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第三篇 Alaska In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the...
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SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.
SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee? Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealththey’reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?Howevercoffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherwaystoo. Traditionallycoffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy树冠oftallerindigenous土生土长的trees.HowevermoreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirstthisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits. Unfortunatelydeforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocalwildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators捕食者inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere. Furthermoreinthelongtermthefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplantbutthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswellandcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink. FortunatelyfarmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsasshadegrownandbirdfriendly.Surethesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe’repayingforthehealthofthebirdsthelandourselvesandtheplanet.Ithinkit’sworthit.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?
InterviewwithAllanGray1Iwasworkingforamultinationalcompanyintheearly1980sandmybrotheraskedmeifIwasinterestedingoingintopartnershipwithhimtosetupalanguageschool.I’dalwayswantedtoworkformyselfandIwasabitfedupwithworkingforsomeoneelsesoIsaidyes.PrimarilyIwantedthefreedomtomakemyowndecisionsIwantedroomtobecreativeandalsoIwantedtobeabletogetthecreditandkeeptheprofitsifweweresuccessful.Iwasalsohappytocarrythecanandtaketheblameifthingswentwrong.Thesethingarenotpossibleifyouworkasanemployeeinalargeorganization.2Ihadtoborrowmoneytohelpstartthebusinessbutwewereluckybecausewealsohadsomeoutsidecapitaltoputintothebusiness.Thesedaysitcanbereallyhardtopersuadebankstolendmoneytopeoplewhowanttostartacompanysowewerefortunate.Itwasfairlyeasytosetupthebusinessbecausewehadaveryclearideaofwhatwewantedtodo.Theproblemwasallourpreconceptions预想aboutwhatitwouldbeliketorunabusinesswerewrong.Wemadelotsofmistakesandwealmostwentbankrupt破产的atthebeginning.Atonepointweonlyhadtwostudentsintheschool.3Fartoolong!WelostmoneyforthefirstfouryearsandasIwassayingwenearlywentoutofbusiness.Ittookquitealongtimetostartmakingprofit.Thebestthingwedidthoughwasthatwehiredsomereallygoodpeopletoworkforus.Infactsomeofthosepeoplearestillworkingforus24yearslater.Nowwe’redoingwellbutitwasveryriskyatfirst.4Oneisfinancialconstraint约束.Itcanbeverytough.Thinkallsmallbusinesseshavecashflowproblems—itoftentakesalongtimetogetpaidbyyourcustomers.Thesecondbigproblemismarketing.Ittakesalotoffundstomarketyourbusinessandyouhavetogetyournameknownandbuildareputation.Butthebiggestchallengeismanagingthepeople.Allbusinessesareaboutpeopleandyouhavetolearnhowtodealwithallkindsofpeople—andIthinkwe’vebeenextremelygoodatgettingthebestofourstaff. Besidesfinancialandmarketingchallengesyoumustknowhow
SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee? Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealththey’reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?Howevercoffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherwaystoo. Traditionallycoffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy树冠oftallerindigenous土生土长的trees.HowevermoreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirstthisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits. Unfortunatelydeforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocalwildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators捕食者inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere. Furthermoreinthelongtermthefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplantbutthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswellandcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink. FortunatelyfarmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsasshadegrownandbirdfriendly.Surethesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe’repayingforthehealthofthebirdsthelandourselvesandtheplanet.Ithinkit’sworthit.ThefunctionofthewordTraditionallyinParagraph2istoshow_____.
Theweatherlastsummerwasawful.
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlement AwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesunsewingaddressformanimalskinInsideabuildingacolonistismakingawoodenchairusingverysimpletools.Thisisallaroundtouristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital数码的cameras.ThisisJamestownsettlementtoday. JamestownVirginiawasoneofthefirstplaceinthewordwherepeopleformEuropeAmericanandAfricacametogetherin1608.Todayitisalivinghistorymuseumwherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseumactorswearclothesandadultsformthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactoralsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo. Atalivinghistorymuseumtherearealwaysmanythingstotouchhearandsmell.VisitorsatJamestownsettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist’sbed!Thecolonistsstayedonthecroweddangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallaroundit.Intoday’sfort堡垒youcanseehousesachurchandevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomesandvisitorcanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking. ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownsettlementanditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery陶器andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndiaboatformatree! TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopularespeciallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefunbutalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.Atalivinghistorymuseumvisitorscannottouchanyofthethingsondisplay.
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlement AwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesunsewingaddressformanimalskinInsideabuildingacolonistismakingawoodenchairusingverysimpletools.Thisisallaroundtouristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital数码的cameras.ThisisJamestownsettlementtoday. JamestownVirginiawasoneofthefirstplaceinthewordwherepeopleformEuropeAmericanandAfricacametogetherin1608.Todayitisalivinghistorymuseumwherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseumactorswearclothesandadultsformthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactoralsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo. Atalivinghistorymuseumtherearealwaysmanythingstotouchhearandsmell.VisitorsatJamestownsettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist’sbed!Thecolonistsstayedonthecroweddangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallaroundit.Intoday’sfort堡垒youcanseehousesachurchandevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomesandvisitorcanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking. ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownsettlementanditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery陶器andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndiaboatformatree! TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopularespeciallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefunbutalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.ChildrenandfamiliesenjoyplayIndiangames.
InterviewwithAllanGray1Iwasworkingforamultinationalcompanyintheearly1980sandmybrotheraskedmeifIwasinterestedingoingintopartnershipwithhimtosetupalanguageschool.I’dalwayswantedtoworkformyselfandIwasabitfedupwithworkingforsomeoneelsesoIsaidyes.PrimarilyIwantedthefreedomtomakemyowndecisionsIwantedroomtobecreativeandalsoIwantedtobeabletogetthecreditandkeeptheprofitsifweweresuccessful.Iwasalsohappytocarrythecanandtaketheblameifthingswentwrong.Thesethingarenotpossibleifyouworkasanemployeeinalargeorganization.2Ihadtoborrowmoneytohelpstartthebusinessbutwewereluckybecausewealsohadsomeoutsidecapitaltoputintothebusiness.Thesedaysitcanbereallyhardtopersuadebankstolendmoneytopeoplewhowanttostartacompanysowewerefortunate.Itwasfairlyeasytosetupthebusinessbecausewehadaveryclearideaofwhatwewantedtodo.Theproblemwasallourpreconceptions预想aboutwhatitwouldbeliketorunabusinesswerewrong.Wemadelotsofmistakesandwealmostwentbankrupt破产的atthebeginning.Atonepointweonlyhadtwostudentsintheschool.3Fartoolong!WelostmoneyforthefirstfouryearsandasIwassayingwenearlywentoutofbusiness.Ittookquitealongtimetostartmakingprofit.Thebestthingwedidthoughwasthatwehiredsomereallygoodpeopletoworkforus.Infactsomeofthosepeoplearestillworkingforus24yearslater.Nowwe’redoingwellbutitwasveryriskyatfirst.4Oneisfinancialconstraint约束.Itcanbeverytough.Thinkallsmallbusinesseshavecashflowproblems—itoftentakesalongtimetogetpaidbyyourcustomers.Thesecondbigproblemismarketing.Ittakesalotoffundstomarketyourbusinessandyouhavetogetyournameknownandbuildareputation.Butthebiggestchallengeismanagingthepeople.Allbusinessesareaboutpeopleandyouhavetolearnhowtodealwithallkindsofpeople—andIthinkwe’vebeenextremelygoodatgettingthebestofourstaff. Thedifficultthingtostartabusinessistopersuadebanks
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlement AwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesunsewingaddressformanimalskinInsideabuildingacolonistismakingawoodenchairusingverysimpletools.Thisisallaroundtouristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital数码的cameras.ThisisJamestownsettlementtoday. JamestownVirginiawasoneofthefirstplaceinthewordwherepeopleformEuropeAmericanandAfricacametogetherin1608.Todayitisalivinghistorymuseumwherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseumactorswearclothesandadultsformthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactoralsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo. Atalivinghistorymuseumtherearealwaysmanythingstotouchhearandsmell.VisitorsatJamestownsettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist’sbed!Thecolonistsstayedonthecroweddangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallaroundit.Intoday’sfort堡垒youcanseehousesachurchandevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomesandvisitorcanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking. ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownsettlementanditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery陶器andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndiaboatformatree! TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopularespeciallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefunbutalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.TouristsliketotakepicturesinJamestownSettlementtoday.
TheValueoftears Tearscanruinmake-upbringconversationtoastopandgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.Howevercryingisafactoflifeandtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcryingyoureyesproducetears.Thesecreateafilmovertheeye’ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection. Tearsrelievestressbutwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrolthey’llnevergetitback.explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.Aschildrenweweresometimespunishedforsheddingtearsorexpressinganger.Asadultswestillfeartheconsequencesofshowingemotions. Almostanyemotion—goodorbadhappyorsad—cancausetears.Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely. Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressedhowevertheycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshockangerfearorgriefbuttheyrepress抑制theemotion.Everyonehastheneedtocrysayspsychotherapist精神治疗师VeraDiamond.Sometimesintherapysessionspatientsparticipateincryingexercises.Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.Diamondsaysit’sbesttocryinsafeprivateplaceslikeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.That’sbecausemanypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.Infacttheymayberepressingtheirownneedtocry. Incertainsituationssuchasatworktearsarenotappropriate.It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoorsdon’tjustcryDiamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Andsheaddsonceourtearshavereleasedthestressyoucanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealproblem. Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.Cryingisusefulinthatit_____
IamgoingasafavortoAnnbecauseIhaveto.
AcrosstheDesert TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafromSenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayit’sveryhotandatnightit’ssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara. In2006KevinLinRayZahabandCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingverydifficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert—4300miles6920km.Itseemedimpossibletodobuttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselvesandthiswouldbeaverybigtest. OnthemorningofNovember2KevinRayandCharliestartedtheirtripacrosstheSahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:00.At11amtheystoppedandresteduntil5pm.Thentheyranagainuntil9:30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles64km.Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.TheylistenedtomusicontheiriPodsandtheyranandran. KevinRayandCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneedabout2000caloriesoffoodeachday.KevinRayandCharlieneededbetween6000and9000calorieseveryday.That’salotoffood!Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater. Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtripandmanytimestheywantedtoquitandgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot140℉/60℃duringthedayandtheheatmadethemsick.theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindyandtheycouldn’tsee.Onetimetheygotlost.Buttheydidn’tquit.After111daysKevinRayandCharliesuccessfullyfinishedtheirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.TheyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsinthewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.KevinRayandCharlie_____
AcrosstheDesert TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafromSenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayit’sveryhotandatnightit’ssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara. In2006KevinLinRayZahabandCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingverydifficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert—4300miles6920km.Itseemedimpossibletodobuttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselvesandthiswouldbeaverybigtest. OnthemorningofNovember2KevinRayandCharliestartedtheirtripacrosstheSahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:00.At11amtheystoppedandresteduntil5pm.Thentheyranagainuntil9:30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles64km.Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.TheylistenedtomusicontheiriPodsandtheyranandran. KevinRayandCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneedabout2000caloriesoffoodeachday.KevinRayandCharlieneededbetween6000and9000calorieseveryday.That’salotoffood!Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater. Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtripandmanytimestheywantedtoquitandgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot140℉/60℃duringthedayandtheheatmadethemsick.theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindyandtheycouldn’tsee.Onetimetheygotlost.Buttheydidn’tquit.After111daysKevinRayandCharliesuccessfullyfinishedtheirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.TheyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsinthewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.TheSaharaDesertisnotfitforpeopletoliveinbecauseofits_____
AcrosstheDesert TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItstretchesacrossAfricafromSenegaltoEgypt.TheSaharaDesertisanunfriendlyenvironment.Duringthedayit’sveryhotandatnightit’ssometimesverycold.ItisalsodifficulttofindwaterintheSahara. In2006KevinLinRayZahabandCharlieEngledecidedtodosomethingverydifficult.TheymadethedecisiontorunacrosstheSaharaDesert—4300miles6920km.Itseemedimpossibletodobuttheywantedtotry.Thethreemenlikedtotestthemselvesandthiswouldbeaverybigtest. OnthemorningofNovember2KevinRayandCharliestartedtheirtripacrosstheSahara.Everymorningtheybeganrunningat5:00.At11amtheystoppedandresteduntil5pm.Thentheyranagainuntil9:30intheevening.Eachdaytheyranabout40miles64km.Everydayitwasthesamething.Theygotupandran.TheylistenedtomusicontheiriPodsandtheyranandran. KevinRayandCharlieneededtoeatalotoffoodduringtheirtrip.Mostpeopleneedabout2000caloriesoffoodeachday.KevinRayandCharlieneededbetween6000and9000calorieseveryday.That’salotoffood!Theyalsoneededtodrinkalotofwater. Thethreemenhadsomeproblemsontheirtripandmanytimestheywantedtoquitandgohome.Itwasoftenveryhot140℉/60℃duringthedayandtheheatmadethemsick.theirlegsandfeethurt.Sometimesitwasverywindyandtheycouldn’tsee.Onetimetheygotlost.Buttheydidn’tquit.After111daysKevinRayandCharliesuccessfullyfinishedtheirtripacrosstheSaharaDesert.TheyhuggedeachotherandputtheirhandsinthewateroftheRedSea.Thentheyrantoahoteltotakealongshower.What’sthereasonforthesuccessoftheirtrip?
SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlement AwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesunsewingaddressformanimalskinInsideabuildingacolonistismakingawoodenchairusingverysimpletools.Thisisallaroundtouristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital数码的cameras.ThisisJamestownsettlementtoday. JamestownVirginiawasoneofthefirstplaceinthewordwherepeopleformEuropeAmericanandAfricacametogetherin1608.Todayitisalivinghistorymuseumwherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseumactorswearclothesandadultsformthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactoralsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo. Atalivinghistorymuseumtherearealwaysmanythingstotouchhearandsmell.VisitorsatJamestownsettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist’sbed!Thecolonistsstayedonthecroweddangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallaroundit.Intoday’sfort堡垒youcanseehousesachurchandevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomesandvisitorcanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking. ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownsettlementanditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery陶器andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndiaboatformatree! TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopularespeciallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefunbutalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.Theactorsworkingatthemuseumexplainwhattheydotothevisitors.
MypianoplayinghasimprovedsignificantlysinceIhadanewteacher.
InterviewwithAllanGray1Iwasworkingforamultinationalcompanyintheearly1980sandmybrotheraskedmeifIwasinterestedingoingintopartnershipwithhimtosetupalanguageschool.I’dalwayswantedtoworkformyselfandIwasabitfedupwithworkingforsomeoneelsesoIsaidyes.PrimarilyIwantedthefreedomtomakemyowndecisionsIwantedroomtobecreativeandalsoIwantedtobeabletogetthecreditandkeeptheprofitsifweweresuccessful.Iwasalsohappytocarrythecanandtaketheblameifthingswentwrong.Thesethingarenotpossibleifyouworkasanemployeeinalargeorganization.2Ihadtoborrowmoneytohelpstartthebusinessbutwewereluckybecausewealsohadsomeoutsidecapitaltoputintothebusiness.Thesedaysitcanbereallyhardtopersuadebankstolendmoneytopeoplewhowanttostartacompanysowewerefortunate.Itwasfairlyeasytosetupthebusinessbecausewehadaveryclearideaofwhatwewantedtodo.Theproblemwasallourpreconceptions预想aboutwhatitwouldbeliketorunabusinesswerewrong.Wemadelotsofmistakesandwealmostwentbankrupt破产的atthebeginning.Atonepointweonlyhadtwostudentsintheschool.3Fartoolong!WelostmoneyforthefirstfouryearsandasIwassayingwenearlywentoutofbusiness.Ittookquitealongtimetostartmakingprofit.Thebestthingwedidthoughwasthatwehiredsomereallygoodpeopletoworkforus.Infactsomeofthosepeoplearestillworkingforus24yearslater.Nowwe’redoingwellbutitwasveryriskyatfirst.4Oneisfinancialconstraint约束.Itcanbeverytough.Thinkallsmallbusinesseshavecashflowproblems—itoftentakesalongtimetogetpaidbyyourcustomers.Thesecondbigproblemismarketing.Ittakesalotoffundstomarketyourbusinessandyouhavetogetyournameknownandbuildareputation.Butthebiggestchallengeismanagingthepeople.Allbusinessesareaboutpeopleandyouhavetolearnhowtodealwithallkindsofpeople—andIthinkwe’vebeenextremelygoodatgettingthebestofourstaff. Paragraph2
ExploreJordanWadiRumisthenamegiventoavalleycutintothesandstoneandhardrockinsouthwestJordan._____46ThenameRummostlikelycomesfromanAramaicwordmeaning"high"or"elevated"TheareaaroundWadiRumisnowalsooneofJordan’smostimportanttouristdestinationsandattractsanincreasingnumberofforeigntouristsparticularlytrekkers越野者butalsoforcamelsafaris旅行orsimplyday-trippersfromAqabaorPetra.IncontrasttherearealmostnolocalorArabtouriststhroughDisiattractsyoungpeoplefromAmmanattheweekends.PopularactivitiesinthedesertenvironmentincludecampingunderthestarsridingArabhorsesandrock-climbingamongstthemassiverockformations.JebalRumJebalmeans"mountain"is1574metresabovesealevel._____47.ButJordanisnotsimplyadesertenvironment—italsocontainstheareawhichisthelowestpointtothefaceoftheEarth—theincredibleDeadSeapopularwithtouristsforswimming._____48OncethewatersreachtheDeadSeatheyarelandlockedandhavenowheretogosotheyevaporateleavingbehindadenserichcocktail混合的ofsaltsandmineralsthatsupplyindustryagricultureandmedicinewithsomeofitsfinestproducts.Onceagaintouristsbenefitandcanparticipateinwaterspatreatmentsandwatertherapies.TheDeadSeaislocatedintheSyro-AfricanRifta4000-milefaultlineintheEarth’scrust.ThelowestpointofdrylandonEarthistheshorelineoftheDeadSeaat1300feetbelowsealevel.Becausethelakeisatthelowestpointthismeansthatwaterdoesnotdrainfromit._____49FiguresfortheDeadSea’ssalinity盐度todayrangefrom25%to35%.ButthegreatesttouristattractionistheincrediblecityofPetra._____50ItisavastuniquecitycarvedintothesheerrockfacebytheNabataeansanindustriousArabpeoplewhosettledheremorethan2000yearsagoturningitintoanimportantjunctionforthesilkspiceandothertraderoutesthatlinkedChinaIndiaandsouthernArabiawithEgyptSyriaGreeceandRome.Todayvisitorscanmarvelatthearchitectureandexplorelifeasitwasthousandsofyearsago. 50
ExploreJordanWadiRumisthenamegiventoavalleycutintothesandstoneandhardrockinsouthwestJordan._____46ThenameRummostlikelycomesfromanAramaicwordmeaning"high"or"elevated"TheareaaroundWadiRumisnowalsooneofJordan’smostimportanttouristdestinationsandattractsanincreasingnumberofforeigntouristsparticularlytrekkers越野者butalsoforcamelsafaris旅行orsimplyday-trippersfromAqabaorPetra.IncontrasttherearealmostnolocalorArabtouriststhroughDisiattractsyoungpeoplefromAmmanattheweekends.PopularactivitiesinthedesertenvironmentincludecampingunderthestarsridingArabhorsesandrock-climbingamongstthemassiverockformations.JebalRumJebalmeans"mountain"is1574metresabovesealevel._____47.ButJordanisnotsimplyadesertenvironment—italsocontainstheareawhichisthelowestpointtothefaceoftheEarth—theincredibleDeadSeapopularwithtouristsforswimming._____48OncethewatersreachtheDeadSeatheyarelandlockedandhavenowheretogosotheyevaporateleavingbehindadenserichcocktail混合的ofsaltsandmineralsthatsupplyindustryagricultureandmedicinewithsomeofitsfinestproducts.Onceagaintouristsbenefitandcanparticipateinwaterspatreatmentsandwatertherapies.TheDeadSeaislocatedintheSyro-AfricanRifta4000-milefaultlineintheEarth’scrust.ThelowestpointofdrylandonEarthistheshorelineoftheDeadSeaat1300feetbelowsealevel.Becausethelakeisatthelowestpointthismeansthatwaterdoesnotdrainfromit._____49FiguresfortheDeadSea’ssalinity盐度todayrangefrom25%to35%.ButthegreatesttouristattractionistheincrediblecityofPetra._____50ItisavastuniquecitycarvedintothesheerrockfacebytheNabataeansanindustriousArabpeoplewhosettledheremorethan2000yearsagoturningitintoanimportantjunctionforthesilkspiceandothertraderoutesthatlinkedChinaIndiaandsouthernArabiawithEgyptSyriaGreeceandRome.Todayvisitorscanmarvelatthearchitectureandexplorelifeasitwasthousandsofyearsago. 46
InterviewwithAllanGray1Iwasworkingforamultinationalcompanyintheearly1980sandmybrotheraskedmeifIwasinterestedingoingintopartnershipwithhimtosetupalanguageschool.I’dalwayswantedtoworkformyselfandIwasabitfedupwithworkingforsomeoneelsesoIsaidyes.PrimarilyIwantedthefreedomtomakemyowndecisionsIwantedroomtobecreativeandalsoIwantedtobeabletogetthecreditandkeeptheprofitsifweweresuccessful.Iwasalsohappytocarrythecanandtaketheblameifthingswentwrong.Thesethingarenotpossibleifyouworkasanemployeeinalargeorganization.2Ihadtoborrowmoneytohelpstartthebusinessbutwewereluckybecausewealsohadsomeoutsidecapitaltoputintothebusiness.Thesedaysitcanbereallyhardtopersuadebankstolendmoneytopeoplewhowanttostartacompanysowewerefortunate.Itwasfairlyeasytosetupthebusinessbecausewehadaveryclearideaofwhatwewantedtodo.Theproblemwasallourpreconceptions预想aboutwhatitwouldbeliketorunabusinesswerewrong.Wemadelotsofmistakesandwealmostwentbankrupt破产的atthebeginning.Atonepointweonlyhadtwostudentsintheschool.3Fartoolong!WelostmoneyforthefirstfouryearsandasIwassayingwenearlywentoutofbusiness.Ittookquitealongtimetostartmakingprofit.Thebestthingwedidthoughwasthatwehiredsomereallygoodpeopletoworkforus.Infactsomeofthosepeoplearestillworkingforus24yearslater.Nowwe’redoingwellbutitwasveryriskyatfirst.4Oneisfinancialconstraint约束.Itcanbeverytough.Thinkallsmallbusinesseshavecashflowproblems—itoftentakesalongtimetogetpaidbyyourcustomers.Thesecondbigproblemismarketing.Ittakesalotoffundstomarketyourbusinessandyouhavetogetyournameknownandbuildareputation.Butthebiggestchallengeismanagingthepeople.Allbusinessesareaboutpeopleandyouhavetolearnhowtodealwithallkindsofpeople—andIthinkwe’vebeenextremelygoodatgettingthebestofourstaff. Paragraph4
SpoiltforChoice SomeresearchwhichwasrecentlycarriedoutinBritainhasconfirmedwhatmanyordinaryshoppershavesuspectedforquitealongtime.Havinga_____51selectionofgoodstochoosefromisnotnecessarilya_____52toconsumers.TheaveragesupermarketinBritainhasaround40000differentproductsonsaleatanyonetimeandifyou’re_____53ofbuyingacarthenthereareactuallyaround1600different_____54onthemarket. Inonesensechoiceisagoodthingbecauseit_____55usetobuythoseproductswhichbestsuitourneeds.Butchoicecanalso_____56somethingofaproblem.Withover400brandsofshampooonthemarkethowdoestheconsumer_____57holdoftheinformationnecessarytochoosebetweenthem? Forsomepeoplethesolutionistobuyonlywell-knownbrandswhilstothersarehappytobe_____58byadvertising.Thereisevidence_____59thatforsomepeoplethe_____60ofchoiceavailabletotheminBritain’sconsumersocietyisactuallya_____61ofanxietyandstress.Onemaninterviewedbytheresearchersadmittedthathehad_____62outtobuyhisgirlfriendamobilephoneforherbirthdaybutwasso_____63bythenumberofdifferenttypesonofferintheshopthathe_____64upanddecidedtobuyherabundle束offlowers_____65!
TheValueoftears Tearscanruinmake-upbringconversationtoastopandgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.Howevercryingisafactoflifeandtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcryingyoureyesproducetears.Thesecreateafilmovertheeye’ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection. Tearsrelievestressbutwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrolthey’llnevergetitback.explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.Aschildrenweweresometimespunishedforsheddingtearsorexpressinganger.Asadultswestillfeartheconsequencesofshowingemotions. Almostanyemotion—goodorbadhappyorsad—cancausetears.Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely. Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressedhowevertheycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshockangerfearorgriefbuttheyrepress抑制theemotion.Everyonehastheneedtocrysayspsychotherapist精神治疗师VeraDiamond.Sometimesintherapysessionspatientsparticipateincryingexercises.Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.Diamondsaysit’sbesttocryinsafeprivateplaceslikeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.That’sbecausemanypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.Infacttheymayberepressingtheirownneedtocry. Incertainsituationssuchasatworktearsarenotappropriate.It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoorsdon’tjustcryDiamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.Andsheaddsonceourtearshavereleasedthestressyoucanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealproblem. Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.Whatareyouexpectedtodoinatensebusinessdiscussion?
Whendidyoufirstencounterthesedifficulties?
Thereisaneedforradicalchangesineducation.
ExploreJordanWadiRumisthenamegiventoavalleycutintothesandstoneandhardrockinsouthwestJordan._____46ThenameRummostlikelycomesfromanAramaicwordmeaning"high"or"elevated"TheareaaroundWadiRumisnowalsooneofJordan’smostimportanttouristdestinationsandattractsanincreasingnumberofforeigntouristsparticularlytrekkers越野者butalsoforcamelsafaris旅行orsimplyday-trippersfromAqabaorPetra.IncontrasttherearealmostnolocalorArabtouriststhroughDisiattractsyoungpeoplefromAmmanattheweekends.PopularactivitiesinthedesertenvironmentincludecampingunderthestarsridingArabhorsesandrock-climbingamongstthemassiverockformations.JebalRumJebalmeans"mountain"is1574metresabovesealevel._____47.ButJordanisnotsimplyadesertenvironment—italsocontainstheareawhichisthelowestpointtothefaceoftheEarth—theincredibleDeadSeapopularwithtouristsforswimming._____48OncethewatersreachtheDeadSeatheyarelandlockedandhavenowheretogosotheyevaporateleavingbehindadenserichcocktail混合的ofsaltsandmineralsthatsupplyindustryagricultureandmedicinewithsomeofitsfinestproducts.Onceagaintouristsbenefitandcanparticipateinwaterspatreatmentsandwatertherapies.TheDeadSeaislocatedintheSyro-AfricanRifta4000-milefaultlineintheEarth’scrust.ThelowestpointofdrylandonEarthistheshorelineoftheDeadSeaat1300feetbelowsealevel.Becausethelakeisatthelowestpointthismeansthatwaterdoesnotdrainfromit._____49FiguresfortheDeadSea’ssalinity盐度todayrangefrom25%to35%.ButthegreatesttouristattractionistheincrediblecityofPetra._____50ItisavastuniquecitycarvedintothesheerrockfacebytheNabataeansanindustriousArabpeoplewhosettledheremorethan2000yearsagoturningitintoanimportantjunctionforthesilkspiceandothertraderoutesthatlinkedChinaIndiaandsouthernArabiawithEgyptSyriaGreeceandRome.Todayvisitorscanmarvelatthearchitectureandexplorelifeasitwasthousandsofyearsago. 48
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