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请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整程序代码publicclassthrowsExcept
大韩航空的中心枢纽是_____
PRG
GDL
SEL
IcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotkn
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整程序代码publicclassthrowsExcept
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整 程序代码 publicclassthrowsEx
IcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotkn
如果RMP1上选择了VHF2那么.
RMP1上的SEL灯亮
RMP2上的SEL灯亮
RMPI和RMP2上的SEL都亮
所有RMP上的SEL灯都亮
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整 程序代码 publicclassthrowsEx
写出以下运算符代表的含义SEL
如果RMP3上选择了HF2那么.
RMP3上的SEL灯亮
RMP2和RMP3上的SEL灯都亮
RMP2上的SEL灯亮
所有RMP上的SEL灯都不亮
IcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotkn
莫斯科的三字代码是SEL
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整 程序代码 publicclassthrowsEx
SEL321保护装置与计算机间如何通信
如果RMP2上选择了HF1那么.
RMP1上的SEL灯亮
RMP2和RMP3上的SEL灯都亮
RMP2上的SEL灯亮
所有RMP上的SEL灯都不亮
SEL321保护装置定值如何修改
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整程序代码publicclassthrowsExcept
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整 程序代码 PublicclassthrowsEx
请阅读下列程序代码然后将程序的执行结果补充完整 程序代码 publicclassthrowsEx
IcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotkn
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{{*HTML*}}Ford??1Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess-notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningmenintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914.theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5.a.dayminimumwagescheme.thegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedaCriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuyCars.??A.Ford’sFollowers??B.TheAssesmblyLine??C.Ford’sGreatDrem??D.TheEstablishmentoftheCompany??E.Ford’sBiggestContribution??F.Ford’sGreatTalentParagraph4_________.
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Doctorswillmakemoretest-tubebabyexperiments.
It'stoughfindingajobthesedays.
Theiceisnotthickenoughtobeartheweightofatank.
{{*HTML*}}TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost1?Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60to70%water.Bloodismostlywaterandourmuscleslungsandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients滋养物totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcellsremoveswasteandprotectsourjointsandorgans.2?Welosewaterthroughurination排尿respiration呼吸andbysweating.Ifyouareveryactiveyoulosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.Symptomsofmilddehydration脱水includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscleslowerbackpainheadachesandconstipation便秘.Astrongsmelltoyoururinealongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenoughwater.Thirstisanobvioussignofdehydrationandinfactyouneedwaterlongbeforeyoufeelthirsty.3?Agoodruleofthumb好的做法istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces盎司ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexampleifyouweigh160poundsyoushoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcoholyoushouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater.Whenyouaretravelingonanairplaneitisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.4?’Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyouhavewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworkingtravelingorexercising.Ifyougetboredwithplainwateraddabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsofflavoredwateravailablebutsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyoudon’tneed.Paragraph2______
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Theideaoftest-tubebabiesisquiteamazing.
{{*HTML*}}Mergers??Themostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.?46???Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.?47?In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporationtherebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipeline.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.??Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.?48?TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.??Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhasnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.??Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin1969andthengraduallydeclined.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers?49???Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapplyonlytothosevaluedat$100millionormore.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatcloseto$80billionbetween1981and1984.?50???A.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.??B.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.??C.Otherindustriesexperiencinglargetakeoverswerebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralandprocessedfoods.??D.Fiercecompetitionontheinternationalmarketresultsincombinationsofsmallfirms.??E.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.??F.Amergeroccurswhentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany.
ProblemsofAnxiety Trainingasmental-healthprofessionalsissupposedtobe"colorblind".Thatsoundsfinebutinpracticeitmeansthatpeoplefromblackandethnicgroupsgetanunfairtreatmentbecausetheirparticularproblemsareseldomacknowledged. SoaprojectwaspilotedinvolvingBangladeshiwomenininner-cityLondonmostofwhommigratedtotheU.K.inthe1960sand1970sfromaruralbackground.Manyofthesewomenturnedtotheirdoctorswithcommonsymptomsofanxietysuchasheadachessleepingdifficultieslossofappetiteandlackofenergy.TheywereusuallyprescribedtranquillizersorevenVitaminC.Sincetheunderlyingcausesremainedthewomenvisitedtheirdoctorswithincreasingfrequencyandsomewerereferredontomental-healthprofessionals. ThepsychologistswantedtoseehownormalWesternapproachestoanxietyproblemsmightworkwhenappliedacrosscultures.Howevertheyfoundthatmanythingsinthestandardapproachhadtobechanged.Theyhadtotranslatemanyoftheusualexamplestheywouldnormallycomparelearningtorelaxwithlearningtodriveforinstancewhichwouldnothavebeenculturallyappropriate.Atfirsttheyaskedthewomentorateonascaleonetotentheeffectofrelaxationontheirlevelofanxiety.Theyfoundnumbersanoddwayofexpressinghowtheywerefeeling.Sopsychologistsshiftedtheirfocustowordsandtalkedoffivestagesform"verygood"to"verybad". Asitwasapilotprojecttherewereshortcomings.Psychologistslookedfortoolittleback-upanddidnotcollectasmuchobjectivedataastheymighthavedonewithawhitegroup.TheyfellintothewhitestereotypeofassumingthatBangladeshiwomenwouldfindtheuseofvariouschecklistsandwrittenrecordsforeign.Perhapsracismhasconditionedtheprofessionalstoagreaterextentthantheyexpected.PsychologistsfoundthatusingaWesternmodelacrosscultureshaspotential.Butitneedspoliticalfinancialandpersonalcommitment. TheBangladeshiwomencontinuedtovisittheirdoctorsbecause
{{*HTML*}}TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost1?Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60to70%water.Bloodismostlywaterandourmuscleslungsandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients滋养物totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcellsremoveswasteandprotectsourjointsandorgans.2?Welosewaterthroughurination排尿respiration呼吸andbysweating.Ifyouareveryactiveyoulosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.Symptomsofmilddehydration脱水includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscleslowerbackpainheadachesandconstipation便秘.Astrongsmelltoyoururinealongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenoughwater.Thirstisanobvioussignofdehydrationandinfactyouneedwaterlongbeforeyoufeelthirsty.3?Agoodruleofthumb好的做法istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces盎司ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexampleifyouweigh160poundsyoushoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcoholyoushouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater.Whenyouaretravelingonanairplaneitisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.4?’Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyouhavewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworkingtravelingorexercising.Ifyougetboredwithplainwateraddabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsofflavoredwateravailablebutsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyoudon’tneed.Paragraph4______
Laughter ThereisanoldsayinginEnglish:"Laughteristhebestmedicine".Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople’shealth. Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartratebloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartrateandtherateofbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial. Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroupwhichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins内啡肽inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalswhichdiminishbothstressandpain Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody’simmunesystemthatisthesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperimentonegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup-inotherwordsagroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirwhitebloodcellsthatisthecellswhichfightinfection. Asaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsandpsychiatrists精神病学家intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaughTheyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter. Thewriter’sattitudetowardslaughteris
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Itcostmuchtohaveatest-tubebaby.
{{*HTML*}}TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost1?Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60to70%water.Bloodismostlywaterandourmuscleslungsandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients滋养物totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcellsremoveswasteandprotectsourjointsandorgans.2?Welosewaterthroughurination排尿respiration呼吸andbysweating.Ifyouareveryactiveyoulosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.Symptomsofmilddehydration脱水includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscleslowerbackpainheadachesandconstipation便秘.Astrongsmelltoyoururinealongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenoughwater.Thirstisanobvioussignofdehydrationandinfactyouneedwaterlongbeforeyoufeelthirsty.3?Agoodruleofthumb好的做法istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces盎司ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexampleifyouweigh160poundsyoushoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcoholyoushouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater.Whenyouaretravelingonanairplaneitisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.4?’Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyouhavewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworkingtravelingorexercising.Ifyougetboredwithplainwateraddabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsofflavoredwateravailablebutsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyoudon’tneed.Dehydrationmayoccurifthereisashortageofwater______.
Laughter ThereisanoldsayinginEnglish:"Laughteristhebestmedicine".Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople’shealth. Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartratebloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartrateandtherateofbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial. Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroupwhichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins内啡肽inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalswhichdiminishbothstressandpain Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody’simmunesystemthatisthesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperimentonegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup-inotherwordsagroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirwhitebloodcellsthatisthecellswhichfightinfection. Asaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsandpsychiatrists精神病学家intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaughTheyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter. Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthatlaughter
Sheshowslittleregardforthefeelingsofothersanddoesexactlywhatshewantsto.
RegenerationofLimbs Mostpeoplewouldagreethatitwouldbewonderfulifhumanscouldregeneratelimbs.Thesewhohavelosttheirarmsorlegswouldbecompleteagain.Thedayisstillfaroffwhenthismighthappen.Butinthelast10yearsdoctorshavereportedregenerationinsmallerpartsofthebodymostoftenfingers. Regenerationisnotanewly-discoveredprocess.Forcenturiesscientistshaveseenitworkinsomekindsofanimals.Breakoffalizard’s蜥蜴的tailforexampleanditwillgrowanewtail.Scientistsnowarelookingforawaytoturnonthisexcitingabilityinmorehighly-developedanimalsincludinghumans.Theirexperimentsshowthatnervescellchemistryandthenaturalelectriccurrentsinthebodyallseemtohaveapartinthisprocess. Thebodyofeveryanimalcontainsgeneralpurposecellsthatchangeintowhateverkindofcellsthebodyneeds.Animalssuchasthelizardorsalamander蝾螈usethesecellstoregenerateanewtailorlegwhentheoldoneisbrokenoff.Thesecellscollectaroundthewound.Theyformamasscalledablastama胚基.Thecellsoftheblastemabegintochange.Somebecomebonecellssomemusclecellssomeskincells.Slowlyanewpartregrowsfromthebodyoutward.Whencompletedthenewpartisjustliketheoldone. Motethan200yearsagoItalianscientistLuigiSpallanzanishowedthatyoungeranimalshaveagreaterabilitytoregeneratelostpartsthanolderanimals.Sodoanimalslowerontheladderofevolutionarydevelopment.Themajordifferenceseemstobethatless-developedanimalshavemorenervesintheirtailsandlegsthanhumansdointheirarmsandlegs. Anotherhelpfulpieceofinformationwasdiscoveredinthelate1600s.Scientistsfoundthatwhenacreatureisinjuredanelectricalcurrentflowsaroundthewound.Thestrengthofthecurrentdependsonhowseverethewoundisandonhowmuchnervetissueispresent. In1945AmericanscientistMerylRosetestedanotherideaaboutregeneration.Hethoughtanewlimbmightgrowonlyfromanopenwound.DoctorRosecutoffthefrontlegsofsomefrogsbelowtheknee.Hekeptthewoundswetwithastrongsaltyliquid.Thispreventedskinfromgrowingoverthewounds.Theresultsweresurprising.Frogsdonotregeneratenewlegsnaturally.Butthesefrogsbegantogrownewlimbs.Abouthalfofeachcut-offleggrewbackagain.Newbonesandmusclesdeveloped. Thisresearchhasleddoctorstonewwaysoftreatingcut-offfingers.Doctorshaveobservedforexamplethatmanychildrenandsomeadultswillregrowthetopofafingerifthewoundisleftopen. Whatkindofanimalhasagreaterabilitytoregeneratealostpart
Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemoral/legalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalaboratory.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnant怀孕的yourselfonethingiscertain:Youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.ArethesepregnanciesnormalArethebabiesnormal TheearliestanswerscomefromAustraliawhereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCenterinMelbournehavetakenalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtoplanbutatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnedouttobegirls.SixofthenineweredeliveredbyCaesareansection剖腹产术.Andonebabyatwinwasbornwithaseriousheartdefectandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominal腹剖的problems. WhatdoesitallmeanEventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishighbutuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidence巧合orsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60000birthsinthatpartofAustraliabutthefactthatitoccurredinoneoutofninetest-tubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyareatspecialrisk.OnethingthedoctorscanexplainisthehighnumberofCaesareans. TheAustralianresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress--eventhetwinwiththebirthdefects. Doctorsaresurethatmoretest-tubebabiesaregirlsthanboys.
ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack Germanresearchershave1anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedatofferingheartpatientsgreaterprotection2suddendeathfromcardiacarrest. InGermanyalonearound100000peopledieannuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases3bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatientswhohave4sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseofdefibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing5disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallybyinterveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices6arangeoffunctionssuchasthatofpacemaker. HeartspecialistsatFreiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanteddefibrillator7ofgeneratingasix-channelelectrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearlydiagnosisof8blood-flowproblemsandapendingheartattack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear.MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsinKaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluationofECGdata9. Theoverwhelming10ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanteddefibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs."Manyofthecurrentprogramsonly11intoaccountalinearcorrelationofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse12anon-linearprocessthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplexsystem."HagenKnafsays."13changesintheheartbeatsovertimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakenintoaccount."AnoldstudyofECGdatabased14600Patientswhohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocomparerisksandtoshow15thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedataconsiderablybetter. 2
{{*HTML*}}TheDrinkYourBodyNeedsMost1?Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60to70%water.Bloodismostlywaterandourmuscleslungsandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatebodytemperatureandtoprovidethemeansfornutrients滋养物totraveltoallourorgans.Wateralsotransportsoxygentoourcellsremoveswasteandprotectsourjointsandorgans.2?Welosewaterthroughurination排尿respiration呼吸andbysweating.Ifyouareveryactiveyoulosemorewaterthanifyoudonottakemuchexercise.Symptomsofmilddehydration脱水includechronicpainsinjointsandmuscleslowerbackpainheadachesandconstipation便秘.Astrongsmelltoyoururinealongwithayellowcolorindicatesthatyouarenotgettingenoughwater.Thirstisanobvioussignofdehydrationandinfactyouneedwaterlongbeforeyoufeelthirsty.3?Agoodruleofthumb好的做法istotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofounces盎司ofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexampleifyouweigh160poundsyoushoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexerciseyoushoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.Ifyoudrinkcoffeeoralcoholyoushouldaddatleastanequalamountofwater.Whenyouaretravelingonanairplaneitisgoodtohave8ouncesofwaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.4?’Itmaybedifficulttodrinkenoughwateronabusyday.Besureyouhavewaterhandyatalltimesbykeepingabottleforwaterwithyouwhenyouareworkingtravelingorexercising.Ifyougetboredwithplainwateraddabitoflemonforatouchofflavor.Therearesomebrandsofflavoredwateravailablebutsomeofthemhavesugarorartificialsweetenersthatyoudon’tneed.Don’tforgettodrinkenoughwatereven______.
Ittookmeawholehourtosolvetheproblem.
ProblemsofAnxiety Trainingasmental-healthprofessionalsissupposedtobe"colorblind".Thatsoundsfinebutinpracticeitmeansthatpeoplefromblackandethnicgroupsgetanunfairtreatmentbecausetheirparticularproblemsareseldomacknowledged. SoaprojectwaspilotedinvolvingBangladeshiwomenininner-cityLondonmostofwhommigratedtotheU.K.inthe1960sand1970sfromaruralbackground.Manyofthesewomenturnedtotheirdoctorswithcommonsymptomsofanxietysuchasheadachessleepingdifficultieslossofappetiteandlackofenergy.TheywereusuallyprescribedtranquillizersorevenVitaminC.Sincetheunderlyingcausesremainedthewomenvisitedtheirdoctorswithincreasingfrequencyandsomewerereferredontomental-healthprofessionals. ThepsychologistswantedtoseehownormalWesternapproachestoanxietyproblemsmightworkwhenappliedacrosscultures.Howevertheyfoundthatmanythingsinthestandardapproachhadtobechanged.Theyhadtotranslatemanyoftheusualexamplestheywouldnormallycomparelearningtorelaxwithlearningtodriveforinstancewhichwouldnothavebeenculturallyappropriate.Atfirsttheyaskedthewomentorateonascaleonetotentheeffectofrelaxationontheirlevelofanxiety.Theyfoundnumbersanoddwayofexpressinghowtheywerefeeling.Sopsychologistsshiftedtheirfocustowordsandtalkedoffivestagesform"verygood"to"verybad". Asitwasapilotprojecttherewereshortcomings.Psychologistslookedfortoolittleback-upanddidnotcollectasmuchobjectivedataastheymighthavedonewithawhitegroup.TheyfellintothewhitestereotypeofassumingthatBangladeshiwomenwouldfindtheuseofvariouschecklistsandwrittenrecordsforeign.Perhapsracismhasconditionedtheprofessionalstoagreaterextentthantheyexpected.PsychologistsfoundthatusingaWesternmodelacrosscultureshaspotential.Butitneedspoliticalfinancialandpersonalcommitment. Whathasledtothefailureofthemental-healthprofessionals’collectingsufficientdata
Wehavetoaskthemtoquittalkinginorderthatallpeoplepresentcouldhearusclearly.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess-notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningmenintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914.theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5.a.dayminimumwagescheme.thegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedaCriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuyCars.??A.Ford’sFollowers??B.TheAssesmblyLine??C.Ford’sGreatDrem??D.TheEstablishmentoftheCompany??E.Ford’sBiggestContribution??F.Ford’sGreatTalentParagraph2_________.
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 13
{{*HTML*}}Mergers??Themostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.?46???Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.?47?In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporationtherebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipeline.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.??Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.?48?TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.??Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhasnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.??Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin1969andthengraduallydeclined.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers?49???Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapplyonlytothosevaluedat$100millionormore.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatcloseto$80billionbetween1981and1984.?50???A.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.??B.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.??C.Otherindustriesexperiencinglargetakeoverswerebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralandprocessedfoods.??D.Fiercecompetitionontheinternationalmarketresultsincombinationsofsmallfirms.??E.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.??F.Amergeroccurswhentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany.
RegenerationofLimbs Mostpeoplewouldagreethatitwouldbewonderfulifhumanscouldregeneratelimbs.Thesewhohavelosttheirarmsorlegswouldbecompleteagain.Thedayisstillfaroffwhenthismighthappen.Butinthelast10yearsdoctorshavereportedregenerationinsmallerpartsofthebodymostoftenfingers. Regenerationisnotanewly-discoveredprocess.Forcenturiesscientistshaveseenitworkinsomekindsofanimals.Breakoffalizard’s蜥蜴的tailforexampleanditwillgrowanewtail.Scientistsnowarelookingforawaytoturnonthisexcitingabilityinmorehighly-developedanimalsincludinghumans.Theirexperimentsshowthatnervescellchemistryandthenaturalelectriccurrentsinthebodyallseemtohaveapartinthisprocess. Thebodyofeveryanimalcontainsgeneralpurposecellsthatchangeintowhateverkindofcellsthebodyneeds.Animalssuchasthelizardorsalamander蝾螈usethesecellstoregenerateanewtailorlegwhentheoldoneisbrokenoff.Thesecellscollectaroundthewound.Theyformamasscalledablastama胚基.Thecellsoftheblastemabegintochange.Somebecomebonecellssomemusclecellssomeskincells.Slowlyanewpartregrowsfromthebodyoutward.Whencompletedthenewpartisjustliketheoldone. Motethan200yearsagoItalianscientistLuigiSpallanzanishowedthatyoungeranimalshaveagreaterabilitytoregeneratelostpartsthanolderanimals.Sodoanimalslowerontheladderofevolutionarydevelopment.Themajordifferenceseemstobethatless-developedanimalshavemorenervesintheirtailsandlegsthanhumansdointheirarmsandlegs. Anotherhelpfulpieceofinformationwasdiscoveredinthelate1600s.Scientistsfoundthatwhenacreatureisinjuredanelectricalcurrentflowsaroundthewound.Thestrengthofthecurrentdependsonhowseverethewoundisandonhowmuchnervetissueispresent. In1945AmericanscientistMerylRosetestedanotherideaaboutregeneration.Hethoughtanewlimbmightgrowonlyfromanopenwound.DoctorRosecutoffthefrontlegsofsomefrogsbelowtheknee.Hekeptthewoundswetwithastrongsaltyliquid.Thispreventedskinfromgrowingoverthewounds.Theresultsweresurprising.Frogsdonotregeneratenewlegsnaturally.Butthesefrogsbegantogrownewlimbs.Abouthalfofeachcut-offleggrewbackagain.Newbonesandmusclesdeveloped. Thisresearchhasleddoctorstonewwaysoftreatingcut-offfingers.Doctorshaveobservedforexamplethatmanychildrenandsomeadultswillregrowthetopofafingerifthewoundisleftopen. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue
LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears A.hundredyearsagolifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly2lstcenturymenintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74womentoabout80andthese1arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought2thesechangesWhenwelookatthelife3ofpeople100yearsagoweneedtolookatthegreatest4ofthetime.Intheearly20thcenturytheseweretheacuteandoften5infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothersandtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk. Inthe6worldthesediseasesarefar7todayandinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof8haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygienethediscoveryanduseofantibioticswhich9bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerousandvaccinations10commondiseases.11people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerairbettermeansofpreservingfoodbetterandwarmerhousingandbetterunderstandingofnutrition. Geneticallyweshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but12peopledolivelongertodaytherearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnessessuchasheartdiseaseandstrokesandthose13byvirusessuchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcoursecancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect14peoplebutthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity15moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages. Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases"whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress. 15
Laughter ThereisanoldsayinginEnglish:"Laughteristhebestmedicine".Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople’shealth. Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartratebloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartrateandtherateofbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial. Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroupwhichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins内啡肽inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalswhichdiminishbothstressandpain Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody’simmunesystemthatisthesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperimentonegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup-inotherwordsagroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirwhitebloodcellsthatisthecellswhichfightinfection. Asaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsandpsychiatrists精神病学家intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaughTheyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoflaughteraccordingtothepassage
Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything
Herbalmedicine草药canbeusedtocuresleeplessness.
{{*HTML*}}Mergers??Themostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.?46???Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.?47?In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporationtherebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipeline.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.??Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.?48?TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.??Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhasnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.??Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin1969andthengraduallydeclined.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers?49???Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapplyonlytothosevaluedat$100millionormore.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatcloseto$80billionbetween1981and1984.?50???A.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.??B.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.??C.Otherindustriesexperiencinglargetakeoverswerebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralandprocessedfoods.??D.Fiercecompetitionontheinternationalmarketresultsincombinationsofsmallfirms.??E.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard＆Company.??F.Amergeroccurswhentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany.
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