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第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa________.
第三篇Alaska In1959AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstatesymbolizingachangeofattitudefromthatheldin1867whenthepeninsula半岛waspurchasedfromRussia.ThenmostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1500000squarekilometersoficebergsandpolarbears一beyondCanada’swesternbordersfarfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates. InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircleAlaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbears.Icemasseslieburiedintheearth.FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugustthemidnightsunneversetsonthisflattreelessregionbutthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown. AlaskaisAmerica’slargeststatebutonlyabout325000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates800000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640000hectaresarebeingcultivated. ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberiaprobablycrossingBeringStraitnamedforVitusBeringtheDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestate’searliestknowninhabitants.RussianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbutbythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStatesmostofthetradershaddeparted. In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskanborder.ThousandsofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagainalthougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheUSmainlandandwithinthestateeverytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengersmailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages. ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonendedandalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliteraturethegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskanwaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreamsandvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishingthestate’schiefindustryislumberandtheproductionofwoodpulp.InrecentyearsAlaska’ssinglemostimportantresourcehasbecomeoil.Thestatealsohaslargedepositsofcoalcoppergoldandotherminerals. WhattransportationdeviceiswidelyusedinAlaska?
Heledavery{{U}}moral{{/U}}life.
第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailerandthemanbehinditisIngvarKampradoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachildheenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatchesseedsandpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA. TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodernminimalistfurniture1butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.RatherIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad’swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2includingwatchespensandstockings. IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad’shome.InitialsaleswereveryencouragingsoKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951. In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhultSweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettingsbutintheearly1950speopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture. In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.TheproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselvesbutovertimeeventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.NowadaysIKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompanyleadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion. Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.AmazinglyIngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld’srichestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitselfthoughjustkeepsongrowing. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIKEA’sfutureaccordingtothelastparagraph?
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. SomeDutchengineersareexperiencedinreclaiminglandfromthesea.
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. TheworldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalmJumeirah.
第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailerandthemanbehinditisIngvarKampradoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachildheenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatchesseedsandpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA. TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodernminimalistfurniture1butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.RatherIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad’swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2includingwatchespensandstockings. IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad’shome.InitialsaleswereveryencouragingsoKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951. In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhultSweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettingsbutintheearly1950speopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture. In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.TheproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselvesbutovertimeeventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.NowadaysIKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompanyleadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion. Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.AmazinglyIngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld’srichestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitselfthoughjustkeepsongrowing. TheauthorstatesinParagraph5thatflatpackaging
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WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. TheworldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalmJumeirah.
HisknowledgeofFrenchis{{U}}fair{{/U}}.
第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. RocksforbuildingthebreakwaterweretakenfromtheWorldofIslands.
TheMostWonderfulIslands ThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubaiintheUnitedArabEmiratesonwhichmajorcommercialandresidentialinfrastructurewillbeconstructed.Theyarebeingdevelopedastouristleisureandresidentialresortsandwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometres. Afterfouryearsofplanningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissuesconstructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocesstheislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinplaceresultinginalargecrescent月状的structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea. Thefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frondsorleavescomingoffthetrunk.ThefirstislandnamedPalmJumeirahhasthreefive-starhotelsinthetrunkandluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004theywereallsoldwithinthreedays. ThesecondpalmJebelAliwasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas小游艇船坞areplannedwithawaterthemeparkandhomebuiltonstilts桩柱inthewater. ThePalmDeiraisplannedtobethelargestofthethreeislandswithalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5kmanarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialpropertiesmarinasshoppingmallssportsfacilitiesandclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists. MoreartificialislandstheWorldIslandsarenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestatesprivatehomescommunityislandsandresorts. Unquestionablytheseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion. ThewaterthemeparkinJebelAliwillattractmoretourists.
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第三篇Alaska In1959AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstatesymbolizingachangeofattitudefromthatheldin1867whenthepeninsula半岛waspurchasedfromRussia.ThenmostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1500000squarekilometersoficebergsandpolarbears一beyondCanada’swesternbordersfarfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates. InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircleAlaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbears.Icemasseslieburiedintheearth.FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugustthemidnightsunneversetsonthisflattreelessregionbutthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown. AlaskaisAmerica’slargeststatebutonlyabout325000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates800000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640000hectaresarebeingcultivated. ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberiaprobablycrossingBeringStraitnamedforVitusBeringtheDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestate’searliestknowninhabitants.RussianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbutbythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStatesmostofthetradershaddeparted. In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskanborder.ThousandsofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagainalthougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheUSmainlandandwithinthestateeverytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengersmailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages. ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonendedandalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliteraturethegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskanwaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreamsandvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishingthestate’schiefindustryislumberandtheproductionofwoodpulp.InrecentyearsAlaska’ssinglemostimportantresourcehasbecomeoil.Thestatealsohaslargedepositsofcoalcoppergoldandotherminerals. WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutAlaska?
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. Gardnerbelievesthat________.
第一篇TakingPicturesoftheWorld AnnieGriffithsBeltisaNationalGeographicphotographer.ShehasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.InfactAntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn’tseenyet. Belt’sphotographsarewellknownfortheirbeautyandhighquality.Theyalsoreflectverydifferentculturesandregionsoftheworld.BelthasphotographedtheancientcityofPetraJordanaswellasthegreenlandscapesoftheLakeDistrictinEngland.RecentlyherpicturesappearedinabookaboutundevelopednaturalplacesinNorthAmerica. EverywherethatBeltgoesshetakespicturesofpeople.Belthasfoundwaystoconnectwithpeopleofallagesandnationalitiesevenwhenshedoesnotspeaktheirlanguage.Thegreatestprivilegeofmyjobisbeingallowedintopeople’slivesshehassaid.ThecameraislikeapassportandIamoftenoverwhelmed激动得不知所措byhowquicklypeoplewelcomeme! KnowinghowtobreaktheicehashelpedtomakeBeltasuccessfulphotographerbutexpertssaythatanyonecanlearntoconnectwithnewpeople.Whenpeoplespeakthesamelanguagegreetingsandsmalltalkcanmakestrangersfeelmorecomfortablewitheachother.Whenpeopledon’tspeakthesamelanguageasmileisveryhelpful.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.ForexampleBelthastraveledwithhertwochildrensowhenshetakespicturesofchildrentheyallhavethatfamilyconnectionincommon.Evenbadweathercanhelppeopletoconnectwhentheyareexperiencingittogether. Belthassomeadviceifyouarethinkingaboutacareerinphotography.Youcanvolunteertotakepicturesforalocalorganizationthatcan’taffordtohireaprofessionalphotographer.Youcanalsotakeagoodhonestlookatyourbestphotographs.Ifyou’rearealphotographeryourphotosaregoodbecauseofyourpersonalandtechnicalskills.Beltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenbyprofessionalphotographers. RememberthenexttimeyoulookatabeautifulphotographyoumightbelookingattheworkofAnnieGriffithsBelt.Andthenexttimeyoumeetanewpersondon’tbeafraidtobreaktheice.Theconnectionyoumakecouldbeveryrewarding. Inthefourthparagraphtheauthormainlydiscusseshowto
Itwasamagicnightuntilthe{{U}}spell{{/U}}wasbroken.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
Themajorityofpeoplearoundhereare{{U}}decent{{/U}}.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
WhatWeTakefromandGivetotheSea Aslongaswehavebeenonearthwehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheoceanandwegivetoit. Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffisheveryyearto___________51millionsofpeople.Weeven__________52theirbonesforfertilizer.Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltisto__________53seawaterinshallowbasinandleaveuntilitevaporates蒸发.Alongwithsaltothermineralsareleft__________54evaporation.Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersoftheseatoo.Buttheseadoesnotgivethem__________55bysimpleevaporation.__________56giftsfromtheseaarepearlssponges海绵andseaweed.Pearls__________57jewelry.Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.Seaweedbecomes__________58ofmanykinds-evencandyandicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornotfreshwaterisanother__________59fromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.Someofitscontentsmay__________60illness.Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsare__________61.Inthefuturewewillfindourselves__________62moreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea. Thesea__________63usfoodfertilizermineralswaterandothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?Garbage.Wepollutetheocean__________64weuseitasagarbagedump.Hugeasitistheoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.__________65garbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife.Yetastheworldpopulationgrowswemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsorethanever.
Thecommitteewasaskedto{{U}}render{{/U}}areportonthehousingsituation.
第一篇TakingPicturesoftheWorld AnnieGriffithsBeltisaNationalGeographicphotographer.ShehasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.InfactAntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn’tseenyet. Belt’sphotographsarewellknownfortheirbeautyandhighquality.Theyalsoreflectverydifferentculturesandregionsoftheworld.BelthasphotographedtheancientcityofPetraJordanaswellasthegreenlandscapesoftheLakeDistrictinEngland.RecentlyherpicturesappearedinabookaboutundevelopednaturalplacesinNorthAmerica. EverywherethatBeltgoesshetakespicturesofpeople.Belthasfoundwaystoconnectwithpeopleofallagesandnationalitiesevenwhenshedoesnotspeaktheirlanguage.Thegreatestprivilegeofmyjobisbeingallowedintopeople’slivesshehassaid.ThecameraislikeapassportandIamoftenoverwhelmed激动得不知所措byhowquicklypeoplewelcomeme! KnowinghowtobreaktheicehashelpedtomakeBeltasuccessfulphotographerbutexpertssaythatanyonecanlearntoconnectwithnewpeople.Whenpeoplespeakthesamelanguagegreetingsandsmalltalkcanmakestrangersfeelmorecomfortablewitheachother.Whenpeopledon’tspeakthesamelanguageasmileisveryhelpful.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.ForexampleBelthastraveledwithhertwochildrensowhenshetakespicturesofchildrentheyallhavethatfamilyconnectionincommon.Evenbadweathercanhelppeopletoconnectwhentheyareexperiencingittogether. Belthassomeadviceifyouarethinkingaboutacareerinphotography.Youcanvolunteertotakepicturesforalocalorganizationthatcan’taffordtohireaprofessionalphotographer.Youcanalsotakeagoodhonestlookatyourbestphotographs.Ifyou’rearealphotographeryourphotosaregoodbecauseofyourpersonalandtechnicalskills.Beltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenbyprofessionalphotographers. RememberthenexttimeyoulookatabeautifulphotographyoumightbelookingattheworkofAnnieGriffithsBelt.Andthenexttimeyoumeetanewpersondon’tbeafraidtobreaktheice.Theconnectionyoumakecouldbeveryrewarding. ThewordprivilegeinParagraph3means
第二篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences Itpaystobesmartbutwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusicianbutyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent. Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences. SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwordsnumbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptestsandwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetestdothesameonalltests. Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain. HowardGardnerapsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducationhasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexistshedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences. Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.ForexamplewhenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.Sothereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguisticmathematicalspatialmusicalinterpersonalintrapersonalbody-kinesthetic身体动觉的andnaturalistic. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Paragraph 4______

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