ForeightdaysMr.Cousinsrestedinthehotelroomwatchingfunnyshowsontelevisionreadingfunnybooksandsleepingwheneverhefelttired.WithinthreeweekshefeltwellenoughtotakeavacationtoPuertoRicowherehebeganrunningonthebeachforexercise. AfterafewmonthsMr.Cousinsreturnedtowork.Hehadlaughedhimselfbacktohealth. Whatdidn’tMr.Cousinsdoinhisexperimentswithlaughter?
第一篇 WhatIsDeath? Peopleinthepastdidnotquestionthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Theycouldseethatapersondiedwhenhisheartstoppedbeating.Peoplehavelearnedhoweverthatthebodydoesnotdieimmediatelywhentheheartstopsbeating.Theydiscoveredthatweremainaliveaslongasourbrainremainsactive.Todaythedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathisnotaseasytoseeasinthepast.Modernmedicaldevicescankeeptheheartbeatingandthelungsbreathinglongafterthebrainstops.Butisthislife? ThisquestionhascausedmuchdebateamongcitizensintheUnitedStates.Manyofthemwantalawthatsaysapersonisdeadwhenthebraindies.Apersonshouldbeconsidereddeadwhenbrainwavesstopevenifmachinescankeepthebodyalive.Suchalawwouldpermitdoctorstospeedremoval切除ofundiseased没病的organsfortransplant移植operations. Thebrainismadeofthousandsofmillionsofnervecells.Thesecellssendandreceivemillionsofchemicalandelectricalmessageseveryday.Inthiswaythebraincontrolstheotherbodyactivities.Nerve-cellexpertssayitusuallyiseasytotellwhenthebrainhasdied.Theyputsmallelectrodes电极onaperson’sskull头骨tomeasuretheelectricalsignalsthatpassinandoutofthebrain.Thesebrainwavesarerecordedonatelevisionscreenoronpaper.Thewavesmoveupanddowneverytimethebrainreceivesmessagesfromthenervecells.Thebrainisdeadwhenthewavesstopmoving. Althoughtherearepeoplewhoopposetheideaofalawonbrainblockforvariouisreasonstheideaofbrainwaveactivityasatestofdeathisslowlybeingaccepted. WhichofthefollowingisNOTaphenomenonmentionedinthepassage?
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
第二篇 NewfoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople-nottheirclothesideasorlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatewasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishIntroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexittoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthepotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropincolombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryisAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyAragbsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedkaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.TheCompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendlessl. IfGeorgeStrongtookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetoleavehisfamilyinWyeford.
HappyTherapy诊疗 NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhisworkandtraveling. ThenafterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfromabusyandtiringtriptoRussiaMr.Cousinsgotsick.Becausehehadpushedhisbodytothelimitofitsstrengthonthetripachemicalchangebegantotakeplaceinsidehim.Thematerialbetweenhisbonesbecameweak. Inlessthanoneweekafterhisreturnhecouldnotstand.Everymovethathemadewaspainful.Hewasnotabletosleepatnight. ThedoctorstoldMr.Cousinsthattheydidnotknowhowtocurehisproblemsandhemightnevergetovertheillness.Mr.Cousinshoweverrefusedtogiveuphope. Mr.Cousinsthoughtthatunhappythoughtswerecausingbadchemicalchangesinhisbody.Hedidnotwanttotakemedicinetocurehimself.Insteadhefeltthathappythoughtsorlaughtermightcurehisillness. Hebegantoexperimentonhimselfwhilestillinthehospitalbywatchingfunnyshowsontelevision.Mr.Cousinsquicklyfoundthattenminutesofreallaughterduringthedaygavehimtwohoursofpain-freesleepatnight DecidingthatthedoctorscouldnothelphimMr.Cousinsleftthehospitalandcheckedintoahotelroomwherehecouldcontinuehisexperimentswithlaughter.ForeightdaysMr.Cousinsrestedinthehotelroomwatchingfunnyshowsontelevisionreadingfunnybooksandsleepingwheneverhefelttired.WithinthreeweekshefeltwellenoughtotakeavacationtoPuertoRicowherehebeganrunningonthebeachforexercise. AfterafewmonthsMr.Cousinsreturnedtowork.Hehadlaughedhimselfbacktohealth. HowdidthedoctorsrespondtoMr.Cousins’illness?
第二篇 FortyMayBetheNew30AsScientistsRedefineAge Is40reallythenew30?Inmanywayspeopletodayactyoungerthantheirparentsdidatthesameage. Scientistshavedefinedanewageconceptandbelieveitcouldexplainwhypopulationsareagingbutatthesametimeseemtobegettingyounger. Insteadofmeasuringagingbyhowlongpeoplehavelivedthescientistshavefactoredinhowmanymoreyearspeoplecanprobablystilllookforwardto. UsingthatmeasuretheaveragepersoncangetyoungerinthesensethatheorshecanhaveevenmoreyearstoliveastimegoesonsaidWarrenSandersonoftheUniversityofNewYorkinStonyBrook. HeandSergeiScherbovoftheViennalnstituteofDemography人口统计学attheAustrian奥地利的AcademyofScienceshaveusedtheirmethodtoestimatehowtheproportionofelderlypeopleinGermanyJapanandtheUnitedStateswillchangeinthefuture. TheaverageGermanwas39.9yearsoldin2000andcouldplantoliveforanother39.2yearsaccordingtoresearchreportedinthejournalNatureonWednesday. Howeverby2050theaverageGermanwillbe51.9yearsoldandwillbeexpectedtoliveanother37.1years.Somiddleagein2050wouldoccurataround52yearsinsteadof40yearsasin2000. AspeoplehavemoreandmoreyearstolivetheyhavetosavemoreandplanmoreandtheyeffectivelyarebehavingasiftheywereyoungersaidSanderson. FiveyearsagotheaverageAmericanwas35.3yearsoldandcouldplanfor43.5moreyearsoflife.By2050theresearchersestimateitwillincreaseto41.7yearsand45.8futureyears. Alotofourski/IsoureducationoursavingsandthewaywedearwithourhealthcaredependagreatdealonhowmanyyearswehavetolivesaidSanderson. Thisdimensionofhowmanyyearspeoplehavetolivehasbeencompletelyignoredinthediscussionofagingsofar. People40yearsofagetodayseemtobeasyoungas
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.TheCompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendlessl. HenryManley’scompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraisetheworkers’wages.
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetic;wasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie?
InshortIamgoingtolivetheremyself.
HealthCareintheUS HealthcareintheUSiswell-knownbutveryexpensive.Payingthedoctor’sbillafteramajorillnessoraccidentcancosthundredsofthousandsofdollars. IntheUSaperson’scompanynotthegovernmentpaysforhealthinsurance. Employershavecontractswithinsurancecompanieswhichpayforallorpartofemployees’doctors’bills. Theamountthattheinsurancecompanywillpayouttoapatientdifferswildly.Italldependsonwhatinsurancetheemployerpays.Thelessthebosspaystotheinsurancecompanythemoretheemployeehastopaythehospitaleachtimeheorshegetssick.In2004theaverageworkerpaidanextraUS$558ayearaccordingtoaSanFranciscoreport. ThesystemalsomeansmanyAmericansfallthroughthecracks遭遗漏In2004only61percentofthepopulationreceivedhealthinsurancethroughtheiremployersaccordingtothereport.Theunemployedself-employedpart-timeworkersandgraduatedstudentswithnojobswerenotincluded. MostUSuniversitystudentshaveagapbetweentheirlastdayofschoolandtheirfirstdayonthejob.Oftentheyarenolongerprotectedbytheirparents’insurancebecausetheyarenowconsideredindependentadults.Theyalsocannotbuyuniversityhealthinsurancebecausetheyarenolongerstudents. AnothergroupthatfallsthroughthegapoftheUSsystemisinternationalstudents.Allarerequiredtohavehealthinsuranceandcannotbegintheirclasseswithoutit.Butexactpolicies保险单differfromschooltoschool. Mostuniversitiesworkwithhealthinsurancecompaniesandselltheirownstandardplanforstudents.Oftenbuyingtheschoolplanisrequiredbutluckilyit’salsocheaperthanbuyingdirectfromtheinsurancecompany. Thehealthcaresystem_intheUStakescareofeveryoneinthecountry.
canyoufollowtheplot?
第二篇 NewfoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople-nottheirclothesideasorlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatewasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishIntroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexittoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthepotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropincolombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryisAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyAragbsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedkaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecause
第二篇 FortyMayBetheNew30AsScientistsRedefineAge Is40reallythenew30?Inmanywayspeopletodayactyoungerthantheirparentsdidatthesameage. Scientistshavedefinedanewageconceptandbelieveitcouldexplainwhypopulationsareagingbutatthesametimeseemtobegettingyounger. Insteadofmeasuringagingbyhowlongpeoplehavelivedthescientistshavefactoredinhowmanymoreyearspeoplecanprobablystilllookforwardto. UsingthatmeasuretheaveragepersoncangetyoungerinthesensethatheorshecanhaveevenmoreyearstoliveastimegoesonsaidWarrenSandersonoftheUniversityofNewYorkinStonyBrook. HeandSergeiScherbovoftheViennalnstituteofDemography人口统计学attheAustrian奥地利的AcademyofScienceshaveusedtheirmethodtoestimatehowtheproportionofelderlypeopleinGermanyJapanandtheUnitedStateswillchangeinthefuture. TheaverageGermanwas39.9yearsoldin2000andcouldplantoliveforanother39.2yearsaccordingtoresearchreportedinthejournalNatureonWednesday. Howeverby2050theaverageGermanwillbe51.9yearsoldandwillbeexpectedtoliveanother37.1years.Somiddleagein2050wouldoccurataround52yearsinsteadof40yearsasin2000. AspeoplehavemoreandmoreyearstolivetheyhavetosavemoreandplanmoreandtheyeffectivelyarebehavingasiftheywereyoungersaidSanderson. FiveyearsagotheaverageAmericanwas35.3yearsoldandcouldplanfor43.5moreyearsoflife.By2050theresearchersestimateitwillincreaseto41.7yearsand45.8futureyears. Alotofourski/IsoureducationoursavingsandthewaywedearwithourhealthcaredependagreatdealonhowmanyyearswehavetolivesaidSanderson. Thisdimensionofhowmanyyearspeoplehavetolivehasbeencompletelyignoredinthediscussionofagingsofar. In2000middleagefortheaverageGermanoccurred
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
第一篇 WhatIsDeath? Peopleinthepastdidnotquestionthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Theycouldseethatapersondiedwhenhisheartstoppedbeating.Peoplehavelearnedhoweverthatthebodydoesnotdieimmediatelywhentheheartstopsbeating.Theydiscoveredthatweremainaliveaslongasourbrainremainsactive.Todaythedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathisnotaseasytoseeasinthepast.Modernmedicaldevicescankeeptheheartbeatingandthelungsbreathinglongafterthebrainstops.Butisthislife? ThisquestionhascausedmuchdebateamongcitizensintheUnitedStates.Manyofthemwantalawthatsaysapersonisdeadwhenthebraindies.Apersonshouldbeconsidereddeadwhenbrainwavesstopevenifmachinescankeepthebodyalive.Suchalawwouldpermitdoctorstospeedremoval切除ofundiseased没病的organsfortransplant移植operations. Thebrainismadeofthousandsofmillionsofnervecells.Thesecellssendandreceivemillionsofchemicalandelectricalmessageseveryday.Inthiswaythebraincontrolstheotherbodyactivities.Nerve-cellexpertssayitusuallyiseasytotellwhenthebrainhasdied.Theyputsmallelectrodes电极onaperson’sskull头骨tomeasuretheelectricalsignalsthatpassinandoutofthebrain.Thesebrainwavesarerecordedonatelevisionscreenoronpaper.Thewavesmoveupanddowneverytimethebrainreceivesmessagesfromthenervecells.Thebrainisdeadwhenthewavesstopmoving. Althoughtherearepeoplewhoopposetheideaofalawonbrainblockforvariouisreasonstheideaofbrainwaveactivityasatestofdeathisslowlybeingaccepted. Thebraincontrolstheotherbodyactivitiesthrough
ActiveinOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile Peopleover70whoaren’tactivearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithinafewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy. Thesefindingssuggestthatit’sveryimportanttostay_______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.MarjoleinVissertoldReutersHealth. Physicalactivityinoldageisasimportant_______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonotneedtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment.Yourbodywillalready_______53fromregularwalking. VisseraDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat_______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrombecomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrengthandmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance. ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steaminterviewed3075menand_______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhomsaidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing_______56.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodevelopedproblems_______57andclimbingstairs. Duringthestudy34percentofmenand47_______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewithwalkingandclimbingstairs.People_______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikelytoreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise. Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeatasomewhathigherriskofdeveloping_______60walkingandclimbingstairsrelativetopeoplewhoexercised_______61Stillleadinganactivelifestyleappearedtoprotectpeople_______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerallyinactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics老年医学Society. Amongpeoplewhowereinactive_______63whowalkedevenalittlebitsuchasbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveranhourperweek-wereatalower_______64ofmobility可动性problems. Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise_______65ofserioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveaspossibleVisseradvised.
Ihadsomedifficultyincarryingouttheplan.
WeallthinkthatMary’shusbandisaveryboringperson.
第二篇 FortyMayBetheNew30AsScientistsRedefineAge Is40reallythenew30?Inmanywayspeopletodayactyoungerthantheirparentsdidatthesameage. Scientistshavedefinedanewageconceptandbelieveitcouldexplainwhypopulationsareagingbutatthesametimeseemtobegettingyounger. Insteadofmeasuringagingbyhowlongpeoplehavelivedthescientistshavefactoredinhowmanymoreyearspeoplecanprobablystilllookforwardto. UsingthatmeasuretheaveragepersoncangetyoungerinthesensethatheorshecanhaveevenmoreyearstoliveastimegoesonsaidWarrenSandersonoftheUniversityofNewYorkinStonyBrook. HeandSergeiScherbovoftheViennalnstituteofDemography人口统计学attheAustrian奥地利的AcademyofScienceshaveusedtheirmethodtoestimatehowtheproportionofelderlypeopleinGermanyJapanandtheUnitedStateswillchangeinthefuture. TheaverageGermanwas39.9yearsoldin2000andcouldplantoliveforanother39.2yearsaccordingtoresearchreportedinthejournalNatureonWednesday. Howeverby2050theaverageGermanwillbe51.9yearsoldandwillbeexpectedtoliveanother37.1years.Somiddleagein2050wouldoccurataround52yearsinsteadof40yearsasin2000. AspeoplehavemoreandmoreyearstolivetheyhavetosavemoreandplanmoreandtheyeffectivelyarebehavingasiftheywereyoungersaidSanderson. FiveyearsagotheaverageAmericanwas35.3yearsoldandcouldplanfor43.5moreyearsoflife.By2050theresearchersestimateitwillincreaseto41.7yearsand45.8futureyears. Alotofourski/IsoureducationoursavingsandthewaywedearwithourhealthcaredependagreatdealonhowmanyyearswehavetolivesaidSanderson. Thisdimensionofhowmanyyearspeoplehavetolivehasbeencompletelyignoredinthediscussionofagingsofar. WhichisNOTaffectedbythenumberofyearswehavetolive?
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