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Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its a...
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BlackHistoryMonthisalsoknownastheAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonth.ItiscelebratedallovertheUnitedStatesofAmericaandCanadainthemonthofFebruarywhileintheUnitedKingdomitiscelebratedinOctober.EachandeveryschoolanduniversityconductsvariousactivitiestomakethegenerationawareoftheimportancethatAfrican-Americanhistoryholdsinthenation.TheelectronicmediaisfilledwiththemesinrelevancetotheoccasionandmanyactivitiesarecarriedoutacrossthecountrytorememberthecontributionmadebyAfrican-Americancitizensinthedevelopmentofthisnation.BlackHistoryMonthwasfirststartedbyafamousAfrican-AmericanhistorianDr.CarterG.Woodsonintheyear1926.FebruarywaschosenasthemonthtocelebratetheAfrican-AmericanhistorybecauseitwasthebirthmonthoftwoofthemosthighlyvaluedpeopleamongAfrican-Americans.ThesewerePresidentAbrahamLincolnwhofreedtheslavesandFrederickDouglasswhowasalsothefirstvicepresidentialnominee被任命者amongAfrican-Americans.InitiallyBlackHistoryMonthwasknownastheNegroHistoryWeek.ThiswasDr.Woodson’sattempttoencourageawarenessamongcitizensaboutthecontributionofAfrican-Americanstowardsthebuildingofthenation.Itwasonlyintheearly1970’sthatthenameNegroHistoryWeekchangedtoBlackHistoryMonth.Andlaterintheyear1976theentiremonthofFebruarywasdeclaredtobetheNationalAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonthortheBlackHistoryMonth.EveryyearNationalAfrican-AmericanHistoryMonthiscelebratedbymanyactivitieswithvariousideasandthemesfortheyoungergeneration.In2013BlackHistoryMonthcelebratesthe50thanniversaryoftheMarchonWashingtonatwhichMartinLutherKingJr.gavehisfamousspeechIhaveadream.Italsomarksthe150thanniversaryoftheEmancipationProclamation解放黑奴宣言.ThethemeforBlackHistoryMonthin2014isCivilRightsinAmericarememberingtheimportantmilestonesbyAfrican-Americansandothersinthebattleforcivilrightsandequaltreatmentunderthelaw.28.WhatisthepurposeofBlackHistoryMonthinAmerica?A.TorememberAfrican-Americans’contributiontoAmericA.B.TorememberthehistoryofAfrican-AmericansinAmericA.C.ToencourageAfrican-AmericanchildrentostudyharD.D.ToincreaseAfrican-Americanchildren’sconfidencE.29.FebruarywaschosenasBlackHistoryMonthbecause________.A.Dr.CarterG.WoodsonlikedFebruary.B.slaverywasofficiallyendedinFebruary.C.African-AmericanscontributedalotinFebruary.D.twogreatAmericanleaderswasborninFebruary.30.Howisthesecondparagraphdeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byfollowingtimeorder.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bymakingclassifications.31.WhatdoesBlackHistoryMonthin2014celebrateinAmerica?A.The50thanniversaryoftheMarchofWashington.B.MartinLutherKingJr’sspeechIhaveadream.C.The150thanniversaryoftheEmancipationProclamation.D.Importantpeopleandoccasioninthebattleforcivilrights.
HistoriansusuallyjuststudygreatthingsthathappenedinthepasttimebutDrewFausthasmadehistory!OnFebruary112007FaustwasnamedpresidentofHarvardUniversity.Sheisthefirstwomantoholdthepositionintheschool’s371yearhistory.IamahistorianshesaiD.I'vespentalotoftimethinkingaboutthepastandabouthowitshapesthefuturE.NouniversityinthecountryperhapstheworldhadasremarkableapastasHarvard’s.AndourcommonenterpriseistomakeHarvard’sfutureevenmoreremarkablethanitspast.Thatwillmeanrecognizingandbuildingonwhatwealreadydowell.Itwillalsomeanrecognizingwhatwedon’tdoaswellasweshouldandnotbeingsatisfieduntilwefindwaystodobetter.ItishergreatdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutideasthathavegivenDrewsuccessinaworldcontrolledbymen.Thisisaman’sworldmygirlandthesooneryoulearnthatthebetteroffyou’11bE.DrewFaustrecallshermothertellingherthiswhenshewasyoungbutshedidn’tacceptit.Faustgrewupinawell-offfamilyinVirginia’sShenandoahValleyinthe1950s.EventhenShewasatrailblazer先驱.Aconversationwithherfamily'sblackhandymananddriverinspiredHertowritealetteronschoolnotebookpapertoPresidentDwightEisenhower.SheaskedwhetherhecouldhelpbringUScitizenstogetherinthesouthamuchdividedpartofthecountryatthetimE.DrewFaustisahistorianwithhereyesonthefuturesaidSusanGrahamaprofessorofHarvarD.Manyoftheuniversity’sschoolssaidthattheybelieveHarvardwillhaveabrighterfutureundertheleadershipofDrewFaust.21.WhydoesthewriterDrewFausthasmadehistory?BecauseA.shewaspresidentHarvardUniversityB.HarvardhasaremarkablepastC.shewasthefirstwomantobepresidentofHarvardUniversityD.Sheisahistorian22.Whatdoweknowabouthistorians?TheyA.usuallystudyhistoryorwriteaboutitB.areusuallywomenC.areusuallyborninwell-offfamiliesD.areusuallypresidentsofuniversities23.WhatdidhermothermeanbysayingThisisaman’sworldmygirl...?ToA.encouragehertodomen’sworkB.tellhertodothingsasagirlshoulddoC.askhertobewell-offD.expecthertobeahistorian24.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.FaustwasborninthenorthoftheUS.B.ShewrotealettertoPresidentEisenhowerwhenshebecamepresidentofHarvarD.C.Faust’sdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutnewideashasgivenhersuccess.D.Historiansjustcareaboutgreatthingsthathappenedinthepast.
Justweeksafteraspecialmemorialvoyagetomarkthe100thanniversaryofthesinkingoftheTitanicanAustralianbillionairehasannouncedplanstobuildanexactreplica复制品oftheTitanicwhichisjustassimilartotheoriginaloneaspossible.TheTitanicreplicawillmakeitsfirstvoyagefromSouthamptonEnglandtoNewYorkin2016.TheTitanicisafamousshipthatsankin1912.Theattractivestoryoftheoceanliner邮轮hasmademillionsofpeopleinterestedinitaroundtheworlD.ItwasbelievedtobeanunsinkableshipbutithitanicebergandsankonitsfirstvoyagE.Morethan1500peoplediedinthesinkingoftheTitanicwhichatthetimewastheworld’slargestandmostluxuriousoceanliner.WhenfullybuilttheTitanicIIwillbe270meters886feetlongandcapableofholding1680passengers.UnliketheoriginalTitanicwhichwaspoweredbycoal-firedboilerandsteamenginestheTitanicIIwillhavemoderndiesel柴油机andelectricengines.AlsounlikethefirstTitanictheTitanicIIwillhavemorethanenoughlifeboatstoaccommodateeveryoneonboardifsomethingshouldgowrong.WhenaskedwhetherthenewreplicawouldsinkMr.Palmerreplied:Ofcourseitwillsinkifyouputaholeinit.HealsoaddedItwillbedesignedasamodernshipwithallthetechnologytoensurethatdoesn’thappen.WhenMr.PalmerwasaskedifheexpectedhisTitanictobesuccessfulhesimplysaid:Atmyageyoudon’treallyworrysomuchaboutwhetheryou’llmakemoneyorlosemoneyonsomethingbutIbelievethatitisworthbuildingit.28.WhyistheTitanicreplicabeingbuilt?A.TomakeavoyagefromSouthamptonEnglandtoNewYork.B.Tomarkthe100thanniversaryofthesinkingoftheTitanic.C.TorealizeMr.Palmer’sdreamofconstructingaluxuriousoceanliner.D.NotclearlytalkedaboutinthepassagE.29.What’smainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.ThetravellingrouteoftheTitaniC.B.A.shortintroductiontotheoriginalTitaniC.C.ThenumberofpeopleontheTitanicwhenitsank.D.People’sgreatinterestintheattractivestoryoftheoceanliner.30.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheTitanicIIandtheoriginalone?A.TitanicIIwillbepoweredbymoderndieselandelectricengines.B.TheappearanceofTitanicIIwillbemoreluxurious.C.TheconstructionofTitanicIIwillbemorecomplex.D.ThenumberofthelifeboatsonTitanicIIwillbesmaller.31.WhatisMr.Palmer’sattitudetowardshisTitanicIIreplica?A.Itwillsinkwithaholeinit.B.Itwilldefinitelybeagreatsuccess.C.Itisworthwhiletobuildit.D.Itwillmakehimlosemoney.
TofindsomethingsounusualinthisdayandageisjustextraordinarysaidTimmins.ForallweknowthiscouldbethelastremaininganimalfamilylefttobediscovereD.It’sabigdealtodiscoveranentirelynewfamilyofanimals.Humansforinstancebelongtothesamefamilyasgreatapeschimpanzeesandgorillas.Soeventhoughkha-nyouslooklikeratsthey’rereallyverydifferent.Thelasttimescientistsdiscoveredanewfamilyofmammalsmayhavebeeninthe1970swhentheyfoundnewbatsinThailanD.TimminsseemstohavethegiftforfindingnewanimalsinLaos—hediscoveredanewspeciesofrabbittherein1999.Scientistscallthekha-nyouLaonastesaenigmamuswhichmeansmysteriousmousethatlivesamongthestones.Butifthat'stoohardTimminsandRobinsonsuggestyoucallthemrockrats.28.Whichofthefollowingisnotthenameforthisnewcreature?A.Karsts.B.Kha-nyou.C.rockrats.D.Laonastesaenigmamus.29.Whichofthefollowingcannotdescribethenewspeciesofrodent?A.TheyliveamongtherockyhillsofLaos.B.Theyliveonmeatofotheranimals.C.TheylooklikeratsbutareofdifferentkinD.D.Theyareofthelatestdiscoveryofanewspecies.30.Whichofthefollowingisthelastdiscoveryofnewspeciesofanimalexcepttherodent?A.A.newkindofbats.B.Greatapes.C.A.newkindofsquirrel.D.A.newkindofrabbit.31.Itimpliesinthepassagethat______.A.findinganewanimalfamilyinSoutheastAsiaiseasyB.findinganewanimalfamilyinmoderntimeisextremelyrareC.inSoutheastAsianewspeciesofanimalsareoftendiscoveredD.animalsthatlooklikethesameareofthesamefamily
Yournextcarcouldhavetwoseatsthreewheels—twoinfrontandoneinthebackandatopspeedofmorethan100milesperhour.ElioMotorsplanstomakesuchatinycarnamedtheElio.ItstwoseatssitfrontandbackinsteadofsidebysidE.ThedriverispositionedinthecenterwiththepassengerdirectlybehinD.Thestartingpriceforthecarisjust$6800.Ithasonlyonedoorontheleftsidewhichcutsafewhundreddollarsoffthemanufacturingcosts.Havingthreewheelsalsomakesitcheaper.IthasairconditioningpowerwindowsanddoorlocksandanAM/FMradio.MorefeaturescanbeorderedthroughElio’slonglistofsuppliers.Eliowillalsosellthecarsdirectlythroughitsownstoresandnotthroughfranchiseddealers特约经销商.PaulEliodreamedasakidthathewouldonedayownacarcompanycalledElioMotors.In2008tiredofhighgaspriceshestartedworkingonacarthatburnsgasinamoreeffectiveway.EquallyimportanttohimwascreatingU.S.manufacturingjobsandmakingthecarinexpensiveenoughtoattractbuyerswhomightotherwisebestuckintheiroldunreliablecars.WhatevermatterstoyouthiscanmovetheneedleonithesaiD.Alreadymorethan27000peoplehavereservedonE.Paulhopestomake250000carsayearby2016.SofarreservationholdersarethosewhowillusetheElioasasecondcarorthirdcarforwork.Finallythoughhebelievesthecarwillinteresthighschoolandcollegestudentsaswellasused-cardriverswhowantsomethingnewerandmorereliablE.24.WhichofthefollowingshowsthedesignoftheElio?○=wheel□=seat25.Paragraph2showsthattheElio________.A.issoldataffordablepricesB.willbeavailableinmoststoresC.hasafixedtemperatureD.doesnoharmtotheenvironment26.TheunderlinedwordsmovetheneedleinParagraph3probablymean________.A.takeachanceB.standinthewayC.breakintopiecesD.makeadifference27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThehistoryofElioMotorsB.CoolandpracticalvehicleC.PaulElio:akidwithbigdreamsD.Whatcartochoose:neworused?
SilkRoadHeadsfortheHillsFamousforfacilitatinganincredibleexchangeofcultureandgoodsbetweentheEastandtheWesttheancientSilkRoadisthoughttohavewanderedacrosslonghorizontaldistancesinmountainfoothillsandthelowlandsoftheGobiDesert.ButnewarchaeologicalevidencehiddeninatoweringtombrevealsthatitalsoventuredintothehighaltitudesofTibet—apreviouslyunknownarmofthetraderoutE.Discoveredin2005bymonksthe1800-year-oldtombsits4.3kilometersabovesealevelintheNgaridistrictofTibet.Whendiggingbeganin2012theresearchteamexaminingthesitewassurprisedtofindalargenumberoftypicalChinesegoodsinsidE.ThehaullendsitselftotheideathatmerchantsweretravelingfromChinatoTibetalongabranchoftheSilkRoadthathadbeenlosttohistory.ThefindingsareastonishingsaysHouyuanLuanarchaeobotanistattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsinBeijing.AmongotherartifactsarchaeologistsuneartheddelicatepiecesofsilkwithwovenChinesecharacterswanghoumeaningkingandprincesamaskmadeofpuregoldandceramicandbronzevessels.Theyalsoweretakenabackbywhatlookedliketeabuds.TheearliestdocumentationofteainTibetdatestotheseventhcenturyA.D.butthesebudswouldbe400to500yearsolder.ToconfirmtheidentificationLuandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthechemicalcomponentsofthesamplesanddetectedampleamountsofcaffeineandtheanine茶氨酸atypeofaminoacidabundantinteA.MoreoverthechemicalfingerprintsofthetearemaindersweresimilartothoseofteafoundinthetombofaChineseemperoroftheHanDynastydatedto2100yearsagoandbothcouldbetracedtoteavarietiesgrowninYunnaninsouthernChinA.ThisstronglysuggeststhattheteafoundintheTibetantombcamefromChinaLusays.ThefindingswererecentlypublishedinScientificReports.SuchearlycontactsbetweenTibetandChinapointtoahigh-altitudecomponentoftheSilkRoadinTibetthathasbeenlargelyneglectedsaysMartinJonesanarchaeobotanistattheUniversityofCambridgE.TheevidencecontributestotheemergingpicturethattheSilkRoad—whichtheOttomanEmpireclosedoffinthe15thcentury—wasahighlythree-dimensionalnetworkthatnotonlycrossedvastlineardistancesbutalsoscaledtallmountains.OtherstudiestoohavedocumentedsignsoftradealongmountaintrailsinAsiafromaround3000B.C.—routesnowknownastheInnerAsiaMountainCorridors.ThissuggeststhatmountainsarenotbarrierssaysRowanFladanarchaeologistatHarvardUniversity.Theycanbeeffectivechannelsfortheexchangeofculturesideasandtechnologies.SilkRoadHeadsfortheHillsFunctionoftheancientSilkRoadTopromote71andcommercialexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.Archaeological72T.heancientSilkRoadventuredintothehighaltitudesofTibetotherthantheusualtraderoutewhichhasbeenlargelytakenlittle73of.74●Thetoweringtomb754.3kilometersabovesealevelinTibetstoreslargequantitiesoftypicalChinesegoods.●ArchaeologistsuneartheddelicatepiecesofsilkwithwovenChinesecharactersapuregoldmaskandceramicandbronzevessels.●Theresearchteamwere76bytheteabudstheanalysisofwhosechemical77confirmstheywere400to500yearsolderthantheearliestdocumentationofteashoweD.●Thechemicalfingerprintsofthetea78stronglysuggestedthattheteacamefromChinA.79TheSilkRoadnotonlycrossedvastlineardistancesbutalsoscaledtallmountainswhicharenotbarriersto80culturesideasandtechnologies.
Historyisfullofcaseswheredreamshavebeenapathwaytocreativityanddiscovery.A.strikingexampleisprovidedbyDr.OttoLoewiapharmacologist药理学家andwinnerofaNobelPrizE.Loewihadspentyearsstudyingthechemicaltransmissionofnerveimpulses脉搏.A.tremendousbreakthroughinhisresearchcamewhenhedreamedofanexperimentthreenightsinarow.Thefirsttwonightshewokeupandwrotedowntheexperimentquicklyanduntidilyonpaper.Butthenextmorninghecouldn’ttellwhatthenotesmeant.Onthethirdnighthegotupafterhavingthedream.Thistimeinsteadofmakingnoteshewentstraighttohislaboratoryandperformedtheimportantexperiment.Loewilatersaidthatiftheexperimenthadoccurredtohimwhileawakehewouldhaverejectedit.Loewi’sexperimentgivessomeinsightintousingdreamstoproducecreativesolutions.Nervousfeelingsarereducedduringdreamingwhichmaybeespeciallyusefulinsolvingproblemsthatrequireafreshpointofview.Beingabletotakeadvantageofdreamsforsolvingisimprovedifyousetyourselfbeforeretiring.BeforeyougotobedtrytothinkintentlyaboutaproblemyouwishtosolvE.Buryyourselfintheproblembystatingitclearlyandreviewingallrelevantinformation.Thenusethesuggestionslistedintheprevioussectiontocatchyourdreams.AlthoughthismethodisnotguaranteedtoproduceanovelsolutionoranewinsightitiscertaintobeanadventurE.Abouthalfofagroupofcollegestudentsusingthemethodforaweekrecalledadreamthathelpedthemsolveapersonalproblem.32.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.A.verylittleisreallyknownaboutthemeaningofdreamsB.itispossibletocatchone’sdreamsbyplanningbeforegoingtosleepC.dreamscanbeusefulinproducingcreativesolutionstoone’sproblemsD.Loewi’sexperimenthelpedinthestudyoftransmissionofnerveimpulses33.Thefirstparagraphismainlyorganizedby_________.A.classifyingtypesofexperimentsB.summarizingtheworkofoneresearcherC.comparingandexploringhistoricalcasesD.tellingintimeorderaboutoneman’sresearch34.IfLoewihadthoughtoftheexperimentwhileawakehewouldhave_________.A.askedsomeoneelsetodoitB.thoughtitwasabadideaC.trieditoutonhisownD.thoughtitwasawiseidea35.Theauthorprobablythinksthat_________.A.nervousfeelingsmaystopsomeonethinkingofusefulideasB.dreamingisofverylittlevaluetomostpeopleC.LoewishouldnothaveconductedhisexperimentD.collegestudentsshouldnottryoutdreamexperiments
RobinLythe’sCaveEastYorkshireLookingforasenseofmagic?Somethingmysteriouswithalittledanger?Possiblyfilledwithghosts鬼魂?Andfreeofcharge?RobinLythe’sCavewillprovideeverythingyouneed—ifthesealevel’slow.Togetthereyouwalkdownfromthecarparkandtaketheroadontheright.Watchoutinspringforthehundredsofseabirdsnestingontherocks.IfthesealevelislowyouwillbeabletoseeacarveentrancE.Climbupandenter.YouarenowinsidethefirstsectionofthecavecalledFlamboroughHeaD.Forcenturiesthissectionhasbeenfamousforeatingshipsandsmugglers走私者thatsailedtoocloseduringhighsealevels.Atitsheightofgreedinessbetween1770and1806ittookoneshipevery10weeksonaveragE.Thecave’spaththenleadsthroughawetfrighteningpassageintoawonderfulcurvinghall15metreshigh.FromthereyoucanseeadistantlighttheseA.Smugglersusedtobringtheirgoodsuphereandhidethem—Frenchwineandtobaccomostly.AtothertimeslocalswouldfindbodieswashedinduringstormsandonesotheysaywasRobinLythE.MaybehewasasmugglertooandmaybeheisstillarounD.ThereareregularreportsofghostswalkingthroughthecavecarryingbottlesofwinE.Whenthesealevelisverylowit’ssafetoexplorearoundthecaveentranceareabutdon’tstaytoolong!BackonthecliffthereareexcellentwalkssouthpastthelighthousetothelongbeachthatleadstowardsBridlington.Watchoutfortheshort-earedowlshuntingaroundherE.Therearemysteriesheretoo:Dane’sDykeahugewall-basethatnoonehaseverproperlyexplained;andthestrangewhitestonesonthebeach—greatforbuildinganevenstrangersandcastlE.53.What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A.TointroducethehistoryofthecavE.B.ToencouragetouriststovisitthecavE.C.TodescribethesecretstoriesofthecavE.D.TowarnvisitorsofthedangerofthecavE.54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRobinLythe’sCaveistrue?A.NoentrancefeeisrequireD.B.It’sapopularbird-watchingsitE.C.It’sagreatplacetogoswimming.D.Shipsarenolongerallowedtosailnearit.55.Whatdidsmugglersmainlyusethecavefor?A.TohidefromthepolicE.B.Tokeeptheirboats.C.Tostoretheirgoods.D.ToburytheirdeaD.56.WhenisthesafesttimetoexploreRobinLythe’sCave?A.Atnight.B.Whentherearenostorms.C.Inspring.D.Whenthesealevelislow.
In1883acreativeengineernamedJohnRoeblingwasinspiredbyanideatobuildagreatbridgeconnectingNewYorkwiththeLongIslanD.HoweverbridgebuildingexpertsthoughtthatthiswasanimpossibleprojectandtoldRoeblingtoforgetit.ButRoeblingcouldnotignorethevisionofthisbridgE.AftermuchdiscussionandpersuasionhemanagedtoconvincehissonWashingtonanengineerthatthebridgecouldbebuilt.ThefatherandsondevelopedconceptsofhowitcouldbecompletedandhowthedifficultiescouldbeovercomE.AfterthattheybegantobuildtheirdreambridgE.Theprojectstartedwellbutwhenitwasonlyafewmonthsunderway在进行中atragicaccidentonthesitetookthelifeofJohnRoebling.WashingtonwasalsoinjuredandleftwithacertainamountofbraindamagewhichmadehimunabletowalkortalkorevenmovE.EveryonehadanegativecommentsincetheRoeblingsweretheonlyoneswhoknewhowtobuildthebridgE.InspiteofthesedifficultiesWashingtonwasneverdiscouragedandstillhadaburningdesiretocompletethebridgE.Itseemedthattherewasamessageforhimnottogiveup.Suddenlyanideahithim.Allhecoulddowastomoveonefingerandhedecidedtomakethebestuseofit.BymovingitheslowlydevelopedacodeofcommunicationwithhiswifE.Thenheusedthesamemethodoftappingherarmtotelltheengineerswhattodo.Theprojectwasunderwayagain.For13yearsWashingtontappedouthisinstructionswithhisfingeronhiswife'sarmuntilthebridgewasfinallycompleteD.TodaytheBrooklynBridgestandsinallitsglorytothevictoryofoneman'sdeterminationnottobedefeatedbycircumstances.Thisisoneofthebestexamplesofaneversaydieattitudethatovercomesaterriblephysicaldisabilityandachievesanimpossiblegoal.21.WhenJohnRoeblinghadtheideaofbuildingthebridge________.A.manyexpertsthoughtitimpossibleB.hissonsupportedhimimmediatelyC.therewasnobridgearoundNewYorkD.hepersuadedthegovernmenttosupporthim22.Whatistherightorderofthefollowingstatements?[a.TheRoeblingstalkedaboutthepossibilitiesofbuildingthebridgE.b.WashingtonbecamedisableD.c.JohnRoeblingbelievedthatbuildingthebridgewaspossiblE.d.Washington'swifehelpedinstructthebuilding.A.bcadB.adcbC.cabdD.adbc23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.togototheLongIslandwecangoacrossBrooklynBridgenowB.thegovernmentdidoffermuchhelptobuildthebridgeC.WashingtonhadonlyonefingeraftertheaccidentD.ittook13yearstocompletethebridge24.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowtheBrooklynBridgewasbuiltbytheRoeblings.B.TheRoeblingsweredevotedtotheirwork.C.AstrongwillisnottobedefeateD.D.Successliesinpatienceandhardwork.
Whathistoricalsiteimpressesyoumost?I’vealwaysbeenfascinatedbythepyramidsinEgypt.A.fewyearsagoIbravedalongqueueandclimbedthroughanarrowpassagetoreachthemainchamberdeepinsideoneofthem.LikemillionsofothertouristsImarveled赞叹atstone-walledroomsfullofthemagicofthisancientcivilization.Butpopularitymightbethedestructionofsucharchaeologicaltreasures.TakeTutankhamun’stombintheValleyoftheKingsforexamplE.Itlayuntouchedformorethan3000yearsuntiltheBritisharchaeologistHowardCarteruncovereditin1922.Nowmorethan1000peopleadaywalkthroughit.ButasmoreandmorepeoplevisitthetemperatureandhumidityinsidethetombchangE.Asaresultthebeautifullydecoratedplasteriscomingawayfromtherock.Inordertopreserveitsheritageareplica复制品ofthemonumentisbeingopenedabout1kilometerawayfromtheactualburialsitE.SpecialistshaverecordedeverydetailofTutankhamun’stombandusedthedatatorecreateit.AdamLowefromtheorganizationbehindtheprojectsaysthecopyisidenticaltotheoriginal.Hebelievesvisitorswillwanttobecomepartoftheforcethatprotectsitratherthanaforcethatisleadingtoitsdestruction.Sotheywon’tmindseeingareplicA.ButforhistorianTomHollandacopyisstillacopy.HebelievesthatalthoughpreservationisimportantthereissomethinguniqueaboutplaceslikeTutankhamun’stomB.Hesaysitwasbuiltbypeoplewhobelievedintheworldofthespiritsthedeadandthesupernatural.Youdon’thavetobelieveinagodorgodstofeelaplaceisconsecrated使圣化andhasaparticularqualitythatcan’tbereproduceD.Whataboutyou?Wouldyouvisitareplicaofamonumentratherthantheoriginaltohelppreserveit?8.WhatmayaccountforthedestructionofsomearchaeologicaltreasureslikeTutankhamun’stomb?A.ClimatechangE.B.Copies.C.Popularity.D.Thieves.9.WhatmeasureshavebeentakentopreservetheheritageofTutankhamun’stomb?A.Decoratingthemonumentagain.B.Buildingareplicaofthemonument.C.Limitingthenumberofvisitors.D.MovingthetombawayfromtheactualsitE.10.Theunderlinedwordidenticalisclosestinmeaningto________.A.superiorB.sensitiveC.exposedD.similar
October151970wasdeclaredInternationalW.hiteCaneSafetyDayIWCSDforthefirsttimebythePresidentoftheInternationalFederationoftheBlindIFB.ThisdatewasadoptedatthefirstconventionoftheIFBheldinColomboonOctober41969.TheobjectoftheexerciseistoenablethegeneralpublictohaveabetterunderstandingofblindnessandvisualhandicapandtomakepeoplemoreawareofthewhitecaneasamobilityaiD.Peguillyd’Herbemontwasbornon25thJune1888intoanoldFrenchnoblefamilyofthesamenamE.Inheryouthsheledtheconventionalandprotectedexistencelackofgreatactivityofagirlfromagoodfamilyanexistenceremindingofthelifeofthearistocracy贵族beforetheFrenchRevolution.ShenevervisitedapublicschoolbutwaseducatedbyGermanandEnglishgovernessesandnuns.HermovementswererestrictedandweremainlyconfinedtothefamilypositionsinParisandBelgiumbutshespentmostofhertimeatthecastleofCharmoisnotfarfromVerdun.IntheprocessofhelpingindividualblindpeopleacrosstheroadPeguillyd’Herbemontwasmadeawarebynarrowscrapes刮擦whichalmostledtoaccidentsofthedangeroussituationofthevisuallyimpairedbroughtaboutbythesteadilyincreasingtrafficontheroads.Shefirstspokeaboutmeasurestoprotecttheblindagainststreethazardstohermotherin1930butshewasoftheopinionthatitwasunfitforaladyofgoodsocietytocreateapublicoutcryandadvisedhertosticktothetranscriptionofbooksapopularpastimeofladiesofrankatthetimE.Buttheideadidnotleaveher.Theurgentwishtoencouragetheintegration成为一体oftheblindintosocietybyprovidingthemwithameansofmovingaboutmorefreelywithoutendangeringothersandatthesametimeattractingtheattentionofpassers-byreadytoofferassistancecausedhertotaketheunusualstepofwritingtotheeditoroftheParisdailyEchodeParisinwhichshesuggestedissuingtheblindoftheParisregionwithwhitestickssimilartothoseusedbythetrafficpolicE.TheeditortookuptheideapublisheditinNovember1930andsawtoitthattherelevantauthoritiesactedwithatypicalspeeD.Thusitwasthatthewhitecanereceivedofficialbackingandon7thFebruary1931.41.Theunderlinedwordstheexerciseherereferto_____.A.thefoundingoftheIFBB.thedeclarationofIWCSDC.theconventionoftheIFBD.thefirstconventionoftheIFB42.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutPeguillyd’Herbemont?A.Sheledatypicalaristocratlifewhenshewasyoung.B.ThoughshecouldtravelaroundEuropeshespentmosttimeatCharmois.C.ShewastaughtGermanandEnglishatapublicschool.D.Sheworriedaboutpossiblestreethazardsfortheblindwitnessingmanytrafficaccidents.43._____gaveherthewhitecaneideA.A.HerconcernaboutthedangeroussituationfortheblindcausedbytheincreasingtrafficB.TheaccidentshehadwhenhelpingblindpeopleacrosstheroadC.ThescrapesshegotwhencrossingtheroadD.Herurgentwishtointegrateintosocietytogetherwiththeblind44.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Peguillyd’Herbemont’smotherdidn’twanthertodrawthepublic’sattention.B.ItwascommonforpeopletowritetonewspaperstovoicetheiropinionatthetimE.C.Peguilly’sstrongdesiretohelptheblindmadehernotalooker-onbutanadvocatE.D.TheeditorcontributedalottothedeclarationofInternationalWhiteCaneSafetyDay.45.Thispassagemainlywantstotellus_____.A.Peguillyd’Herbemont’sachievementsB.howtocarefortheblindC.thefunctionofthewhitecaneD.howInternationalWhiteCaneSafetyDaycameintobeing
InitsearlyhistoryChicagohadfloodsfrequentlyespeciallyinthespringmakingthestreetssomuddythatpeoplehorsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:A.manisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.AskedifheneedshelpherepliesNothanks.I'vegotagoodhorseundermE.Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage排水systembuttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasementsandthesecondstoriesintomainfloorsorhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.ButwhataboutlargeheavystructureslikeTremontHotelwhichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotelPullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews螺旋千斤顶beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametimetherebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.AstonishinglytheTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperationandmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistoryeveryengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiverthecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.21.Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow______.A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB.Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddyC.ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous22.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto_______.A.getridofthestreetdirtB.lowertheChicagoRiverC.fightagainstheavyfloodsD.buildthepipesaboveground23.TheunderlinedwordhoistinParagraph4means_______.A.changeB.liftC.repairD.decorate24.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A.ItwentonsmoothlyasintendeD.B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C.ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews.D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.25.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______.A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements
ThetitleoflatestJamesBondfilmisSkyfall.ThefilmwasonintheUKon26October2012andintheUnitedStateson9November2012.Ithasbeen50yearssinceSeanConnerywasannouncedasthefirstmantoplayBondinthefilmnamedDrNo.DoyouexpectSkyfallwhichisthe23rdfilminthe007series?AtLondon’sCorinthiaHoteltheofficialgavealittleinformationaboutthestoryline:Bond’sloyalattitudetowardhisbossMissMwillbetestedwhenoneofherpaststaffcomesbacktohurther.AsMI6英国陆军情报六局isindanger007needstosolveproblemsandprotectMI6whateveritcosts.MendeswhowonabestdirectorOscarfor1999’sAmericanBeautytoldfansthatSkyfallwouldhaveallthefeaturesofaclassicBondmoviesuchasalotofaction.DanielCraigisbackforathirdtimeas007alongwithDameJudiDenchashisbossMissMsaidMendes.ManyfamousactorsandactresseswhohaveOscarwinsandnominations提名areincludedbutthefilm-makersremainkeepingtheirrolesinthefilmsecret.ProducersareshowingnosignsofcuttingoffthecostofSkyfall.Itisatthesamelevelasthe2008’sQuantumofSolacewhichcostabout$200m.ThefilmwillbemadeintheWhitehallScotlandChinaandTurkeyaswellasPinewoodStudiossaidaproducer.Whyhas007beenpopularforsolong?ProfessorJamesChapmanofLeicesterUniversitytheauthorofthebookACulturalHistoryoftheJamesBondFilmssaidTheymanagetoleteachnewfilmmeetthechangesnotjustinsocietybutinthepopulartasteoffilmculturE.ThatletseachgenerationgettheirownBonD.68.Thefirstfilmofthe007seriesis.A.AmericanBeautyB.QuantumofSolaceC.DrNoD.Skyfall69.WhichisTRUEabouttheactorsandactressesinSkyfall?A.Theyareallnewfacesforaudiences.B.Manyofthemhaveachievedalotinacting.C.Theyhaveplayedinallthefilmsofthe007series.D.TheyarefansofJamesBondandMendes.70.AccordingtoProfessorJamesChapmanwhatkeepsthe007filmspopularforsolong?A.Handsomeactorsandbeautifulactresses.B.Thegreatandexcitingactionscenes.C.Theinterestingstoryandthefamousdirector.D.Successfulchangesforeachgeneration.
Inthelastcoupleofyearstherehasbeenacrazeabouttime–travelingTVseriesinChinA.ThisyearitseemsliketheSouthKoreandramawritershavefalleninadeepnever-endinglovewiththetime–traveltrenD.RooftopPrinceAprincefromtheJoseonera18thcenturyLeeGakiscatapulted300yearsforwardintothefutureinSeoul2012withhisentourage随从whenhetriestoinvestigatethesuspiciouscircumstanceswhichsurroundthedeathofthewomanheloves.Inthepresenthefindsayoungwomanwholooksexactlylikehisbelovedcrownprincess.QueenIn-hyun’sManThedramasetduringtheJosenerafeaturestheheroKimBoong-doashetriestorestoretheexiledQueenIn-hyun.Itisinthistimeperiodheisgiventhetime-travelingpowerthattransportshimtothefutureworldwherehemakesfriendswithanactressplayingtheroleofQueenIn-hyunforadramainhertime.DrJinJinHyukisageniusneurosurgeon.ThroughamysteriouspowerJinfindshimselftransportedbackintime150years.Hebeginstreatingpeopletherebutthelackofequipmentandmedicalknowledgeoftheperiodforceshimtoseeknewwaystoaidthesick.ThroughthischallengingprocessJineventuallybecomesagenuinedoctor.OperationproposalKangBaek-horealizesthatheislovewithhisbestfriendHamYi-seulonthedayofherweddingtoanotherman.Hetravelsbackintimetovariouseventsoftheirliveshopingtochangetheoutcomeoftheirrelationship.WillKangbeabletochangethecourseoftheirfuture?21.WhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacecatapultedinParagraph2?A.capturedB.transportedC.traveledD.deserted22.WhatdothethreeTVserieshaveincommon?A.TheyareallaboutlovE.B.Theyalldescribewhathappenedinancienttimes.C.Theyareallbasedontruestories.D.Theyallfeaturetime–travel.23.Ifyouareinterestedinprince–and–princessstorywhichwillyoutuneinto?A.RooftopPrinceB.QueenIn-hyun’sManC.DrJinD.Operationproposal
In1693thephilosopherJohnLockewarnedthatchildrenshouldnotbegiventoomuchunhealthyfruittoeat.Threecenturieslatermisguidedideasaboutchild-raisingarestillpopular.ManyparentsfearthattheirchildrenwilldieunlessceaselesslywatcheD.InAmericathelawcanbeequallyparanoid偏执的.InSouthCarolinathismonthDebraHarrellwasjailedforlettingher9-year-olddaughterplayinaparkunsupervised无人监督的.Herseverepunishmentreflectstherichworld’sworryaboutparenting.Bymostobjectivemeasuresmodernparentsarefarmoreconscientious认真的thanpreviousgenerations.Dadsaremorehands-onthantheirfatherswereandworkingmothersspendmoretimenurturingtheirchildrenthanthehousewivesofthe1960sdiD.Howevertherearetwoproblemsinthispictureconnectedtoclass.OneisatthelowerenD.Evenifpoorparentsspendmoretimewiththeirchildrenthantheyoncedidtheyspendlessthanrichparentsdo.Americaisalaggardhere:itsgovernmentspendsabundantlyonschool-agekidsbutmuchlessthanotherrichcountriesonthefirsttwoorthreeyearsoflifE.IfAmericadidmoretohelppoorparentswithyoungchildrenitwouldhavehugereturns.Thesecondoneoccursattheotherendoftheincomescaleandmayevenapplytootherwiserational理性的Economistreaders:well-educatedrichparentstrytodotoomuch.Safetyispartofit—theyfearthatiftheyarenotconstantlywatchingtheirchildrenmaybreaktheirneckswhichistheleastrational.DespitetheimpressionyougetfromwatchingcrimedramaschildreninrichcountriesaresafesolongastheylookbothwaysbeforecrossingtheroaD.Theotherpopularparentalfear—thatyourchildrenmightnotgetintoanIvyLeaguecollege—ismorerational.AcademicsuccessmattersmorethaneverbeforE.ButbeyondacertainpointparentingmakeslessdifferencethanmanyparentsimaginE.StudiesinMinnesotaandSwedenforexamplefoundthatidenticaltwinsgrewupequallyintelligentwhethertheywereraisedtogetherorapart.A.studyinColoradofoundthatchildrenthatadoptedandraisedbybrainyparentsendedupnobrainierthanthoseadoptedbyaverageparents.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatparentingisirrelevant.Thefamilieswhoadoptchildrenarecarefullyscreenedsotheytendtobewarmcapableandmiddle-class.Butthetwinandadoptionstudiesindicatethatanychildgivenalovinghomeandadequatestimulationislikelytofulfillherpotential.Putanotherwaybetter-offparentscanaffordtorelaxabit.Andifyouarelessstressedyourchildrenwillappreciateitevenifyoustillmakethemeattheirfruitandvegetables.58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamisguidedideaofparentingmentionedinthepassage?A.C.hildrenshouldbeprotectedfromanydangersbytheirparentsB.ThemoreconscientiousparentsarethemorechildrenwillsurelybenefitfromparentingC.ChildrenwilldieunlessceaselesslywatchedD.Childrenarelikelytofulfilltheirpotentialwithalovinghomeandadequatestimulation59.TheunderlinedwordlaggardinParagraph2probablymeansacountrythat__________.A.isaheadindevelopmentB.fallsslowbehindothersC.isfreefromphysicalormentaldisorderD.movestoahigherposition60.Whichofthefollowingcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Onlywarmcapableandmiddle-classpeoplecanadoptachilD.B.Whenitcomestochild-raisingEconomistreaderswillbecomemorerational.C.Childreninrichcountriesareingreaterdangerduetothebadinfluenceofcrimedramas.D.Althoughpoorparentsspendmoretimewiththeirkidsthantheyoncedidtheyspendlessthanrichparentsdo.61.Thispassageismainlywrittento__________.A.urgeAmericanlawsconcerningparentingtobechangedB.advisemodernparentstolearnfromtheirpreviousgenerationsC.persuadestressedparentstolearntorelaxandgivemorefreedomtotheirchildrenD.callonthegovernmenttodomoretohelppoorparentswithschool-agechildren
ItwasDecember251914only5monthsintoWorldWarI.GermanBritishandFrenchsoldiersalreadysickandtiredofthesenselesskillingdisobeyedtheirsuperiorsandstartedsocialisingwiththeenemyalongtwo-thirdsoftheWesternFront.GermantroopsheldupChristmastreeswithsignsMerryChristmas.Thousandsoftroopsranacrossthebattlefieldscoveredwithdeadbodies.TheysangChristmassongsexchangedphotographsoflovedonesbackhomesharedfoodandevenplayedfootball.SoldiershuggedmentheyhadbeentryingtokillafewshorthoursbeforE.Theyagreedtowarneachotheriftheirofficersforcedthemtofiretheirweaponsandtoaimhigh.Fearranthroughthemilitaryleadersonbothsides.Theyfeltthattheirpowerwasbeingchallenged:soldiersdeclaringtheirbrotherhoodwitheachotherandrefusingtofight.Generalsdeclaredthisunexpectedpeacemakingillegalandsaidthatparticipatingsoldierswouldfaceamilitarycourt.Thosefoundguiltywouldbeimprisonedorevenshot.ByMarch1915thesocialisingmovementhadbeendestroyedandthekillingmachinewasbackinfulloperation.Overthenextthreeyearsmorethanfifteenmillionpeoplediedinthewar.NotmanypeoplehaveheardthestoryoftheChristmasTruce休战.OnChristmasDay1988alocalradiohostinBostonplayedChristmasintheTrenchesasongabouttheChristmasTruceseveraltimesandwasstunnedbyhislisteners’responsE.ThousandsofpeoplecalledinpraisingthesongwithmanymovedtotearsbytheamazingeventsitdescribeD.Youcanprobablyguesswhythecallerswereintears.TheChristmasTrucestorygoesagainstmostofwhatwehavebeentaughtaboutpeoplE.ItletsusseetheworldasitcanbeandsaysThisreallyhappenedoncE.ItshowsusthepotentialwehaveashumansandcontradictsallofthoseTVandnewspaperstoriesthattellushowmeanandheartlesspeoplearE.Itislikehearingthatourdeepestwishesreallyaretrue:theworldreallycanbedifferent.8.Thesoldiersbegansocialisingwiththeenemybecause________.A.theycouldn'tbearthemeaninglesskillingB.itwasthebestwaytoavoidbeingkilledC.theyfearedthattheywouldbecaughtD.theirenemieswerefromsimilarbackgrounds9.Howdidthegeneralsfinallyputanendtothesoldiers’socialising?A.Theysentthesoldiers’lovedonestoprison.B.Theymovedthetwogroupsofsoldiersfurtherapart.C.Theyincreasedthenumberofofficerstocontrolthesoldiers.D.Theywarnedthesoldiersthattheywouldfaceseverepunishment.10.TheunderlinedwordstunnedinParagraph4mostprobablymeans________.A.satisfiedB.shockedC.amusedD.confused11.Theauthorusesthestoryofthesoldierstoimplythathumanbeings________.A.arenottrustworthyunderstressB.arenaturallyaggressiveandwar-likeC.arebasicallycaringandkindheartedD.willalwaysdowhatisintheirownself-interest
Graphcanbeaveryusefultoolforconveyinginformationespeciallynumberspercentagesandotherdata.A.graphgivesthereaderapicturetointerpret.Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesandpagesexplainingthedata.Graphscanseemfrighteningbutreadingagraphisalotlikereadingastory.Thegraphhasatitleamainideaandsupportingdetails.Youcanuseyouractivereadingskillstoanalyzeandunderstandgraphsjustlikeanyothertext.BarGraphsAbargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts.InGraph1weseethatthex-axisshowsgradesthatstudentsearnedandthey-axisshowsbowmanystudentsearnedeachgrade.Youcanseethat6studentsearnedanA.becausethebarforA.stretchesupto6ontheverticalmeasurement.ThereisalotofinformationwecangetfromasimplegraphlikethisSeeGraph1.LineGraphsAlinegraphlookssimilartoabargraphbutinsteadofBarsitplotspointsandconnectsthemwithaline.IthastheSamepartsasabargraph–twolabeledaxes–andcanbereadthesameway.Toreadalinegraphit’simportanttofocusonthepointsofintersectionratherthanthelinesegmentsbetweenthepointsThistypeofgraphismostcommonlyusedtoshowhowsomethingchangesovertimE.HereisagraphthatchartshowfarabirdfliesduringthefirstFivedaysofitsspringmigrationSeeGraph2.Theunitofmeasurementforthex-axisisdays.Theunitofmeasurementforthey-axisiskilometers.Thuswecanseethatonthefirstdaythepipitflew20kilometers.ThelinesegmentgoesupbetweenDay1andDay2whichmeansthatthebirdflewfartheronDay2.IfthelinesegmentangleddawnasbetweenDay4andDay5itwouldmeanthatthebirdflewfewerkilometersthanthedaybeforE.Thislinegraphisaquickvisualwaytotellthereaderaboutthebird'smigration.PieGraphsAtypicalpiegraphlookslikeacircularpiE.ThecircleisdividedintosectionsandeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedatA.Thegraphiscommonlyusedtoshowpercentages;thewholepierepresentsl00percentsoeachpieceisafractionofthewholE.ApiegraphmightincludealegendoritmightuseiconsorlabelswithineachslicE.Thispiegraphshowsonmonth'sexpenseSeeGraph3.Food$25Movies$12Clothing$36Savings$20Books$721.WhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaC.orbetterA.4.B.6.C.10.D.20.22.Thebirdcoveredthelongestdistanceon_____A.Day1B.Day2C.Day3D.Day423.WhichofthefollowingcostAmymost?A.FooD.B.BooksC.MoviesD.Clothing.
In1800onlythreepercentoftheworld'spopulationlivedincities.Onlyonecity—Beijing—hadapopulationofoveramillion.Mostpeoplelivedinruralareasandneversawacityintheirlives.In1900justahundredyearslaterroughly150millionpeoplelivedincitiesandtheworld’stenlargestcitiesallhadpopulationsexceedingonemillion.By2000thenumberofcitydwellersexceededthreebillion;andin2008theworld'spopulationcrossedatippingpoint—morethanhalfofthepeopleonEarthlivedincities.By2050thatcouldincreasetoovertwo-thirds.Clearlyhumanshavebecomeanurbanspecies.Inthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanypeopleviewedcitiesnegatively—crowdeddirtyenvironmentsfullofdiseaseandcrimE.Theyfearedthatascitiesgotbiggerlivingconditionswouldworsen.InrecentdecadeshoweverattitudeshavechangeD.Manyexpertsnowthinkurbanization城市化isgoodnewsofferingsolutionstotheproblemsofEarth’sgrowingpopulation.HarvardeconomistEdwardGlaeserauthorofTheVictoryoftheCirisonesuchperson.Glaeserarguesthatcitiesareveryproductivebecausetheabsenceofspacebetweenpeoplereducesthecostoftransportinggoodspeopleandideas.Whiletheflowofgoodshasalwaysbeenimportanttocitieswhatismostimportanttodayistheflowofideas.Successfulcitiesenablepeopletolearnfromeachothereasilyandattractandrewardsmartpeoplewithhigherwages.AnotherurbanizationsupporterisenvironmentalistStewartBranD.Brandbelievescitieshelptheenvironmentbecausetheyallowhaftoftheworld’spopulationtoliveonaboutfourpercentofthelanD.ThisleavesmorespaceforopencountrysuchasfarmlanD.CitydwellersalsohavelessimpactperpersonontheenvironmentthanpeopleinthecountrysidE.TheirroadssewersandpowerlinesneedfewerresourcestobuildandoperatE.Cityapartmentsrequirelessenergytoheatcoolandlight.Mostimportantlypeopleincitiesdrivelesssotheyproducefewergreenhousegasesperperson.Soit’samistaketoseeurbanizationasevil;it’sanaturalpartofdevelopment.Thechallengeishowtomanagethegrowth.4.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Thehistoryofmoderncities.B.Changestakingplacewithincities.C.HowcitieshavegrownovertimE.D.Whymoderncitiesarechanging.5.Howhaveexperts’attitudestowardscitieschangedinrecentdecades?A.Theynowviewtheweaknessesasstrengths.B.Theynolongerseecity-rivingasattractivE.C.Theyacceptcitylifeinspiteofitsproblems.D.Theythinkcity-rivingprovidesmorebenefits.6.WhichofthefollowingwouldEdwardGlaeseragreewith?A.Citiesprovidemoreeconomicopportunities.B.Citypeoplegetalongbetterwitheachother.C.Over-crowdedcitiesresultinproblems.D.Citieslimittheflowofideas.7.AccordingtoParagraph4whatwouldbetheresultofmovingpeopleoutofcities?A.EconomicproductionwouldbereduceD.B.TherewouldbelessfarmlandavailablE.C.Peoplewouldtravellessfrequently.D.Housevalueswouldfallgreatly.
InancientEgyptashopkeeperdiscoveredthathecouldattractcustomerstohisshopsimplybymakingchangestoitsenvironment.Modernbusinesseshavebeenfollowinghisleadwithmoretactics策略.Onetacticinvolveswheretodisplaythegoods.Forexamplestoresplacefruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection.Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfoodlaterintheirtrip.Indepartmentstoressectionisgenerallynexttothewomen’scosmetics化妆品sectionwhiletheshopassistantisgoingbacktofindtherightsizeshoeboredcustomersarelikelytowanderovercosmeticstheymightwanttotrylater.Besidesbusinessesseektoappealtocustomers’senses.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshoppingtheymaketheirownbreadeachmorningandthenfanthebreadsmellintothestorethroughouttheday.Musicsellsgoodstoo.ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayedsalesofFrenchwinewentup.Whenitcomestothesellingofhousesbusinessesalsousehighlyrewardingtactics.Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisioninthefirstfewseconduponwalkinginthedoorandturnitintoabusinessopportunity.A.Californiabuilderdesignedthestructureofitshousessmartly.WhenenteringthehousethecustomerwouldseethePacificOceanthroughthewindowsandthenthepollthroughanopenstairwayleadingtothelowerlevel.Theinstantviewofwateronbothlevelshelpedsellthese$10millionhouses.28.Whydostoresusuallydisplayfruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection?A.Tosavecustomerstimes.B.Toshowtheyarehighqualityfoods.C.TohelpselljunkfooD.D.Tosellthematdiscountprices.29.AccordingtoParagraph3whichofthefollowingencouragescustomerstobuy?A.Openingthestoreearlyinthemorning.B.DisplayingBritishwinesnexttoFrenchones.C.InvitingcustomerstoplaymusiC.D.FillingthestorewiththesmelloffreshbreaD.30.WhatistheCaliforniabuilder’sstoryintendedtoprove?A.Thehousestructureisakeyfactorcustomersconsider.B.Themorecostlythehouseisthebetteritsells.C.Anoceanviewismuchtothecustomers’tastE.D.A.goodfirstimpressionincreasessales.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowbusinessesturnpeopleintotheircustomers.B.Tointroduceshowbusinesseshavegrownfromthepast.C.Toreportresearchesoncustomerbehavior.D.Toshowdishonestbusinesspractices.
In1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternationalfestivalofmusicdanceandtheatreinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.AtthesametimetheFringeappearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival.Eighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin1947inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperformandtheydidsoinapublichousedisused废弃foryears.SoongroupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversityandlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridgeDurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatrebylittle-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.TodaytheFringeoncelessrecognizedhasfaroutgrown长得过thefestivalwitharound1500performancesoftheatremusicanddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyearsearlyas1959withonly19theatregroupsperformingsomesaiditwasgettingtoobig.A.paidadministrator管理员wasfirstemployedonlyin1971andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundandthenumberrisesto150duringAugustitself.In2004therewere200placeshousing1695showsbyover600differentgroupsfrom50differentcountries.Morethan125millionticketsweresolD.12.WhatwasthepurposeofEdinburghFestivalathebeginning?A.TobringEuropetogetheragain.B.TohonorheroesofWorldWar11.C.Tointroduceyoungtheatregroups.D.ToattractgreatartistsfromEuropE.13.WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatregroupscometoEdinburghin1947?A.TheyownedapublichousetherE.B.TheycametotakeupachallengE.C.Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.D.Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.14.WhojoinedtheFringeafteritappeared?A.theyownedapublichousethereB.Universitystudents.C.trustsfromaroundtheworlD.D.PerformersofmusicanddancE.15.WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinburghFestival__________.A.hasbecomeanon-officialeventB.hasgonebeyondanartfestivalC.givesshowsallyearroundD.keepsgrowingrapidly
Perhapswe’llalwaysbefoolswhenitcomestofiguringouttheoriginsofAprilFool’sDay.Somehistorianssayithassomethingtodowiththechangeofthecalendar.Otherssaythat’scompletenonsense---ithastodowiththechangeoftheseasons.Regardlessofhowitstartedithasdevelopedintothesilliestdayoftheyear.ThehistoryofAprilFool’sDayisn’tclearbutsomebelieveitbeganinFrancearound1582withthereformofthecalendarunderCharlesIX.TheGregoriancalendarwasintroducedmovingNewYear’sDaytoJanuary1stinsteadofthepreviousmarch25—April1.Becausenewstraveledslowlysomepeopleknewnothingaboutthechangesofseveralyears.StillothersrefusedtoacknowledgethechangeandcontinuedtocelebrateitonthelastdayoftheformercelebrationApril1.Thesepeoplewerecalledfools.Butmaybeit’sjustthattimeoftheyear---theturnofwintertospring---thatmakeseveryoneabitexcitedandreadyforsomefun.AfteralltheRomanshadafestivalnamedHilariathatfellonMarch25th.TodayAprilFool’sDayhasspreadthroughoutmuchoftheworldwithculturesgivingtheirownideaontheday.Here’salookatsomeofthesilliness.InEnglandjokesareonlyplayedinthemorning.Itisconsideredbadlucktoplayapracticaljokeonsomeoneintheafternoon.InScotlandAprilFool’sDayiscelebratedovertwodaysandisalsoknownasAprilGawk.Theseconddayofthecelebrationinvolvestricks.ItisknownasTailyDay.InPortugalAprilFool’sDayiscelebratedontheSundayorMondaybeforeLent大斋期.Trickstersthrowflouratfriends.AndAmerica?Anythinggoes.Fromsimplesillyliestocomplextricks.WhatisyourfavoriteAprilFool’sjoke?60.AsfortheoriginsofAprilFool’sDay________.A.almostnoonetakesinterestinitB.opinionsarewidelydividedC.itisduetothecalendarchangeD.thehistoriansthinkitmeaningless61.Somepeoplewerecalledfoolsbecause________.A.they’renotwellinformedaboutnewthingsB.theydidn’tknowthechangesforcalendarC.theyheldfirmlyontotheirownviewsD.theyweretiredoftheFrenchlifestyle62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage__________.A.thewholeworldcelebratesAprilFooltogetherB.differentcelebrationsareforAprilFool’sDayC.theAmericanstendtomakefunoftheirfriendsD.thePortugueseobserveFool’sDayeverySunday
YoumaybeinterestedinthepresentsituationofBlackAmericanstoday.Itistruethattheirconditionshavechangedforthebettersincethemid-1970's.ManyBlacksareattendingcollegesandthree-fourthsBlackcollegestudentsarenowstudyingintheformallyall-whiteinstitutions.BettereducationoffersbetteropeningsforBlacks.WithbetteremploymentthepercentageofBlacksdoingskilledlaborroseafterthe1970'sbyabout76%.ManyBlacksenteredthemiddleclassandmovedoutoftheslums.Manyhavebeenelectedtogovernmentalpositions.WhatevertheymightbehowevertheymustsharewithotherBlacksthebondofbeingBlack.Frustratedbywhitexenophobia恐惧人orsuperiorityallBlackssufferfromvariousformsofracism种族歧视.NobodycanignorethefactthatoverathirdofallBlackAmericansarestilllivingbelowpovertylevel.StatisticstellusthathalfofallBlackchildrengrowupinpovertyandalmost2millionBlacksarejoblessthatisover12%oftheBlackworkforceisunemployeD.Therateis2.5timesthanforWhites.IncomparisonwithWhitesBlackfamiliesearnsomuchlessthanisneededforadecent像样的butmodestlivingstandarD.UsuallyaBlackfamily’sincomeisonly55%thatofawhiteonE.WhileseeingtheriseofafewBlackswemustnoticeatthesametimethatfartoomanyBlacksarelivinginhopelessnessanddespairfromwhichtheyhavelittlehopetoescapE.Whocanguaranteethattheunemployedwillaccepttheirlotquietlyorthatthedespairingwillcontaintheirangerforever?Americansarefarfromachievingthegoalofacolor-blindsociety.BlackproblemsarestillanationalissuetobesolveD.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theirliveshavetotallychangedsincethemid-1970s.B.BlackscanenjoythesameeducationconditionasWhites.C.ThemajorityoftheBlacksareleadingcomfortablelives.D.MoreBlacksthanWhitesareunemployedinAmericatoday.11.AccordingtothepassagetherateofunemploymentofAmericanWhitesis__A.morethan5%B.lessthan5%C.morethan12%D.lessthan12%12.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__A.theAmericanBlackswillfightfortheirequalityB.manyBlacksaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentlivesC.AmericanBlackshavebrokenawayfromracismD.nobodycaresaboutBlacks.13.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Blacks'fightforequality.B.BlackprobleminAmericA.C.TheunemploymentproblemofAmericanBlacks.D.ThechangesofBlacks’livesinAmerica.14.Thephrasecolor—blindsocietyprobablymeans.A.theSocietythatdislikescolorB.thesocietywithalotofcolor—blindsufferersC.thesocietythatpaysnospecialattentiontoskincolorsD.thesocietyistooblindtodifferthecolors
July28th2003London—Ithasn'tbeenlikethissincethedeathofDianA.BritainhasbeensufferingfromanationalnervousbreakdowneversinceDavidBeckhamhandsomeidoloftheManchesterUnitedSoccerTeamannouncedthathewasleavingtoplayforRealMadriD.TheSunsetupaBeckhamgrief悲伤helplineandhadalotofcallsfromhisfans.Onecallerevensaidhewasconsideringkillinghimself.A.manwhohasBeckhamtattooedonhisarmsaidhewantedtocutitoff.IcriedmyselftosleepafterhearingtheterriblenewssaidgrandmotherMaryRichardsaged85.A.LondontaxidriveraskedHastheworldgonemad?He'sonlyafootballer！Buthewasmistaken.A.footballeristheleastofwhatDavidBeckhamis.IntheperiodofsoccerthatwillcometobeknownasB.B.—BeforeBeckham—thesportwasateamgamE.Whatmatteredwastheclubtheteamandtheplayerinthatorder.Theninthemid1990sDavidBeckham—orBeckswhoisknowninthatfamiliarshortenedformtheBritishliketocalltheirworkingclassherocamealongandchangedthefaceofsoccer.Itwasn'thisrightfootthatchangedthegamebuthisphotogenicfacE.Andthefactisthatheusedittobecomeoneofthemostrecognizableandrichestathletesintheworldreceivingasalaryof$8millionperyearandearningatleast$17millionmoreinadvertisements.YoucanneverimaginethathismovefromManchesterUnitedtoRealMadridis$40million.Beckhaminterestsnotonlythosewhohavenointerestintheclubforwhichheplaysbutthosewhohavenointerestinsoccer.HeisthemostrecognizedsportsmaninAsiaandhe'sevenmanagedtointerestAmerican-s.The27-year-oldtongue-tiedsurprisinglyshyworking-classboyfromLondon'sEastEndhasturnedhimselfintoasoccervirusonethathasmadethewholeworldmaD.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordbreakdownmostprobablymeaninthetext?A.A.feelingofbeingnervous.B.A.suddenfeelingofweakeningtheminD.C.A.feelingofbeingregretful.D.A.suddenfailureinoperation.13.AccordingtothetextafterhearingthenewsthatBeckhamwasleavingtoplayforRealMadrid________.A.manypeoplecalledBeckhamB.manypeoplecalledtheSunC.amankilledhimselfD.amancutoffoneofhisarms14.AccordingtotheauthorBeckham________.A.changedthesizeandshapeofsoccerB.changedtherulesofsoccerC.usedhisfacetobecomefamousD.getsasalaryof$65millionayear15.Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.maybeEastEndusedtobeonepoorareainLondonB.theSunisatelephonecompanyinEnglandC.BeckhamhasgotacertainkindofdiseaseD.Beckham'smovetoRealMadridremindedpeopleofthedeathofDiana
InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforesttherestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous土著的peoplE.Surprisinglythesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.AndyetpeopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony殖民地oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.IntheorytheyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.HowevertheirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknownthusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaoflawlessnessintheworlD.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenchmanformPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisareawhichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforestwithhalfitspopulationofonly250000livinginitscapitalCayennE.IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeoplE.IhaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyearssaysGin.I’vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon’tseeitasalawlesslanD.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.IwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlifecontinuesGin.Iprefertoworkinblackandwhitewhichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintimE.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublicwhichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfarebutalsoalcoholismbetrayalandevensuicidE.28.WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A.TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C.TheyareseparatedfromthemodernworlD.D.TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.29.GinintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas_________.A.atourguideB.ageographerC.afilmdirectorD.aphotographer30.WhatisGin’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.UninteresteD.D.AppreciativE.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditinthelastparagraphreferto?A.ThemodernFrenchlifestylE.B.Theself-supportinghunting.C.TheuncivilizedworlD.D.TheFrenchRepubliC.
TheCatcherintheRyeisa1951novelbyJ.D.Salinger.A.controversialnoveloriginallypublishedforadultsithassincebecomepopularwithadolescentreadersforitsthemesofteenageangstandalienation.Ithasbeentranslatedintoalmostalloftheworld'smajorlanguages.Around250000copiesaresoldeachyearwithtotalsalesofmorethan65millionbooks.Thenovel'sheroHoldenCaulfieldhasbecomeaniconforteenagerebellion.Thenovelalsodealswithcomplexissuesofidentitybelonginglossandconnection.ThenovelwasincludedonTime's2005listofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelswrittensince1923anditwasnamedbyModernLibraryanditsreadersasoneofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelsofthe20thcentury.In2003itwaslistedatnumber15ontheBBC'ssurveyTheBigReaD.Bannedbymanyschoolsandlibrarieswhenfirstpublishedin1951TheCatcherintheRyehasbeencausingcontroversyforhalfacentury.J.D.Salinger’ssoul-searchingnovelofyouthfulalienationhaslongsincefaceddownitsinitiallyhostilereception.NowadaysitisoneofthemostfrequentlytaughtbooksinhighschoolEnglishclassesintheUnitedStates.Inthedeeplyconservativeearly1950smanyAmericanswereshockedbyCatcher’sexplicitlanguageandopentreatmentofdelicateissuessuchaspsychologicalinstabilityandsexuality.Mostofthecontroversynowadayshoweverconcernshowthebookanditsprecocious1早熟的heroareinterpreteD.HoldenCaulfieldisthe16-year-oldschoolboywhosefirst-personnarrativeofhismentalbreakdownoverseveraldaysformsthebasicplot.Criticsgenerallyagreethatheistheonlyessentialcharacterinthenovel.HoweveropinionsaredividedontheoutcomeofHolden’sconstantragingagainstthehypocrisyoftheadultworld:Someseehiseventualshowingangeragainstthehypocrisy虚伪oftheadultworlD.Someseehiseventualacceptanceofrealityasapositiveviewofhismaturationwhileothersviewhiscapitulationasanaccusationofanoppressivesociety.Theauthorhasfueledcontroversyhimselfbyremainingareclusive隐遁的figurewhohasrefusedtocommentonhisworkorpublishanythingfurther.Whateverhisopinionsthereisnodoubtingthebookthatmadehimfamouspresentsachallengetoreaderswhocaretocontemplatetheemptinessandisolationofthehumancondition.HoldenCaulfieldthecentralcharacterinTheCatcherintheRyehasbeencomparedwithHuckleberryFinnMarkTwain’snaiveadolescentrunawayinthenovelofthesamenamE.BothboysaretryingtomakesenseoftheworldwhileseekingstabilityandindependencE.AtthebeginningofTheCatcherintheRyeHoldenhasjustbeenkickedoutofyetanotherboardingschool.HavingafewdaystokillbeforereturninghomefortheChristmasbreakhehopsonatraintoNewYork.TherehespendshistimewanderingaimlesslyfromonebriefencountertoanothergettingprogressivelymoredisgustedwithwhathecallsthephoninessoftheadultworlD.HoldendesirestheinnocenceandsimplicityofchildhoodwhileatthesametimedoinganumberofadultthingssuchastryingtogetadrinkinabarandmeetingwithaprostitutE.EventuallywiththehelpofhisyoungersisterhecomestotherealizationthatchildrencannotbeprotectedforeverfromtheimperfectionsoftheadultworlD.ThisisnotachievedhoweverwithoutHoldenfirstdrivinghimselftothebrinkofinsanity.疯狂LikeTheAdventureofHuckleberryFinnTheCatcherintheRyeisacoming-of-agenovel.Itiswritteninthelanguageofitstimeyetcoversissuesthatarestillrelevanttoyoungpeopletoday.Itislikelytoretainitsstatusasathought-provokingifsomewhatdepressingreadforquitesometimE.65.WhatinformationcanwelearnaboutThecatcherintheRyefromthefirstparagragh?A.Itsheroisatypicalrepresentativeofmodernyouths.B.Muchofitscontentisnotverysuitableforteenagers.C.Itdealswithbehavioralandpsychologicalproblems.D.Despiteitspopularitythereareargumentsaboutit.66.WhatcanweinferaboutHoldenCaulfield_______.A.HedoeswhatheissupposedtoforhisagE.B.HedoesnotbehaveproperlyasastudentC.HedoessomethingagainstthegovernmentD.Hedoesnothavemuchaffectionforhisfamily67.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheauthorJ.D.Salinger___________.A.HehadTheCatcherintheRyewellreceivedinthe1950s.B.Hebecamefamousfortheteenagershecreatedinhisworks.C.HecausedpeopletoarguemoreheatedlybykeepingsilencE.D.HereflectedhisownteenagelifeinTheCatcherintheRyE.68.TheCatcherintheRyeiscomparedwithTheAdventureforHuckleberryFinnbecause________.A.thetwoheroeshavesomethingincommonB.thetwonovelstellthereaderssimilarstoriesC.thetwobookswerewritteninthesameperiodD.thetwoauthorsshareanumberofsimilarities69.TheCatcherintheRyeisnowpopularprobablybecause____________.A.peopletodayarenolongerasconservativeasbeforE.B.adolescentstodayfacethesameproblemsinthebook.C.Salingerhasbeenconsideredoneofthegreatestwriters.D.youngpeoplewanttolearnaboutadolescentsinthepast.70.Wheremightyoufindthepassage?A.InatextbookB.InanewspaperC.InafictionD.Inabiography
Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir回忆录ofRalphW.TylerwhoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902broughtupandschooledinNebraskathe19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddandW.W.Charterswhoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownnationalityin1938whenhecarriedhisworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromOhioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciencesatStanfordapositionheheldforfourteenyears.Therehefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbefreetoseekanindependent独立的spiritintheirwork.AlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967heneveractuallyretireD.HeservedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroaD.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadviseteachersandmanagementpeopleonhowtosetobjectives目标thatdevelopthebestteachingandlearningwithintheirschools.28.Tylerissaidtohaveneveractuallyretiredbecause____________.A.hedevelopedanewmethodoftestingB.hecalledforfreespiritinresearchC.hewasstillactiveingivingadviceD.hestillledtheEight-YearStudy
FlorenceNightingalewasbornonMay12th1820inFlorenceItaly.Shewasborntoawealthyandwell-educatedEnglishfamily.WhenshewasyoungshebecameinterestedincaringforthesickandwantedtoworkinnursingbutherparentswouldnotallowhertobeanursE.Theyexpectedhertogetmarriedandliveatraditionalwoman’slifE.HoweverNightingalehadmadeuphermindsoherparentshadtogivein.ShetraveledthroughoutEuropeduringherearlyyearsandlearnedmanylanguagesincludingGreekLatinFrenchandItalian.Shealsovisitedmanyofthehospitalsinthesecitiesandtookmanynotesofthesanitary卫生的conditionsinthesehospitals.In1849shetraveledtoEuropetostudytheEuropeanhospitalsystem.In1854sheworkedasamanagerattheHospitalforIn-validGentlewomeninLondon.ThefollowingyeartheCrimeanWar克里米亚战争brokeout.Florenceled38nursesandtraveledtoScutaritohelpthewoundedsoldiers.Whentheyarrivedtheretheyfoundthehospitalconditionswereverypoor.ManyofthewoundeddidnothavebedsandwerelyingonthegrounD.Florenceandhernursesmanagedtoimprovetheconditions.Florencealsocaredaboutthesocialwelfareofthesoldiersandwouldvisitthemduringthenightafterevery-oneelsehadgonetosleep.ShewasreferredtoasTheLadywiththeLamp.In1860shefoundedtheNightingaleSchoolfornursesatStThomas’HospitalinLondon.OncethenursesweretrainedtheyweresenttohospitalsalloverBritainwheretheyintroducedwhattheyhadlearnt.Nightingale’sconcernsforsanitationmilitary军队的healthandhospitalplanningpracticesarestillinexistencetoday.Shediedonthe13thAugust1910.46.Whatarewetoldinthepassage?A.Nightingalehadthesamenameasthecityofherbirth.B.Nightingale’sparentssupportedherdecisionsallthetimE.C.Nightingaledidn’twanttomarry.D.Nightingaleonlyvisitedthewoundedatnight.47.AtleasthowmanylanguagesdidNightingaleknow?A.2B.3C.4D.548.WhatwasthepurposeofNightingale’striptoEuropein1849?A.Tolearnmanylanguages.B.TostudythehospitalsystemtherE.C.ToexaminethehospitalstherE.D.TomanagethehospitalstherE.49.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Nightingalewastheonlywomanwhofoundedtheschoolfornursesinhistory.B.ItwasthewarthathelpedNightingaleachievehergoals.C.Nightingale’sideasaffectedBritaingreatly.D.Nightingalewas80whenshedieD.
Fromtheearliesttimesmanhasbeeninterestedinart.Peoplehaveoftenworkedtogethertocollectandsavetheworld'sarttreasures.FinearttreasuresfrommanycountriesarekeptinanartmuseumcalledtheLouvreinParisFrance.TheworksofarthavebeencollectedbythepeopleofFranceovermanycenturies.TheLouvrehasnotalwaysbeenamuseum.Thefirstbuildingwasafort炮台.In1190itwastheking'scastlewithhighwallsandaroundtower.Ithadamoattokeepouthisenemies.Overtheyearsthenumberofbuildingsaroundthecastlegrew.By1350thecastlewasnolongerneededasafort.TheLouvrebecameapalacehomeforFrenchkingsandqueens.Duringtimesofpeacenewtreasureswerebroughtin.Duringdaysofwarmanytreasureswerestolenandthebuildingsweredamaged.WhenFrancisIbecamekingofFrancein1515hebroughtinartistsfrommanycountries.OneoftheartistswasLeonardodaVincifromItaly.DaVinci'sMonaLisaisthebestknownpaintinginthemuseumtoday.In1793theLouvrebecameapublicmuseumjustasitisnow.Itisaplacewherearttreasureshavebeensavedforeveryonetoenjoy.56.Onthewholethispassageismainlyabout____..A.anartmuseumcalledtheLouvreB.anItalianartistnamedLeonardodaVinciC.akingofFrancenamedFrancisID.thebestknownpaintinginLouvre57.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueA.TheLouvreusedtobeafortaverylongtimeago.B.Frenchkingsandqueensoncelivedinit.C.TheLouvrewastakenbyenemiesin1190.D.ManytreasureswerebroughtintotheLouvreovertheyears.58.WhyisitgoodforgreatarttobekeptinpublicmuseumsA.IthelpspeoplerememberwhotheKingofFranceis.B.Itkeepspeopleoutofthepalaces.C.Itgiveseveryoneachancetoenjoygoodart.D.Ithelpspeopletoknowwhoisthegreatestartist.59.Fromthepassageweknowthat_____.A.itisnotpossiblefortreasurestobestolenB.oldfortsalwaysmakethebestmuseumsC.greatartshouldbesharedwithallthepeopleD.kingFrancisIofFrancebroughtinartistsfromanoldfort60.Inthethirdparagraphthewordmoatprobablymeans_____.A.ahightowerbuiltinformertimeswheresoldierswatchedoutforenemiesB.alonganddeepditchdugroundacastleandwasusuallyfilledwithwaterC.acartpulledbyhorsesonwhichsoldiersfoughtD.alongandhighwallaroundcastle
Forcenturiespeoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Othershoweverthinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infactmanyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.BeforemoderntimesmanypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGoD.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologistSigmundFreudwasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.HebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelingsthoughtsandfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallifE.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungonceastudentofFreud's.Junghoweverbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexamplepeoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhandpeoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.ForexamplepsychologistWilliamDomhofffromUCSCtheUniversityofCaliforniaSantaCruzbelievesthatdreamingisamental精神的skillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AnotherpsychologistAdamSchneideralsofromUCSChasfoundthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexamplethepeopleinmen’sdreamsareoftenothermenandthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.Howeveronethingtheyagreeonisthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccuryoushouldn'tpaniC.ThedreammayhavemeaningbutitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplacE.32.Beforethe1900s______.A.peopleconsidereddreamsmeaninglessB.therewerenoscientificstudiesofdreamsC.psychologistshadnoideaaboutdreamsD.dreamswerethoughttohappenonlyatnight33.WecaninferfromCarlJung’sresearchthat_______.A.hedisagreedwithFreud’sideaaboutdreamsB.dreamsareanexpressionofaperson’swishesC.heprovedthatFreud’sideaaboutdreamswastrueD.howpeoplethinkofthemselvesisaffectedbytheirdreams34.Whofoundaconnectionbetweendreamsandage?A.CarlJungB.AdamSchneiderC.SigmundFreudD.WilliamDomhoff35.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.What’sDream?B.AreDreamsReal?C.FamousDreamPsychologistsD.Dreams’InfluencesonPeople’sLife
TheAmericannewspaperhasbeenaroundforaboutthreehundredyears.In1721theprinterJamesFranklin.Benjamin’solderbrotherstartedtheNewEnglandCourantandthatwaswhatwemightrecognizetodayasarealnewspaper.Hefilledhispaperwithstoriesofadventurearticlesonartonfamouspeopleandonallsortsofpoliticalsubjects.ThreecenturiesaftertheappearanceofFranklin’sCourantfewbelievethatnewspapersintheirpresentprintedformwillremainaliveforlong.NewspapercompaniesarelosingadvertisersreadersmarketvaluE.anD.insomecasestheirsenseofpurposeataspeedthatwouldnothavebeenimaginablejustseveralyearsago.ThechiefeditorofthetimessaidrecentlyAtplaceswheretheygathereditorsaskoneanother'Howareyou?'asiftheyhavejustcomeoutofthehospitaloralostlawcamE.AnarticleaboutthenewspaperappearedonthewebsiteoftheGuardianundertheheadlineNOTDEADYET.PerhapsnotbuttheriseoftheInternetwhichhasmadethedailynewspaperlookslowandoutofstepwiththeworldhasbroughtaboutarealsenseofdeath.SomeAmericannewspapershavelost42%oftheirmarketvalueinthepasttheeyears.TheNewYorkTimesCompanyhasseenitsstock股票dropby54%sincetheendof2004withmuchofthelosscominginthepastyear.A.manageratDeutscheBanksuggestedthatstock-holderssellofftheirTimesstock.TheWashingtonPostComplyhaspreventedthetroubleonlybychangingpartofitsbusinesstoeducation:itstestingandtest-preparationservicenowbringsinatleasthalfthecompany’sincomE.12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNewEnglandCurran?A.Itismainlyaboutthestockmarket.B.ItmarksthebeginningoftheAmericannewspaper.C.ItremainsasuccessfulnewspaperinAmericA.D.Itcomesarticlesbypoliticalleaders.13.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewspapereditors?A.Theyoftenacceptreaders’suggestionsB.Theycarealotabouteachother’shealth.C.Theystopdoingbusinesswithadvertisers.D.Theyfacegreatdifficultiesintheirbusiness.14.Whichofthefollowingfoundanewwayforitsdevelopment?A.TheWashingtonPostB.TheGuardianC.TheNewYorkTimes.D.NewEnglandCourant15.Howdoestheauthorseemtofeelaboutthefutureofnewspapers?A.SatisfiedB.HopefulC.WorriedD.Surprised
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