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A.I. (人工智能) is just starting to become part of our lives, and books and movies have been talk...
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人们应该如何理性的看待人工智能的发展?
某网络表演经营单位为加强直播内容自审全面使用AI人工智能审核软 件替代人工审核
在计算机的应用中AI表示
管理信息系统
决策支持系统
办公自动化
人工智能
下列关于人工智能的说法中正确的是
人工智能是现代信息技术发展到一定程度后的自然产物
人工智能是人类大脑的再次进化
人工智能具有自我学习的能力
人工智能终将超越人类的智能
人工智能发展的三个阶段分别有怎样的重要进步?请根据文本简要概括
ArtificialIntelligence英文缩写为AI它是研究开发用于模拟延伸和扩展人的智能的理
机器学习
仿生学
智能能机器人
人工智能
人工智能的迅速崛起无疑是新世纪以来最为重要的科技事件而我们的生活也将因为人工智能的成熟应用迎来巨大改
人工智能AI
AI创新应用中心是集团哪一个技术能力基座的研发承担单位
人工智能
云
大数据
物联网
当前人工智能AI技术正进入人们的生活像无人机智能扫地机器人等都是人工智能的初级应用.有科学家预言2
无人机竖直匀速升空过程中,始终受到平衡力作用
智能扫地机器人工作时,主机内部气压小于大气压
人工智能AI对外界环境刺激做出应答性反应,具有完整反射弧
人工智能兼具人脑多项功能的延伸,但不会取代人类思维活动
当前人工智能AIArtificialIntelligence技术正渐渐进入人们的生活像无人机家居机
人工智能AI能对外界环境刺激做出应答性反应,因此属于生物
无人机在匀速升空过程中,其机械能守恒
无人机升空的原理是机体上方空气流速小于下方的空气流速
人工智能是人脑功能的延伸,但不会取代人类的思维
什么是人工智能人工智能与计算机程序的区别
关于人工智能下列说法不正确的是
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人工智能能够根据任务自主完成策略的选择
人工智能赋予了机器一定的视听感知和分辨处理能力
人工智能的发展不会对人类产生任何风险
AI人工智能产品主要由打造
云粒公司
集成公司
大数据公司
智网科技公司
人工智能的英文缩写是AI
人机大战吸引了世人目光人工智能系统AlphaGo在代表最高水平的智力游戏围棋中与人类顶尖选手李世石对
①③
①④
②③
②④
当前人工智能AIArtificialIntelligence技术正渐渐进入人们的生活像无人机家居机
人工智能AI能对外界环境刺激做出应答性反应,因此属于生物
无人机在匀速升空过程中,其机械能守恒
无人机升空的原理是机体上方空气流速小于下方的空气流速
人工智能是人脑功能的延伸,但不会取代人类的思维
试述计算智能CI人工智能AI和生物智能BI的关系
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意识与人工智能的区别表现在
意识活动的承担者足人脑,人工智能的承担者是机械电子元件
意识具有社会性,人工智能则没有社会性
意识具有无限的创造性,人工智能则只能按照人输入的指令行事
意识是完全主观的,人工智能则是客观的
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B.Throughoutthislongtenseelectioneveryonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmericA.Rightlyso.ButselfishlyI’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodonotjustforthiscountrybutformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLadyshewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-AmericanwomantheysorarelyseE.UsuallythelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamineD.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believeblackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingneck-swirlingeye-rollingoversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-marriedalcoholicmothers.TheseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallblackwomenareviewedincludingMichelleObamA.BeforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacausecharityorfoundationsasFirstLadyhermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimplytobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfricanAmericanwomenlittleisknownaboutwhowearewhatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.ForbetterorworseMichellewillbecomeastand-inforusall.JustasshewillhavehercriticsshewillalsohavemillionsofadoringfanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.African-Americanblogshaveallwrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse---mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone---animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikemejustalittleofherpoiseconfidenceandintellectwillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.69.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?A.SheservesasarolemodelforAfrican-Americanwomen.B.ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.C.ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.D.ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen70.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?A.TheyarevictimsoffamilyviolencE.B.Theyareofaninferiorsocialgroup.C.TheyusequitealotofbodylanguagE.D.TheyliveoncharityandsocialwelfarE.71.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?A.Howevermanyfansshehassheshouldremainmodest.B.Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.C.Howeverhardshetriesshecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.D.ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcern.
BAsaresultofpollutionLakeErieonthebordersoftheUSAandCanadaisnowwithoutanylivingthings.PollutioninwaterisnotsimplyamatterofpoisonskillinglargenumbersoffishovernightVeryoftentheeffectsofpollutionarenotnoticedformanymonthsoryearsbecausethefirstorganisms生物体tobeaffectedareeitherplantsorplankton浮游生物.Buttheseorganismsarethefoodoffishandbirdsandothercreatures.Whenthisfooddisappearsthefishandbirdsdietoo.Inthiswayawholefoodchaincanbewipedoutandit’snotuntildeadfishandwaterbirdsareseenattheriver’sedgeorontheseashorethatpeoplerealizewhatishappening.Wheredothesubstanceswhichpollutethewatercomefrom?Therearetwomainsourcesofsewage下水道污物andindustrialwastE.Asmoredetergent洗涤剂isusedinthehomesomoreofitisfinallyputintoourriverslakesandseas.Detergentsharmwaterbirdsdissolvingthenaturalsubstanceswhichkeeptheirfeatherswater-proof防水.SewageitselfifnotproperlytreatedmakesthewaterdirtyandpreventsallformsoflifeinriversandtheseafromreceivingtheoxygentheyneeD.IndustrialwasteisevenmoreharmfulastherearemanyhighlypoisonousthingsinitsuchascopperandleaD.Soifwewanttostopthispollutiontheanswerissimple:sewageandindustrialwastemustbemadeclearbeforeflowingintothewater.ItmayalreadybetoolatetosavesomeriversandlakesbutotherscanstillbesavedifthecorrectactionistakenatoncE.70.Pollutionofwaterisnoticed________.A.whenthefirstorganismsareaffectedB.whenagoodmanyfishandbirdsdieC.whenpoisonousthingsarepouredintowaterD.assoonasthebalanceofnatureisdestroyed71.Thelivingthingsdiebecausethereisno________inthelakeorriver.A.waterB.fishC.poisonD.oxygen72.Whichofthefollowingisharmfulaccordingtothepassage?A.OrganismsB.PlantsandplanktoninthewaterC.WastewaterfromcleaningD.Industrialwastemadeclearbeforeflowingintothewater73.Thewaytostopwaterpollutionisto________.A.realizetheserioussituationclearlyB.putoxygenintotheriverC.makethewastematerialharmlessbeforeflowingintothewaterD.makespecialroomintheseaforourrubbish
Theearth'sbiospherethesurfacelayeroftheplanetandthesurroundingatmosphereprovidesthelandairwaterandenergynecessarytosustainlifE.Thislife-supportsystemisacomplexinterdependentoneinwhichenergyfromthesunischangedintofoodforhumans.Theentiresystemdependsonthesunreasonablymoderatetemperatureandenoughsuppliesofoxygenpurewaterandfertilesoil.Sincetheearth'screationmillionsofyearsagotheecosystemhasworkedasaninterdependentsystemrelativelyundisturbedbyoutsideforces.ButrecentlyespeciallysincetheIndustrialRevolutionhumanbeingshavebeguntodisturbthebalanceofnaturE.Naturalresourceshavebeenseverelydepleted消耗forestshavebeendestroyedfertilelandwornawaywaterpollutedandmineralsusedupandthelife-supportsystemofairwaterandlandhasbeenpoisonedbyavarietyofwasteproductsandchemicals.ThedegreeoftheseproblemswasnotedinareportbytheU.N.DevelopingCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality.Thisreportpredictedthatifpresenttrendscontinuetheworldwillbemorecrowdedandpollutedandlessstableecologicallyandpoliticallythantheworldweliveinnow.Thetwinproblemsofresourceshortagesandpollutionarecausedbythreesocialforces.Firstthetremendousincreaseinpopulationgrowthconstantlyincreasesthedemandforfoodenergyandotherproducts.AsthecurrentpopulationcontinuestoincreasethestressonanalreadyoverburdenedenvironmentwillbeincreaseD.Asecondsourceoftheproblemistheconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareaswheretheecosystemsimplycannotabsorbtheirwasteproducts.Finallyenvironmentalproblemsareworsenedasmoreandmorenationsmovetowardmodemdevelopment:anincreasedrelianceonmoderntechnology.AsthesenationsbecomemoretechnologicaltheywillconsumemoreenergydepletemorenaturalresourcesandcreatemorewasteproductsthanthebiospherecanabsorB.Thelife-supportsystemiscomposedof_____.A.airwaterandlandB.theearththesunandenergyC.foodlandandenergyD.foodenergyandthesunThelife-supportsystem_____.A.changeenergyfromthesunintofoodforhumansB.dependsonthesunforenoughsuppliesofairwaterandlandC.existsinthesurfacelayeroftheearthandthesurroundingatmosphereD.isacomplexbutindependentsystemThelife-supportsystemhasbeenbadlydamagedby_____.A.naturalforcesB.humanactivitiesC.socialmovementsD.politicalchangesThepassagemainlytalksabout_____.A.theeffectsofIndustrialRevolutiononhumanbeingsB.theimportanceoflife-supportsystemtohumanbeingsC.thesignificanceofbalanceofnatureD.thedestructionoflife-supportsystemanditscauses
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AA.universitymathtutorhasdiscoveredthesciencebehindsingledomfindingthatourchancesoffindingtheperfectpartnerarejust1in285000.PeterBackusatutorattheUniversityofWarwickpublishedhisWhyIDon’tHaveaGirlfriendpaperafterathree-yearlovedrought.HisunconventionalstudyusesafamousmathformulacalledTheDrakeEquation德雷克等式whichwasfirstusedtoestimatetheexistenceofextra-terrestrial地球以外lifE.Theresultsdon'tlookpromisingforBritishsingles.30-year-oldMr.Backusfoundthatoutofthe30millionwomenintheUKonly26wouldbesuitablegirlfriendsforhim.Thedullequationtakesintoaccountthenumberofwomenaged24to34livinginhishomecityofLondonandwhoaresinglemeaninghischancesofmeetinghisdreamwomanonanightoutareslim.Theeconomicsexpertsaid:Thereare26womeninLondonwithwhomImighthaveawonderfulrelationship.SoonagivennightoutinLondonthereisa0.0000034%chanceofmeetingoneofthesespecialpeoplE.That’sa1in285000chancesoit’snotgreat.ThepuzzlingDrakeequationreads:N=R*xFpxNexFixFcxLandhelpedpioneeringscientistProfessorDraketopredictthattherecouldbe10000civilizationsinourgalaxy.Mr.Backussimplyreplacedtheoriginalequationwithhisowncriteriaforadreamdatewhichincludedthepercentageofwomenlikelytofindhimattractiveandthenumberofgirlsaged24-34inLondon.Hesaid:Theresearchmaysounddepressingtopeoplelookingforlovebutthegoodnewsforsinglesisit’sprobablynotyourfault!56.Mr.Backus’discoveryinthispassageismainlyconcernedabout______.A.whetherthereexistslifeoutofourplanetB.thepossibilityofhisbeingabletofindloveC.howtogetridofsingledomD.whatmathcandotoserveourdailylife57.WhatdoesMr.Backusthinkoftheresultofhisresearch?A.OptimistiC.B.Depressing.C.UnrealistiC.D.Exciting.58.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Mr.Backus’majorresearchfieldissingledom.B.Mr.Backusfoundagirlfriendthreeyearsago.C.Mr.Backus’newthesiswillsurelybewellreceiveD.D.Mr.Backushasbeensearchingforloveforlong.59.BythegoodnewsforsinglesinthelastsentenceMr.Backusprobablymean_____.A.youdon’thavetoblameyourselfforremainingsingleB.maybethediscoveryisnotreliableatallC.theresultwasbasedonhisowncriteriaD.theremightbemoredreamdateoutofLondon60.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ThispassagecouldbepublishedinascientificmagazinE.B.Thepassageintendstoprovethereareothercivilizations.C.Thepassagewriterdoesn’treallyunderstandtheDrakeequation.D.MostwomeninLondonarenotsuitableforuniversityteachers.
AboriginalisatermusedtodescribethepeopleandanimalsthatlivedinaplacefromtheearliestknowntimesorbeforeEuropeansarriveD.ExamplesaretheMaoriinNewZealandtheAboriginesinAustraliaandtheIndiansinSouthAmericA.MaoriTheMaoriwerethefirstpeopletogotoNewZealandabout1000yearsago.TheycamefromtheislandsofPolynesiainthePacifiC.TheybroughtdogsratsandplantswiththemandsettledmainlyontheNorthernIslanD.In1769CaptainJamesCooktookpossessionoftheIslandandfromthattimeonBritishpeoplestartedtosettlE.TheMaorisignedanagreementwiththesesettlersbutinlateryearstherewereargumentsandbattlesbetweenthemoverlandrights.AborigineNativepeopleofAustraliacamefromsomewhereinAsiamorethan40000yearsago.Theylivedbyhuntingandgathering.TheircontactwithBritishsettlersbeganin1788.Bythe1940salmostallofthemweremixedintoAustraliansocietyaslow-paidworkers.TheirrightswerelimiteD.In1976and1993theAustraliangovernmentpassedlawsthatreturnedsomelandtotheAboriginesandrecognizedtheirpropertyrights.IndiansLongbeforetheEuropeanscametoAmericainthe16thand17thcenturytheAmericanIndiansorNativeAmericanslivedtherE.ItisbelievedthattheycamefromAsiA.ChristopherColumbusmistookthelandforIndiaandsocalledthepeoplethereIndians.ThewhitesettlersandAmericanIndianslivedinpeaceatthebeginningbutconflictsfinallyaroseandledtotheIndianWars1866—1890.AfterthewartheIndiansweredriventothewestofthecountry.Notuntil1924didtheygaintherighttovotE.68.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthepassage?A.Europeansettlers.B.Nativepeoplefromthreecountries.C.Lifestylesofaboriginals.D.Historyofthreegroupsofaboriginals.69.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisanopinioninsteadofafact?A.TheMaoriwerethefirstpeopletogotoNewZealanD.B.TheEuropeansweregreedybecausetheyalwaysfoughtforlanD.C.NativepeopleofAustralialivedbyhuntingandgathering.D.AfterthewartheIndiansweredriventothewestofthecountry.70.ThenativepeopleinAmericawerecalledIndiansbecause________.A.theyoriginatedfromIndiaB.theirappearancesaresimilartothoseofIndiansC.thelandwasmistakenforIndiaD.theirpersonalitiesarecomparabletothoseofIndians71.BysayingalmostallofthemweremixedintoAustraliansocietyaslow-paidworkersinParagraph3theauthorimpliesthat_____.A.nativesinAustralialedadifferentlifefromthesettlersB.mostnativesinAustraliawereunemployedC.nativesinAustraliawereseparatedfromAustraliaD.mostnativesinAustraliaearnedasmallsalary
Boomboom!I’mherecometome!Krakkrak!Watchoutaleopard豹!Hokhokhok!Heycrownedeagle!Verygood—you’vealreadymasteredhalfthebasicvocabularyoftheCampbell’smonkeywhichlivesintheforestsoftheTaiNationalParkinIvoryCoast.Theadultmaleshavesixtypesofcalleachwithaspecificmeaningbuttheycanmixtwoormorecallstogetherintoamessagewithadifferentmeaning.Havingspentmonthsrecordingthemonkeys’callsinresponsetobothnaturalandartificialstimuli刺激物agroupledbyKlausZuberbuhleroftheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotlandarguesthattheCampbell’smonkeyshaveacertainformofsyntax句法.Thisislikelytobecontroversialbecausedespitegreatefforttoteachchimpanzees大猩猩languagetheyshowedlittleornoabilitytocombinethesoundstheylearnedintoasentencewithalargermeaning.Syntaxbasictothestructureoflanguageuniquelybelongstohumans.KrakisacallthatwarnsofleopardsintheneighborhooD.Themonkeysgiveitinresponsetorealleopardsandtoleopardshoutingbroadcastbytheresearchers.Themonkeyscanvarythecallbyadding-oo:Krak-ooseemstobeageneralwordforhunterbutonegiveninaspecialcontext–whenmonkeyshearbutdon’tseeahunterorwhentheyhearthealarmcallsofanotherspecies.Theboom-boomcallinvitesothermonkeystocometowardthemalemakingthesounD.Twoboomscanbecombinedwithaseriesofkrak-ooswithameaningentirelydifferenttothatofeitherofitssingleparts.Boomboomkrak-ookrak-ookrak-ooisthemonkey’sversionofTimber!–itwarnsoffallingtrees.IfZuberbuhleriscorrecttheCampbell’smonkeyscanbothvarythemeaningofspecificcallsbyaddingsomethingandcombinecallstomakeadifferentmeaning.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.groupofscientists.B.CallsofCampbell’smonkeys.C.Thelifestyleofmonkeys.D.TheimportanceoflanguagE.Accordingtothepassagechimpanzees.A.don’tcommunicatebysoundsB.onlyunderstandsimplesentencesC.failtolearnlanguagefromhumansD.arenotrelatedtotheCampbell’smonkeysIftheCampbell’smonkeyshearalion’sshoutingtheywillcall.A.KrakB.BoomC.Boomboomkrak-ookrak-ookrak-ooD.Krak-ooAccordingtothepassageitseemsthat.A.ZuberbuhlerhasspentyearsintheforestsB.thewriterisn’tsureofZuberbuhler’sopinionsC.theCampbell’smonkeysareclevererthanotheranimalsD.theCampbell’smonkeyscanexpresssixmeaningsbycalls
COrganicfoodhasnonutritionalorhealthbenefitsoverordinaryfoodaccordingtoamajorstudy.ResearchersfromtheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicinesaidconsumerswerepayinghigherpricesfororganicfoodbecauseofitsimaginedhealthbenefitscreatingaglobalorganicmarketworthanestimated$48billionin2007.A.systematicreviewof162scientificpaperspublishedinthescientificliteratureoverthelast50yearshoweverfoundtherewasnosignificantdifferencE.Asmallnumberofdifferencesinnutrientcontentwerefoundtoexistbetweenorganicallyandconventionally通常producedfoodstuffsbutthesehavenothingtodowithpublichealthsaidAlanDangouroneofthereport'sauthors.Ourreviewindicatesthatthereiscurrentlynoevidencetosupporttheselectionoforganicallyoverconventionallyproducedfoodsonthebasisofnutritionalsuperiority.TheresultsofresearchwhichwascommissionedbytheBritishgovernment’sFoodStandardsAgencywerepublishedintheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition.SalesoforganicfoodhavefalleninsomemarketsincludingBritainasaslowdownineconomicgrowthhasledconsumerstocutbackonpurchases.TheSoilAssociationsaidthatgrowthinsalesoforganicproductsinBritainslowedtojust1.7percentwellbelowtheaverageannualgrowthrateof26percentoverthelastdecadE.64.Whydoesorganicfoodcostmorethanconventionallyproducedfood?A.Becausepeoplethinktheyaremuchhealthier.B.Becausetheyaremoredelicious.C.BecausepeoplepreferorganicfooD.D.Becausetheysellbetter.65.Accordingtothestudyorganicfoodis_________thanconventionallyproducedfooD.A.muchhealthierB.betterC.nohealthierD.lesshealthier66.Salesoforganicfoodhavefallenbecauseof___________.A.highpriceB.economicdeclineC.badserviceD.poorquality67.Wherecanyoufindthispassageinanewspaper?A.EconomyB.SciencE.C.Food&NutritionD.Fashion
CA.long-awaitedfinalreportfromtheFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAconcludesthatfoodsfromhealthyclonedanimalsandtheiroffspring后代areassafeasthosefromordinaryanimalseffectivelyremovingthelastUSregulatory监管的barriertothemarketingofmeatandmilkfromclonedcattlepigsandgoats.The968-pagefinalreportnotyetreleasedbutobtainedbyTheWashingtonPostfindsnoevidencetosupportpeople’sconcernsthatfoodfromclonesmayhavehiddenrisks.Butrecognizingthatamajorityofconsumersarewaryoffoodfromclones—andthatcloningcoulddamagethegoodimageofAmericanmilkandmeat—thereportincludeshundredsofpagesofraw原始的datasothatotherscanseehowitcametoitsconclusions.Thereportalsoadmitsthathumanhealthconcernsarenottheonlysubjectraisedbythecoming-outofclonedfarmanimals.Moralreligiousandethicalconcernshavebeenraisedtheagencynotesinadocumentaccompanyingthereport.Butthereportisexactlyascience-basedevaluation.Itreportsbecausetheagencyisnotauthorizedbylawtoconsiderthosesubjects.Inpracticeitwillbeyearsbeforefoodsfromclonesmaketheirwaytostoreshelvesinlargequantitiesinpartbecausetheclonesthemselvesaretoovaluabletokillformeatormilk.Insteadtheexpensiveanimals—replicas复制品ofsomeofthefinestfarmanimalseverborn—willbeusedfirstlyasbreedingstocktocreatewhatsupporterssaywillbeanewgenerationofsuperiorfarmanimals.Whenfoodfromthoseanimalshitsthemarketthepublicmayyethaveitssay.FDAofficialshavesaidtheydonotexpecttorequirefoodfromclonestobelabeledassuchbuttheymayallowfoodsfromordinaryanimalstobelabeledasnotfromclones.64.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.FDAhaswaitedforalongtimetogetthisfinalreport.B.ProductsfromclonedanimalshavebeenputintothemarketbeforE.C.Peoplearehavingtheproductsfromclonedanimalssafely.D.Therehavebeenonceoppositeopinionsagainstclonedproducts.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordwarymean?A.DisappointeD.B.Careful.C.FonD.D.ProuD.66.Itwillbeafewyearsbeforefoodsfromclonescomeintothemarketpartlybecause_____.A.peoplehavelittleknowledgeoftheclonedanimalsB.supporterscan’tgivepowerfulevidencetosupportthatC.thefewclonedanimalswillfirstbeusedtocreatesuperioranimalsD.theyareanewgenerationforthecustomersandaretoovaluableforthecustomers67.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.FDAofficialsencouragepeopletoeatmorefoodfromclones.B.FDAofficialsthinkthefoodfromcloneswillsellbetterthanordinaryfooD.C.Peopleonlyworryaboutthehealthproblemswhenitcomestofoodsfromtheclones.D.Allthefoodswillnothavedetailedlabelsonthem.
OceanAcidification:'EvilTwin'ThreatensWorld'sOceansTheriseinhumanemissionsofcarbondioxideisdrivingdangerouschangesinthechemistryandecosystemsoftheworld'soceansinternationalmarine海洋的scientistshavewarneD.OceanconditionsarealreadymoreextremethanthoseexperiencedbymarineorganismsandecosystemsformillionsofyearssaysthelatestissueofthejournalTrendsinEcologyandEvolution.ThisemphasizestheurgentneedtoadoptpoliciesthatmarkedlyreduceCO2emissions.Oceanacidificationwhichtheresearcherscallthe'eviltwinofglobalwarming'iscausedwhentheCO2emittedbyhumanactivitymainlyburningfossilfuelsdissolvesintotheoceans.Itishappeningindependentlyofbutincombinationwithglobalwarming.Evidencegatheredbyscientistsoverthelastfewyearssuggeststhatoceanacidificationcouldrepresentanequal--orperhapsevengreaterthreat--tothebiologyofourplanetthanglobalwarming.Morethan30%oftheCO2releasedfromburningfossilfuelscementproductiondeforestationandotherhumanactivitiesgoesstraightintotheoceansturningthemgraduallymoreacidiC.Theresultingacidificationwillimpactmanyformsofsealifeespeciallyorganismswhoseshellsorskeletonsaremadefromcalciumcarbonate碳化钙likecoralsandshellfish.Itmayinterferewiththereproductionofplanktonspecieswhichareavitalpartofthefoodwebonwhichfishandallothersealifedependheadds.ThescientistssaythereisnowpersuasiveevidencethatmassextinctionsinpastEarthhistoryliketheGreatDyingof251millionyearsagoandanotherwipeout55millionyearsagowereaccompaniedbyoceanacidificationwhichmayhavedeliveredthedeathblowtomanyspeciesthatwereunabletocopewithit.ThesepastperiodscanserveasgreatlessonsofwhatwecanexpectinthefutureifwecontinuetopushtheaciditytheoceanevenfurthersaidleadauthorDr.CarlesPelejerofromICREAandtheMarineScienceInstituteofCSICinBarcelonaSpain.Giventheimpactsweseeinthefossilrecordthereisnoquestionabouttheneedtoimmediatelyreducetherateatwhichweareemittingcarbondioxideintheatmospherehesaidfurther.Todaythesurfacewatersoftheoceanshavealreadyacidifiedbyanaverageof0.1pHunitsfrompre-industriallevelsandweareseeingsignsofitsimpacteveninthedeepoceanssaidco-authorDr.EvaCalvofromtheMarineScienceInstituteofCSICinSpain.FutureacidificationdependsonhowmuchCO2humansemitfromhereon--butbytheyear2100variousprojectionsindicatethattheoceanswillhaveacidifiedbyafurther0.3to0.4pHunitswhichismorethanmanyorganismslikecoralscanstandProf.Hoegh-Guldbergsays.ThiswillcreateconditionsnotseenonEarthforatleast40millionyears.Thesechangesaretakingplaceatratesasmuchas100timesfasterthantheyeverhaveoverthelasttensofmillionsofyearsProf.Hoegh-Guldbergsays.Besidesdirectlyimpactingonthefishingindustryanditscontributiontothehumanfoodsupplyatatimewhenglobalfooddemandisdoublingamajordie-offintheoceanswouldaffectbirdsandmanylandspeciesandchangethebiologyofEarthasawholeprofoundlyProf.Hoegh-Guldbergadds.67.Whatisthebiggestcauseoftheoceanacidificationaccordingtothereport?A.theincreaseofcarbondioxideemissionbyhumanbeingsB.TheworseningofglobalwarmingC.Thedisappearanceoftheworld’sforestsD.Thedecreaseofmarinelife68.Inwhatwayaccordingtothereportdoesoceanacidificationaffectthemajorityofmarinelife?A.ItaffectstheirreproductionB.ItdestroystheirfoodchainC.ItaffectsthegrowthoftheiryoungD.destroystheirhabitats69.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutoceanacidification?A.Oceanacidificationhasmadeoceanconditionsmostextremeinmillionsofyears.B.Oceanacidificationmaydomoredamagethanglobalwarmingtohumanandplantlifeinthelongrun.C.OceanacidificationissuspectedofhavingcausedmassextinctionsoflifeinpastEarthhistory.D.TheeffectsofoceanacidificationarenotnowbutwillbefeltintheforeseeablefuturE.70.Fromthereportwecanclearlyfeelthatthesituationwithoceanacidification__________.A.isquiteoptimisticB.remainswellundercontrolC.looksmorethanurgentD.isalreadyoutofcontrol
A.devicethatstopsdriversformfallingasleepatthewheelisabouttoundergotestingatDepartmentofTransportlaboratoriesandcouldgoonsalewithin12months.ThesystemcalledDriverAlertaimstoreducedeadlyroadaccidentsby20%-40%thatarecausedbytiredness.Airlinepilotscanalsouseittoreducethe30%ofallpilot-erroraccidentsthatarerelatedtofatiguE.DriverAlertisbasedonacomputerizedwristbanD.Thedevicewornbydriversorpilotsgivesoutasoundabouteveryfourminutesduringacarjourney.Aftereachsoundthedrivermustrespondbysqueezingthesteeringwheel方向盘.A.sensorinthewristbanddetectsthispressingactionandmeasuresthetimebetweenthesoundthedriver’sresponsE.Tirednessisdirectlyrelatedtoadriver’sresponsetimE.Usuallyawatchfuldriverwouldtakeabout400millisecondstorespondbutoncethatfallstomorethan500millisecondsitsuggeststhatthedriverisgettingsleepy.Insuchcasesthedevicegivesoutmoreregularandloudersoundsshowingthatthedrivershouldopenawindoworstopforarest.Ifthedriver’sresponsecontinuestoslowdownthesoundsbecomemorefrequentuntilanonstopalarmwarnsthatthedrivermuststopassoonaspossiblE.Thedevicehasbeendeliveredtothedepartment’slaboratoriesfortesting.Ifthesetestsscheduledforsixmonths’timearesuccessfulthemakerswillbringtheproducttomarketwithinaboutayear.72.AccordingtothetextDriverAlert______.A.aimstoreducetiredness-relatedaccidentsB.hasgonethroughtestingatlaboratoriesC.aimstopreventdriversformsleepingD.hasbeenonsalefor12months73.HowshouldadriverrespondtothesoundsfromDriverAlert?A.Bysoundingawarning.B.BytouchingthewristbanD.C.BycheckingthedrivingtimE.D.Bypressingthesteeringwheel.74.Wecanlearnformthetextthatthedriverneedstostopforabreakwhenhisresponsetimeis____A.about400millisecondsB.below500millisecondsC.over500millisecondsD.about4minutes75.WhenthedrivergetssleepywhiledrivingDriverAlert______.A.movesmoreregularlyB.stopsworkingproperlyC.opensthewindowforthedriverD.soundsmorefrequentlyandloudly
Globalsurfacetemperatureshaveincreased0.6—1.2degreessincethelate19thcentury.The20thcentury’s10warmestyearsallhappenedwithinthelast15years.Ofthese1998wasthewarmestyearonrecorD.ThesnowcoveringtheNorthernHemisphere半球andfloatingiceintheArcticOceandecreaseD.Globallysealevelhasrisen4—10inchesoverthepastcentury.World-wideamountofrainandsnowoverlandhasincreasedbyaboutonepercent.ThenumberofmajorrainfalleventshasincreasedthroughoutmuchoftheUnitedStates.Increasingconcentrations集中ofgreenhousegasesarelikelytomakeclimatechangefaster.Scientistsexpectthattheaverageglobalsurfacetemperaturecouldrise1.6—6.3degreesby2100andtheclimateindifferentareascouldchangedifferently.Evaporation蒸发willincreaseastheclimatewarmswhichwillincreaseaverageglobalamountofrainandsnow.Soilmoisture潮湿islikelytodecreaseinmanyareasandstrongrainstormsarelikelytobecomemorefrequent.SealevelislikelytorisetwofeetalongmostoftheU.Scoast.Calculationsofclimatechangeforcertainareasaremuchlessabletobetrustedthanglobalonesanditisunclearwhethertheclimateindifferentareaswillbecomemorevariable变化无常的.64.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.ThesnowhasbeenseencoveringtheSouthernHemisphere.B.MoreandmoremajorrainfalleventshavehappenedtotheU.S.C.Onthewholeearthsealevelhasrisen4—10inches.D.Theamountoftherainintheworldhasincreasedbyabout1%.65.Accordingtoscientiststhereasonwhytheclimatebecomeswarmisthat________.A.thesnowcoveringNorthernHemispherehasdecreasedB.evaporationhasincreasedintherecentyearsC.greenhousegasesconcentrateincreasinglyD.thefloatingiceintheArcticOceanhasdecreased66.Itisbecause______thatstrongrainstormsbecomemorefrequent.A.averagegloballittleofrainandsnowincreasesB.theclimatebecomeswarmC.soilmoisturedecreasesD.sealevelrisestwofeet
BLionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshadetheyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingbyandevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakilltheywilldriveitoffandtakethedillforthemselves.A.grownlioncaneasilyeat60poundsofmeatatasinglefeeding.Oftentheyeatuntilitseemspainfulforthemtoliedown.Thelioneases母狮beingthinnerandfasterarebetterhunters猎手thanthemales雄狮.Butthemalesdon’tminD.AfterthekilltheymoveinandtakethetestsharE.Mostkillsaremadeatnightorjustbeforedaybreak.Wehaveseenmanymanydaylightattemptsbutonlytenkills.RoughlyIt’sabouttwentydaytimeattemptsforonekill.WhenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterholetheywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanyseconD.Thekillistheexcitingmomentintheday-to-daylifeofthelionsincethesegreatanimalsspendmostoftheirtimeabout20hoursadaysleepingandresting.Lionsaresocialcatsandwhentheyarehavingaresttheylovetotoucheachother.Afterdrinkingatawaterholealionessrestsherheadonanother’sback.Whenwalkingyounglionsoftentouchfaceswitholderonesanactofclosetiesimongmembersofthegroup.60.Bydescribinglionsasopportunistsinthefirstparagraphtheauthormeanstosaythatlions_____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat61.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.LionsmakemostkillsinthedaytimE.B.Malescaremoreabouteatingthanactivekilling.C.Lionsarecuriousaboutthingshappeningaroundthem.D.Itdoesn’ttakelionstoomuchtimetomakeakill.62.Howcanweknowthatlionsaresocialanimals?A.Theydependoneachother.B.Theylookaftereachotherwell.C.TheyreadilysharewhattheyhavE.D.Theyenjoyeachother’scompany.63.Whatwouldbethebesttiltleforthetext?A.PowerfulLionsB.LionsatWorkandPlayC.LionsSocialCatsD.LionsSkilledHunters
GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans.Carver’sfirststepwastoanalyzeplantpartstofindoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolatedsubstanceswithothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.CarverwasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltimE.Todaythescienceofchemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics合成纤维织物.Eachdaypeopledependonandusesyntheticsmadefromrawmaterials.AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerialsandwarnedofthegrowingneedtodevelopsubstitutes代用品forthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedupbyhumans.CarvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreateD.Henevertriedtopatent申请专利hisdiscoveriesorgetwealthyfromthem.HeturneddownmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomeascientistinprivateindustry.ThomasEdisoninventoroftheelectriclightofferedhimalaboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearch.WhentheUnitedStatesgovernmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDiseaseSurveyoftheDepartmentofAgricultureheacceptedthepositionwiththeunderstandingthathewouldn’tleaveTuskegeE.Anauthorityonplantdisease—especiallyofthefungus真菌variety—Carversenthundredsofspecimens标本totheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturE.AtthepeakofhiscareerCarver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.ItmainlytellsusaboutGorgeWashingtonCarveragreatchemurgist.B.Itmainlytellsusaboutchemurgy.C.ItmainlytellsusabouttheresearchmadeinTuskegeE.D.Itmainlytellsusaboutthedevelopmentofmakingsynthetics.Theunderlinedworddisposalinthesecondparagraphmean________.A.controlB.throwingawayC.managementD.keepingWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Makeastudyofplantparts.B.Makenewproductsoutoffarmproducts.C.CarverhelpedtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturE.D.MakeastudyonanimaldiseasE.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.CarverneverpatentedwhathediscovereD.B.Carverrefusedmanyofferstoworkinprivatecompanies.C.Carvermadelittlemoneyoutofhisdiscoveries.D.CarverhelpedEdisoninventelectriclight.
EItdoesn’tmatterwhenandhowmuchapersonsleepsbuteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalivE.That’swhatalldoctorsthoughtuntiltheyheardaboutAlHerpin.AlHerpinitwassaidneverslept.Couldthisbetrue?Thedoctorsdecidedtoseethisstrangemanthemselves.AlHerpinwas90yearsoldwhenthedoctorscametohishomeinNewJersey.TheythoughtforsurethathegotsomesleepofsomekinD.SotheystayedwithhimandwatchedeverymovementhemadE.ButtheyweresurpriseD.Thoughtheywatchedhimhourafterhouranddayafterdaytheyneversawhimsleeping.InfacthedidnotevenownabeD.HeneverneededonE.TheonlyrestthatHerpinsometimesgotwassittinginacomfortablechairandreadingnewspapers.Thedoctorswerepuzzledbythisstrangecontinuoussleeplessness.Theyaskedhimmanyquestionshopingtofindananswer.Theyfoundonlyoneanswerthatmightexplainhiscondition.Herpinrememberedsometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredseveraldaysbeforehewasborn.Butthatwasall.Wasthistherealreason?NoonecouldbesurE.Herpindiedattheageof94.47.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_____A.largenumbersofpeopledonotneedsleepB.apersonwasfoundwhoactuallydidn’tneedanysleepC.everyoneneedssomesleeptostayaliveD.peoplecanlivelongerbytryingnottosleep48.AfterwatchinghimcloselythedoctorscametobelievethatAlHerpin_____A.neededsomekindofsleepB.wastoooldtoneedanysleepC.needednosleepatallD.oftensleepinachair49.OnereasonthatmightexplainHerpin’ssleeplessnesswas_____A.hismother’sinjurybeforehewasbornB.thathehadgraduallygotridofthesleepinghabitC.hismagnificentphysicalconditionD.thathehadn’tgotabed50.AlHerpin’sconditioncouldberegardedas______A.acommononeB.onethatcouldbecuredC.veryhealthyD.arareone
Exceptforthesunthemoonlookslikethebiggestobjectinthesky.Actuallyitisoneofthesmallestandonlylooksbigbecauseitissoneartous.Itsdiameter直径isonly2160miles3339kmoralittlemorethanaquarterofthediameteroftheearth.Onceamonthormoreexactlyonceevery29.5daysatthetimewecallfullmoonitswholedisclooksbright.Atothertimesonlypartofitappearsbrightandwealwaysfindthatthisisthepartwhichfacestowardsthesunwhilethepartracingawayfromthesunappearsdark.Peoplecouldmaketheirpicturesbetteriftheykeptthisinmind—onlythosepartsofthemoonwhicharelightedupbythesunarebrighter.Thisshowsthatthemoongivesnolightofitsown.Itonlythrowsbackthelightofthesunlikeahugemirrorhunginthesky.Yetthedarkpartofthemoon’ssurfaceisnotcompletelyblack;usuallyitisjustlightenoughforustobeabletoseeitsshapesothatwespeakofseeingtheoldmooninthenewmoon’sarms.Thelightbywhichweseetheoldmoondoesnotcomefromthesunbutfromtheearth.Weknowwellhowthesurfaceoftheseaorofsnoworevenofawetroadmaythrowbackuncomfortablymuchofthesun’slightontoourfaces.Inthesamewaythesurfaceofthewholeearththrowsbackenoughofthesun’slightontothefaceofthemoonforustobeabletoseethepartsofitwhichwouldotherwisebedark.72.Whyisthedarkpartofthemoonnotcompletelyblack?A.Thesunshinesonthemoon’ssurfacE.B.Theearththrowsbacksunlightontothemoon.C.Themoonthrowsbackthelightfromthesun.D.Themoonhaslightofitsown.73.Theunderlinedworddiscinthesecondparagraphrefersto_______.A.aroundplateB.aroundrecordC.themoonthatreflectssunlightD.themoonwhichlookslikearoundplate74.Bysayingtheoldmooninthenewmoon’sarmswemeanatimewhen______.A.thetwomoonsarecloselylinkedB.thenewmoonisatitsbrightestC.themoonispartlybrightandpartlydarkD.thenewmoonishuggingtheoldmoon75.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Themoonwhichappearsroundatitsbrightestiscalledfullmoon.B.Themoon’sdiameterisexactlyonefourthofthatoftheearth.C.ThelightbywhichweseetheoldmooncomesfromthesunD.Thepartofthemoonwhichisnotlightedbythesuniscompletelydark.
第二部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分ASavingthePlanetwithEarth-FriendlyBambooProductsJackieHeinricher’sloveaffairwithbamboostartedinherbackyarD.AsachildIrememberplayingamongthegoldenbamboomydadhadplantedandwhentherewasaslightwindthebamboossoundedreallymusical.A.fisheriesbiologistHeinricher47plannedtoworkinthesalmonindustryinSeattlewhereshelivedwithherhusbandGuyThornburghbutshefoundittoocompetitivE.Thenhergardengavehertheideaforabusiness:She’dplanted20bambooforestsontheirseven-acrefarm.HeinricherstartedBoo-ShootGardensin1998.SherealizedearlyonwhatisjustnowbeginningtobeknowntotherestoftheworlD.Itcanbeusedtomakefishingpolesskateboardsbuildingsfurniturefloorsandevenclothing.Anaddedbonus:Bambooabsorbsfourtimesasmuchcarbondioxideasagroupofhardwoodtreesandreleases35percentmoreoxygen.Firstshehadtofindawaytomass-producetheplants—atoughtasksincebambooflowerscreateseedonlyonceevery50to100years.Anddividingabambooplantfrequentlykillsit.HeinricherappealedtoRandyBurratissuecultureexperttohelpher.Peoplekepttellinguswe’dneverfigureitoutsaysHeinricher.Othershadworkedonitfor27years!IbelievedinwhatweweredoingthoughsoIjustkeptgoing.Shewasrighttofeelasenseofurgency.BambooforestsarebeingrapidlyusedupandaUnitedNationsreportshowedthateventhoughbambooishighlyrenewableasmanyashalfoftheworld’sspeciesarethreatenedwithdyingout.Heinricherknewthatbamboocouldmakeasignificantimpactoncarbonemissions排放andworldeconomiesbutonlyifhugenumberscouldbeproduceD.Andthat’sjustwhatsheandBurrfiguredoutafternineyearsofexperiments—awaytogrowmillionsofplants.Byplacingcuttingsintesttubeswithsaltsvitaminsplanthormonesandseaweedgeltheygottheplantstogrowandthenraisedtheminsoilingreenhouses.NotlongafteritBurr’slabhitfinancialdifficulties.Heinricherhadnoexperiencerunningatissuecultureoperationbutshewasn’tpreparedtoquit.SosheboughtthelaB.TodayHeinricherheadsupaprofitablemultimillion-dollarcompanyworkingonspeciesfromallovertheworldandsellingthemtowholesalers.Ifyouwanttofarmbambooit’shardtodowithouttheyoungplantsandthat’swhatwehaveshesaysproudly.56.Whatwasthemainproblemwithplantingbamboowidely?A.Theydidn’thaveenoughyoungbamboo.B.TheywereshortofmoneyandexperiencE.C.Theydidn’thaveabigenoughfarmtodoit.D.TheywerenotunderstoodbyotherpeoplE.57.WhatdoesHeinricherthinkofbamboo?A.RenewableandacceptableB.ProductiveandflexiblE.C.Usefulandearth-friendly.D.StrongandprofitablE.58.TheunderlinedwordrenewableinParagraph6probablymeans________.A.abletobereplacednaturallyB.abletoberaiseddifficultlyC.abletobeshapedeasilyD.abletoberecycledconveniently59.Whatdoyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Heinricher’sloveforbambooledtoherexperimentsinthelaB.B.Heinricher’sdeterminationhelpedhertosucceedinherwork.C.Heinricherstruggledtopreventbamboofromdisappearing.D.Heinricherfinallysucceededinrealizingherchildhooddream.
Asskiesarefilledwithmillionsofmigrating迁徙birdsEuropeanscientistssaytheseasonalwonderappearstobestrange:Thefatterthebirdthebetteritflies.Theresultsoftheirstudyledtoatheoryoppositetoacentraloneofaerodynamics空气动力学whichsaysthatthepowerneededtoflyincreaseswithweight.Forbirdsobviouslythecostofflyingwithheavyfatismuchsmallerthanweusedtothink.Researchersfoundthatredknotwadingbirdsdoubletheirnormalbodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflightbetweentheBritishIslesandtheRussianArctiC.Distance:5000kilometers.AnotherstudyinthemagazineNaturemeasuredtheadvantageofflyinginanaerodynamicgroupwhichallowsbirdstosaveenergybyflyingsmoothlyandquietlyintheleadbird’sairstream.Flyingingroupstheirheartrateswere14.5percentlowerthanflyingaloneaccordingtoHenriaFrenchscientist.Thefindingshelpexplainhowbirdscompletedifficultmigrations.ResearchershadthoughtthatthinnerstrongerbirdswouldhavethebestchancetosurvivE.Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduringthemigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditionalweight.Inthestudyresearcherssaidtheirteamstudiedthebirdsflownatdifferentbodyweightsduring28simulated模拟的flights.Theyforcedasmallamountofspecialwaterintothebirds’bodiessothattheycouldmeasuretheamountofenergyburntduringtheflight.60.Aredknotwadingbirdof100gramswillprobablyweigh_____beforemakingitsnonstopmigratingflight.A.50gramsB.100gramsC.150gramsD.200grams61.Duringtheirmigratingflightredknotwadingbirdscansaveenergybyflying_______.A.separatelyB.aloneC.ingroupsD.inpairs62.A_______rednotwadingbirdhasabetterchancetosurviveduringitsmigratingflight.A.strongerB.weakerC.thinnerD.fatter63.Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe________.A.BirdsThinDownForJourneyB.BirdsFattenUpForJourneyC.HowBirdsBuildUpFatForJourneyD.HowBirdsBurnEnergyForJourney
CNotevenDanBrownandhisDaVincicode—breakers密码破译者dareddealwiththemysteryofMonaLisassmilE.ButNicuSebeacomputerexperttheUniversityofAmsterdamtheNetherlandsdiD.Heused’emotionrecognition’softwaretoprocessthefamouspaintingandfoundMonaLisahappy83percentandslightlydisgusted厌烦的9percent.Facesshowemotions.Psychologycomputerscienceandengineeringresearchersarejoiningforcestoteachmachinestoreadexpressions.IftheysucceedyourcomputermayonedayreadyourmooD.Machinesequippedwithemotionalskillscouldalsobeusedinteachinggamingmind-readingetC.MindReaderasystemdevelopedbyRosalindPicardatMITtheMassachusettsInstituteofTech’nologyintheUSusesinputfromavideocameratodoreal—timeanalysisoffacialexpressions.Itreportsonwhetheryouseeminterestedoragreeableorifyou’reconfused.Thesystemcanhelppeoplerecognizeothers’emotions.Picardsaysthismeanswecouldteachamachinetobeassensitiveasahuman.Infactamachinecanbeevensmarterthanpeoplesinceitcantellifapersonislyingorjustperformingbyanalyzingone’sfacialmovements.JeffreyCohnapsychologistattheUniversityofPittsburghusestheFacialActionCodingSystemtorecognizehumanemotions.Thesystemsortsmorethan40actionunitsAUsofthefacetotellpeople’srealemotions.HestudiedavideotapeofacriminalwhosaidtobesadaboutthemurderofseveralfamilymembersandtriedtopintheblameonsomeoneelsE.ButCohnsawnorealsadnessinthewoman’sfacE.SadnessisagroupofAUsthatisdifficulttodoatthesametimE.Youhavetopulldownthewoman’sofyourlipswhilebringingyoureyebrowstogetherandraisingthem.Whatthewomandidwasraisehercheekstomakealipcud撇嘴Herbrowsstayedsmooth.64.Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.TheemotiononyourfaceB.LookatyourfaceC.YourfacetellsastoryD.Tellingalie65.ThemissingsentenceThismeanseventhoughyourmouthliceyourfacedoesn’tandthemachinewillknowitall.shouldbeputattheendof___________.A.Paragraph2B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4D.Paragraph566.Howmanyfacialemotionanalysesarementionedinthispassage?A.Four.B.ThreE.C.Two.D.One67.Theunderlinedworditrefersto________.A.MITB.thevideocameraC.one’sfaceemotionD.thereal—timeanalysis
File-sharingoccurswheneveroneindividualsendsafiletoanother.TheonlywaytoeventrytolimitthisprocessistomonitorallcommunicationbetweenordinarypeoplE.DespitethecrackdownonNapsterKazaaandotherpeer-to-peer对等网络servicesoverthepastdecadethevolumeoffile-sharinghasgrownexponentially.Eveniftheauthoritiescloseddownallotherpossibilitiespeoplecouldstillsendcopyrightedfilesasattachmentstoe-mailsorthroughprivatenetworks.Ifpeoplestartdoingthatshouldwegivethegovernmenttherighttomonitorallmailandallencrypted加密networks?Whenevertherearewaysofcommunicatinginprivatetheywillbeusedtosharecopyrightedmaterial.IfyouwanttostoppeopledoingthisyoumustremovetherighttocommunicateinprivatE.Thereisnootheroption.SocietyhastomakeachoicE.Theworldisatacrossroads.TheinternetandnewinformationtechnologiesaresopowerfulthatnomatterwhatwedosocietywillchangE.ButthedirectionhasnotbeendecideD.TheinternetitstillinitsinfancybutalreadyweseefantasticthingsappearingasifbymagiC.TakeLinuxthefreecomputeroperatingsystemorWikipediathefreeencyclopediA.Butwheretechnologyopensupnewpossibilitiesourintellectualpropertylawsdotheirbesttorestrictthem.Linuxisheldbackbypatentstherestoftheexamplesbycopyright.Thepublicincreasinglyrecognizestheneedforreform.Ourmanifesto声明istoreformcopyrightlawsandgraduallyabolish废除thepatentsystem.Weopposemasssurveillance监视andcensorship审查制度onthenetasintherestofsociety.WeintendtodevoteallourtimeandenergytoprotectingthebasalcivillibertiesonthenetandelsewherE.PoliticaldecisionstakenoverthenextfiveyearsarelikelytosetthecoursewetakeintotheinformationsocietyandwillaffectthelivesofmillionsformanyyearsintothefuturE.Theinformationrevolutionishappeninghereandnow.Itisuptoustodecidewhatfuturewewant.41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Overthepastdecadethevolumeoffile-sharinghasincreaseddoubly.B.Overthepastdecadeotherpeer-to-peer对等网络serviceshavebeenbeatendown.C.CopyrightlawsshouldbereformeD.D.File-sharingoccursunlessafileissentontheInternet.42.Intheopinionofthewriterthegovernment________.A.hastomakeachoiceB.shouldstoppeoplesharingthecopyrightedfilesC.shouldn'tstoppeoplesharingthecopyrightedfilesD.shouldmonitorallthemailandallencrypted加密networks43.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis____________.A.tohavethebasalcitizen'sfreedomonthenetandelsewhereB.toestablishthepatentsystemC.toabolishcopyrightlawsD.toreformcomputeroperatingsystem44.TheunderlinedwordrestrictinParagraph3mostprobablymeans__________.A.removeB.limitC.closeD.reform45.Wecaninferfromthepassage_______________.A.A.newinformationrevolutionwillbecoming.B.Peoplewon'tsharecopyrightedmaterialonthenetC.PeoplecansharethefreeencyclopediaD.ThefutureoftheInternetwillrelyonthegovernment
HoneybeesaredisappearingforunknownreasonsaroundtheUnitedStates.Lastwinterbeesdisappearedfrom23percentofAmericanbeekeepingbusinesses.Causesofthephenomenonhoweverhaveremainedamystery.NowscientistsfromseveraluniversitiesandtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturesaytheyhaveapossibleexplanationforthebeedecline数量下降.ItisalittleknownviruscalledIsraeliacute--paralysisvirusIAPV.Theviruskillsbees.ResearchersinIsraelfirstdescribeditin2004butuntilnowbeeexpertshadn’tpaidmuchattentiontoit.WhentryingtofindoutwhythebeesweredisappearingaresearchteamatColumbiaUniversitystudiedbeecolonies群体somewithandtheotherswithoutdeclinE.Theresearchturneduplargenumbersoftwotypesoffungi真菌oncesuspectedofcausingthebeedeclinE.TheresearchresultshowevershowedthatthefungiwerealmostascommonincolonieswithoutadeclineastheywereincolonieswithadeclinE.Theresearchersconcludedthatthetwofungiprobablyweren’tthecausE.StudiesofthepresenceofIAPVhowevershowedmoreinterestinginformation.InthosestudiesdonebyateamatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityinUniversityParkthevirusshowedupin83percentofsamplesfromcolonieswithsymptoms症状.Onlyfivepercentofsamplesfromsymptomlesscolonieshadit.Scientistsstilldon’tknowwhetherIAPIVcansingle--handedlycausethebeedeclinE.Theybelievethatevenifthevirusismakingcoloniessickitcouldhaveapartnerincrime.It’spossibleforinstancethatinsectsorchemicalsintheenvironmentweakenbeesmakingthemmorelikelytocatchIAPV.ScientistsarestilltryingtofigureouthowIAPVcametotheUnitedStates.TheUnitedStatescurrentlyallowsbeeproductstobeimportedfromCanadaAustraliaandNewZealanD.IfitturnsoutthatthistradeisspreadingdiseasetherulesmighteventuallychangE.AccordingtothepassageIAPVisavirusthat______.A.hasn’tattractedmuchattentionB.well-knowntodoctorsandscientistC.wasfirstfoundbyAustrianresearchersD.isdangeroustoanimalsandhumanbeingsTheunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans______.A.theviruscouldalsocauseotherdamagesB.theremustbesomethingthatistherealcauseC.IAPVisnottheonlycauseforthebeedeclineD.thevirusmaybecausedbythepollutedenvironmentFromthethirdandfourthparagraphsweknowresearchersdrawtheirconclusionsbymeansof_______.A.calculatingB.comparingC.examiningD.investigatingWhatstillremainsunknowntoAmericanscientistsaccordingtothepassage?A.HowandwhytokillIAPV.B.HowIAPVcametoAmericA.C.WhetherbeeproductsshouldbeimporteD.D.HowtochangetherulesofthebeeproductstradE.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.A.BeeDiseaseB.HowtoKillIAPVC.AVirus—IAPVD.TwoTypesofFungi
CWhatisitthatmakespeoplehappy?Youthhealthagoodjobgoodlooksaflashcar?NoneofthesethingsSpanishexpertssay.Theconcept概念ofhappinessisthoughttobedeterminedbygeneticswhiletherestdependsonchildhoodenvironmentandtheprocess过程ofgrowingup.PerhapsthemostsurprisingthingabouthappinessiscomingunderincreasinglycloseexaminationinSpain.Asthenationrisestothecluboftheworld'swealthiestcountriespeoplearediscoveringthatmaterial物质的thingsdonotbringhappiness.MostpeopleusemoneyasameasureofhumanvaluesaysJesusYnfanteauthorofabookonSpain's300biggestfortunes.Expensiveproductsareregardedasthebest.TherichareadmiredsimplyforbeingrichYnfantesaiD.Yetpsychologists心理学家warnthathappinessasamomentofecstaticpleasure狂喜--somethingthatbydefinition定义cannotlast--whileothersspeakofitaspeaceandacceptanceofoneself.Polls问卷调查indifferentcountriesindicatethatbetween65and85percentoftheworld'spopulationregardthemselvesasreasonablyhappy.Around40percentofaperson'shappinessisthatithaslittletodowithagehealthwealthorothervaluesthoughttobeimportantinWesternsociety.FormostSpaniardshappinessislinkedwithfeelingclosetootherpeoplE.Happypeopleaccepttheirlimitationsandsetthemselvesreachablegoalsexpertssay.Therearelife-stylechoicesthatfavourhappinesssuchasexerciseeatingcarbohydratesandexposingoneselftosunlight.Butthemainsecretofhappinessistotakepleasureinsmallthings.Ifyouaregivenachoicebetweeneternal永久的happinessandacheesesandwichtakethesandwichadvisesmusicianJulianHernandez.58.Spainasthispassagetellsus__________.A.hasbuiltmoreclubsthantheothercountriesB.hasownedthelargestgroupofexpertsC.hasbecomeoneoftherichestcountriesintheworldD.hasproducedthemostwealthintheworld59.ItcanbeconcludedthatJesusYnfanteis__________.A.afamousexpertB.afamouspsychologistC.oneoftherichestSpaniardsD.familiarwiththerichestSpaniards60.Aspsychologistswarninthispassagepeoplecan'tfeelhappyevenifthey_________.A.havetoomuchmoneyB.onlycareaboutthemselvesC.don'tdoanyhomeworkD.haveafewrelations61Happypeopleaswecanfindinthispassage__________.A.arealwaysfulloffeelingsB.arealwaysborninrichfamiliesC.alwaysenjoyeveryachievementtheygetD.alwayslookdownuponthemselves
AInsomniaistheinabilitytofallasleeporsleeprestfully.Itisaproblemtonearlyeveryoneatsometime.ApersonmaybeawakeforanhourinthemiddleofthenightandthennextmorningfeelthathehardlysleepallnightNormallyworryaboutnotgettingenoughsleepistheworstaspectofmostinsomniA.Ifinsomniaisrecurrenthoweveritisimportanttofinditscausesandtrytocorrectthemwiththehelpofadoctorifnecessary.Anyofalargenumberofsimplefactorsmaytakeitdifficultforsomeonetofallasleeporremainasleep.HismattersmaybetoosoftortooharD.Iftherearetoomanyblanketsonahotnighthemaybetoowarm;ifthebedclothesaretoolighthemayfeelcoldduringthenight.Ifitisnotdarkenoughortoonoisythismaycausedifficultyinsleeping.EatingshortlybeforegoingtobedalsoberesponsibleforinsomniA.StimulatingdrinkssuchasteaorcoffeecanalsokeeppeopleawakE.Inabilitytofallasleepissometimesasymptomofemotionalormentaldisorders.InsomniamayalsobecausedbypainandveryrarelyitcanbeasymptomofaphysicaldiseasE.Thecauseofinsomniamaybeeasytocorrect.Thesufferershouldcheckthemattressbedclothesandbedroomtemperatureandmakeanynecessarychanges.Aneyemaskkeepsoutthenightandear-plugsshutoutsounD.Heshouldrelaxforanhourortwobeforebedtimeperhapsbyreadingabook;watchingTVortakingawarmbath.IfhewakesduringthenightheshouldtryturningonthelightandreadingforawhilE.Takingwarmmilkandabiscuitortwomaybehelpful.Aboveallheshouldtrynottoworryaboutsleeplessnesswhensomeoneistiedenoughhenearlyalwaysfallsasleep.Ifnecessaryadoctormayprescribetranquillizersorsleepingpills.Takeonlythedosageheprescribes;anymoreisdangerous.1.Accordingtothewriterinsomniais______.[A.]arareproblem[B.]asignofillness[C.]acommoncomplaint[D.]amoderndisease2.Peoplewhohavedifficultysleepingshouldsleepin_____.[A.]alightroom[B.]adarkroom[C.]acoldroom[D.]awarmroom3.Insomnianeed’tbetakenseriouslybecause_______.[A.]peoplecancatchonsleepduringtheday.[B.]manypeoplesleepfartoomuch.[C.]itcaneasilybecuredbydoctors.[D.]itiscurednaturallybytiredness.4.Themaincureforinsomniais_____.[A.]nottoreadtoomuchatnight[B.]nottoeattoomuchforsupper[C.]nottowatchtoomuchtelevision[D.]nottogettooanxiousaboutsleeping
CWhydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelargeststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosetheirpumpingpowerwithagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20-25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellsthatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittlelossofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.ThisgenderdifferencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80focusingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamhasyettofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.GoldspinkstressedthatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmusclesbecomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.69.Theunderlinedwordlongevityinthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto________.A.healthB.longlifeC.ageingD.effect70.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.men’sheartcellsB.women’sageingprocessC.thegenderdifferenceD.heartsandlonglife71.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat________.A.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage72.Ifyouwanttolivelongeryoushould________.A.enableyourhearttobeatmuchfasterB.findoutthereasonforageingC.exerciseregularlytokeepyourhearthealthyD.preventyourcellsfrombeinglost
C1970wasWorldConservation自然保护Year.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknowthattheworldisindanger.Theyhopedthatpeoplewouldactquicklyinordertoconservenature大自然.Hereisoneexampleoftheproblem.Atonetimetherewere1300differentplantstreesandflowersinHollandbutnowonly866remain.Theothershavebeendestroyedbymodernman.Itissaidthattherearetensofthousandsofkindsofanimalsintheworldbutnowmanyhavediedout绝种.Wearechangingtheearththeairandwaterandeverythingthatgrowsandlives.Wecan'tlivewithoutthesethings.Ifwecontinuelikethisweshalldestroyourselves.WhatwillhappeninthefuturePerhapsitismoreimportanttoaskWhatmustwedonowThepeoplewhowillbelivingintheworldoftomorrowaretheyoungoftoday.A.lotofthemknowthatconservationisnecessary.ManyarehelpingtosaveourworlD.Theyplanttreesbuildbridgesacrossriversandsoon.InasmalltownintheUnitedStatesalargegroupofgirlscleanedthebanksof11kilometresoftheirriver.YoungpeoplemayhearaboutconservationthrougharecordcalledNoone'sgoingtochangeourworlD.ItwasmadebytheBeatlesCliffRichardandothersingers.Themoneyfromitwillhelptoconservewildanimals.65Noone'sgoingtochangeourworldwas.A.animportantbookpublishedin1970B.anideathatnobodywouldaccept接受C.arecordcallingonpeopletoconservenatureD.anewspaperreportin197066What'sthemostimportantthingforustodotosaveourworldA.WeshouldknowwhatwillhappeninthefuturE.B.Weshouldplantmoretreesandflowers.C.Weshouldcleanthebanksofourrivers.D.WemustdowhatwemustdotosaveourworlD.67What'sthemainideaofthepassageA.1970wasWorldConservationYear.B.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknowthattheworldisindanger.C.Conservationisnecessary.D.YoungpeoplearehelpingtosaveourworlD.
Astronauts’mealshavecomealongwayfromthefree-driedpowdersandsemi—liquidpastesofdecadesagonowUSscientistswanttogrowvegetablesinmini—greenhousesonthemoon.ScientistssaytheyarelookingforwardtoatimewhenresidentsoffuturelunarorevenMartianoutstepswillbeabletodineonfreshvegetables.ParagonSpaceDevelopmentCorporationhasunveiledwhatitcalledthefirststeptowardgrowingflowers——andeventuallyfoodonthemoon.Thisisasealedgreenhousethatlookslikeabelljarencasedina46-cmtriangularaluminiumframE.Itisdesignedtosafelylandalaboratoryplantonthelunarsurfaceandprotectitwhileitgrows.TheminiaturegreenhouseistobelaunchedintospacebyOdysseyMoonLtdaparticipantintheGoogleLunarXPrizE.Thiscompetitionoffers$21milliontoanyentrantwhocanlaunchlandandoperatearoveronthelunarsurfacE.ParagonofficialssayfuturetestingoftheLunarOasiswillbedrivenbyOdyssey’sflightSchedulewhichwillnothappenuntil2012attheearliest.WhenitdoesliftoffthegreenhousewillcontaintheseedsofBrassicaahardyplantrelatedtoBrusselssproutsandcabbagE.BecauseBrassicagoesfromseedtoflowerinjust14daysitcancompleteitslifecycleinasinglelunarnight.ColonizingtheMoonorMarsseemssofarawaybutitisimportantthatwedothisresearchnow.ParagonpresidentJanePoyntersaiD.Ittakesalongtimetogetalotofresearchandtogetintegratedreliableefficientsystemsbeforecolonistsmovein.shesaiD.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto__________.A.predicttheastronauts’mealsinthefutureB.introduceanexperimentLunarOasis’’C.tellusthefuturedevelopmentofastronomyD.focusonthehuman’sgreatprogressThearticleimpliesthat__________.A.astronautscangrowflowersinspaceatpresentB.ParagonandNASAwillcarryoutthetestseparatelyC.LunarOasisisaseriesofexperimentscarriedoutinspaceD.theearliesttestingoftheLunarOasismaybein2012Theunderlinedwordcolonistsinthelastparagraphprobablyhasthemeaningof______.A.plantsB.wildbeastsC.humanbeingsD.scientistsTheseedsofBrassicawillbecontainedinthegreenhousemainlybecause_________.A.theirlifecycleismuchshorterB.theyaremorenutritiousthanotherfoodC.theyarerelatedtoBrusselssproutsandcabbageD.theyareverydelicious
Somespidershuntonthegroundothersbuildwebstotraptheirfoodbutthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.ThisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoesdamselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreeD.AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealandithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmealandthereisbarelyaripple波纹whenitskims掠过acrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey.Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.Afteramealthegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgrooming修饰itself.Itwipesitseighteyesbrushesitsantennae触角andtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody.Itisthehairsthattraptinybubbles泡沫ofairsothatthespidercanrundownablade叶片ofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrighteneD.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdryevenunderwater.Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermatingsheproducesalargeeggsac囊whichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.OncetheeggsstarttohatchsheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistlE.ShethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweB.Howdoesthegrasswaterspiderkillitsprey?A.inawebB.bydrowningC.bypoisoningD.withitsantennaethewriterdescribesthespecialspiderasspecialbecause_______.A.itwalksonwaterB.ithaseighteyesC.ofitshairyappearanceD.ofthewayitproducesitsyoungThepassagetellsusthatthespider______.A.feedsgrassandthistlestoitsyoung.B.livesonbladesofgrassunderthewaterC.livesinthegrassonthebanksofstreamsD.eatsamealonceeveryfiveweeksThepurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.convincereadersthatspidersaredangerousB.indicatethatthegrasswaterspiderisendangeredC.listallofthespidersthatcanbefoundinNewZealandD.describethecharacteristicsofthegrasswaterspider
YouareaGermanlivinginBerlin.Onedayyou’rewalk??ingdownthestreetmindingyourownbusinesswhensudden??lyastrangercomesupwithasmileonhisfacE.Afterstoppingyouheholdsasmallelectronicdevice装置closetohisfaceandspeaksslowlyintoitsayinginEnglishCanyoutellmewhereIcanbuysomesauerkraut?Whatshouldyoudo?aRunaway;bCallthepolice;orcListencloselyforthedevicetosayinGermanKonnenSiemirbittesagenwelchessauerkrauthaufenkann?Themostproperanswerwouldbecbecausethepersoninfrontofyouisonlyatouristtryingtoenjoyhimself.Thede??viceissaidtobetheworld’sfirstportable便携的translator—ahand-heldmicrocomputerthatatthesametimetranslatesonespokenlanguageintoanother.Thefour-poundbattery-op??eratedproductiscalledtheVoiceanditistheinventionofAdvancedProductsandTechnologiesanAmericanelectronicscompany.WhentheVoiceisintroducedintheUniteStatesinlateApril—atapriceof1500—itwillbeusedtotrans??latespokenEnglishintoItalianGermanFrenchandSpan??ish.Theproductcomeswithseparatecartridges盒式存储器foreachofthefourlanguageswhichcanbechangedwhentheusertravelsfromonecountrytoanother.ItwillbesoldinEu??ropesoonaftertheUSintroductionwithcartridgesthattrans??lateItalianGermanFrenchandSpanishintoEnglish.TheVoiceusesamicrochip微型集成电路片totrans??latelanguages.ItisStartedbyvoicecommandandproducesvoiceoutputthroughabuilt-inspeaker.WhentheusermakesastatementorasksaquestiontheVoiceimmediatelyrepeatswhathasbeensaidinanotherlanguagE.Thedeviceheldbythestrangerisprobablyakindof________.A.atwo-wayradioB.languagetranslatorC.easily-carriedspeakerD.amulti-functionedcomputerWhatdoesthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmean?A.CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuysomesauerkraut?B.CanIaskforsomeinformationfromthepolice?C.Wouldyouliketotrymydevice?D.WouldyounotrunawayifIaskyouwheretobuysomesauerkraut?WhenthestrangersaysCanyoutell...sauerkraut?heis________.A.learningGermanfromhisdeviceB.askingyouthewaytothesauerkrautshopC.makingfunofyouwithhisdeviceD.testinghisdeviceforfunWhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?A.Thepriceofthehand-heldmicrocomputer.B.ThefunctionoftheproductVoicE.C.TheproducerpfthesmallelectronicdevicE.D.ThenumberofthedevicesoldtotheEuropeancoun??tries.
It`s2035.Youhaveajobafamilyandyou`reabout40yearsold!WelcometoyourfuturelifE.Gettingreadyforworkyoupauseinfrontofthemirror.Turnredyousay.YourshirtchangesfromskybluetodeepreD.Tinypreprogrammedelectronics智能电子元件arerearrangedinyourshirttochangeitscolor.Lookingintothemirroryoufindithardtobelieveyou`re40.Youlookmuchyounger.Withamazingadvancesinmedicinepeopleinyourgenerationmaylivetobe150yearsolD.You`renotevenmiddle-aged!AsyougointothekitchenandpreparetopouryourbreakfastcerealintoabowlyouhearToloseweightyoushouldn`teatthat.fromyourshoes.Theyreadthetinyelectroniccode电子源码onthecerealboxtofindoutthenutritiondetails.Youdecidetolistentoyourshoes.KitchenwhatcanIhaveforbreakfast?A.listofpossiblefoodsappearsonthecounterasthekitchenchecksitsfoodsupplies.Readyforyourtriptospace?youaskyoursonanddaughter.In2005onlyspeciallytrainedastronautswentintospace–andveryfewofthem.Todayanyonecangotospacefordaytripsorlongervacations.YourbestfriendevenworksinspacE.HandingyourchildrenthreestrawberrieseachyouaddThedoctorsaidyouneedtheseforspacetravel.Thankstomedicaladvancesvaccinationshots防疫针areathingofthepast.Ordinaryfoodscontainspecialvaccines.Withtheberriesintheirmouthsthekidsheadforthefrontdoor.It`stimeforyoutogotowork.Yourcarchecksyourfingerprintsandunlocksthedoors.MyofficE.Autopilot.youcommanD.Yourcardrivesitselfdowntheroadandmovessmoothlyintotrafficonthehighway.Yousitbackandunrollyoure-newspaper.Thelatestnewsdownloadsandfillstheviewer.Lookingthroughthepagesyouwatchthenewsasvideofilmratherthanreadit.55.Whatchangedthecolorofyourshirt?A.ThemirrorB.TheshirtitselfC.ThecounterD.Themedicine56.Howdotheshoesknowthatyoushouldn`teatthebreakfastcereal?A.BypouringthebreakfastintoabowlB.Bylisteningtothedoctor`sadviceC.BytestingthefoodsuppliesinthekitchenD.Bycheckingthenutritiondetailsofthefood57.Thestrawberriesthechildreneatserveas________.A.breakfastB.lunchC.vaccinesD.nutrition58.Howisthetextorganised?A.inorderoftimeB.inorderoffrequencyC.inorderofpreferenceD.inorderofimportance
CSportnotonlyisphysicallychallengingbutitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticism批评fromcoachesparentsandotherteammatesaswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessive过度的amountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysicalemotionalorpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.BurnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyablE.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.ThesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplacE.Youngathletescanforexamplelearnhowtoworktogetherwithothersmakefriendsandgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeawareatalltimesthattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparent'sandcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw缺陷inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecarefulthatyouthsportparticipationdoesn'tbecometheworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting环境youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesdirecttheirattentionontheoutcome=resultandfindfaultwithyoungpeople’sperformances.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivates积极强化激励andhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Againcriticismcancreatehighlevelsofstresswhichcanleadtoburnout.74.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis________.A.toreducetheirmentalstressB.toincreasetheirsenseofstressC.tomakesportslesscompetitiveD.tomakesportsmorechallenging75.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.A.itcancreatehighlevelsofstressB.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves76.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould________.A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsB.helpchildrentowineverygameC.trainchildrentodeafwithstressD.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports77.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageisto________.A.teachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB.persuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC.stresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenD.discusstheskillofmixingcriticismwithencouragement
A.teamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat’shappeningintheirbrains.Whenyoulookatsomethingyoureyessendasignalaboutthatobjecttoyourbrain.DifferentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessenD.Cellsinyourbraincalledneurons神经元areresponsibleforthisprocessing.ThefMRIfunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging功能性磁共振造影brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbodyactiveneuronsuseoxygen.BloodbringsoxygentotheneuronsandthemoreactiveaneuronisthemoreoxygenitwillconsumE.Themoreactivearegionofthebrainthemoreactiveitsneuronsandinturnthemorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.AndbyusingfMRIscientistscanvisualizewhichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-richblood--andthereforewhichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinkslooksatsomethingorcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.ByhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimagesfMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjectslikepeopleanimalsandfruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthevolunteers'brainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Differentobjectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteers'brainstolightuponthescanindicatingactivity.ThescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagetheeyesseE.Inasecondtestthescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120newpictures.LikebeforetheirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedatanewimagE.ThistimethescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefMRIscanstotheimagE.Forexampleifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstronglyrelatedtopicturesofapplesinthefirsttesttheirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelookingatapples.51.Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?AA.smallregionofthebrain.BThecentralpartofthebrain.CNeuronsinthebrain.DOxygen-richblooD.52.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?ACellsinyourbrainarecalledneurons.BThemoreoxygenaneuronconsumesthemoreblooditneeds.CfMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverwhichpartsofthebrainprocessinformation.DfMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverhowthebraindevelopsintelligently.53.HighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkmeansAmarkingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformationBgivinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformationCputtingthepartsofthebraintoworkDstoppingthepartsofthebrainfromworking54.Whatdidtheresearchersexperimenton?AAnimalsobjectsandfruits.BTwovolunteers.CfMRImachines.DThousandsofpictures.55.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Mind-readingMachineB.ATechnologicalDreamC.DevicethatcanHelpYouCalculateD.TheRecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology
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