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A.smalltowninsouthwestBritainisbanning禁止plasticbagsinanattempttohelptheenvironmentandcutwaste—astepthatenvironmentalistsbelieveisafirstforEuropE.ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1500agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.TheysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinsteaD.LastmonthSanFrancisobecamethefirstU.S.citytobanplasticgrocerybags.InternationallylawstodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagshavebeenpassedinpartsofSouthAfricaandIrelandwheregovernmentseithertaxshopperswhousethemorfinecompaniesthathandthemout.Bangladeshalreadybansthemandsodoatleast30remoteAlaskanvillages.Modburyabout225milessouthwestofLondonhasalsodeclaredabagamnesty宽限期allowinglocalpeopletohandinplasticbagsthathavepiledupathomE.Theywillbesentfortraveling.TheModburybanwastheideaofRebeccaHoskingwhosawtheeffectofbagsonmarinelifewhileworkinginthePacificasawildlifecamerawoman.Shesaidresponse反应inthetownsofarhadbeenreallypositive.Modburyisquiteanold-fashionedtownandalotofpeoplehavewickerbasketstogooutshoppinganywayHoskingtoldSkyNewsTelevision.TheWorldwatchInstituteanenvironmentalresearchagencystatesthat100billionplasticbagsarethrownawayeachyearintheUnitedStatesalonE.Morethan500billionareusedyearlyaroundtheworlD.WhatwasRebeccaHosking?A.Alawyer.B.Anenvironmentalist.C.Asailor.D.Aphotographer.Theunderlinedworddisposableinthepassageprobablymeans_______.A.acceptableB.valuableC.throw-awayD.long-lastingItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.mostofthepeopleinModburycontinuetouseplasticbagsB.fewerandfewerplasticbagswillbeusedintheworldC.SanFranciscoisthefirstcitytobanplasticbagsintheworldD.mostcountriesintheworldhavepassedlawstobanplasticbagsWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EnvironmentalProtectionB.BigCitiesBanningPlasticBagsC.EffectofPlasticBagsonSeaAnimalsD.BritishTownBanningPlasticBags
SometimeearlyinthenextcenturyhumanbeingswillmovetoMars.Theywilllivethereforaboutayearandthenwillbereplacedwithanothergroupofpioneers.BuildingthebaseonMarswilladvanceourknowledgeofthesolarsystemandaidinourunderstandingoftheearth.WealreadyknowthatMarsresemblestheearthinmanyaspects:generalsizepresenceofwaterlengthofdayrangeoftemperatures.Theseresemblanceshavecausedmanypeopletoconsideracenturies-longproject:toterraformMars.Terraformingmeansalteringaplanet’ssurfacesothatEarth’slifeformscansurvivetherE.Thisconceptpreviouslyfoundonlyinsciencefictionisnowbeingseriouslyconsideredbyscientists.TerraformingMarsistheoreticallysimple:addnitrogenandoxygentotheatmosphere;pumpwatertothesurface;andaddtheearth’splantsandanimalsintheorderinwhichtheydevelopedonEarth.Butitwilltakeatleast300years.Somepeoplethinkthatsuchaprojectistoohugeforhumanstoundertakebutthereareverygoodreasonstomaketheattempt.Theearthnowcontainssome6billionpeopleandnoonehasanyideaofhowmanyhumanstheearthcansupport.Ourveryexistenceandnumbersarethreateningmanyotherspecies.Wealsohavehadsomeexperiencewithterraformingourownplanet:alteringthelandscapetheatmosphereandtheclimatE.Currentlyterraformingearthhasbecomeawiseractivityaswetrytocontrolglobalwarmingairandwaterpollutionandpreservesomenaturallivingplaces.WhilethepossibilityofsuchaprojectissmallitisnotimpossiblE.Evenifearth-boundsocietiescomeandgointhenext300yearstheprojectcancontinuethroughtheworkoftheMarssettlerswithouttheneedforconstantbackingfromtheearth.ThefutureexistenceofallthepeopleinourworldmayverywelldependuponourabilitytoterraformMars.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TerraformingMars.B.SavingtheEarth.C.TravellingtoMars.D.ANewly-foundPlacE.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordalteringmeaninthesecondparagraph?A.Warming.B.Changing.C.Planting.D.Building.AccordingtothepassagethemainpurposeofterraformingMarsisto___________.A.dosomescientificresearchworkB.findoutitssimilaritytoearthC.avoidthedyingawayofmanyotherspeciesD.findonMarslivingplacefortheincreasinghumanbeingsThemainreasonforcausingmanypeopletoconsiderterraformingMarsisthat_________.A.therearesomeresemblancesbetweenEarthandMars.B.terraformingMarsistheoreticallysimpleC.wehavehadsomeexperiencewithterraformingourownplanet:EarthD.thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyisveryrapidWhat’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject?A.OptimisticB.NegativE.C.Skeptical怀疑的D.ObjectivE.
第三部分阅读理解满分30分ASomescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceanareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels分贝inoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthelevelcanfrightenandconfuse使困惑whales.A.teamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudnoisescouldseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theyfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales’abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.Someresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjectto反对alimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistsagreethatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreatures生物intheocean.56.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundofice-breaking.57.ConcerningtheeffectofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Noisescouldkillthem.D.Noiseswillcausethemtolosetheireyesight.58.Somescientiststhinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelswould_________.A.preventthemdoingtheirresearchworkB.benefitthemalotintheirresearchworkC.dogoodtotheirhealthD.increasetheindustrialoutput59.Accordingtothelastparagraphwhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoisesintheseA.B.TheywillworkhardtomakenonoisE.C.TheywillneverdoanyscientificresearchintheseA.D.Theywillprotectseaanimalsfromharmfulnoises.
Scientistsarecloselyconcernedwiththestructureofbuildingsandwiththequalityofbuildingmaterials.TheWorldhealthOrganizationWHOobservesthattheintroductionofairconditioningandenergyconservation保护measureshavebeenaccompaniedbygrowingproblemsofindoorairquality.Somepollutantsarisefrominsulation隔音productssomefrommovingcarsandothersfrommodernhousingmaterials.AsmanyEuropeansspendupto90%oftheirlivesinbuildingsthehealtheffectsoftheindoorclimateareveryimportant.Someconstructionmaterialsincludingfiberboardinsulationfoamsandcertaingluesforman-madewoodfloorboardsforexamplegiveoutorganicproductssuchasformaldehyde甲醛.Heatandhumidityincreasethereleaseofformaldehydeandthegasseriouslyharmstheeyes.PaintlacqueretC.canalsoreleasedangerousgasintoindoorair.Constructionmaterialscancauseseriousdamageespeciallywhentheycontainasbestos石棉.AsbestosisnaturallypresentinrockformationsworldwidE.Itbelongstoafamilyofmineralsubstancesmadeupofsolidnon-combustible非易燃品fiber.Thesepropertiesmakeasbestosahighlysought-afterconstructionmaterial.Asearlyas1931howeverpublichealthofficersintheUnitedKingdomrevealedtheconnectionbetweenbreathinginasbestosdustandsuchdiseasesaslungcancer.Thelandonwhichabuildingissitedmayalsocontributetopollution.Somekindsofgraniteorsimilarrockscontaintracesofradium.Asitbreaksdownthisnaturallyradioactiveelementproducessomekindofradioactivegasthatgoesthroughtinycracksinwallsfloorsandbuildingmaterialsandmakesitswayintothebuildingandtherooms.Thebetterthehomesareinsulatedthemoreisthedangerousgasinindoorair.Themaineffectofthisdangerousgasonhealthistoincreasetheriskoflungcancer.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Somebuildingmaterialspolluteindoorair.B.Somefactorscauseindoorairpollution.C.Asbestoscancauselungcancer.D.Thelandonwhichhousesarebuiltcontributestoindoorpollution.WhyareEuropeansparticularlyconcernedwithbuildingmaterials?A.LotsofbuildingmaterialsthereareradioactivE.B.Theystayhomeupto90%oftheirlives.C.Theyhaveahighrateoflungcancer.D.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.Whyisasbestosasought-afterbuildingmaterial?A.Itisakindofinsulationfoam.B.Asbestoswillnotgiveoutdangerousgas.C.ThismaterialisnoteasytocatchfirE.D.Itisrarelypresentinrockformations.Whyshouldwebecarefulaboutthelandonwhichabuildingistobesited?A.Todeterminewhetherthelandisfirmenoughforabuildingtobesitedon.B.Tomakesurethatthelandcontainsnoradioactivematerial.C.Tomakecertainthatthelandreleasesnoformaldehydeorothergases.D.Tocheckwhetheritcontainsanycombustiblematerials.
A.newstudyhasbeencarriedtotesttheroleofstorytellinginloweringbloodpressurE.Dr.ThomasHoustonaprofessoroftheUniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchoolledagroupofscientiststhatresearchedhowpre-recordedvideosofhypertension高血压patients'talkingabouttheirmedicalhistorieshelpedanothergroupofpatientswithhighbloodpressuretocontroltheirconditionoverseveralmonths.HoustonwassurprisedbytheirstudiesthatsuggestedthatcommunicationcanbeapowerfultoolinmedicinE.Theyshowedthatthosewhohadhadsimilarexperienceswhentalkingtosomeonewithasimilarbackgroundcouldhelpchangetheirbehaviortobecomehealthier.HypertensionisdifficulttocontrolsinceitisdependentondietexerciseandmentalstatE.Medicaltreatmentswithdrugsandlifestyletherapies疗法havebeenrelativelyineffectivebecausepeoplefindithardtofollowthosemedicalrequirements.Inthetesthisteamcarefullychosetheirstory-tellersfrom230membersofapatients'communitywithwhomtheycouldmosteasilyrelatE.Nexttheydividedtheirstudypopulationintotwogroups.OnereceivedthreeinteractiveDVDscontainingthetellers'storiesoftheirexperiencesinlivingwithandtreatingtheirhypertension.TheotherweregiveneducationaldiscsonanunrelatedhealthtopiC.ThestudyvolunteersreportedthattheyhadlistenedtotheDVDsandafterthreemonthsthosewhoheardthestoriesofthehypertensivepatientsloweredtheirbloodpressurE.Whilethestudydidnotaddresshowthestory-tellinginfluencedthepatients'behaviorHoustondoubtsthatwatchingpatientsofsimilarbackgroundswhohadasimilarmedicalexperiencehelpedtomotivatethemtoseekmedicalhelptotheirhypertension.Theyfoundthataftersixmonthsthedifferenceinbloodpressurebetweenthosewhowatchedthestory-tellersandthosewhoobservedtheunrelatedvideosremainedsuggestingthatthestory-tellingcontinuedtohaveaneffect.Wecanlearnfromthetextthatthepre-recordedvideos_________.A.tellmedicalhistoriesofhypertensionpatientsB.introducesomemedicaltreatmentsofhypertensionC.introduceagoodlifestyleforhypertensivepatientsD.tellscientificdiscoveriesofthescientistgroupHoustonwassurprisedtofindthat_______.A.hypertensionisreallydifficulttocontrolB.communicationhassomemedicaleffectsC.medicaltreatmentshavenoeffectatallD.peopledon'tfollowthemedicalrequirementsTheunderlinedwordaddressinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_______.A.persuadeB.observeC.attendD.announceWhichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Thestoriesofsomehypertensionpatients.B.MedicaltreatmentsofbloodpressurE.C.StorytellingmayhelplowerbloodpressurE.D.SuggestionsabouthowtolowerbloodpressurE.
ThecityofRomehaspassedanewlawtopreventcrueltytoanimals.Allgoldfishbowlsarenolongerallowedanddogownersmustwalktheirdogs.Thiscomesafteranationallawwaspassedtogiveprisonsentencestopeoplewhodesertcatsordogs.ThecivilizationofacitycanbemeasuredbythissaidMonicaCirinnathecouncilor议员behindthenewlaw.It’sgoodtodowhateverwecanforouranimalswhoinexchangeforalittlelovefillourexistencewiththeirattentionshetoldaRomenewspaper.Thenewspaperreportedthatroundbowlsdon’tgiveenoughoxygenforfishandmaymakethemgoblinD.RomehastriedtoprotectfishmorethananywhereelseintheworlD.ItstandsoutforrecognizingthatfishareinterestinganimalswhodeserveourrespectandcompassioneverybitasmuchasdogsandcatsandotheranimalssaidKarinRobertsonadirectorofthePeoplefortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimals.LastyearalawwaspassedinItalythatgivespeoplewhodesertpetsbigfinesandprisonsentences.Sincethenlocalgovernmentshaveaddedtheirownanimalprotectionrules.ThenortherncityofTurinpassedalawinApriltogivepetownersfinesofupto$598iftheydonotwalktheirdogsthreetimesaday.ThenewlawinRomealsosaysthatownersmustn’tleavetheirdogsinhotcarsorcuttheirdogs’tailstomakethemlooklovelier.Thelawalsogiveslegalrecognitiontothecatladieswhofeedhomelesscats.Thecatslivealloverthecityfromancientruinstomodernofficecarparks.ThenewlawpassedinRomewill________.A.helpimprovefishingenvironmentB.guaranteebetterconditionsforgoldfishC.stoppeoplefromcatchinggoldfishD.discouragekeepinggoldfishathomePeopleinRomebelievethatthecivilizationofacitycanbejudgedbyits________.A.exchangeswithothercitiesB.protectionforancientruinsC.awarenessofanimalprotectionD.recognitionofanimalloversTheunderlinedwordcompassioninParagraph6istheclosestinmeaningto________.A.pityB.praiseC.supportD.popularityPeoplemaybreakthelawinTurinifthey________.A.keeptheirdogsorcatsincarsB.feedhomelessanimalsincarparksC.raisetheircatsnearancientruinsD.shuttheirdogshomealldaylong
Mostpeoplethinkofracingwhentheyseegreyhounds灰狗andbelievetheyneedlotsofexercisE.Theycanactuallybequitelazy!Greyhoundsaregoodatfastracesbutnotlong-distancerunning.Theydoneedregularexercisebuttheyliketorunforashortburstandthengetbackonthebedoracomfortableseat.Anothermisunderstandingisthatgreyhoundsmustbeaggressive好斗的becausetheyarebiginsizE.Infactgreyhoundslovepeopleandaregentlewithchildren.Greyhoundscanlivefor12–14yearsbutusuallyonlyracefortwoorthreeyearsandafterthattheymakegreatpets.Theydon’tneedalotofspacedon’tmakealotofnoiseanddon’teatalotfortheirsizE.Normallygreyhoundscanbeastallas90cm.Thereishoweverasmall-sizedgreyhoundwhichstandsonly33cm.Greyhoundscomeinavarietyofcolors.Greyandyellowish-brownarethemostcommon.OthersincludeblackwhiteblueredandbrownoramixofthesE.Greyhoundshavesmoothbodycoatslowbodyfatandareveryhealthy.Becausethey’reslim苗条的theydon’thavethelegproblemslikeotherdogsthesameheight.ButtheydofeelthecoldespeciallysincetheywouldmuchratherbeathomeinbedthanwalkingaroundoutsidE.Thetextiswrittenmainly______.A.totellpeoplehowtoraisegreyhoundsB.toletpeopleknowmoreaboutgreyhoundsC.toexplainwhygreyhoundsareaggressiveD.todescribegreyhoundsofdifferentcolorsItcanbeinferredthatgreyhounds_______.A.lovebigdoghousesB.likestayinginbedalldayC.makethebestguarddogsD.needsomeexerciseoutdoorsWhydoestheauthorsaythatgreyhoundsmakegreatpets?A.TheyarebiginsizE.B.TheyliveaverylonglifE.C.TheycanrunracesforsometimE.D.Theyarequietandeasytolookafter.Ifyoukeepapetgreyhounditisimportant________.A.tokeepitslimB.tokeepitwarmC.totakespecialcareofitslegsD.totakeittoanimaldoctorsregularly
FindingsfromanewstudywerepresentedatarecentmeetingoftheAmericanPsychosomaticSociety.ResearchersintheUnitedStatesstudiedonehundredthousandwomenduringaneight-yearperiodbeginninginnineteenninety-four.Allofthewomenwerefiftyyearsofageorolder.ThestudywaspartoftheWomen’sHealthInitiativeorganizedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.ThewomenwereaskedquestionsthatmeasuredtheirbeliefsorideasaboutthefuturE.Theresearchersidentifiedeachwoman’spersonalityeightyearsaftergatheringtheinformation.ThestudyfoundthathopefulindividualswerefourteenpercentlesslikelythanotherwomentohavediedfromanycausE.Thehopefulwomenwerealsothirtypercentlesslikelytohavediedfromheartdiseaseaftertheeightyears.HilaryTindlefromtheUniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicineinPennsylvaniawastheleadauthorofthereport.ShesaidthestudyconfirmedearlierresearchthatlinkedoptimisticfeelingstolongerlifE.Theresearchersalsogatheredinformationaboutpeople’seducationfinancialearningsphysicalactivityanduseofalcoholorcigarettes.Independentofthosethingsthefindingsstillshowedthatoptimistshadlessofachanceofdyingduringtheeight-yearperioD.Somewomenwhoansweredthequestionswerefoundtobecynicallyhostileorhighlyuntrustingofothers.Thesewomenweresixteenpercentmorelikelytodiethantheothers.Theyalsoweretwenty-threepercentmorelikelytodieofcancer.Thestudyalsofoundthatwomenwhowerenotoptimisticweremorelikelytosmokeandhavehighbloodpressureordiabetes.TheywerealsomorelikelynottoexercisE.ProfessorTindlesaysthestudydidnotconfirmwhetheroptimismleadstohealthierchoicesorifitactuallyaffectsaperson’sphysicalhealth.ShealsosaysthestudydoesnotprovethatnegativeemotionsordistrustleadtobadhealtheffectsandshorterlifE.Yettheredoesappeartobealinkthatcallsformoreresearch.1.What’sthepurposeofcarryingoutthestudy?A.TogatherinformationfortheNationalInstitutesofHealth.B.Tofindouttherelationshipbetweenwomen’spersonalityandtheirhealth.C.TodecidewhoismorelikelytoenjoyhappierlifE.D.Toidentifyeachwoman’spersonality8yearsaftergatheringtheinformation.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.It’suncertainwhetheroptimismaffectsaperson’sphysicalhealth.B.NegativeemotionsdocauseshorterlifE.C.TheconnectionbetweenpersonalityandhealthhasbeenestablisheD.D.Themoreoptimisticyouarethelongerlifeyoumayenjoy.3.Accordingtothepassagewhoismorelikelytodieofcancer?A.A.womanwhohashighbloodpressureordiabetes.B.A.womanwhodoesn’texercisE.C.A.womanwhohaspoorphysicalhealth.D.A.womanwhoalwaysdoubtswhatotherssay.4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.AmericanPsychosomaticSocietyorganizedthenewstudy.B.WomenwhowereoptimisticwerelesslikelytosmokE.C.Morequestionsweregiventhanthosemeasuringwomen’sbeliefsorideas.D.Hopefulwomenwere16%lesslikelytodiefromheartdiseasE.
Forhundredsofyearshumanshavedreamtoffindinglifeondistantplanets.NowthehopeofdiscoveringrealevidenceoflifehasgreatlyincreasedNASA’sMarsdetector探测器Opportunitysucceededinfindingsignsthatwateronceexistedontheplanet.OpportunitylandedonMarsinJanuary.ScientistsnowbelievethattheplanetcouldoncehavesupportedlifE.ThisdiscoverywaschosenbyScienceoneoftheworld’sleadingmagazinesasthemostimportantscientificachievementof2004lastFridayThislittlewheeledone-armedboxwentaroundanotherplanetandhasdonesomethingnohumanhasevermanagedaccordingtoSciencE.IthasdiscoveredanotherplaceintheuniversewherelifecouldoncehaveexisteD.Althoughwestillcan’tsaythatlifecouldhaveexistedinthisenvironmentitisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMarssaidSteveSquyresoneofthescientistsworkingontheMarsmission.TheevidencecomesfrompicturesandchemicalreadingstakenbyOpportunity.ItincludesmarksonrockslikethosecausedbyflowingwateronEarthandsaltychemicalslikethosefoundindried-outsea-beds.ScientistssaidthenewevidenceprovedbeyonddoubtthatwaterhasbeenexistedonMars.ButitisstillunknownwhetherthewateronMarswaslikeanoceanorjusticE.WhileOpportunityhasnotfoundanysignsoflifethepresenceofwatermeanslifeispossiblE.IneverythingweknowaboutlifeonEarththereisnoexamplewithoutliquidwaterSquyressaiD.SowaterisimportantforthesearchforlifeonMars.Researchersagreethatafuturemission任务shouldbringbackphysicalsamples样品.ButsomescientistsworryabouttheriskthatthiscouldintroducedangerousforeigncreaturestoEarth.TheproblemhereishowtogetthesamplesbackSquyresreplieD.Ithinkitisourresponsibilitytolimitanyrisk.1.________provethatwaterexistedonMars.A.ThephysicalsampleswithsaltychemicalsB.ThemarksonrocksandsaltychemicalsC.Scientificachievementsof2004D.CreaturesfromMars2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.ItisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMars.B.ThewateronMarswaslikeanocean.C.EvidenceoflifeonMarshasbeenfounD.D.SearchforlifeonMarsisagreatrisktohumans.3.HowdidscientistsdrawtheconclusionthattherewaswateronMars?A.Theworld’sleadingmagazinehasannouncedthefact.B.ScientistshavetakenmanypicturesandchemicalreadingsontheMars.C.AstronautshavegotsomerocksfromMars.D.ScientistshavemadeastudyofthepicturesandreadingssentbackbyMarsdetector.4.ItcanbeinferredthatifthecreaturesfromMarscametoEarth________.A.theywouldbekindtohumansB.theywouldbecrueltohumansC.theywouldbeagreatdangertoEarthD.itwouldbehardtosaywhetheritwouldbeagoodnewsorbadnews
Goatsareamazinganimals.TheycansurvivejustaboutanywherE.AltogetherthereareninespeciesofgoatsintheworlD.GoatshavemoreusesthanyoucouldeverimaginE.Goat’smeatcanbeeatenandgoat’smilkisbecomingpopularasahealthychoicetodrinkmilk.Goat’smilkiseasiertotakeinthancow’smilkanditiscalleduniversalmilkasitcanbeusedtobottle-feedmostanimals.InnutritionitisalsogooD.Goat’sskinsarestillusedtodaytomakeglovesandotheritemsofclothing.Theinitialreasonsfordomesticating驯化goatsweretogetgoat’shairmeatandmilk.Goat’sskinswereusedupuntiltheMiddleAgesformakingbottlestoholdwaterandwineforpeoplewhoweretravelingorcamping.Justlikesheepgoatsareconsideredtobethefirstdomesticatedanimal.Thedomesticationprocessbeganover10000yearsagoinaNorthIraniantown.A.lotofpeoplekeepgoatsaspetsnowadays.Goatsareeasilytrainedandyoucanteachthemtopullcartsandwalkonropes.Goatsarealsoknownforescapingtheirpens圈.IfyouhaveunsecuredfencingyourgoatswillbeinterestedinitandtestitoutandsoonyouwillknowwheretheopeningsarE.Goatsarealsowidelyknownfortheirabilitytoclimbtreesalthoughthetreegenerallyhastobeataslightangle角度.Ifgoatsareraisedcorrectlyandtrainedfromanearlyagetheyneverdevelopanybadhabits.Goatswillattackeachother.Howeverifthey’recorrectedfromanearlyagetheyneverattackhumansorotheranimals.Thepassageiswrittenmainly.A.totellpeoplehowtoraisegoatsB.toletpeopleknowmoreaboutgoatsC.toexplainhowgoatsaredomesticatedD.todescribegoatsofdifferentusesWhyisgoat’smilkcalleduniversalmilk?A.Itisrichinnutritionandeasytotakein.B.Itisgoodforourhealth.C.Itissuitabletofeedmostanimals.D.Itiseasytoget.Ifyouwanttokeepagoatasapetitisimportant.A.togetalongwellwithitB.tofindaprofessionaltrainerC.todevelopitsabilityD.totrainitwhenyoungWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribegoats?A.Curiousandclever.B.Unfriendlyandnaughty.C.Carefulandlazy.D.Stubbornandquiet.
Oursunisastarandnineworldsmoveroundit.Worldsliketheseareplanets行星.Butthereareotherstarsothersuns.Notonlythousandsofthembutmillionsofthem.Dodifferentstarshaveplanets?Wecanseetheplanetsroundourownsun.Butwehaven’tseenanymorE.Thestarsaretoofarawayfromus.Starsgiveout发出lightbuttheplanetsdon’thaveanylightoftheirown.Sowecan’tseethem.They’retoofarandtoodark.Stillwecantellthatsomestarshaveplanets.WhileabigplanetgoesrounditpullsitsstartoonesidE.AndsometimeswecanseethisThenweknowthatthestarhasaplanet.ForexampleBarnard’sStar巴纳德星isasmallredstar.AnditisthequickeststarintheuniversE.Butsometimesitmovesslowerandthenquickeragain.WehaveknowBarnard’sStarformanyyearsandnowwearesureithasaplanet.A.starisalargebodyintheuniversE.it________.A.movesroundoursunB.haslightofitsownC.canalsobecalledaworldD.bothB.andC.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Theearthisoneofsun’sworldsB.TherearemillionsofsunsintheuniversE.C.Theworldsareverybright.D.SomestarshaveplanetsBarnard’sStarmovesmorequicklythan_______.A.moststarsB.anyotherstarC.itsplanetD.theplanetsroundthesunHowcanpeopleknowthatthereisaplanteroundBarnard’sStar?A.Sometimestheyseethattheplanetpullsthestartoonesideandmakesitmoveslower.B.Theplanetisshining.C.Theplanetisnexttoourearth.D.TheplanetisaredonE.
We’veallheardthesayingGoGreenbutisitimportant?Canonepersonreallymakeanydifference?Thesemayallbequestionsyou’reaskingyourself.Ourmainsourceofenergyatthemomentisfossilfuels.We’vebeenusingfossilfuelsfordecadesnowsowhystop?Youseefossilfuelsarecreatedovertimebytheearthandcanonlybereplacedovertimebytheearthbutwewereusingthemfasterthantheearthcouldproducethem.Ontopofstripping剥夺theearthofhernaturalresourceswe’realsodamagingtheatmospherebyburningthingslikecoaloilandnaturalgases.That’sthegreenhouseeffectwhichoccurswhentheburningofthesefossilfuelshelptrapthesun’senergyinsidetheearth’satmospherecausingthetemperaturetoriseovertimE.Withallthepeopleintheworldhowcouldyoupossiblymakeadifference?Wellhereareafewthingstothinkabout.Howmanylightsdoyouuseinyourhouse?Howmanymilesdoyoudrivetowork?Howmanyelectronicsdoyouusewhichyoudon’tneed?Ifyouweretostopandthinkaboutityou’reabletomakeabiggerdifferencethanyoumightrealizE.Somanytimesyou’llhearpeoplesaySowhat?Iwon’tbearoundforitwhenthingsgobaD.ButbadtimesarecomingquickerthanyoumightliketobelievE.It’llbeyouchildrenormaybeevenyourgrandchildren.Withthetemperatureever-risingthepolaricecapsaremeltingandwaterbeginstakingoverlandsomanypeoplewillcrowdintosolittlespacE.Asyoucanseethisisnolaughingmatter.It’stimetotakeaction.Don’tletyourchildrenorgrandchildrenliveinaworldwithouthopE.Onepersonatatimewecanbegintosavethisearth.60.Thepassageismainlyto_______.A.introducewhatGoGreenisB.callonustoGoGreenC.warnusofthedangerofburningfossilfuelsD.introducethegreenhouseeffect61.AccordingtotheauthorifwewanttoGoGreenweshould_______.A.usenaturalresourcesB.makethetemperaturetobelowerC.stopthegreenhouseeffectD.trytoavoidusingfossilfuels62.Accordingtotheauthorsomepeopledon’ttakeGoGreenseriouslybecausetheythink______.A.itwillcostthemalotB.itsharmwon’tfallonthemC.theyhaven’tgrandchildrenatallD.itisonlyalaughingmatter63.Accordingtotheauthorwhichistherightorderofthefollowingthingshappening?A.TheriseoftemperaturE.B.Thegreenhouseeffect.C.ThereductionoflanD.D.Therisingsealevel.E.Themeltingpolaricecaps.f.Theusingoffossilfuels.A.fbedacB.bafdceC.fbaedcD.baedcf
Talkingtoplantsmakesthemgrowespeciallyifyou‘reawomanaccordingtoanexperimentbytheRyalHorticulturalSocietyRHS皇家园艺学会.Womengardeners’voicesspeedupgrowthoftomatoplantsmuchmorethanmen’sitfounD.InanexperimentthatranoveramonththeyfoundthattomatoplantsgrewuptwoinchestalleriftheywereserenadedbythesweettonesofafemaleratherthaamalE.AppropriatelythemosteffectivetalkcamefromSarahDarwinwhosegreat-greatgrandfatherwaslegendarybotanist植物学家CharlesDarwinoneofthefoundingfathersoftheRHS’ScientificCommitteE.ShereadapassagefromOntheOrginofSpeciesandbeatnineothervoices.Herplantgrewnearlytwoinchestallerthanthebestperformingmaleandhalfaninchhigherthanhernearestcompetitor.TheexpermentbeganinApirl2009atRHSGardenWisleyinSurrey.A.varietyofrecordedvoiceswerepickedtoplayto10taomatoplantsoveramonth.Everyplantwasplayedavoicethroughheadphonesconnectedtotheplantpotandtheconditionsforalltheplantsremainedthesamethroughouttheexperiment.ToensuretheexperimentwasfairtwocontrolplantswerealsolefttogrowinsilencE.Theresultsshowedthatwomenonaveragesawtheirplantsrisebyaninchontheirmalecompetitors.SomemenweresobadthattheirplantsactuallygrewlessthanaplantthatwasleftcompletelyalonE.ColinCrosbietheleaderatRHSsaid:We’renotsurewhythefemalevoiceismoreeffecitiveItcouldbethattheyhaveagreaterrangeofpitchandtonethataffectsthesoundwavesthathittheplant.Soundwavesareanemvironmentaleffectjustlikerainorlight.67.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Plantscan’tgrowfasterwithoutfemalevoicesB.Women’svoicesaremoreusefulthanmen’sC.Women’svoicesmakeplantsgrowfasterD.Voiceshavepositiveeffectsonthegrowthofplants68.TheunderlinedwordserenadedinParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.sungsongstoB.spokentoC.talkedaboutD.playedmusicto69.Accordingtothepassageten_________wereusedintheexperiment.A.tomatoplantsB.headphonesC.taperecordersD.plantpots70.Whatcanweknowaboutthefindingsoftheexperimentfromthepassage?A.Thewomen’svoicesmadethepalntsgrowfasterbyhalfaninchthanthemen’s.B.SarahDarwin’splantgrew2inchestallerthanherneraestcompetitor’s.C.TheplantswhichgrewinsilencedidnotnecessarilygrowtheslowestD.Thewomen’splantsgrew2inchestallerthanthemen’sonaveragE.
E.AsaresultofpollutionLakeErieonthebordersoftheUSAandCanadaisnowwithoutanylivingthings.Pollutioninwaterisnotsimplyamatterofpoisonskillinglargenumbersoffishovernight.Veryoftentheeffectsofpollutionarenotnoticedformanymonthsoryearsbecausethefirstorganism生物体tobeaffectedareeitherplantsorplankton.Buttheseorganismsarethefoodoffishandbirdsandothercreatures.Whenthisfooddisappearsthefishandbirdsdietoo.Inthiswayawholefoodchaincanbewipedoutanditisnotuntildeadfishandwaterbirdsareseenattheriver’sedgeorontheseashorethatpeoplerealizewhatishappening.Wheredothesubstanceswhichpollutethewatercomeform?Therearetwomainsourcessewage污水andindustrialwastE.Asmoredetergent洗涤剂isusedinthehomesomoreofitisfinallyputintoourrivers.lakesandseas.Detergentsharmwaterbirdsdissolvingthenaturalsubstanceswhichkeeptheirfeatherswaterproof.SewageitselfifnotproperlytreatedmakesthewaterdirtyandpreventsallformsoflifeinriversandtheseafromreceivingtheoxygentheyneeD.Industrialwasteisevenmoreharmfulsincetherearemanyhighlypoisonousthingsinitsuchascopperandlead铅.Soifwewantorstopthispollutiontheanswerissimple:sewageandindustrialwastemustbemadecleanbeforeflowingintothewater.ItmayalreadybetoolatetosavesomeriversandlakesbutotherscanstillbesavedifthecorrectactionistakenatoncE.72.Pollutioninwaterisnoticed_____.A.whenthefirstorganismsareaffectedB.whenagoodmanyfishandbirdsdieC.whenpoisonousthingsarepouredintowaterD.assoonasthebalanceofnatureisdestroyed73.Thelivingthingsdiebecausethereisno____inthelakeorriver.A.waterB.fishC.poisonD.oxygen74.Whichofthefollowingisharmfulaccordingtothepassage?A.OrganismsB.PlantsandplanktoninthewaterC.WastewaterfromcleaningD.Industrialwastemadeclearbeforeflowingintothewater75.Thewaytostopwaterpollutionis_______.A.realizetheserioussituationclearlyB.putoxygenintotheriverC.makethewastematerialharmlessbeforeflowingintothewaterD.makespecialroomintheseaforourrubbish
Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestionyouhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbio-technology生物技术.WiththehelpofnewmedicinethehumanbodywilllastaverylongtimE.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidentsmurderandwar.Today’sleadingkillerssuchasheartdiseasecancerandagingitselfwillbecomedistantmemories.IndiscussionoftechnologicalchangestheInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive?Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cellsarethebasicunitsofalllivingthingsanduntilrecentlyscientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyondl20yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcellssuchasthoseofbraincellswouldnotlastforever.ButtheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynewmedicinE.Sometimebetween2050and2100medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorsopeoplewillbeabletotakemedicinetorepairtheirorgans.Themedicinemadeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflifewillbuildnewbraincellsheartcellsandsoon—inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofoldones.ItisexcitingtoimagingthattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistencebutmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuturE.6.Accordingtothepassagehumandeathisnowmainlycausedby.A.diseasesandagingB.accidentsandwarC.accidentsandagingD.heartdiseaseandwar7.Intheauthor’sopiniontoday’smostimportantadvanceintechnologyliesin.A.medicineB.theInternetC.braincellsD.humanorgan8.Humansmaylivelongerinthefuturebecause.A.heartdiseasewillbefarawayfromusB.humanbrainscandecidethefinaldeathC.thebasicmaterialsofcellswilllastforeverD.humanorganscanberepairedbynewmedicine9.Howlongcanhumansliveinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?A.Over100years.B.Morethan120years.C.About150years.D.Thepassagedoesn’ttellus.10.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.humanlifewillnotlastmorethan120yearsinthefutureB.humanshavetotakemedicinetobuildnewskincellsnowC.muchneedstobedonebeforehumanscanhavealongerlifeD.wehavealreadysolvedthetechnicalproblemsinbuildingnewcells
ExpertssaytheAmericanstateofHawaiihasbeeninvaded入侵byasmallfrogcalledthecoquiko--kee.TheremaybemillionsofthesmallfrogsinHawaii.HowevertheydonotbelongtherE.TheyarenormallyfoundinthesoutheasternUnitedStates.ThecoquifrogsareharmingHawaii’senvironment.AndtheextremelyloudnoisetheymakeiscausingproblemsforHawaiiancitizensandvisitors.ThecoquiinvadersarrivedinHawaiiabouttenyearsago.TheywerebelievedtohavebeenbroughtinaccidentallyinshipmentsofplantsfromFloridA.TheirnumberhassharplyincreaseD.TheyhavequicklyspreadaroundtheHawaiiIslandshiddeninplants.Thecoquiisabrownfrogaboutfivecentimeterslong.Duringthedaythefrogshideinwetprotectedareassuchasunderplantleaves.Atnightthefrogsmoveontotreestofeedcalltofemalesandmates.ThecallofthemalecoquisoundslikE.Kokee!Kokee!InthesoutheasternUnitedStateslocalpeoplecelebratecoquifrogs.ButinHawaiitheforeignfroghasbeenconsideredasaharmfulanimal.ThecoquifrogsareamajordangertoHawaii’senvironmentalsystem.Thefrogseatthousandsofinsects昆虫everynight.Theseinsectsareimportantforthereproductionofplants.TheinsectsalsoareimportantfoodforHawaii’snativerarebirds.ThefrogsalsoareaffectingthetourismindustryinHawaii.Increasingnumbersofhotelsvisitorsandlocalpeoplehavebeenannoyedbytheloudcallsmadebymalecoquifrogstofemalefrogs.Atnightthenoiseoftenmakesitdifficultforpeopletosleep.ThefrogsdonothaveanynaturalenemiesinHawaiitoreducetheirpopulationsizE.Thewarmweatherpermitsthemtolayeggsallyearlong.TherearemanyeffortsinHawaiidesignedtostopthespreadofthecoqui.Itisacrimetotransportsellorrelease释放thefrogstherE.TheHawaiiDepartmentofAgricultureistryingtofindaneffectivechemicalthatcanbesafelyusedtokillthefrogs.FornowthefrogsmayonlybecaughtbyhanD.TheHawaiiDepartmentofAgriculturesaysthegreatestdangertotheeconomyandenvironmentofthestateisfromharmfulspecieslikethecoqui.Thestatementthatcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassageis.A.thecoquiinvadershaveseriouslyaffectedthetourismindustryinHawaiiB.itisnotpermittedtotransportsellorreleasethecoquifrogsinHawaiiC.thecoquiinvasionhasseriouseffectsontheeconomyandenvironmentinHawaiiD.greateffortshavebeenmadebytheHawaiipeopletokillthecoquiThecoquifrogsoriginallyarrivedinHawaii.A.bychanceB.attherequestofallthelocalcitizensC.asagiftD.asgoodsdemandedinthelocalmarketVisitorstoHawaiidon’tlikethecoquifrogsmainlybecause.A.theyareabigdangertotheenvironmentalsystemthereB.theloudnoisemadebythefrogsbothertheirrestatnightC.theyaffectthereproductionofthelocalplantsandinsectsD.visitorscouldnolongerseethenativerarebirdsbecauseofthemThetwofactorsleadingtotherapidspreadofcoquifrogsinHawaiiare.A.thefrogs’habitandtheenvironmentinHawaiiB.thelargenumberoftheinsectsandtheplantsinHawaiiC.thegeographiclocationofHawaiianditstourismindustryD.thewarmweatherthereandthefrogs’lackofnaturalenemies
ComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearned$150000ayeardesigningnewcomputergamesyethecannotfindabankpreparedtolethimhaveacheckcard信用卡.Insteadhehasbeentoldtowaitanothertwoyearsuntilheis18.HeworksforasmallfirminLiverpoolwheremostyoungpeopleofhisagearefindingjobs.Davidsbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Thoughhehashighpaymenthecannotdriveacarorgetcreditcards.信用卡DavidgothisjobfourmonthsagoayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-Levels普通成绩andworkingforatimeinacomputershop.IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprogramshesaiD.Isuppose$150000soundsalotbutIhopeitwillcometomorethanthatthisyear.Hespendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothesandgiveshismother$20aweekasheliveswithhisparents.Butmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.UnfortunatelycomputingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschoolhesaiD.ButIhadbeenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetimE.IknewwhatIwantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschool.Mostpeopleinthisbusinessarefairlyyounganyway.IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyretirement退休isapossibility.Youneverknowwhenthemarketmightdisappear.11.whyisDavidsodifferentfromotheryoungpeopleofhisage?A.HehasgotajoB.B.HelivesathomewithhisparentsC.Hedoesnotgetoutmuch.D.Heearnsahighpayment12.David’sgreatestproblemisthat_____.A.hecan’tbetreatedasanadultgrown-upbythebankB.hecan’tmakeasmanygamesashewishesC.hedoesn’tknowwhattobuywiththemoneyD.heistooyoungtodriveacar13.Hewasemployedbythecompanybecause_____A.hehadworkedinacomputershopB.hehadwrittensomecomputerprogramsC.heiscleverandworkshardathislessonsD.hehadlearntcomputerfrombooksandmagazines14.HeleftschoolaftertakingsixO-Levelsbecause____.A.hewasafraidofgettingtoooldtostartcomputingB.hedidn’tenjoyschoolC.hewantedtoworkwithcomputersD.hewantedtoearnalotofmoney.15.WhydoesDavidthinkhemightretireearly?A.Hethinkscomputergamesmightnotalwayssellsowell.B.HewantstostopworkingwhenheisamillionairE.C.OnehastobeyoungtowritecomputerprogramsD.Hethinkshisfirmmightclosedown.
SportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnaturE.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.CyclingaroundalakE.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.
Gmailtmnedfiveyearsoldthisweek.It'ssomewhatamazingtothinkwe'veonlyhaditsince2004;Gmailchangedthewebmailgameforeverbyofferingfeatureswenowtakeforgranted:astreamlinedinterface界面]powerfulsearchpioneeringuseofAjaxandathen-huge1GBofmailboxspacE.You'llneverneedtodeleteanothermessagewashowGoogledescribeditatthetimE.BackthenIwasstillmakingdowithHotmail.ButitsclumsyinterfaceandtinyamountofstoragespacemadethedecisiontomoveonaneasyonE.GettinganaccountmadeallthedifferenceintheworldtomyemailexperiencE.SuddenlyIwasfreedfromhavingtodeleteemailseveryfewdaystomakespaceinmymailbox.Andtheappapplicationwassmoothandresponsivelikeadesktopclient客户端程序—andprettyfastincomparisontoHotmail.ConversationviewandusinglabelsinsteadoffolderstookalittlegettingusedtobutinallGmailfeltfarmoreprofessionalandmadememuchmoreproductivE.GmailisafavoriteappofourseveronWebWorkerDailyandwithgoodreason.It'sstillthebestwebmailclientforwebworkersasitletsusaccessouremailwheneverandwhereverweneedtoonanydevicewithminimumeffort.AndGooglehasn'tspentthefiveyearssittingonitsGmailsuccesseitherbuthasintroducedimprovementstotheservicethatincludeGmailTaskschatvideochatandvoicechatcombinedwithGoogleCalendarandDocsGoogleAppsforDomainsandofcourseevenmorestoragE.We'verecentlycoveredthemanyfeaturesfoundinGmailLabs:awaytoundoseatmessagesusingcannedresponsesforsmartautorespondersofflinesupportusingGearsandhowtocustomizethewayyou.viewyourmailboxusingmultipleinboxes.Theunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimpliesthat_____.A.weshouldn'ttakeGmailforgrantedB.youcantrytowriteanykindofmessageC.GmailcancorrectyourmistakesofitselfD.youneedn'tworryaboutthemailboxspaceWhichofthefollowingisnotGmail'sstrikingfeature?A.Offlinesupport.B.Usinglabels.C.Undosentmessages.D.MailboxspacE.Gmailis_____.A.firstintroducedbyWebWorkerDailyB.atoolmerelyusedtosendmessagesC.agreatsuccessjustthesameasHotmailD.awebmailclientwithmultiplefunctionsWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierandmoreconvenienttousefolders.B.QuantitiesofpeoplehavechosentouseGmail.C.GmailhadavideochatfunctionwheninventeD.D.GmailandHotmailwereinventedatthesametimE.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Gmail—favouriteappofoursB.FunctionsofaspecialemailserviceC.ComparisonbetweenGmailandHotmailD.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofGmails
BA.sunflowerisasunflower.A.mobilephoneisamobilephonE.Butcancombinethetwotodosomethingforyourlocalenvironment?AsearlyasnextyearitmaywellbepossiblE.Whenyouhavefinishedwithyourmobilephoneyouwillbeabletoburyitinagardenoraplantpotandwaitforittoflower.A.biodegradable生物所能分解的mobilephonewasthismonthintroducedbyscientists.ItishopedthatthenewtypeofphonewillencourageconsumerstorecyclE.Scientistshavecomeupwithanewmaterialoverthelastfiveyears.ItlookslikeanyotherplasticandcanbehardorsoftandisabletochangeshapE.Overtimeitcanalsobreakdownintothesoilwithoutgivingoutanypoisonouschemicals.BritishresearchersusedthenewmaterialtodevelopaphonecoverthatcontainsasunflowerseeD.Whenthisnewtypeofcoverturnsintowastesitformsfertilizers.Thesefeedtheseedandhelptheflowergrow.Engineershavedesignedasmalltransparent透明的windowtoholdtheseeD.Theyhavemadesureitonlygrownwhenthephoneisthrownaway.We’veonlyputsunflowerseedsintothecoverssofar.Butweareworkingwithplantexpertstofindoutwhichflowerswouldperformbest.MaybewecouldputrosesinnexttimE.saidonescientist.Asphonetechnologyisdevelopingsoquicklypeopleareconstantlythrowingtheirmobilesaway.Thismeansmanufacturersareunderpressuretofinewaysofrecyclingthem.Some650millionmobilephoneshavebeensoldthisyear.Mostofthemwillbethrownawaywithintwoyearsaddingplasticheavymetalandchemicalwastetotheenvironment.A.biodegradablecovercanoffersomerelieffornatureaccordingtothescientists.Theseedcomesoutandtheflowergrowsinthepotsoyoudon’thavetoconcernyourselfwiththephonewhenyouhavefinishedusingitsaidKerryKirwan.SheleadstheresearchteamwhichisbasedattheUniversityofWarwickinBritain.61.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.TellthepopularityofbiodegradablecellphonE.B.TopersuadethereadertobuythebiodegradablecellphonE.C.Todiscussthedevelopmentofphonetechnology.D.Tointroduceanenvironmental-friendlycellphonetoreaders.62.Peoplethrowawaytheircellphonesmostprobablybecause_________.A.thereissomethingwrongwiththemB.nosunflowerscangrowoutofthemC.theyareoutoffashionD.theyarebecomingcheaperandcheaper63.Itcouldbelearnedfromthepassagethat__________.A.developingthenewtypeofphoneismainlytoprotecttheenvironmentB.phone-makerswillbenefitmuchmorefromthenewtypeofphoneC.thenewtypeofphonewillcertainlybepopularwithusersallovertheworldD.thephonesthatcanberecycledareavailableonlyinBritainnow64.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.ThenewmaterialforthebiodegradablephonewasfoundbyBritishscientists.B.ThecoverofthenewtypeofmobilecanbreaddownandbecomefertilizersafteritbecomeswastE.C.Thesunflowerseedinthebesttobeputintothephonecover.D.ThebiodegradablecovermustbeveryexpensivE.65.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.SunflowerandPhonE.B.PlantYourPhonE.C.ProtectOurEnvironment.D.NoWorryaboutPhonE.
Theworld’sastronomerscametotheirsensesyesterdayandapprovedanewdefinitionofthewordplanetthatwoulddroptinyPlutofromtheclubandrelegateitinsteadtoalesserrealmofdwarfplanets.ItwasawelcomestepawayfromaproposalthatwouldhavekeptPlutoasaplanetbutmeantimeopenedthedoorfordozensofsmallicybodiesonthefringesofthesolarsystem.TheimportantvotecameafterfiercedebateatameetingoftheInternationalAstronomicalUnionwhichhadbeenconsideringaproposaltodefineaplanetasanyobjectthatorbitsastarandislargeenoughforitsowngravitytopullitintoaspherical球形的shapE.ThatdefinitionwasscientificallyprecisebutledtoresultsthatoffendedcommonsensE.AnasteroidasmallmoonandanothericyballlikePlutowouldsuddenlyhaverisentoplanet-hoodswellingthenumberofplanetsto12withmanymoreicyrockslikelytoqualifyasmorewaslearnedaboutthem.Fortunatelytheastronomershavenowaddedanotherrequirementtothedefinition.Planetsmustnotonlybelargeenoughtoberoundtheymustalsohaveclearedouttheneighborhoodaroundtheirorbits.Plutowouldnotqualify—itorbitsinabeltoficydebrisontheedgeofthesolarsystem.NeitherwouldanicyrocknicknamedXenawhichorbitsinthatsamezonenorCeresabigasteroidthatmarchesinthecompanyofotherasteroids.Pluto’smoonCharonwhichhadqualifiedunderthefirstproposalisalsooutoftherunning.PlutowithitssmallsizeandoddballorbitshouldneverhavebeendeemedaplanetinthefirstplacE.Henceforththerewillbeeightplanetsatleastthreedwarfplanetsandtensofthousandsofsmallersolarsystembodieslikecometsandasteroids.OuronlyregretisthattheastronomerschosethenamedwarfplanetsforPluto’snewcategoryinsteadofabandoningthewordentirelywhendiscussingtheseless-than-planetarybodies.46.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatthenewdefinitionofplanet__________.A.hasbeenwelcomedbyallwalksoflifeB.willkickthePlutooutoftheplanetgroupinthesolarsystemC.stillmakesthePlutoasaplanetD.willenlargethenumberofplanetsinoursolarsystemintopermanently1247.Afterthenewdefinitionofplanetwasputforwardallofthefollowingareregardedasplanetexcept________.A.VenusB.CeresC.MarsD.Jupiter48.Thewriter’sattitudestowardsthenewdefinitionofplanetis________.A.welcomeB.indifferentC.hostileD.neutral49Iftheoriginaldefinitionofplanethadnotbeenchangedtherewouldbethefollowingconsequencesexceptthat________.A.thousandsoficyrocksinspacewillbeclassifiedasplanetsB.someasteroidsbigenoughtopullitselfintoasphericalshapewillberegardedasplanets.C.thePlutowillberelegatedtodwarfplanetD.therewillbeatleasttwelveorevenmoreplanetsinthesolarsystem.50.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatthedecisiontoapplynewdefinitiontoplanet________.A.haswonuniversalsupportfromscientists.B.hasbeenseverelycriticizedbymanyastronomersC.hasnotbeenmadeinconsiderately.D.hasbeenbannedbytheInternationalAstronomicalUnion
Imaginelivinglockedinsideacloset.Youcan’tchoosewhenandwhattoeatorhowyouwillspendyourtimE.Youcan’tevendecidewhenthelightsgoonandoff.Thinkaboutspendingyourwholelifelikethis.Thisisthelifeoflabanimals.Nowconsidertheneedsoftheseanimals.Chimpanzees黑猩猩intheirnaturalhomesareneverseparatedfromtheirfamilies.Theyspendhourstogethereveryday.ButinalabchimpanzeesareputincagesalonE.Therearenofamiliesonlycoldhardcagesandlonelinessthatgoesonforsomanyyearsthatmostofthemlosetheirmindsatlast.Worseyetaretheexperiments.Animalsaregivendiseasestheywouldnevernormallyget.Experimentersforce-feed给强行喂食chemicalstothemconductrepeatedsurgeries手术andmuchmoreThinkofwhatitwouldbeliketoputupwiththeseandthenbethrownbackintoacageusuallywithoutanypainkillers.Oftenanimalsseeotheranimalsbeingkilledrightinfrontofthem.Hundredsofthousandsofanimalsarepoisonedblindedandkilledeveryyearinproducttestsforshampoosskincreamsandnewcancerdrugs.Althoughmorethan500companieshavestoppedtestingonanimalssomeofthemstillforcechemicalsintomonkeys’stomachsandrabbits’eyes.Althoughsomefacilitiesarebetterthanothersatcaringforanimals—noteverylabworkerkillsamousebycuttingoffitsheadwithscissors—therearenohappyanimalsinsidelaboratories.Willthelablifeend?Whenwillitend?Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.A.animals’livesinlaboratoriesB.cruelexperimentsonanimalsC.theneedsofanimalsinlabsD.facilitiesusedtocareforanimalsAnimalsinalab.①areverycoldandinseparatecages②feellonelylockedinsideacage③aren’tfedanythingbutchemicals④areforcedtoundergocrueltests⑤areforcedtoeatchemicalsA.①③④B.②③⑤C.②④⑤D.①④⑤Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.somecompanieshavefoundwaystoreplaceanimaltestsB.animalsnormallygetnostrangediseasesC.animalsarehappyinlabswithbetterfacilitiesD.painkillerscanchangetheresultsofexperimentsTheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofanimalsforexperimentcanbedescribedas_______.A.positiveB.worriedC.satisfiedD.disappointed
BecauseplantscannotmoveortalkitisbelievedthattheyhavenofeelingsandthattheycannotreceivesignalsfromoutsidE.HoweverthismaynotbecompletelytruE.Peoplewhostudiedplantshavefoundoutthatplantscarryasmallelectricalcharge电荷.Itispossibletomeasurethischargewithasmallpieceofequipmentcalledgalvanometer.Thegalvanometerisplacedonaleafofftheplantanditrecordsanychangesintheelectricalfieldoftheleaf.HumanshaveasimilarfieldwhichcanchangewhenweareshockedorfrighteneD.A.mancalledBacksterusedagalvanometerforhisstudiesofplantsandwasverysurprisedathisresults.Hefoundthatifhehadtwoormoreplantsinaroomandhebegantodestroyoneofthem－perhapsbypullingoffitsleavesorbypullingitoutofitspot－thenthegalvanometerontheleavesoftheotherplantsshowedachangeintheelectricalfielD.Itseemedasiftheplantsweresignallingafeelingofshock.ThishappenednotonlywhenBacksterstartedtodestroyplantsbutalsowhenhedestroyedotherlivingthingssuchasinsects昆虫.Backstersaidthattheplantsalsoknewifsomeonehaddestroyedalivingthingsomedistanceawaybecausetheysignalledwhenamanwhohadjustcutdownatreeenteredtheroom.AnotherscientistnamedSauvinachievedsimilarresultstoBackster’s.Hekeptgalvanometersfixedtohisplantsallthetimeandcheckedregularlytoseewhattheplantsweredoing.Ifhewasoutoftheofficehetelephonedtofindoutaboutthesignalstheplantsweresending.Inthiswayhefoundthattheplantsweresendingoutsignalsattheexacttimeswhenhefeltstrongpleasureorpain.InfactSauvincouldcauseachangeintheelectricalfieldofhisplantsoveradistanceofafewmilessimplybythinkingaboutthem.60.WhywasBackstersurprisedattheresultsofhisstudies?A.BecausehefoundsomeonehadjustcutdownatreE.B.Becausehedestroyedaplantbypullingitoutofitspot.C.Becausehefoundthatplantscouldmoveandspeakafterall.D.Becausehefoundthatplantscouldexpressfeelingsofshock.61.Theplantssentoutsignals_____.A.onlywhenBacksterStartedtodestroyplantsB.whenBacksterdestroyedplantsorotherlivingthingsC.onlywhenhedestroyedthingssuchasinsectsD.onlywhenBacksterplacedthegalvanometerontheleavesoftheplants62.ThescientistcalledSauvin_____.A.didnotagreewithBackster’sideasB.didnotgetthesamesortofresultsasBacksterdidC.foundoutsomeofthesamethingsthatBacksterdidD.gotdifferentresultsfromBackster’s63.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theelectricalchargeplantscarrymayshockorfrightenus.B.A.treewillsignalwhenithasbeencutdown.C.Sauvincouldmakehisplantssendoutsignalssomedistanceaway.D.Plantshavefeelingsbecausetheycanreceivesignalswithoutmoving.
Flyingoveradesertinanairplanetwoscientistslookeddownwithtrainedeyesattreesandbushes.Afteranhour'sflightoneofthescientistswroteinhisnotebookLookhereforprobablemetal.WalkingacrosshillygroundfourscientistsreportedThisgroundshouldbesearchedformetals.FromanairplaneoverahillywastelandascientistsentbackbyradioonewordUranium.NoneofthescientistshadX-rayeyes:theyhadnomagicpowersforlookingdownbelowtheearth'ssurfacE.Theyweremerelyputtingtouseoneofthenewestmethodsoflocatingmineralsintheground--usingtreesandplantsassignsthatcertainmineralsmaylieunderthegroundonwhichthetreesandplantsaregrowing.ThisnewestmethodofsearchingformineralsisbasedonthefactthatmineralsdeepintheearthmayaffectthekindofbushesandtreesthatgrowonthesurfacE.AtWatsonBarCreekamineralsearchgroupgatheredbagsoftreeseeds.Boxeswerefilledwithsmallbranchesfromthetrees.Rootsweredugandputintoboxes.EachbagandboxwascarefullymarkeD.InascientificlaboratorythepartsoftheforesttreeswereburnedtoashesandtesteD.Eachsmallpartwasexaminedtolearnwhetherthereweremineralsinit.Studyoftherootsbranchesandseedsshowednosilver.Butthereweresmallamountofgoldintherootsandalittlelessgoldinthebranchesandseeds.Theseedsgrowingnearesttothetreetrunkhadmoregoldthanthosegrowingontheendsofthebranches.Ifthetreesindicatedthattherewasnogoldinthegroundthescientistswouldn'tsparemoneytopayfordiggingintothegrounD.Scientistswereflyingoveradesertorahillywastelandoramountainregionto________.A.traintheireyesB.studythetreesC.lookforgoldD.searchformineralsThestudyoftreesbranchesandrootsindicatedthat__________.A.therewerelargeramountsofgoldinthebranchesfarfromthetreetrunkthanintheseedsB.thereweresmalleramountsofgoldinthetreerootsdeepinthegroundthaninthebranchesC.therewerelargeramountsofgoldintheseedsgrowingclosertothetreetrunkthanintheseedsfartherfromitD.therewerelargeramountsofgoldinthebranchesthanintheleavesontheendsofthebranchesWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaspartofatreethatcanhelpthesearchers?A.Leaves.B.Roots.C.Branches.D.Seeds.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Scientistssearchingfortreasurewithspecialequipment.B.Newmethodsofdoinggeologicalstudy.C.Goldcouldbefoundintreesandplants.D.A.newmethodofsearchingforminerals.
Manydo-it-yourselfhomeownersareinterestedintryingoutsolarpowertoleamaboutthetechnologyandperhapstoprovideenergyforlimited-useapplications.Thereareavarietyofwaystofindcheapsolarpanels板includingbuyingusedandbuildingyourownwithfactoryseconds.Bothmethodswillsavemoneywhileforcingyoutolearntheins-and-outsofasolarpowerarray阵列.We'veallseensolar-poweredstreetsignsorPVpanelsbeingusedforvariouspurposesatremotelocations.Whenthoseunitsbecomecrackedorchippedandareconsideredunsafecompaniesareforcedtoreplacethemgenerallytoavoidresponsibilityissues.Becauseit'sdifficulttogetridofPVpanelsmanycompaniesifapproachedarewillingtogivethemawayortosellthemformodestprices.Dependingonthedegreeofdamagepresentexpecttoseeperformancedegradation降级intherangeof10%to60%.Amultimeter万用表canbeusedtotestthepanelbeforebuying.Ifthepanel'sfreetakeitanyway.Itcouldstillbeusefulinahomesolarproject.A.solarpanelisreallynothingbutaboxservingasacontainerforalargegroupofsolarcells.FactorysecondsolarcellsareusuallysoldoneBayatasmallpartoftheirregularcost.Thecellscomeinavarietyofsizes.Youwillneedtofigureouthowmuchpowerasinglecellproducestodeterminehowmanywillneedtobewiredtogethertoformanarray.A.simplesearchoftheInternetwillshownumeroussitesdetailinghomesolarpanelprojects.Do-it-yourselfloversaregenerallyquitegenerousinsupplyphotographsoftheirworkanddescriptionofwhatwentwrongandrightwiththeproject.Gettingcheapsolarpanelswithslightimperfectionseitherusedorthroughsalesoffactorysecondsisaperfectsolutionforhome-builtrenewableenergyprojects.Thehighnumberofsolarloversonlineprovideawealthofusefulinformation.OnlylimitedskillsarerequiredplusanunderstandingofthebasicwiringinvolveD.Allarewellwithinthetalentsofalmostanyhomehandyman.Beyondthesatisfactionofhavingcompletedtheprojectyou'llcomeawaywithafunctionalsolarpanelthatwillbeasourceofpowerforusearoundthehouseoratremotelocations.SolarenergysystemsarequicklybecomingmorepopularwithhomeownersaspricescontinuetodeclinE.72.Theauthorwritesthepassagetointroduce____.A.waysoffindingcheapsolarpanelsB.waysofsavingenergyC.awayofmakingasolarpanelD.ahome-builtenergysystem73.Whatdoesthephrasefactorysecondsinthepassagereferto?A.Second-handfactoryproducts.B.CheapbutperfectfactoryproductsC.Faultyfactorysolarcells.D.Thesecondbestfactorysolarcells74.FromParagraph5wecanlearnabouthome-builtenergyprojectsthat____.A.noneofthemarebeyondhomehandymenB.alotofusefulinformationisavailableontheInternetC.aperfectsolutionistogetcheapandperfectsolarpanelsD.understandingelectricalwiringisnotnecessarilyneeded75.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofsolarenergysystems?A.OptimistiC.B.PessimistiC.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful
TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustasmallnumberofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandotherlivingthingscovetingtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofgrassisgrowingbytheroadsideorwhatkindofbirdjustflewby.A.soon-to-be-startedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstolisteveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguidE.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecializedknowledgewillcometohelp.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhatbirdsthey’veseenandwherE.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeature以为特色specialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystemsintheirneighborhoods.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouwanttoseetomatchyourinterestsageandknowledgE.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedupthatProcess.60.TheWeb-basedEoLaimsto__________.A.findoutwhatcoverstheearthB.listalllivingthingsonEarthC.workoutthenumberofbirdsD.savetheexistingplants61.OnecharacteristicoftheEoListhat__________.A.itisrunbyschoolstudentsB.itfocusesondifferenttypesofgrassC.itprovidesdifferentlevelsofinformationD.itallowsnon-scientiststoreviewitsdata62.Inthelastparagraphthatprocessmeans__________.A.analyzingspeciesB.creatinganewtoolC.collectingdataD.describingspecies
LighttravelsataspeedwhichisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofsounD.Inonesecondlighttravelsabout300000kmbutsoundtravelsonly344m.YoucangetsomeideaofthisdifferencebywatchingthestartofaracE.Ifyoustandsomedistanceawayfromthestarteryoucanseesmokecomefromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyourears.Thisgreatspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Sunlighttakesabout8minutestoreachus.Ifyoulookatthelightofthemoontonightrememberthatthelightrays光线leftthemoon1.3secondsbeforetheyreachedyou.Theneareststarissofarawaythatthelightwhichyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltowardsyoufouryearsagoataspeedofnearly2millionkmperminutE.Insomecasesthelightfromoneoftonight’sstarsstartedonitsjourneytoyoubeforeyouwereborn.ThusifwewanttobehonestwecannotsayThestarsareshiningtonight.WehavetosayThestarslookpretty.TheywereshiningfouryearsagobuttheirlighthasonlyjustreachedEarth.Lightspeedis________thansoundspeeD.A.millionstimesfasterB.amilliontimesslowerC.aboutmillionsoftimesfasterD.aboutamilliontimesfasterIfyoustand200metersawayfromamanwhoisfiringaguntostartaraceyouwillfindoutthat_____.A.youcanhearthegunbeforeyouseethesmokE.B.sounddoesnottravelasfastaslight.C.thesoundofthegunwillreachyoubeforethemanfireshisgun.D.soundtravelsaboutamilliontimesfasterthanlight.Whatdoesitreferto?A.moonlightB.lightraysC.theneareststarD.themoonThescientificwayofsayingThestarsareshiningtonightshouldbe________.A.thestarshavebeenshiningallthetimE.B.thestarsseentonightwillbeshiningfouryearslater.C.thestarswereshininglongagobutareseentonight.D.thestarlightseentodaycouldbeseenfouryearsago.
TheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyRHSfindsthatwomengardeners’voicesspeedupthegrowthoftomatoplantsmuchmorethanmen’s.InanexperimenttheresearchersfoundthattomatoplantsgrewuptotwoinchestalleriftheyweresungtobyafemaleratherthanamalE.ThemosteffectivevoicecamefromSarahDarwinwhosegreat-greatgrandfatherwasthebotanist植物学家CharlesDarwinoneofthefoundingfathersoftheRHS.ShereadapassagefromtheOntheOriginofSpeciesandbeatnineother‘voices’.Herplantgrewnearlytwoinchestallerthanthebestperformingmaleandhalfaninchhigherthanhernearestcompetitor.ColinCrosbieGardenManagerattheRHSsaidWepredictedthatthemalevoicewouldbemoreeffectivebutitturnedoutthattheladies’voicewasfarbetterthanthegentlemen’s.Wejustdon’tknowwhy.Itcouldbebecausetheyhaveagreaterrangeofpitch高音andtone音色thataffectsthesoundwavesthathittheplant.Thesoundwaveisonenvironmentaleffectjustlikerainorlight.Intheexperimenteveryplantwasplayedadifferentvoicethroughearphonesconnectedtotheplantpotandtheenvironmentalconditionsforalltheplantsremainedthesamethroughouttheexperiment.ToensurethattheresultsoftheexperimentwereconvincingtwoplantswerealsolefttogrowinsilencE.Theresultsshowedthatwomenonaveragesawtheirplantsgrowaninchtallerthantheirmalecounterparts对手andmuchmorethantheplantsleftincompletesilencE.MissDarwinsaidI’mnotsureifit’smysweettonesorthetextthatIreadfromOntheOriginofSpeciesthatmadetheplantsitupandlistenbuteitherwayIthinkitisanhonortohavesuchavoiceanditisespeciallyfittingformebecauseforyearsIhavebeenstudyingwildtomatoesattheNaturalHistoryMuseumNHMinLondon.60.Howmanytomatoplantswerechosenforthisexperiment?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutSarahDarwin?A.SheisveryproudofhersweetvoicE.B.SheisoneofthefoundingfathersoftheRHS.C.Shehasdiscoveredwhyhervoicebenefitsplants.D.ShewillworkattheNHMinLondonaftertheexperiment.62.Whyweretwoplantslefttogrowinsilenceintheexperiment?A.Tomaketheresultsoftheexperimenttrustworthy.B.Toconvincepeoplethatsoundwavesarebetterthanrainandlight.C.Tohelpfindouthowmanyinchesplantscangrowwiththehelpofvoices.D.ToprovethattheenvironmentalconditionsfortheplantsremainedthesamE.63.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThetextfromOntheOriginofSpeciescanhelpplantsgrow..B.Sarah’snearestcompetitorwasalsoawoman..C.Men’svoiceshaveagreaterrangeofpitchandtonethanwomen’s..D.ColinCrosbiepredictedthatwomen’svoiceswerebetterfortheplantthanmen’s.
About97%oftheworld’swaterissaltyandisfoundinouroceansandseas.Butaswecan’tdrinkseawaterhowcanitbeimportant?Everypartofourseasandoceanscontainsanamazingnumberofanimalsandfishthatliveatdifferentoceandepths.MostofthedifferentspeciesofanimalsandfishdependonsimpleplantsfortheirfooD.Thesesimpleplantscalledalgae海藻driftnearthesurfaceoftheoceanandusesunlighttoturncarbondioxideandwaterintofoodandoxygen.InfactalgaeproduceoverhalfoftheoxygenpeoplebreathE.Howimportantseawateris!Eachplantoranimalinourseasandoceansisanimportantlinkinafoodchain.Thealgaeareeateninlargeamountsbymicroscopicanimalswhichareinturnconsumedbylargeranimals.ThesefoodchainsaredelicatelybalanceD.Thebadnewsaboutthefoodchainsintheoceansisthattheyareunderthreatbecauseofman.Peopleoncethoughtthattheoceansweresobigthatitdidn’tmatterifwedumpedrubbishintothemorcaughthugequantitiesoffishandwhalesforfooD.Butwenowknowthisisnottrueandfishstocksintheoceanshavestartedtodrop.Thankfullytheworldistakingstepstoprotectthefutureofouroceansbyintroducinginternationalagreementstoprotectmarinehabitats.Mostcountrieshaveintroducedfishingrestrictionstoprotectfishstocksintheoceansandnewtechniquesarebeingpioneeredtocopewithpollution.FinallytheimportanceofprotectingoceansisbeingmadeknowntomorepeoplE.ThisisjustthebeginningofalongprocesstoprotecttheoceansforourfuturE.Wedependontheoceansforfishwhichareanimportantpartofthehumandiet.Howimportantseawateris!46.Whichofthefollowingistheproperorderofthefoodchain?A.smallanimals→algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→manB.algae→microscopicanimals→largeanimals→largeranimals→manC.smallanimals→algae→largeanimals→microscopicanimals→manD.microscopicanimals→algae→largeanimals→largeranimals→man47.Peopleusedtothinkthattherubbishthrownintothesea________.A.wouldn’tharmthefishintheseaB.wouldchangethebalanceofthefoodchainC.wouldbebrokendownintheseaD.wouldn’tdomuchharmtothesea48.Fromthepassagewelearnthat_________.A.mostfishandseaanimalsliveatthesurfaceoftheseasB.itisverydifficulttobreakthebalanceofafoodchainC.excessivefishinghascausedthedecreaseinfishstockD.itwon’tbelongbeforetheproblemsconcerningoceanswillbesolved49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTawaybeingusedtoprotectoceans?A.Theuseofinternationalagreements.B.Forbiddingfishingtoprotectfishstocks.C.Theuseofnewtechniques.D.Raisingpeople’sawarenessoftheneedtoprotectoceans.50.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofseawater.B.Lifeintheoceans.C.Howtoprotectfoodchains.D.Howtodealwithseawaterpollution.
AgainsttheassumptionthatforestfiresinAlaskaCanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimatescientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospacE.Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.UsuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecadE.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarmingfiresmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarmingwhileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.ThisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimatE.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefirelargeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone臭氧levelsincreasedandashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaicedarkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.ThefollowingspringhoweverthelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefirebecausefewertreescoveredthegrounD.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospaceleadingtocooling.WeneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmospherE.ScientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefireandfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperaturE.Typicallyfireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientistshoweverfoundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequentlymoreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specificallytheydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegasesbut0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospacE.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.Accordingtothenewfindingstakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay_______.A.resultinawarmingclimateB.causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequentlyC.leadtoalongerfireseasonD.protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthereEarlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.A.analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimateB.indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphereC.suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotectenvironmentD.suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarmingTheunderlinedphrasesoakedupinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.releasedB.absorbedC.createdD.disturbedFromthetextwecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaskaCanadaandSiberiamay______.A.warmtheclimateastheassumptiongoesB.allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimateC.destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaiceD.helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy.
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